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Pearman PB, Broennimann O, Aavik T, Albayrak T, Alves PC, Aravanopoulos FA, Bertola LD, Biedrzycka A, Buzan E, Cubric-Curik V, Djan M, Fedorca A, Fuentes-Pardo AP, Fussi B, Godoy JA, Gugerli F, Hoban S, Holderegger R, Hvilsom C, Iacolina L, Kalamujic Stroil B, Klinga P, Konopiński MK, Kopatz A, Laikre L, Lopes-Fernandes M, McMahon BJ, Mergeay J, Neophytou C, Pálsson S, Paz-Vinas I, Posledovich D, Primmer CR, Raeymaekers JAM, Rinkevich B, Rolečková B, Ruņģis D, Schuerz L, Segelbacher G, Kavčič Sonnenschein K, Stefanovic M, Thurfjell H, Träger S, Tsvetkov IN, Velickovic N, Vergeer P, Vernesi C, Vilà C, Westergren M, Zachos FE, Guisan A, Bruford M. Monitoring of species' genetic diversity in Europe varies greatly and overlooks potential climate change impacts. Nat Ecol Evol 2024; 8:267-281. [PMID: 38225425 PMCID: PMC10857941 DOI: 10.1038/s41559-023-02260-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
Genetic monitoring of populations currently attracts interest in the context of the Convention on Biological Diversity but needs long-term planning and investments. However, genetic diversity has been largely neglected in biodiversity monitoring, and when addressed, it is treated separately, detached from other conservation issues, such as habitat alteration due to climate change. We report an accounting of efforts to monitor population genetic diversity in Europe (genetic monitoring effort, GME), the evaluation of which can help guide future capacity building and collaboration towards areas most in need of expanded monitoring. Overlaying GME with areas where the ranges of selected species of conservation interest approach current and future climate niche limits helps identify whether GME coincides with anticipated climate change effects on biodiversity. Our analysis suggests that country area, financial resources and conservation policy influence GME, high values of which only partially match species' joint patterns of limits to suitable climatic conditions. Populations at trailing climatic niche margins probably hold genetic diversity that is important for adaptation to changing climate. Our results illuminate the need in Europe for expanded investment in genetic monitoring across climate gradients occupied by focal species, a need arguably greatest in southeastern European countries. This need could be met in part by expanding the European Union's Birds and Habitats Directives to fully address the conservation and monitoring of genetic diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter B Pearman
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Leioa, Spain.
- IKERBASQUE Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain.
- BC3 Basque Center for Climate Change, Leioa, Spain.
| | - Olivier Broennimann
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, Biophore, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Institute of Earth Surface Dynamics, Geopolis, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Tsipe Aavik
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Tamer Albayrak
- Science and Art Faculty, Department of Biology, Lab of Ornithology, Burdur Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, Burdur, Turkey
| | - Paulo C Alves
- CIBIO-InBIO Laboratório Associado & Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências do Porto, Campus de Vairão, Universidade do Porto, Vairão, Portugal
- BIOPOLIS Program in Genomics, Biodiversity and Land Planning, CIBIO, Campus de Vairão, Universidade do Porto, Vairão, Portugal
- EBM, Estação Biológica de Mértola, Mértola, Portugal
| | - F A Aravanopoulos
- Faculty of Agriculture, Forest Science and Natural Environment, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Laura D Bertola
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Elena Buzan
- Faculty of Mathematics, Natural Sciences, and Information Technologies, University of Primorska, Koper, Slovenia
- Faculty of Environmental Protection, Velenje, Slovenia
| | | | - Mihajla Djan
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Ancuta Fedorca
- Department of Wildlife, National Institute for Research and Development in Forestry 'Marin Dracea', Brasov, Romania
- Department of Silviculture, Faculty of Silviculture and Forest Engineering, Transilvania University of Brasov, Brasov, Romania
| | - Angela P Fuentes-Pardo
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Barbara Fussi
- Bavarian Office for Forest Genetics, Teisendorf, Germany
| | - José A Godoy
- Doñana Biological Station (EBD-CSIC), Seville, Spain
| | - Felix Gugerli
- Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Sean Hoban
- Center for Tree Science, Morton Arboretum, Lisle, IL, USA
| | - Rolf Holderegger
- Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
- Department of Environmental Systems Sciences D-USYS, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | | | - Laura Iacolina
- Faculty of Mathematics, Natural Sciences and Information Technologies, Department of Biodiversity, University of Primorska, Koper, Slovenia
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Belma Kalamujic Stroil
- Institute for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Sarajevo, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Peter Klinga
- Faculty of Forestry, Technical University in Zvolen, Zvolen, Slovak Republic
- Department of Forest Ecology, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Maciej K Konopiński
- Institute of Nature Conservation, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland
| | | | - Linda Laikre
