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Waltenburg MA, Whaley MJ, Chancey RJ, Donnelly MA, Chuey MR, Soto R, Schwartz NG, Chu VT, Sleweon S, McCormick DW, Uehara A, Retchless AC, Tong S, Folster JM, Petway M, Thornburg NJ, Drobeniuc J, Austin B, Hudziec MM, Stringer G, Albanese BA, Totten SE, Matzinger SR, Staples JE, Killerby ME, Hughes LJ, Matanock A, Beatty M, Tate JE, Kirking HL, Hsu CH. Household Transmission and Symptomology of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Alpha Variant among Children-California and Colorado, 2021. J Pediatr 2022; 247:29-37.e7. [PMID: 35447121 PMCID: PMC9015725 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2022.04.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the household secondary infection risk (SIR) of B.1.1.7 (Alpha) and non-Alpha lineages of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) among children. STUDY DESIGN During January to April 2021, we prospectively followed households with a SARS-CoV-2 infection. We collected questionnaires, serial nasopharyngeal swabs for reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction testing and whole genome sequencing, and serial blood samples for serology testing. We calculated SIRs by primary case age (pediatric vs adult), household contact age, and viral lineage. We evaluated risk factors associated with transmission and described symptom profiles among children. RESULTS Among 36 households with pediatric primary cases, 21 (58%) had secondary infections. Among 91 households with adult primary cases, 51 (56%) had secondary infections. SIRs among pediatric and adult primary cases were 45% and 54%, respectively (OR, 0.79; 95% CI, 0.41-1.54). SIRs among pediatric primary cases with Alpha and non-Alpha lineage were 55% and 46%, respectively (OR, 1.52; 95% CI, 0.51-4.53). SIRs among pediatric and adult household contacts were 55% and 49%, respectively (OR, 1.01; 95% CI, 0.68-1.50). Among pediatric contacts, no significant differences in the odds of acquiring infection by demographic or household characteristics were observed. CONCLUSIONS Household transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from children and adult primary cases to household members was frequent. The risk of secondary infection was similar among child and adult household contacts. Among children, household transmission of SARS-CoV-2 and the risk of secondary infection was not influenced by lineage. Continued mitigation strategies (eg, masking, physical distancing, vaccination) are needed to protect at-risk groups regardless of virus lineage circulating in communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle A. Waltenburg
- Coronavirus Disease 2019 Response Team, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA,Epidemic Intelligence Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA,Reprint requests: Michelle A. Waltenburg, DVM, MPH, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30329
| | - Melissa J. Whaley
- Coronavirus Disease 2019 Response Team, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA
| | - Rebecca J. Chancey
- Coronavirus Disease 2019 Response Team, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA
| | - Marisa A.P. Donnelly
- Coronavirus Disease 2019 Response Team, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA,Epidemic Intelligence Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA
| | - Meagan R. Chuey
- Epidemic Intelligence Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA,County of San Diego Health and Human Services Agency, San Diego, CA
| | - Raymond Soto
- Coronavirus Disease 2019 Response Team, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA,Epidemic Intelligence Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA
| | - Noah G. Schwartz
- Coronavirus Disease 2019 Response Team, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA,Epidemic Intelligence Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA
| | - Victoria T. Chu
- Coronavirus Disease 2019 Response Team, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA,Epidemic Intelligence Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA
| | - Sadia Sleweon
- Coronavirus Disease 2019 Response Team, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA
| | - David W. McCormick
- Coronavirus Disease 2019 Response Team, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA,Epidemic Intelligence Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA
| | - Anna Uehara
- Coronavirus Disease 2019 Response Team, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA
| | - Adam C. Retchless
- Coronavirus Disease 2019 Response Team, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA
| | - Suxiang Tong
- Coronavirus Disease 2019 Response Team, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA
| | - Jennifer M. Folster
