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Salibian AA, Swerdlow MA, Kondra K, Patel KM. Extreme Limb Salvage: The Thin SCIP Flap for Distal Amputation Coverage in Highly Comorbid Patients. Plast Reconstr Surg 2023:00006534-990000000-02097. [PMID: 37647504 DOI: 10.1097/prs.0000000000011030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Limb length preservation is correlated with overall survival. Successful free flap coverage of fore-, mid- and hind-foot amputations can prevent more proximal below-knee amputations but is challenging in patients with multiple comorbidities. The thin superficial circumflex iliac artery perforator (SCIP) flap is well-suited for these patients as it provides thin, pliable tissue from a favorable donor site. METHODS A retrospective review of all patients with distal amputations requiring coverage with a thin SCIP flap between 2016 to 2022 was performed. Patient demographics, amputation levels, and wound characteristics as well as flap and microsurgery details were analyzed. The primary outcome was limb salvage. Secondary outcomes included partial flap necrosis, flap revision rate and additional postoperative complications. RESULTS Thirty-two patients (mean age 57.3) underwent reconstruction of fore-, mid- and hindfoot amputations with thin SCIP flaps (mean follow-up 36 months). Twenty-eight patients (87.5%) had diabetes, 27 (84.4%) had peripheral artery disease and 15 (46.9%) were dialysis-dependent. Average flap size was 59.5cm2 and average flap thickness was 5.7mm. Successful limb salvage was achieved in 27 patients (84.3%). Three cases (9.4%) had total flap loss. Twenty-one flaps (65.6%) had partial necrosis of which 12 (57.1%) healed with conservative management and seven (33.3 %) healed after late revision. CONCLUSION The thin SCIP flap is a useful option for coverage of distal pedal amputations in patients with significant comorbidities. Despite higher rates of partial flap necrosis, free flap reconstruction allowed for high rates of limb salvage in a challenging patient population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ara A Salibian
- Division of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, UC Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA
| | - Mark A Swerdlow
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Katelyn Kondra
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Ketan M Patel
- Division of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
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Huang J, Yeung AM, Armstrong DG, