1
|
Lorber DL, ElSayed NA, Bannuru RR, Shah V, Puisis M, Crandall J, Fech-Baughman S, Wakeen B, Dantone JJ, Hunter-Buskey R, Moritsugu K, Wang E, Desimone M, Weinstock R, Fischer A, Sherman J, Eber G, Shefelman W. Diabetes Management in Detention Facilities: A Statement of the American Diabetes Association. Diabetes Care 2024; 47:544-555. [PMID: 38527114 DOI: 10.2337/dci24-0015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
This statement provides guidance for diabetes care in detention facilities. It focuses on areas where the processes for delivery of care to people with diabetes in detention facilities may differ from those in the community, and key points are made at the end of each section. Areas of emphasis, which inform multiple aspects discussed in this statement, include 1) timely identification or diagnosis of diabetes treatment needs and continuity of care (at reception/intake, during transfers, and upon discharge), 2) nutrition and physical activity, 3) timely access to diabetes management tools (insulin, blood glucose monitoring, tracking data, current diabetes management technologies, etc.), and 4) treatment of the whole person with diabetes (self-management education, mental health support, monitoring and addressing long-term complications, specialty care, etc.).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel L Lorber
- Lang Center for Research and Education at New York Hospital Queens, Queens, NY
| | - Nuha A ElSayed
- American Diabetes Association, Arlington, VA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | | | - Viral Shah
- University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | | | | | | | | | - Jo Jo Dantone
- Nutrition Education Resources, Inc., Frances Place, LA
| | - Robin Hunter-Buskey
- Immigration Health Service Corps, U.S. Department of Homeland Security, Washington, DC
| | | | - Emily Wang
- SEICHE Center for Health and Justice, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | | | | | | | | | - Gabe Eber
- Center for Public Health & Human Rights, Johns Hopkins School of Public Health, Rockville, MD
| | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Odugbesan O, Wright T, Jones NHY, Dei-Tutu S, Gallagher MP, DeWit E, Izquierdo RE, Desimone M, Rioles N, Ebekozien O. Increasing Social Determinants of Health Screening Rates Among Six Endocrinology Centers Across the United States: Results From the T1D Exchange Quality Improvement Collaborative. Clin Diabetes 2023; 42:49-55. [PMID: 38230332 PMCID: PMC10788654 DOI: 10.2337/cd23-0060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
Social determinants of health (SDOH) are strongly associated with outcomes for people with type 1 diabetes. Six centers in the T1D Exchange Quality Improvement Collaborative applied quality improvement principles to design iterative Plan-Do-Study-Act cycles to develop and expand interventions to improve SDOH screening rates. The interventions tested include staff training, a social risk index, an electronic health record patient-facing portal, partnerships with community organizations, and referrals to community resources. All centers were successful in improving SDOH screening rates, with individual site improvements ranging from 41 to 70% and overall screening across the six centers increasing from a baseline of 1% to 70% in 27 months.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Emily DeWit
- Children’s Mercy Research Institute Hospital, Kansas City, MO
| | | | | | | | - Osagie Ebekozien
- T1D Exchange, Boston, MA
- University of Mississippi School of Population Health, Jackson, MS
| | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Gandhi K, Ebekozien O, Noor N, McDonough RJ, Hsieh S, Miyazaki B, Dei-Tutu S, Golden L, Desimone M, Hardison H, Rompicherla S, Akturk HK, Kamboj MK. Insulin Pump Utilization in 2017-2021 for More Than 22,000 Children and Adults With Type 1 Diabetes: A Multicenter Observational Study. Clin Diabetes 2023; 42:56-64. [PMID: 38230341 PMCID: PMC10788665 DOI: 10.2337/cd23-0055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
This large type 1 diabetes cohort study showed that insulin pump utilization has increased over time and that use differs by sex, insurance type, and race/ethnicity. Insulin pump use was associated with more optimal A1C, increased use of continuous glucose monitoring (CGM), and lower rates of diabetic ketoacidosis and severe hypoglycemia. People who used an insulin pump with CGM had lower rates of acute events than their counterparts who used an insulin pump without CGM. These findings highlight the need to improve access of diabetes technology through provider engagement, multidisciplinary approaches, and efforts to address health inequities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Osagie Ebekozien
- T1D Exchange, Boston, MA
- University of Mississippi School of Population Health, Jackson, MS
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ehrhardt N, Bouchonville M, Peek ME, Thomas CC, Zou T, Cuttriss N, Desimone M, Weinstock RS, Baer LG, Gabbay RA. Telementoring With Project ECHO: A New Era in Diabetes-Related Continuing Education for Primary Care to Address Health Disparities. J Diabetes Sci Technol 2023; 17:916-924. [PMID: 36879471 PMCID: PMC10348009 DOI: 10.1177/19322968231155150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Abstract