- Coronavirus Disease 2019 Response Team, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA
| | - Marla Petway
- Coronavirus Disease 2019 Response Team, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA
| | - Natalie J. Thornburg
- Coronavirus Disease 2019 Response Team, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA
| | - Jan Drobeniuc
- Coronavirus Disease 2019 Response Team, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA
| | - Brett Austin
- County of San Diego Health and Human Services Agency, San Diego, CA
| | | | - Ginger Stringer
- Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment, Denver, CO
| | | | - Sarah E. Totten
- Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment, Denver, CO
| | | | - J. Erin Staples
- Coronavirus Disease 2019 Response Team, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA
| | - Marie E. Killerby
- Coronavirus Disease 2019 Response Team, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA
| | - Laura J. Hughes
- Coronavirus Disease 2019 Response Team, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA
| | - Almea Matanock
- Coronavirus Disease 2019 Response Team, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA
| | - Mark Beatty
- County of San Diego Health and Human Services Agency, San Diego, CA
| | - Jacqueline E. Tate
- Coronavirus Disease 2019 Response Team, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA
| | - Hannah L. Kirking
- Coronavirus Disease 2019 Response Team, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA
| | - Christopher H. Hsu
- Coronavirus Disease 2019 Response Team, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA
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2
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Minhaj FS, Ogale YP, Whitehill F, Schultz J, Foote M, Davidson W, Hughes CM, Wilkins K, Bachmann L, Chatelain R, Donnelly MA, Mendoza R, Downes BL, Roskosky M, Barnes M, Gallagher GR, Basgoz N, Ruiz V, Kyaw NTT, Feldpausch A, Valderrama A, Alvarado-Ramy F, Dowell CH, Chow CC, Li Y, Quilter L, Brooks J, Daskalakis DC, McClung RP, Petersen BW, Damon I, Hutson C, McQuiston J, Rao AK, Belay E, McCollum AM. Monkeypox Outbreak - Nine States, May 2022. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2022; 71:764-769. [PMID: 35679181 PMCID: PMC9181052 DOI: 10.15585/mmwr.mm7123e1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 85.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
On May 17, 2022, the Massachusetts Department of Public Health (MDPH) Laboratory Response Network (LRN) laboratory confirmed the presence of orthopoxvirus DNA via real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) from lesion swabs obtained from a Massachusetts resident. Orthopoxviruses include Monkeypox virus, the causative agent of monkeypox. Subsequent real-time PCR testing at CDC on May 18 confirmed that the patient was infected with the West African clade of Monkeypox virus. Since then, confirmed cases* have been reported by nine states. In addition, 28 countries and territories,† none of which has endemic monkeypox, have reported laboratory-confirmed cases. On May 17, CDC, in coordination with state and local jurisdictions, initiated an emergency response to identify, monitor, and investigate additional monkeypox cases in the United States. This response has included releasing a Health Alert Network (HAN) Health Advisory, developing interim public health and clinical recommendations, releasing guidance for LRN testing, hosting clinician and public health partner outreach calls, disseminating health communication messages to the public, developing protocols for use and release of medical countermeasures, and facilitating delivery of vaccine postexposure prophylaxis (PEP) and antivirals that have been stockpiled by the U.S. government for preparedness and response purposes. On May 19, a call center was established to provide guidance to states for the evaluation of possible cases of monkeypox, including recommendations for clinical diagnosis and orthopoxvirus testing. The call center also gathers information about possible cases to identify interjurisdictional linkages. As of May 31, this investigation has identified 17§ cases in the United States; most cases (16) were diagnosed in persons who identify as gay, bisexual, or men who have sex with men (MSM). Ongoing investigation suggests person-to-person community transmission, and CDC urges health departments, clinicians, and the public to remain vigilant, institute appropriate infection prevention and control measures, and notify public health authorities of suspected cases to reduce disease spread. Public health authorities are identifying cases and conducting investigations to determine possible sources and prevent further spread. This activity was reviewed by CDC and conducted consistent with applicable federal law and CDC policy.¶.
