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Koppejan H, Beyrend G, Hameetman M, Abdelaal T, Toes REM, van Gaalen FA. Spondyloarthritis mass cytometry immuno-monitoring: a proof of concept study in the tight-control and treat-to target TiCoSpA trial. Clin Rheumatol 2023; 42:2387-2396. [PMID: 37306812 PMCID: PMC10412466 DOI: 10.1007/s10067-023-06637-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Mass cytometry (MC) immunoprofiling allows high-parameter phenotyping of immune cells. We set to investigate the potential of MC immuno-monitoring of axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA) patients enrolled in the Tight Control SpondyloArthritis (TiCoSpA) trial. METHODS Fresh, longitudinal PBMCs samples (baseline, 24, and 48 weeks) from 9 early, untreated axSpA patients and 7 HLA-B27+ controls were analyzed using a 35-marker panel. Data were subjected to HSNE dimension reduction and Gaussian mean shift clustering (Cytosplore), followed by Cytofast analysis. Linear discriminant analyzer (LDA), based on initial HSNE clustering, was applied onto week 24 and 48 samples. RESULTS Unsupervised analysis yielded a clear separation of baseline patients and controls including a significant difference in 9 T cell, B cell, and monocyte clusters (cl), indicating disrupted immune homeostasis. Decrease in disease activity (ASDAS score; median 1.7, range 0.6-3.2) from baseline to week 48 matched significant changes over time in five clusters: cl10 CD4 Tnai cells median 4.7 to 0.02%, cl37 CD4 Tem cells median 0.13 to 8.28%, cl8 CD4 Tcm cells median 3.2 to 0.02%, cl39 B cells median 0.12 to 2.56%, and cl5 CD38+ B cells median 2.52 to 0.64% (all p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS Our results showed that a decrease in disease activity in axSpA coincided with normalization of peripheral T- and B-cell frequency abnormalities. This proof of concept study shows the value of MC immuno-monitoring in clinical trials and longitudinal studies in axSpA. MC immunophenotyping on a larger, multi-center scale is likely to provide crucial new insights in the effect of anti-inflammatory treatment and thereby the pathogenesis of inflammatory rheumatic diseases. Key Points • Longitudinal immuno-monitoring of axSpA patients through mass cytometry indicates that normalization of immune cell compartments coincides with decrease in disease activity. • Our proof of concept study confirms the value of immune-monitoring utilizing mass cytometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hester Koppejan
- Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Center, PO box 9600 (Zone C1-R), Albinusdreef 2, 2233, ZA, Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Guillaume Beyrend
- Department of Immunology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Marjolijn Hameetman
- Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Center, PO box 9600 (Zone C1-R), Albinusdreef 2, 2233, ZA, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Flow Core Facility, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Tamim Abdelaal
- Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Faculty of Engineering, Systems and Biomedical Engineering Department, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
- Delft Bioinformatics Lab, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - René E M Toes
- Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Center, PO box 9600 (Zone C1-R), Albinusdreef 2, 2233, ZA, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Floris A van Gaalen
- Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Center, PO box 9600 (Zone C1-R), Albinusdreef 2, 2233, ZA, Leiden, The Netherlands
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van der Pan K, Khatri I, de Jager AL, Louis A, Kassem S, Naber BA, de Laat IF, Hameetman M, Comans SE, Orfao A, van Dongen JJ, Díez P, Teodosio C. Performance of spectral flow cytometry and mass cytometry for the study of innate myeloid cell populations. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1191992. [PMID: 37275858 PMCID: PMC10235610 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1191992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Monitoring of innate myeloid cells (IMC) is broadly applied in basic and translational research, as well as in diagnostic patient care. Due to their immunophenotypic heterogeneity and biological plasticity, analysis of IMC populations typically requires large panels of markers. Currently, two cytometry-based techniques allow for the simultaneous detection of ≥40 markers: spectral flow cytometry (SFC) and mass cytometry (MC). However, little is known about the comparability of SFC and MC in studying IMC populations. Methods We evaluated the performance of two SFC and MC panels, which contained 21 common markers, for the identification and subsetting of blood IMC populations. Based on unsupervised clustering analysis, we systematically identified 24 leukocyte populations, including 21 IMC subsets, regardless of the cytometry technique. Results Overall, comparable results were observed between the two technologies regarding the relative distribution of these cell populations and the staining resolution of individual markers (Pearson's ρ=0.99 and 0.55, respectively). However, minor differences were observed between the two techniques regarding intra-measurement variability (median coefficient of variation of 42.5% vs. 68.0% in SFC and MC, respectively; p<0.0001) and reproducibility, which were most likely due to the significantly longer acquisition times (median 16 min vs. 159 min) and lower recovery rates (median 53.1% vs. 26.8%) associated with SFC vs. MC. Discussion Altogether, our results show a good correlation between SFC and MC for the identification, enumeration and characterization of IMC in blood, based on large panels (>20) of antibody reagents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyra van der Pan
- Department of Immunology, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Indu Khatri
- Department of Immunology, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Anniek L. de Jager
- Department of Immunology, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Alesha Louis
- Department of Immunology, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Sara Kassem
- Department of Immunology, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Brigitta A.E. Naber
- Department of Immunology, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Inge F. de Laat
- Department of Immunology, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Marjolijn Hameetman
- Flow Cytometry Core Facility, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Suzanne E.T. Comans
- Department of Immunology, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Alberto Orfao
- Translational and Clinical Research Program, Cancer Research Center (IBMCC; University of Salamanca - CSIC), Cytometry Service, NUCLEUS, Department of Medicine, University of Salamanca and Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Jacques J.M. van Dongen
- Department of Immunology, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, Netherlands
- Translational and Clinical Research Program, Cancer Research Center (IBMCC; University of Salamanca - CSIC), Cytometry Service, NUCLEUS, Department of Medicine, University of Salamanca and Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Paula Díez
- Department of Immunology, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, Netherlands
- Sarcomas and Experimental Therapeutics Laboratory, Health Research Institute of Asturias (ISPA) and Asturias Central University Hospital (HUCA), Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - Cristina Teodosio
- Department of Immunology, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, Netherlands
- Translational and Clinical Research Program, Cancer Research Center (IBMCC; University of Salamanca - CSIC), Cytometry Service, NUCLEUS, Department of Medicine, University of Salamanca and Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
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Koppejan H, Hameetman M, Beyrend G, van Unen V, Kwekkeboom JC, van der Helm-van Mil AH, Toes REM, van Gaalen FA. Immunoprofiling of early, untreated rheumatoid arthritis using mass cytometry reveals an activated basophil subset inversely linked to ACPA status. Arthritis Res Ther 2021; 23:272. [PMID: 34715910 PMCID: PMC8555233 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-021-02630-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Autoantibody production is a hallmark of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Anti-citrullinated protein antibodies (ACPA) are highly disease-specific, and their presence is associated with more severe disease and poor prognosis compared to ACPA-negative patients. However, the immune cell composition associated with antibody-positive/negative disease is incompletely defined. Mass cytometry (MC) is a high-dimensional technique offering new possibilities in the determination of the immune cell composition in rheumatic diseases. Here, we set up a broad phenotyping panel to study the immune cell profile of early untreated RA to investigate if specific immune cell subsets are associated with ACPA+ versus ACPA− RA. Methods Freshly obtained PBMCs of early, untreated RA patients (8 ACPA+ and 7 ACPA−) were analysed using a 36-marker MC panel, including markers related to various immune lineages. Data were processed using Cytosplore for dimensional reduction (HSNE) and clustering. Groups were compared using Cytofast. A second