Project ECHO® is a telementoring workforce development model that targets under-resourced communities lacking access to specialty care. The model builds virtual communities of practice, including specialists and community primary care professionals (PCPs) to combat clinical inertia and health disparities. While the ECHO model has gained global recognition, implementation of the model related to diabetes is lagging compared to other specialty conditions. This review highlights diabetes-endocrine (ENDO)-focused ECHOs using data reported in the ECHO Institute's centralized data repository (iECHO) and the learning collaborative for diabetes ECHOs. It also describes the implementation of diabetes ECHOs and their evaluation. Learner and patient-centered outcomes related to diabetes ECHOs are reviewed. Program implementation and evaluations have demonstrated utility of the ECHO model for diabetes programs to (1) address unmet needs of diabetes care in the primary care setting, (2) improve knowledge and confidence in managing complex diabetes and change provider prescribing habits, (3) improve patient outcomes, and (4) address diabetes quality improvement practices in primary care. More studies with broader collaboration among sites are needed to evaluate the model related to diabetes, especially applied to addressing therapeutic inertia, adoption of diabetes technology, and reducing health disparities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Ehrhardt
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Washington Diabetes Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Matt Bouchonville
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, School of Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Monica E. Peek
- Section of General Internal Medicine, Chicago Center for Diabetes Translation Research, The MacLean Center for Clinical Medical Ethics, and The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Celeste C. Thomas
- Section of Adult and Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Tracy Zou
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Washington Diabetes Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Nicolas Cuttriss
- ECHO Diabetes Action Network, ENDO Diabetes & Wellness, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Marisa Desimone
- Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, and SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Ruth S. Weinstock
- Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Clinical Research Unit and Joslin Diabetes Center, and SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Ahmed R, Greenfield M, Morley CP, Desimone M. Satisfaction and Concerns with Telemedicine Endocrine Care of Patients with Cystic Fibrosis. Telemed Rep 2022; 3:93-100. [PMID: 35720441 PMCID: PMC9049818 DOI: 10.1089/tmr.2021.0053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Patients with chronic health conditions are at high risk for severe COVID-19 infections, making telemedicine for patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) and cystic fibrosis-related diabetes (CFRD) particularly relevant. There are limited data regarding provider perspectives on caring for patients with CF using telemedicine, particularly for those with CFRD. METHODS Surveys were administered to patients with CF (with and without CFRD) and to adult and pediatric endocrinologists who specialize in CF. Data were collected using Research Electronic Data Capture; t-tests were used to compare total mean scores of Likert scale questions. The differences in responses were performed using one-way analysis of variance followed by Tukey's Honest Significant Difference test. Variables were assessed for normality and we performed the Mann-Whitney test. No change in the results of the hypothesis test was found. All results were analyzed using SPSS version 27. RESULTS Eighteen patients (n = 9 CFRD) and 21 providers responded. Both groups reported high satisfaction with telemedicine overall (83.3%; 71.4%), convenience (94.4%; 85.7%), and adequate time during the visit (94.4%; 76.2%), and the majority would recommend telemedicine to others (94.4%; 95.2%). Lack of in-person examination components was of more concern to providers than patients: height/weight (p < 0.001), vitals (p < 0.001), and glycated hemoglobin (p < 0.001). There was no difference in provider perception in treatment of CFRD compared to type 1 diabetes (T1D). Common themes of open-ended questions included ease in attending telemedicine appointments (patients) and decrease in "no shows" (providers). DISCUSSION Patient and provider satisfaction with telemedicine was high. The lack of typical components of face-to-face visits was more concerning for providers when compared to patients. Provider concern regarding lack of components specific to diabetes was similar regarding CFRD and T1D.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rahat Ahmed
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, State University of New York at Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | - Margaret Greenfield
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, State University of New York at Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | - Christopher P. Morley
- Department of Public Health and Preventative Medicine, State University of New York at Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | - Marisa Desimone