- Department of Zoology, Division of Population Genetics, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Margarida Lopes-Fernandes
- Centre for Research in Anthropology, Lisbon, Portugal
- Institute for Nature Conservation and Forests, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Barry John McMahon
- UCD School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Joachim Mergeay
- Research Institute for Nature and Forest, Geraardsbergen, Belgium
- Ecology, Evolution and Biodiversity Conservation, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Charalambos Neophytou
- Institute of Silviculture, Department of Forest and Soil Sciences, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU), Vienna, Austria
- Department of Forest Nature Conservation, Forest Research Institute Baden-Württemberg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Snæbjörn Pálsson
- Department of Biology, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Ivan Paz-Vinas
- Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Diana Posledovich
- Department of Zoology, Division of Population Genetics, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Craig R Primmer
- Faculty of Biological & Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Baruch Rinkevich
- Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research, National Institute of Oceanography, Haifa, Israel
| | - Barbora Rolečková
- Institute of Vertebrate Biology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Dainis Ruņģis
- Genetic Resource Centre, Latvian State Forest Research Institute 'Silava', Salaspils, Latvia
| | - Laura Schuerz
- Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Milomir Stefanovic
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Henrik Thurfjell
- Swedish Species Information Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Sabrina Träger
- Institute of Biology/Geobotany and Botanical Garden, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ivaylo N Tsvetkov
- Department of Forest Genetics, Physiology and Plantations, Forest Research Institute, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Nevena Velickovic
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Philippine Vergeer
- Plant Ecology and Nature Conservation Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Cristiano Vernesi
- Forest Ecology Unit, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all'Adige, Italy
| | - Carles Vilà
- Doñana Biological Station (EBD-CSIC), Seville, Spain
| | | | - Frank E Zachos
- Natural History Museum Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Genetics, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - Antoine Guisan
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, Biophore, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Institute of Earth Surface Dynamics, Geopolis, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Michael Bruford
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
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2
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Westergren M, Archambeau J, Bajc M, Damjanić R, Theraroz A, Kraigher H, Oddou-Muratorio S, González-Martínez SC. Low but significant evolutionary potential for growth, phenology and reproduction traits in European beech. Mol Ecol 2023. [PMID: 37962106 DOI: 10.1111/mec.17196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Local survival of forest tree populations under climate change depends on existing genetic variation and their adaptability to changing environments. Responses to selection were studied in European beech (Fagus sylvatica) under field conditions. A total of 1087 adult trees, seeds, 1-year-old seedlings and established multiyear saplings were genotyped with 16 nuSSRs. Adult trees were assessed for phenotypic traits related to growth, phenology and reproduction. Parentage and paternity analyses were used to estimate effective female and male fecundity as a proxy of fitness and showed that few parents contributed to successful regeneration. Selection gradients were estimated from the relationship between traits and fecundity, while heritability and evolvability were estimated using mixed models and the breeder's equation. Larger trees bearing more fruit and early male flowering had higher total fecundity, while trees with longer growth season had lower total fecundity (directional selection). Stabilizing selection on spring phenology was found for female fecundity, highlighting the role of late frosts as a selection driver. Selection gradients for other traits varied between measurement years and the offspring cohort used to estimate parental fecundity. Compared to other studies in natural populations, we found low to moderate heritability and evolvability for most traits. Response to selection was higher for growth than for budburst, leaf senescence or reproduction traits, reflecting more consistent selection gradients across years and sex functions, and higher phenotypic variability in the population. Our study provides empirical evidence suggesting that populations of long-lived organisms such as forest trees can adapt locally, even at short-time scales.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Marko Bajc
- Slovenian Forestry Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Rok Damjanić
- Slovenian Forestry Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | | | | | - Sylvie Oddou-Muratorio
- INRAE, URFM, Avignon, France
- INRAE, Univ. de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, E2S UPPA, ECOBIOP, Saint-Pée-sur-Nivelle, France
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3