validation cohort of cryopreserved PBMCs obtained from early RA patients (27 ACPA+ and 20 ACPA−) was used to confirm MC data by flow cytometry (FC). FC data were processed and analysed using both an unsupervised analysis pipeline and through manual gating. Results MC indicated no differences when comparing major immune lineages (i.e. monocytes, T and B cells), but highlighted two innate subsets: CD62L+ basophils (p = 0.33) and a subset of CD16− NK cells (p = 0.063). Although the NK cell subset did not replicate by FC, FC replication confirmed the difference in CD62L+ basophil frequency when comparing ACPA+ to ACPA− patients (mean 0.32% vs. 0.13%; p = 0.01). Conclusions Although no differences in major lineages were found between early ACPA+ and ACPA− RA, this study identified the reduced presence of activated basophils in ACPA-negative disease as compared to ACPA-positive disease and thereby provides the first evidence for a connection between activated basophils and ACPA status. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13075-021-02630-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Koppejan
- Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Center, PO box 9600 (Zone C1-R), Albinusdreef 2, 2233, ZA, Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - M Hameetman
- Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Center, PO box 9600 (Zone C1-R), Albinusdreef 2, 2233, ZA, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Flow Core Facility, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - G Beyrend
- Department of Immunology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - V van Unen
- Department of Immunology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Institute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - J C Kwekkeboom
- Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Center, PO box 9600 (Zone C1-R), Albinusdreef 2, 2233, ZA, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - A H van der Helm-van Mil
- Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Center, PO box 9600 (Zone C1-R), Albinusdreef 2, 2233, ZA, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - R E M Toes
- Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Center, PO box 9600 (Zone C1-R), Albinusdreef 2, 2233, ZA, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - F A van Gaalen
- Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Center, PO box 9600 (Zone C1-R), Albinusdreef 2, 2233, ZA, Leiden, The Netherlands
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Koppejan H, Jansen DTSL, Hameetman M, Thomas R, Toes REM, van Gaalen FA. Altered composition and phenotype of mucosal-associated invariant T cells in early untreated rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Res Ther 2019; 21:3. [PMID: 30611306 PMCID: PMC6321723 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-018-1799-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells are innate-like T cells that recognise bacterial metabolites presented by MHC class I-related protein 1 (MR1). Bacterial dysbiosis has been implicated in auto-inflammatory disease development. We investigated MAIT cells in early, untreated rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and spondyloarthritis (SpA) patients. Methods Blood and synovial fluid mononuclear cells obtained from patients (SpA/RA) and controls were stimulated with fixed Escherichia coli to provide MAIT ligand. Cells were analysed by flow cytometry and MAIT cells were identified by MR1-5-OP-RU tetramers. Synovial biopsies were studied by confocal microscopy. Results Peripheral and synovial CD3+ MR1-tet+ MAIT cell frequencies were comparable in all groups. MAIT cells were detected in RA and SpA synovium based on CD3, CD161 and Vα7.2 expression. Peripheral RA MAIT cells were mostly CD4+ (controls 8.3%, SpA 12.3%, RA 52.6%; p < 0.001) and CD161 expression was strongly reduced (control mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) = 2348, SpA MFI = 2219, RA MFI = 226; p < 0.001). MAIT cells were hyporesponsive, shown by minimal upregulation of CD25 and CD69 to E. coli stimulation (control, CD25 MFI = 177, CD69 MFI = 1307; SpA, CD25 MFI = 95, CD69 MFI = 1257; RA, CD25 MFI = 0, CD69 MFI = 467; p < 0.001 and p = 0.01 respectively). Conclusion In early untreated RA patients, the peripheral MAIT cell composition was altered, with reduced levels of CD161 expression, and cells were hyporesponsive to stimulation. MAIT cell dysfunction may provide a link between the microbiome and development of RA. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13075-018-1799-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hester Koppejan
- Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Center, PO Box 9600 (Zone C1-R), Albinusdreef 2, 2233 ZA, Leiden, the Netherlands.