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, State University of New York at Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Khare S, Desimone M, Kasim N, Chan CL. Cystic fibrosis-related diabetes: Prevalence, screening, and diagnosis. J Clin Transl Endocrinol 2022; 27:100290. [PMID: 34917485 PMCID: PMC8669384 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcte.2021.100290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis-related diabetes (CFRD) is the most common comorbidity in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). Prevalence of CFRD increases with age and is greater with severe mutations. Other risk factors associated with CFRD are female sex, pancreatic insufficiency, liver disease, need for gastrostomy tube feedings, history of bronchopulmonary aspergillosis, and poor pulmonary function. CFRD is related to worse clinical outcomes and increased mortality. Early diagnosis and treatment have been shown to improve clinical outcomes. Screening for CFRD is recommended with an annual oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) starting at age 10 years. Diagnosis of CFRD is made by standard American Diabetes Association (ADA) criteria during baseline health. CFRD can also be diagnosed in individuals with CF during acute illness, while on enteral feeds, and after transplant. In this review we will discuss the epidemiology of CFRD and provide an overview of the advantages and pitfalls of current screening and diagnostic tests for CFRD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Swapnil Khare
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Indiana University-Purdue University, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Marisa Desimone
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism SUNY, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, United States
| | - Nader Kasim
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Michigan State University, Helen Devos Children's Hospital/Spectrum Health, Grand Rapids, MI, United States
| | - Christine L. Chan
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Akturk HK, Rompicherla S, Rioles N, Desimone M, Weinstock RS, Haw SJ, Ziemer DC, Dickinson JK, Agarwal S, Ebekozien O, Polsky S. Factors Associated With Improved A1C Among Adults With Type 1 Diabetes in the United States. Clin Diabetes 2022; 41:76-80. [PMID: 36714244 PMCID: PMC9845074 DOI: 10.2337/cd22-0067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Many adults with diabetes do not reach optimal glycemic targets, and, despite advances in diabetes management, diabetes technology use remains significantly lower in racial/ethnic minority groups. This study aimed to identify factors associated with achieving the recommended A1C target of <7% using data on 12,035 adults with type 1 diabetes from 15 centers participating in the T1D Exchange Quality Improvement Collaborative. Individuals attaining the target A1C were more likely to be older, White, have private health insurance, and use diabetes technology and less likely to report depressive symptoms or episodes of severe hypoglycemia or diabetic ketoacidosis than those with higher A1C levels. These findings highlight the importance of overcoming inequities in diabetes care.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Halis K. Akturk
- Barbara Davis Center, Denver, CO
- Corresponding author: Halis K. Akturk,
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Shivani Agarwal
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine–Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY
| | - Osagie Ebekozien
- T1D Exchange, Boston, MA
- University of Mississippi School of Population Health, Jackson, MI
| | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Abstract
The prevalence of obesity in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) is increasing and around one-third of adults with CF are now overweight or obese. The causes of excess weight gain in CF are likely multifactorial, including: adherence to the high-fat legacy diet, reduced exercise tolerance, therapeutic advances, and general population trends. Increased weight has generally been considered favorable in CF, correlating with improved pulmonary function and survival. While the optimal BMI for overall health in CF is unknown, most studies demonstrate minimal improvement in pulmonary function when BMI exceeds 30 kg/m2. Dyslipidemia and cardiovascular disease are important co-morbidities of obesity in the general population, but are uncommon in CF. In people with CF, obesity is associated with hypertension and higher cholesterol levels. With longer life expectancy and rising obesity rates, there may be an increase in cardiovascular disease among people with CF in coming years. Overweight CF patients are more likely to be insulin resistant, taking on features of type 2 diabetes. Treating obesity in people with CF requires carefully weighing the metabolic risks of overnutrition with the impact of low or falling BMI on lung function. This article describes current knowledge on the epidemiology, causes, consequence, and treatment of obesity in people with CF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katherine A. Kutney
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, University Hospitals, Rainbow Babies and Children’s Hospital Case Western Reserve University, 11100 Euclid Ave, Suite 737, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Zahrae Sandouk
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, University of Michigan, USA
| | - Marisa Desimone
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, SUNY Upstate Medical University, USA
| | - Amir Moheet
- Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Desimone M, Ahmed R, Greenfield M. 10: Satisfaction and concerns with telemedicine endocrine care of patients with cystic fibrosis. J Cyst Fibros 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/s1569-1993(21)01435-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
10
|
Prahalad P, Ebekozien O, Alonso GT, Clements M, Corathers S, DeSalvo D, Desimone M, Lee JM, Lorincz I, McDonough R, Majidi S, Odugbesan O, Obrynba K, Rioles N, Kamboj M, Jones NHY, Maahs DM. Multi-Clinic Quality Improvement Initiative Increases Continuous Glucose Monitoring Use Among Adolescents and Young Adults With Type 1 Diabetes. Clin Diabetes 2021; 39:264-271. [PMID: 34421201 PMCID: PMC8329017 DOI: 10.2337/cd21-0026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) use is associated with improved A1C outcomes and quality of life in adolescents and young adults with diabetes; however, CGM uptake is low. This article reports on a quality improvement (QI) initiative of the T1D Exchange Quality Improvement Collaborative to increase CGM use among patients in this age-group. Ten centers participated in developing a key driver diagram and center-specific interventions that resulted in an increase in CGM use from 34 to 55% in adolescents and young adults over 19-22 months. Sites that performed QI tests of change and documented their interventions had the highest increases in CGM uptake, demonstrating that QI methodology and sharing of learnings can increase CGM uptake.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Priya Prahalad
- Lucile Packard Children’s Hospital, Stanford, CA
- Stanford Diabetes Research Center, Stanford, CA
| | | | - G. Todd Alonso
- Barbara Davis Center, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO
| | | | - Sarah Corathers
- Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Shideh Majidi
- Barbara Davis Center, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO
| | | | - Kathryn Obrynba
- Nationwide Children’s Hospital, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | | | - Manmohan Kamboj
- Nationwide Children’s Hospital, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Nana-Hawa Yayah Jones
- Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH
| | - David M. Maahs
- Lucile Packard Children’s Hospital, Stanford, CA
- Stanford Diabetes Research Center, Stanford, CA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Majidi S, Ebekozien O, Noor N, Lyons SK, McDonough R, Gandhi K, Izquierdo R, Demeterco-Berggren C, Polsky S, Basina M, Desimone M, Thomas I, Rioles N, Jimenez-Vega J, Malik FS, Miyazaki B, Albanese-O’Neill A, Jones NHY. Inequities in Health Outcomes in Children and Adults With Type 1 Diabetes: Data From the T1D Exchange Quality Improvement Collaborative. Clin Diabetes 2021; 39:278-283. [PMID: 34421203 PMCID: PMC8329009 DOI: 10.2337/cd21-0028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Health care inequities among racial and ethnic groups remain prevalent. For people with type 1 diabetes who require increased medical access and care, disparities are seen in access to care and health outcomes. This article reports on a study by the T1D Exchange Quality Improvement Collaborative evaluating differences in A1C, diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), severe hypoglycemia, and technology use among racial and ethnic groups. In a diverse cohort of nearly 20,000 children and adults with type 1 diabetes, A1C was found to differ significantly among racial and ethnic groups. Non-Hispanic Blacks had higher rates of DKA and severe hypoglycemia and the lowest rate of technology use. These results underscore the crucial need to study and overcome the barriers that lead to inequities in the care and outcomes of people with type 1 diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shideh Majidi
- Barbara Davis Center, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO
| | | | | | - Sarah K. Lyons
- Baylor College of Medicine/Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX
| | | | - Kajal Gandhi
- Nationwide Children’s Hospital, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | | | | | - Sarit Polsky
- Barbara Davis Center, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO
| | - Marina Basina
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | | | - Inas Thomas
- C.S. Mott Children’s Hospital, Ann Arbor, MI
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
O’Malley G, Ebekozien O, Desimone M, Pinnaro CT, Roberts A, Polsky S, Noor N, Aleppo G, Basina M, Tansey M, Steenkamp D, Vendrame F, Lorincz I, Mathias P, Agarwal S, Golden L, Hirsh IB, Levy CJ. COVID-19 Hospitalization in Adults with Type 1 Diabetes: Results from the T1D Exchange Multicenter Surveillance Study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2021; 106:e936-e942. [PMID: 33165563 PMCID: PMC7717244 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgaa825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Diabetes mellitus is associated with increased COVID-19 morbidity and mortality, but there are few data focusing on outcomes in people with type 1 diabetes. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to analyze characteristics of adults with type 1 diabetes for associations with COVID-19 hospitalization. DESIGN An observational multisite cross-sectional study was performed. Diabetes care providers answered a 33-item questionnaire regarding demographics, symptoms, and diabetes- and COVID-19-related care and outcomes. Descriptive statistics were used to describe the study population, and multivariate logistic regression models were used to analyze the relationship between glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), age, and comorbidities and hospitalization. SETTING Cases were submitted from 52 US sites between March and August 2020. PATIENTS OR OTHER PARTICIPANTS Adults over the age of 19 with type 1 diabetes and confirmed COVID-19 infection were included. INTERVENTIONS None. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Hospitalization for COVID-19 infection. RESULTS A total of 113 cases were analyzed. Fifty-eight patients were hospitalized, and 5 patients died. Patients who were hospitalized were more likely to be older, to identify as non-Hispanic Black, to use public insurance, or to have hypertension, and less likely to use continuous glucose monitoring or insulin pumps. Median HbA1c was 8.6% (70 mmol/mol) and was positively associated with hospitalization (odds ratio 1.42, 95% confidence interval 1.18-1.76), which persisted after adjustment for age, sex, race, and obesity. CONCLUSIONS Baseline glycemic control and access to care are important modifiable risk factors which need to be addressed to optimize care of people with type 1 diabetes during the worldwide COVID-19 pandemic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Grenye O’Malley
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Bone Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Osagie Ebekozien
- T1D Exchange
- Corresponding author: Osagie Ebekozien, MD, MPH, CPHQ, 11 Avenue de Lafayette, 5th Floor, Boston, MA 02111, 617-892-9940,
| | - Marisa Desimone
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY
| | | | - Alissa Roberts
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Sarit Polsky
- Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | | | - Grazia Aleppo
- Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | | | - Michael Tansey
- University of Iowa Boston University School of Medicine and Boston Medical Center
| | - Devin Steenkamp
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University of Miami, Miami, FL
| | - Francesco Vendrame
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Hospital of University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Ilona Lorincz
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University of Miami, Miami, FL
| | - Priyanka Mathias
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Hospital of University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Shivani Agarwal
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Hospital of University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Lauren Golden
- Fleischer Institute for Diabetes and Metabolism, NY-Regional Center for Diabetes and Translational Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
| | - Irl B Hirsh
- NYU Langone Medical Center University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA
| | - Carol J Levy
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Bone Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine, New York, NY
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Affiliation(s)
- Kinan Kassar
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York
| | - Cheryl Roe
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York
| | - Marisa Desimone
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Desimone M, Weiß-Wichert C, Wagner E, Altenfeld U, Johanningmeier U. Immunochemical Studies on the Clp-protease in Chloroplasts: Evidence for the Formation of a CIpC/P Complex*. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1438-8677.1997.tb00634.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
15
|
Sasaki K, Desimone M, Rao HR, Huang GJ, Seethala RR. Adrenocortical carcinosarcoma: a case report and review of the literature. Diagn Pathol 2010; 5:51. [PMID: 20687934 PMCID: PMC3224959 DOI: 10.1186/1746-1596-5-51] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2010] [Accepted: 08/05/2010] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Adrenocortical carcinosarcoma is an extremely rare and aggressive variant of adrenocortical carcinoma characterized by the presence of both carcinomatous and sarcomatous components, with the latter often showing heterologous differentiation. Due to the rarity and unusual histology, it may pose a diagnostic challenge. In order to increase awareness and identify potential diagnostic pitfalls, we report the ninth case of non-functioning adrenocortical carcinosarcoma in a 45-year-old man who presented with worsening epigastric pain and a left large retroperitoneal mass in close proximity to the body/tail of pancreas and third portion of the duodenum with displacement of the kidney without parenchymal invasion and multiple liver nodules detected by computed tomographic scan. On en bloc resection, the tumor grossly did not involve the pancreas, kidney or colon. Histologically, the tumor was composed of two distinct components - an epithelioid component with granular cytoplasm that stained for synaptophysin, Melan-A, calretinin, and vimentin compatible with adrenocortical differentiation, and a pleomorphic to spindled component that was positive for desmin and myogenin, compatible with rhabdomyosarcomatous differentiation. A wedge biopsy of a liver nodule showed morphologic features similar to the epithelial component of the primary tumor. The patient died three months after surgery due to locoregional and distant recurrence. Adrenocortical carcinosarcoma is a rare malignancy that adds to the differential diagnostic considerations for a retroperitoneal epithelioid malignancy. Awareness of this as a possibility will help in distinguishing this tumor from other carcinomas, melanomas, and true sarcomas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kotaro Sasaki