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Neophytou C, Heer K, Milesi P, Peter M, Pyhäjärvi T, Westergren M, Rellstab C, Gugerli F. Genomics and adaptation in forest ecosystems. Tree Genet Genomes 2022; 18:12. [PMID: 35210985 PMCID: PMC8828617 DOI: 10.1007/s11295-022-01542-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Revised: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Rapid human-induced environmental changes like climate warming represent a challenge for forest ecosystems. Due to their biological complexity and the long generation time of their keystone tree species, genetic adaptation in these ecosystems might not be fast enough to keep track with conditions changing at such a fast pace. The study of adaptation to environmental change and its genetic mechanisms is therefore key for ensuring a sustainable support and management of forests. The 4-day conference of the European Research Group EvolTree (https://www.evoltree.eu) on the topic of "Genomics and Adaptation in Forest Ecosystems" brought together over 130 scientists to present and discuss the latest developments and findings in forest evolutionary research. Genomic studies in forest trees have long been hampered by the lack of high-quality genomics resources and affordable genotyping methods. This has dramatically changed in the last few years; the conference impressively showed how such tools are now being applied to study past demography, adaptation and interactions with associated organisms. Moreover, genomic studies are now finally also entering the world of conservation and forest management, for example by measuring the value or cost of interspecific hybridization and introgression, assessing the vulnerability of species and populations to future change, or accurately delineating evolutionary significant units. The newly launched conference series of EvolTree will hopefully play a key role in the exchange and synthesis of such important investigations. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11295-022-01542-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charalambos Neophytou
- Institute of Silviculture, Department of Forest and Soil Sciences, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU), Peter-Jordan-Str. 82, A-1190, Vienna, Austria
| | - Katrin Heer
- Albert-Ludwigs Universität Freiburg, Forest Genetics, Bertoldstraße 17, D-79098 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Pascal Milesi
- Department of Ecology and Genetics, Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 18D, SE 752 36 and ScilifeLab, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Martina Peter
- Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Zürcherstrasse 111, CH-8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Tanja Pyhäjärvi
- Department of Forest Sciences, University of Helsinki, Latokartanonkaari 7, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Christian Rellstab
- Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Zürcherstrasse 111, CH-8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Felix Gugerli
- Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Zürcherstrasse 111, CH-8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland
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Lapin K, Bacher S, Cech T, Damjanić R, Essl F, Georges FI, Hoch G, Kavčič A, Koltay A, Kostić S, Lukić I, Marinšek A, Nagy L, Agbaba SN, Oettel J, Orlović S, Poljaković-Pajnik L, Sallmannshofer M, Steinkellner M, Stojnic S, Westergren M, Zlatkovic M, Zolles A, de Groot M. Comparing environmental impacts of alien plants, insects and pathogens in protected riparian forests. NB 2021. [DOI: 10.3897/neobiota.69.71651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The prioritization of alien species according to the magnitude of their environmental impacts has become increasingly important for the management of invasive alien species. In this study, we applied the Environmental Impact Classification of Alien Taxa (EICAT) to classify alien taxa from three different taxonomic groups to facilitate the prioritisation of management actions for the threatened riparian forests of the Mura-Drava-Danube Biosphere Reserve, South East Europe. With local experts we collated a list of 198 alien species (115 plants, 45 insects, and 38 fungi) with populations reported in southeast European forest ecosystems and included them in the EICAT. We found impact reports for 114 species. Eleven of these species caused local extinctions of a native species, 35 led to a population decrease, 51 to a reduction in performance in at least one native species and for 17 alien species no effects on individual fitness of native species were detected. Fungi had significantly highest impact and were more likely to have information on their impacts reported. Competition and parasitism were the most important impact mechanisms of alien species. This study is, to our knowledge, the first application of EICAT to all known alien species of several taxonomic groups in a protected area. The impact rankings enabled to identify taxa that generally cause high impacts and to prioritize species for the management in protected areas according to their impact magnitudes. By following a standardized impact protocol, we identified several alien species causing high impacts that do not appear on any expert-based risk list, which are relevant for policymakers. Thus, we recommend that alien species be systematically screened to identify knowledge gaps and prioritize their management with respect to spatio-temporal trends in impact magnitudes.