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Affiliation(s)
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- Epidemic Intelligence Service, CDC; Division of High Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, CDC; Division of STD Prevention, National Center for HIV, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention, CDC; Massachusetts Department of Public Health; New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, New York, New York; Salt Lake County Health Department, Salt Lake City, Utah; Florida Department of Health; Fairfax County Health Department, Fairfax, Virginia; Public Health - Seattle & King County, Seattle, Washington; Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment; Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston Massachusetts; Georgia Department of Health; Division of Healthcare Quality Promotion, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, CDC; Division of Global Migration and Quarantine, National Center of Emerging Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, CDC; National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health; Division of Global Health Protection, Center for Global Health, CDC; Division of HIV Prevention, National Center for HIV, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention, CDC
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3
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Chamberlain AT, Limaye RJ, O'Leary ST, Frew PM, Brewer SE, Spina CI, Ellingson MK, Dudley MZ, Orenstein WA, Donnelly MA, Riley LE, Ault KA, Salmon DA, Omer SB. Development and acceptability of a video-based vaccine promotion tutorial for obstetric care providers. Vaccine 2019; 37:2532-2536. [PMID: 30962093 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2019.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Revised: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
A prenatal care provider's recommendation for maternal vaccines is one of the strongest predictors of vaccine acceptance during pregnancy. Aside from basic talking points, few resources exist to help obstetric care providers effectively navigate conversations with vaccine hesitant patients. This paper describes the development and acceptability of "VaxChat," an hour-long, evidence-based video tutorial aimed at improving obstetric care providers' ability to promote maternal vaccines. Between June and November 2017, 62 obstetric care providers registered to receive continuing medical education credit for viewing VaxChat. Of the post-tutorial responses received, over 90% said VaxChat increased their knowledge of what to say to vaccine hesitant patients, increased their confidence in addressing vaccinations with their pregnant patients, and will help them improve their practice culture regarding maternal vaccine promotion. Eighty percent intend to change how they approach vaccine conversations. These data suggest VaxChat may be a welcome complement to existing provider-to-patient talking points.
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Affiliation(s)
- A T Chamberlain
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, 1518 Clifton Rd. NE, Atlanta, GA 30322, United States.
| | - R J Limaye
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 N. Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21205, United States; Institute for Vaccine Safety, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 N. Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21205, United States; Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 N. Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21205, United States
| | - S T O'Leary
- Adult and Child Consortium for Health Outcomes Research and Delivery Science, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus and Children's Hospital, 13199 E Montview Blvd, Suite 300, Aurora, CO 80045, United States; Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 13123 E 16th Ave, Aurora, CO 80045, United States
| | - P M Frew
- School of Community Health Sciences, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, 4505 S Maryland Pkwy, Las Vegas, NV 89154, United States
| | - S E Brewer
- Adult and Child Consortium for Health Outcomes Research and Delivery Science, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus and Children's Hospital, 13199 E Montview Blvd, Suite 300, Aurora, CO 80045, United States
| | - C I Spina
- Adult and Child Consortium for Health Outcomes Research and Delivery Science, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus and Children's Hospital, 13199 E Montview Blvd, Suite 300, Aurora, CO 80045, United States
| | - M K Ellingson
- Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, 1518 Clifton Rd. NE, Atlanta, GA 30322, United States
| | - M Z Dudley
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 N. Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21205, United States; Institute for Vaccine Safety, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 N. Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21205, United States
| | - W A Orenstein
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Emory University, 2015 Uppergate Dr, Atlanta, GA 30322, United States; Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University, 201 Dowman Drive, Atlanta, GA 30322, United States
| | - M A Donnelly
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, 12631 E. 17th Avenue, Academic Office 1, Room 4010, Aurora, CO 80045, United States; Denver Health Hospital Authority, 777 Bannock St, Denver, CO 80204, United States
| | - L E Riley
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, 156 William St 7th Floor, New York, NY 10038, United States
| | - K A Ault