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, 15232 USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Desimone M, Krüger M, Wessel T, Wehofsky M, Hoffmann R, Wagner E. Purification and characterization of an aminopeptidase from the chloroplast stroma of barley leaves by chromatographic and electrophoretic methods. J Chromatogr B Biomed Sci Appl 2000; 737:285-93. [PMID: 10681066 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-4347(99)00483-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Aminopeptidases catalyze the cleavage of amino acids from the amino terminus of protein or peptide substrates. Although some aminopeptidase activities have been found in plant chloroplasts, the identity of these proteins remains unclear. In this work, we report the purification to apparent homogeneity of a soluble aminopeptidase from isolated barley chloroplasts which preferentially degraded alanyl-p-nitroanilide (Ala-pNA). After organelle isolation in a density gradient and precipitation of soluble proteins with ammonium sulfate, the proteins were purified in three consecutive steps including hydrophobic interaction, gel permeation and ion-exchange chromatographies. The purified enzyme appeared as a single band with a Mr of approximately 84000 in sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis. The Mr of the native enzyme was estimated to be approximately 93000 by gel permeation chromatography, suggesting that the protein is a monomer. Mass spectrometry analysis of tryptic digests indicates that the primary structure of the protein has not been reported previously. The enzyme was characterized as a metalloprotease as it could be totally inhibited by 1,10-phenanthroline. Strong inhibition could also be observed using the specific aminopeptidase inhibitors amastatin and bestatin. Besides Ala-pNA, the purified protein could also cleave with decreasing activity glycyl-pNA, leucyl-pNA, lysyl-pNA, methionyl-pNA and arginyl-pNA. The possible physiological role of this enzyme in the chloroplast stroma is discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Desimone
- lnstitut für Biologie II, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität, Freiburg, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Desimone M, Henke A, Wagner E. Oxidative Stress Induces Partial Degradation of the Large Subunit of Ribulose-1,5-Bisphosphate Carboxylase/Oxygenase in Isolated Chloroplasts of Barley. Plant Physiol 1996; 111:789-796. [PMID: 12226330 PMCID: PMC157896 DOI: 10.1104/pp.111.3.789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The effects of oxidative stress on the degradation of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco; EC 4.1.1.39) were studied in isolated chloroplasts from barley (Hordeum vulgare L. cv Angora). Active oxygen (AO) was generated by varying the light intensity, the oxygen concentration, or the addition of herbicides or ADP-FeCl3-ascorbate to the medium. Oxidative treatments stimulated association of Rubisco with the insoluble fraction of chloroplasts and partial proteolysis of the large subunit (LSU). The most prominent degradation product of the LSU of Rubisco showed an apparent molecular mass of 36 kD. The data suggest that an increase in the amount of AO photogenerated by O2 reduction at photosystem I triggers Rubisco degradation. A possible relationship between AO-mediated denaturation of Rubisco and proteolysis of the LSU is discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M. Desimone
- Institut fur Biologie II, Universitat Freiburg, Schanzlestrasse 1, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Abstract
Proteolytic activity in oat leaf extracts was measured with both azocasein and ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase (Rubisco) as substrates over a wide range of pH (3.0-9.2). With either azocasein or Rubisco activity peaks appeared at pH 4.8, 6.6, and 8.4. An aminopeptidase (AP) which hydrolyzes leucine-nitroanilide was partially purified. Purification consisted of a series of six steps which included ammonium sulfate precipitation, gel filtration, and two ionic exchange chromatographies. The enzyme was purified more than 100-fold. The apparent K(m) for leucine-nitroanilide is 0.08 millimolar at its pH optimum of 8.4. AP may be a cystein protease since it is inhibited by heavy metals and activated by 2-mercaptoethanol. Isolated chloroplasts were also able to hydrolyze leucine-nitroanilide at a pH optimum of 8.4, indicating that AP could be localized inside the photosynthetic organelles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L M Casano
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Vegetal, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, P. O. Box 395-(5000) Córdoba, República Argentina
| | | | | |
Collapse
|