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5
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Pötzelsberger E, Gossner MM, Beenken L, Gazda A, Petr M, Ylioja T, La Porta N, Avtzis DN, Bay E, De Groot M, Drenkhan R, Duduman ML, Enderle R, Georgieva M, Hietala AM, Hoppe B, Jactel H, Jarni K, Keren S, Keseru Z, Koprowski M, Kormuťák A, Lombardero MJ, Lukjanova A, Marozas V, Mauri E, Monteverdi MC, Nygaard PH, Ogris N, Olenici N, Orazio C, Perny B, Pinto G, Power M, Puchalka R, Ravn HP, Sevillano I, Stroheker S, Taylor P, Tsopelas P, Urban J, Voolma K, Westergren M, Witzell J, Zborovska O, Zlatkovic M. Biotic threats for 23 major non-native tree species in Europe. Sci Data 2021; 8:210. [PMID: 34362931 PMCID: PMC8346479 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-021-00961-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
For non-native tree species with an origin outside of Europe a detailed compilation of enemy species including the severity of their attack is lacking up to now. We collected information on native and non-native species attacking non-native trees, i.e. type, extent and time of first observation of damage for 23 important non-native trees in 27 European countries. Our database includes about 2300 synthesised attack records (synthesised per biotic threat, tree and country) from over 800 species. Insects (49%) and fungi (45%) are the main observed biotic threats, but also arachnids, bacteria including phytoplasmas, mammals, nematodes, plants and viruses have been recorded. This information will be valuable to identify patterns and drivers of attacks, and trees with a lower current health risk to be considered for planting. In addition, our database will provide a baseline to which future impacts on non-native tree species could be compared with and thus will allow to analyse temporal trends of impacts. Measurement(s) | area of attack of enemy species on non-native tree • intensity of attack of enemy species on non-native tree | Technology Type(s) | species identification • visual observation method | Factor Type(s) | plant health • country • species | Sample Characteristic - Organism | tree | Sample Characteristic - Environment | forested area | Sample Characteristic - Location | Europe |
Machine-accessible metadata file describing the reported data: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14345921
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Pötzelsberger
- Institute of Silviculture, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Peter-Jordan Str. 82, 1190, Wien, Austria. .,European Forest Institute, Platz der Vereinten Nationen 7, 53113, Bonn, Germany.
| | - Martin M Gossner
- Forest Entomology, Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Zürcherstrasse 111, 8903, Birmensdorf, Switzerland.,ETH Zurich, Department of Environmental Systems Science, Institute of Terrestrial Ecosystems, 8092, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ludwig Beenken
- Forest Protection, Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Zürcherstrasse 111, 8903, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Anna Gazda
- Faculty of Forestry, University of Agriculture, Al. 29 Listopada 46, 31-425, Kraków, Poland
| | - Michal Petr
- Forest Research, Forestry Commission, Northern Research Station, Roslin, EH25 9SY, Great Britain
| | - Tiina Ylioja
- Natural Resources Institute Finland, Luke, Latokartanonkaari 9, 00790, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Nicola La Porta
- FEM Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, Via E. Mach 1, 38010, San Michele all'Adige, Italy.,The EFI Project Centre on Mountain Forests MOUNTFOR, Via E. Mach 1, 38010, San Michele all'Adige, Italy
| | - Dimitrios N Avtzis
- Forest Research Institute, Hellenic Agricultural Organization Demeter, Vassilika, 57006, Greece
| | - Elodie Bay
- Walloon Public service (SPW), 23 av Maréchal Juin, 5030, Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Maarten De Groot
- Slovenian Forestry Institute, Vecna pot 2, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Rein Drenkhan
- Institute of Forestry and Rural Engineering, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Fr. R. Kreutzwaldi 5, 51006, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Mihai-Leonard Duduman
- Faculty of Forestry, "Ștefan cel Mare" University of Suceava, Universității Street 13, 720229, Suceava, Romania
| | - Rasmus Enderle
- Institute for Plant Protection in Horticulture and Forests, Julius Kuehn Institute (Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants), Messeweg 11/12, 38104, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Margarita Georgieva
- Department of Entomology, Phytopathologyy and Game fauna, Forest Research Institute - Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, St. Kliment Ohridski 132, 1756, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Ari M Hietala
- Department of Fungal Plant Pathology in Forestry, Agriculture and Horticulture, Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research (NIBIO), Innocamp Steinkjer, skolegata 22, 7713, Steinkjer, Norway
| | - Björn Hoppe
- Institute for National and International Plant Health, Julius Kuehn Institute (Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants), Messeweg 11/12, 38104, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Hervé Jactel
- Biodiversité, Gènes et Communautés (BioGeCo), French National Institute for Agriculture, Food, and Environment (INRAE), University Bordeaux, F-33610, Cestas, France
| | - Kristjan Jarni
- Department of Forestry and Renewable Forest Resources, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Vecna pot 83, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Srđan Keren
- Faculty of Forestry, University of Agriculture, Al. 29 Listopada 46, 31-425, Kraków, Poland.,Faculty of Forestry, University of Banja Luka, Bulevar vojvode Stepe Stepanovica 75A, 51000, Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Zsolt Keseru
- Forest Research Institute, National Agricultural Research and Innovation Centre, Farkassziget 3, H-4150, Püspökladány, Hungary
| | - Marcin Koprowski
- Department of Ecology and Biogeography, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Lwowska 1, PL-87-100, Toruń, Poland.,Centre for Climate Change Research, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Lwowska 1, PL-87-100, Toruń, Poland
| | - Andrej Kormuťák
- Institute of Plant Genetics and Biotechnology SAS, Akademicka 2, P. O. Box 39A, SK-950 07, Nitra, Slovakia
| | - María Josefa Lombardero
- Unidade de Xestión Ambiental e Forestal Sostible, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Campus de Lugo, 27002, Lugo, Spain
| | - Aljona Lukjanova
- Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics (NICPB), Akadeemia tee 23, 12618, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Vitas Marozas
- Faculty of Forest Science and Ecology, Agriculture Academy, Vytautas Magnus University, Studentu 11, Akademija, 53361, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Edurad Mauri
- Mediterranean Facility, European Forest Institute, Sant Pau Art Nouveau Site, Sant Antoni M. Claret 167, 08025, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria Cristina Monteverdi
- Centro di Ricerca Foreste e Legno, Council for agricultural research and analysis of the agricultural economy (CREA), Viale Santa Margherita, 80, 52100, Arezzo, Italy
| | - Per Holm Nygaard
- Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research (NIBIO), P.O. Box 115, NO-1431, Ås, Norway
| | - Nikica Ogris
- Slovenian Forestry Institute, Vecna pot 2, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Nicolai Olenici
- "Marin Drăcea" National Research-Development Institute in Forestry, Station Câmpulung Moldovenesc, Calea Bucovinei, 73bis, 725100, Câmpulung Moldovenesc, Romania
| | - Christophe Orazio
- EFI Atlantic, European Forest Institute, 69, Route de Arcachon, F-33610, Cestas, France.,IEFC Institut Européen de la Forêt Cultivée, 69, Route de Arcachon, F-33610, Cestas, France
| | - Bernhard Perny
- Department of Forest Protection, Austrian Federal Research Centre for Forests, Natural Hazards and Landscape (BFW), Seckendorff-Gudent-Weg 8, 1131, Vienna, Austria
| | - Glória Pinto
- Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM) & Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Michael Power
- Coillte Unit 27, Coillte Forest, Danville Business Park, Kilkenny, R95 YT95, Ireland
| | - Radoslaw Puchalka
- Department of Ecology and Biogeography, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Lwowska 1, PL-87-100, Toruń, Poland.,Centre for Climate Change Research, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Lwowska 1, PL-87-100, Toruń, Poland
| | - Hans Peter Ravn
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 23, DK-1958, Frederiksberg C., Germany
| | - Ignacio Sevillano
- UCD Forestry, School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, UCD Forestry, School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, D04 V1W8, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Sophie Stroheker
- Forest Protection, Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Zürcherstrasse 111, 8903, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Paul Taylor
- Forest Research, Forestry Commission, Northern Research Station, Roslin, Midlothian, EH25 9SY, Great Britain
| | - Panagiotis Tsopelas
- Institute of Mediterranean Forest Ecosystems, Hellenic Agricultural Organization "Demeter"-, Terma Alkmanos, 11528, Athens, Greece
| | - Josef Urban
- Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Mendel University, Zemědělská 3, 613 00, Brno, Czech Republic.,Siberian Federal University, Svobodnyy Ave, 79, 660041, Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - Kaljo Voolma
- Institute of Forestry and Rural Engineering, EstonianUniversity of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 5, 51006, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Marjana Westergren
- Walloon Public service (SPW), 23 av Maréchal Juin, 5030, Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Johanna Witzell
- Southern Swedish Forest Research Center, PO Box 49, SE-230 53, Alnarp, Sweden
| | - Olga Zborovska
- Polissya Branch, Ukrainian Research Institute of Forestry and Forest Melioration, Neskorenych st. 2, Dovzhik, Ukraine
| | - Milica Zlatkovic
- Institute of Lowland Forestry and Environment (ILFE), University of Novi Sad, Antona Cehova 13d, 21 000, Novi Sad, Serbia
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Brundu G, Pauchard A, Pyšek P, Pergl J, Bindewald AM, Brunori A, Canavan S, Campagnaro T, Celesti-Grapow L, Dechoum MDS, Dufour-Dror JM, Essl F, Flory SL, Genovesi P, Guarino F, Guangzhe L, Hulme PE, Jäger H, Kettle CJ, Krumm F, Langdon B, Lapin K, Lozano V, Le Roux JJ, Novoa A, Nuñez MA, Porté AJ, Silva JS, Schaffner U, Sitzia T, Tanner R, Tshidada N, Vítková M, Westergren M, Wilson JRU, Richardson DM. Global guidelines for the sustainable use of non-native trees to prevent tree invasions and mitigate their negative impacts. NB 2020. [DOI: 10.3897/neobiota.61.58380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Sustainably managed non-native trees deliver economic and societal benefits with limited risk of spread to adjoining areas. However, some plantations have launched invasions that cause substantial damage to biodiversity and ecosystem services, while others pose substantial threats of causing such impacts. The challenge is to maximise the benefits of non-native trees, while minimising negative impacts and preserving future benefits and options.