| | - Diahann T S L Jansen
- Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia.,Department of Gastroenteroloy and Hepatology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Marjolijn Hameetman
- Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Center, PO Box 9600 (Zone C1-R), Albinusdreef 2, 2233 ZA, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Ranjeny Thomas
- Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
| | - Rene E M Toes
- Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Center, PO Box 9600 (Zone C1-R), Albinusdreef 2, 2233 ZA, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Floris A van Gaalen
- Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Center, PO Box 9600 (Zone C1-R), Albinusdreef 2, 2233 ZA, Leiden, the Netherlands
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Jansen DTSL, el Bannoudi H, Arens R, Habets KLL, Hameetman M, Huizinga TWJ, Stoop JN, Toes REM. Abatacept decreases disease activity in a absence of CD4(+) T cells in a collagen-induced arthritis model. Arthritis Res Ther 2015; 17:220. [PMID: 26290328 PMCID: PMC4545927 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-015-0731-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2015] [Accepted: 07/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Abatacept is a fusion protein of human cytotoxic T-lymphocyte–associated protein (CTLA)-4 and the Fc portion of human immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1). It is believed to be effective in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis by inhibiting costimulation of T cells via blocking CD28–B7 interactions as CTLA-4 binds to both B7.1 (CD80) and B7.2 (CD86). However, the interaction of CD28 with B7 molecules is crucial for activation of naive cells, whereas it is unclear whether the action of already activated CD4+ T cells, which are readily present in established disease, also depends on this interaction. The aim of this study was to determine whether the mode of action of abatacept depends solely on its ability to halt T cell activation in established disease. Methods Arthritis was induced in thymectomized male DBA/1 mice by immunisation with bovine collagen type II. The mice were subsequently depleted for CD4+ T cells. Abatacept or control treatment was started when 80 % of the mice showed signs of arthritis. Arthritis severity was monitored by clinical scoring of the paws, and anti-collagen antibody levels over time were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results Treatment with abatacept in the absence of CD4+ T cells resulted in lower disease activity. This was associated with decreasing levels of collagen-specific IgG1 and IgG2a antibodies, whereas the antibody levels in control or CD4+ T cell–depleted mice increased over time. Conclusions These results show that abatacept decreased disease activity in the absence of CD4+ T cells, indicating that the mode of action of abatacept in established arthritis does not depend entirely on its effects on CD4+ T cell activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diahann T S L Jansen
- Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Centre, PO Box 9600, 2300, RC, Leiden, the Netherlands.
| | - Hanane el Bannoudi
- Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Centre, PO Box 9600, 2300, RC, Leiden, the Netherlands.
| | - Ramon Arens
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Centre, PO Box 9600, 2300, RC, Leiden, the Netherlands.
| | - Kim L L Habets
- Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Centre, PO Box 9600, 2300, RC, Leiden, the Netherlands.
| | - Marjolijn Hameetman
- Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Centre, PO Box 9600, 2300, RC, Leiden, the Netherlands.
| | - Tom W J Huizinga
- Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Centre, PO Box 9600, 2300, RC, Leiden, the Netherlands.
| | - Jeroen N Stoop
- Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Centre, PO Box 9600, 2300, RC, Leiden, the Netherlands.
| | - René E M Toes
- Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Centre, PO Box 9600, 2300, RC, Leiden, the Netherlands.
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Jansen D, el Bannoudi H, Arens R, Habets K, Hameetman M, Huizinga T, Stoop J, Toes R. THU0046 Abatacept Decreases Disease Activity in the Absence of CD4+ T-Cells in the Collagen Induced Arthritis Model. Ann Rheum Dis 2015. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2015-eular.4012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Jansen DTSL, Hameetman M, van Bergen J, Huizinga TWJ, van der Heijde D, Toes REM, van Gaalen FA. IL-17-producing CD4+ T cells are increased in early, active axial spondyloarthritis including patients without imaging abnormalities. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2014; 54:728-35. [DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/keu382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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van Mierlo GJD, Scherer HU, Hameetman M, Morgan ME, Flierman R, Huizinga TWJ, Toes REM. Cutting edge: TNFR-shedding by CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells inhibits the induction of inflammatory mediators. J Immunol 2008; 180:2747-51. [PMID: 18292492 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.180.5.2747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CD4+CD25+ regulatory T (Treg) cells play an essential role in maintaining tolerance to self and nonself. In several models of T cell-mediated (auto) immunity, Treg cells exert protective effects by the inhibition of pathogenic T cell responses. In addition, Treg cells can modulate T cell-independent inflammation. We now show that CD4+CD25+ Treg cells are able to shed large amounts of TNFRII. This is paralleled by their ability to inhibit the action of TNF-alpha both in vitro and in vivo. In vivo, Treg cells suppressed IL-6 production in response to LPS injection in mice. In contrast, Treg cells from TNFRII-deficient mice were unable to do so despite their unhampered capacity to suppress T cell proliferation in a conventional in vitro suppression assay. Thus, shedding of TNFRII represents a novel mechanism by which Treg cells can inhibit the action of TNF, a pivotal cytokine driving inflammation.
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Flierman R, Westerhuis G, Hameetman M, van Duivenvoorde LM, van Hall T, van Laar JM, Fibbe WE, Toes REM. Targeting host B-cell immune responses by persistent donor NK-cell alloreactivity following nonmyeloablative allogeneic stem cell transplantation. Blood 2007; 109:5524-5. [PMID: 17554069 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2006-12-065144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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