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, University of Kansas, 3901 Rainbow Boulevard, Kansas City, KS 66160, United States
| | - D A Salmon
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 N. Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21205, United States; Institute for Vaccine Safety, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 N. Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21205, United States
| | - S B Omer
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, 1518 Clifton Rd. NE, Atlanta, GA 30322, United States; Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, 1518 Clifton Rd. NE, Atlanta, GA 30322, United States; Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Emory University, 2015 Uppergate Dr, Atlanta, GA 30322, United States; Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University, 201 Dowman Drive, Atlanta, GA 30322, United States
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Abstract
Poison frogs of the neotropical family Dendrobatidae contain a wide variety of lipophilic alkaloids, which are accumulated from alkaloid-containing arthropods. A small millipede, Rhinotus purpureus (Siphonotidae), occurs microsympatrically with the dendrobatid frog Dendrobates pumilio on Isla Bastimentos, Bocas del Toro Province, Panamá. Methanol extracts of this millipede contain the spiropyrrolizidine O-methyloxime 236, an alkaloid previously known only from skin extracts of poison frogs, including populations of D. pumilio. Thus, R. purpureus represents a likely dietary source of such alkaloids in dendrobatid frogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- R A Saporito
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA
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5
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Donnelly MA, Zimmer M. Computational analysis of the first biheterocyclization site of the antibiotic microcin B17. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2000; 17:779-85. [PMID: 10798523 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2000.10506567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Microcin B 17 (MccB17) undergoes an enzyme catalyzed posttranslational modification to form four oxazole and four thiazole rings. Four of these rings form 4,2 - connected biheterocyclic functionalities. In this study, the hexapeptide sequence surrounding the first biheterocyclization site of microcin B17 was examined using computational calculations and database analysis to see if it was preorganized for cyclization in a manner similar to that found in the autocatalytic posttranslational cyclization of Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP). Attention was focused on the intermolecular distances between the sulfur and oxygen atoms of the cysteine and serine residues and the carbonyl carbons which they attack in the ring formation. Conformational searches located some low energy conformations that contained relatively short oxygen to carbonyl carbon distances, which indicated that the oxazole forming fragment in microcin B17 is preorganized for cyclization. However, the lack of any clear patterns for the sulfur to carbon distances show that the side-chain of cysteine does not adopt any low energy conformations that are geometrically preorganized for cyclization. The MccB17 synthetase enzyme complex which catalyzes the cyclization process therefore has both steric and electronic functions. The data obtained in this investigation is in agreement with empirical data which shows that biheterocyclization will only occur if the thiazole forms before the oxazole.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Donnelly
- Department of Chemistry, Connecticut College, New London 06320, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- R A Berzon
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Co, Wallingford, CT, USA
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7
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Affiliation(s)
- R A Berzon
- Burroughs Wellcome Co., Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
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8
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Suter-Gut D, Metcalf AM, Donnelly MA, Smith IM. Post-discharge care planning and rehabilitation of the elderly surgical patient. Clin Geriatr Med 1990; 6:669-83. [PMID: 2199024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Successful discharge planning, home care, and rehabilitation for surgical patients can be very satisfying. However, everyone involved should be aware that it can also be frustrating when, despite careful plans and organization, everything falls apart, often because the patient's disease course is different from that expected or the patient or family are not satisfied with the services. There are multiple other reasons for plans to fail, but with experience the failures should become less frequent. All too often in life we take success for granted and weigh failures twice as much. The danger of this type of thinking becomes especially important in discharge planning--successfully discharged patients may be "invisible" but the failures are back very quickly. Everyone involved in discharge planning should be made aware of the successes in order to prevent "burn out." Certain predictable complications can often be prevented or rapidly reversed, and rehabilitation is achieved by a team of varied health care providers. A home visit is often very helpful before discharge of an elderly surgical patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Suter-Gut
- University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City
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