A workshop was held in 2019 to develop global guidelines for the sustainable use of non-native trees, using the Council of Europe – Bern Convention Code of Conduct on Invasive Alien Trees as a starting point.
The global guidelines consist of eight recommendations: 1) Use native trees, or non-invasive non-native trees, in preference to invasive non-native trees; 2) Be aware of and comply with international, national, and regional regulations concerning non-native trees; 3) Be aware of the risk of invasion and consider global change trends; 4) Design and adopt tailored practices for plantation site selection and silvicultural management; 5) Promote and implement early detection and rapid response programmes; 6) Design and adopt tailored practices for invasive non-native tree control, habitat restoration, and for dealing with highly modified ecosystems; 7) Engage with stakeholders on the risks posed by invasive non-native trees, the impacts caused, and the options for management; and 8) Develop and support global networks, collaborative research, and information sharing on native and non-native trees.
The global guidelines are a first step towards building global consensus on the precautions that should be taken when introducing and planting non-native trees. They are voluntary and are intended to complement statutory requirements under international and national legislation. The application of the global guidelines and the achievement of their goals will help to conserve forest biodiversity, ensure sustainable forestry, and contribute to the achievement of several Sustainable Development Goals of the United Nations linked with forest biodiversity.
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Ascoli D, Maringer J, Hacket-Pain A, Conedera M, Drobyshev I, Motta R, Cirolli M, Kantorowicz W, Zang C, Schueler S, Croisé L, Piussi P, Berretti R, Palaghianu C, Westergren M, Lageard JGA, Burkart A, Gehrig Bichsel R, Thomas PA, Beudert B, Övergaard R, Vacchiano G. Two centuries of masting data for European beech and Norway spruce across the European continent. Ecology 2017; 98:1473. [PMID: 28241388 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.1785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2016] [Revised: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Tree masting is one of the most intensively studied ecological processes. It affects nutrient fluxes of trees, regeneration dynamics in forests, animal population densities, and ultimately influences ecosystem services. Despite a large volume of research focused on masting, its evolutionary ecology, spatial and temporal variability, and environmental drivers are still matter of debate. Understanding the proximate and ultimate causes of masting at broad spatial and temporal scales will enable us to predict tree reproductive strategies and their response to changing environment. Here we provide broad spatial (distribution range-wide) and temporal (century) masting data for the two main masting tree species in Europe, European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) and Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) H. Karst.). We collected masting data from a total of 359 sources through an extensive literature review and from unpublished surveys. The data set has a total of 1,747 series and 18,348 yearly observations from 28 countries and covering a time span of years 1677-2016 and 1791-2016 for beech and spruce, respectively. For each record, the following information is available: identification code; species; year of observation; proxy of masting (flower, pollen, fruit, seed, dendrochronological reconstructions); statistical data type (ordinal, continuous); data value; unit of measurement (only in case of continuous data); geographical location (country, Nomenclature of Units for Territorial Statistics NUTS-1 level, municipality, coordinates); first and last record year and related length; type of data source (field survey, peer reviewed scientific literature, gray literature, personal observation); source identification code; date when data were added to the database; comments. To provide a ready-to-use masting index we harmonized ordinal data into five classes. Furthermore, we computed an additional field where continuous series with length >4 yr where converted into a five classes ordinal index. To our knowledge, this is the most comprehensive published database on species-specific masting behavior. It is useful to study spatial and temporal patterns of masting and its proximate and ultimate causes, to refine studies based on tree-ring chronologies, to understand dynamics of animal species and pests vectored by these animals affecting human health, and it may serve as calibration-validation data for dynamic forest models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Ascoli
- Dipartimento di Agraria, University of Naples Federico II, via Università 100, 80055, Portici, Napoli, Italy
| | - Janet Maringer
- Institute for Landscape Planning and Ecology, University of Stuttgart, Keplerstrasse 11, 70174, Stuttgart, Germany.,Insubric Research Group, Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, a Ramèl 18, 6593, Cadenazzo, Switzerland
| | - Andy Hacket-Pain
- Fitzwilliam College, Storeys Way, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,St Catherine's College, Manor Road, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Marco Conedera
- Insubric Research Group, Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, a Ramèl 18, 6593, Cadenazzo, Switzerland
| | - Igor Drobyshev
- Southern Swedish Forest Research Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 49, 230 53, Alnarp, Sweden.,Chaire Industrielle CRSNG-UQAT-UQAM en Aménagement Forestier Durable, Université du Québec en Abitibi-Témiscamingue (UQAT), 445 boulevard de l'Université, Rouyn-Noranda, Québec, J9X 5E4, Canada
| | - Renzo Motta
- Department of Agriculture, Forest and Food Sciences, University of Turin, Largo Braccini 2, 10095, Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Mara Cirolli
- Department of Agriculture, Forest and Food Sciences, University of Turin, Largo Braccini 2, 10095, Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Władysław Kantorowicz
- Department of Silviculture and Genetics of Forest Trees, Forest Research Institute, Sekocin Stary, Poland
| | - Christian Zang
- TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technische Universität München, Freising, Germany
| | - Silvio Schueler
- Department of Forest Genetics, Federal Research and Training Centre for Forests, Natural Hazards and Landscapes (BFW), Seckendorff-Gudent-Weg 8, 1131, Vienna, Austria
| | - Luc Croisé
- Département Recherche-Développement-Innovation, RENECOFOR, Office National des Forêts, Boulevard de Constance, 77300, Fontainebleau, France
| | | | - Roberta Berretti
- Department of Agriculture, Forest and Food Sciences, University of Turin, Largo Braccini 2, 10095, Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Ciprian Palaghianu
- Forestry Faculty, Applied Ecology Lab, Stefan cel Mare University of Suceava, Universitatii Street 13, Suceava, 720229, Romania
| | | | - Jonathan G A Lageard
- Division of Geography and Environmental Management, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Anton Burkart
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Disturbance Ecology, Züricherstrasse 111, 8903, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Regula Gehrig Bichsel
- Federal Department of Home Affairs FDHA, Federal Office of Meteorology and Climatology MeteoSwiss, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Peter A Thomas
- School of Life Sciences, Keele University, Newcastle under Lyme, United Kingdom
| | - Burkhard Beudert
- Nationalparkverwaltung Bayerischer Wald, Sachgebiet Naturschutz und Forschung, Freyunger Strasse 2, D-94481, Grafenau, Germany
| | - Rolf Övergaard
- Southern Swedish Forest Research Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 49, 230 53, Alnarp, Sweden
| | - Giorgio Vacchiano
- Department of Agriculture, Forest and Food Sciences, University of Turin, Largo Braccini 2, 10095, Grugliasco, Italy
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Fussi B, Westergren M, Aravanopoulos F, Baier R, Kavaliauskas D, Finzgar D, Alizoti P, Bozic G, Avramidou E, Konnert M, Kraigher H. Forest genetic monitoring: an overview of concepts and definitions. Environ Monit Assess 2016; 188:493. [PMID: 27473107 PMCID: PMC4967086 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-016-5489-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Safeguarding sustainability of forest ecosystems with their habitat variability and all their functions is of highest priority. Therefore, the long-term adaptability of forest ecosystems to a changing environment must be secured, e.g., through sustainable forest management. High adaptability is based on biological variation starting at the genetic level. Thus, the ultimate goal of the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) to halt the ongoing erosion of biological variation is of utmost importance for forest ecosystem functioning and sustainability. Monitoring of biological diversity over time is needed to detect changes that threaten these biological resources. Genetic variation, as an integral part of biological diversity, needs special attention, and its monitoring can ensure its effective conservation. We compare forest genetic monitoring to other biodiversity monitoring concepts. Forest genetic monitoring (FGM) enables early detection of potentially harmful changes of forest adaptability before these appear at higher biodiversity levels (e.g., species or ecosystem diversity) and can improve the sustainability of applied forest management practices and direct further research. Theoretical genetic monitoring concepts developed up to now need to be evaluated before being implemented on a national and international scale. This article provides an overview of FGM concepts and definitions, discusses their advantages and disadvantages, and provides a flow chart of the steps needed for the optimization and implementation of FGM. FGM is an important module of biodiversity monitoring, and we define an effective FGM scheme as consisting of an assessment of a forest population's capacity to survive, reproduce, and persist under rapid environmental changes on a long-term scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Fussi
- Bavarian Office for Forest Seeding and Planting, Forstamtsplatz 1, 83317, Teisendorf, Germany.
| | | | | | - Roland Baier
- Bavarian Office for Forest Seeding and Planting, Forstamtsplatz 1, 83317, Teisendorf, Germany
| | - Darius Kavaliauskas
- Bavarian Office for Forest Seeding and Planting, Forstamtsplatz 1, 83317, Teisendorf, Germany
| | - Domen Finzgar
- Slovenian Forestry Institute, Vecna pot 2, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Paraskevi Alizoti
- Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, University Campus, 541 24, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Gregor Bozic
- Slovenian Forestry Institute, Vecna pot 2, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Evangelia Avramidou
- Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, University Campus, 541 24, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Monika Konnert
- Bavarian Office for Forest Seeding and Planting, Forstamtsplatz 1, 83317, Teisendorf, Germany
| | - Hojka Kraigher
- Slovenian Forestry Institute, Vecna pot 2, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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9
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Lefèvre F, Koskela J, Hubert J, Kraigher H, Longauer R, Olrik DC, Schüler S, Bozzano M, Alizoti P, Bakys R, Baldwin C, Ballian D, Black-Samuelsson S, Bednarova D, Bordács S, Collin E, de Cuyper B, de Vries SMG, Eysteinsson T, Frýdl J, Haverkamp M, Ivankovic M, Konrad H, Koziol C, Maaten T, Notivol Paino E, Oztürk H, Pandeva ID, Parnuta G, Pilipovič A, Postolache D, Ryan C, Steffenrem A, Varela MC, Vessella F, Volosyanchuk RT, Westergren M, Wolter F, Yrjänä L, Zariŋa I. Dynamic conservation of forest genetic resources in 33 European countries. Conserv Biol 2013; 27:373-84. [PMID: 23240629 DOI: 10.1111/j.1523-1739.2012.01961.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2012] [Accepted: 08/23/2012] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Dynamic conservation of forest genetic resources (FGR) means maintaining the genetic diversity of trees within an evolutionary process and allowing generation turnover in the forest. We assessed the network of forests areas managed for the dynamic conservation of FGR (conservation units) across Europe (33 countries). On the basis of information available in the European Information System on FGR (EUFGIS Portal), species distribution maps, and environmental stratification of the continent, we developed ecogeographic indicators, a marginality index, and demographic indicators to assess and monitor forest conservation efforts. The pan-European network has 1967 conservation units, 2737 populations of target trees, and 86 species of target trees. We detected a poor coincidence between FGR conservation and other biodiversity conservation objectives within this network. We identified 2 complementary strategies: a species-oriented strategy in which national conservation networks are specifically designed for key target species and a site-oriented strategy in which multiple-target units include so-called secondary species conserved within a few sites. The network is highly unbalanced in terms of species representation, and 7 key target species are conserved in 60% of the conservation units. We performed specific gap analyses for 11 tree species, including assessment of ecogeographic, demographic, and genetic criteria. For each species, we identified gaps, particularly in the marginal parts of their distribution range, and found multiple redundant conservation units in other areas. The Mediterranean forests and to a lesser extent the boreal forests are underrepresented. Monitoring the conservation efficiency of each unit remains challenging; however, <2% of the conserved populations seem to be at risk of extinction. On the basis of our results, we recommend combining species-oriented and site-oriented strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- François Lefèvre
- INRA, Ecologie des Forêts Méditerranéenne, URF, Domaine St Paul, Site Agroparc, 84914 Avignon, France.
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10
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Skogsberg U, Hedner J, Carlsson G, Johnsson B, Westergren M. [Too large supplies in medicine cabinets of the elderly. Prescription- and discount-systems should be revised]. Lakartidningen 1996; 93:912, 915-6. [PMID: 8656798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- U Skogsberg
- Avd för klinisk farmakologi, Sahlgrenska sjukhuset, Göteborg
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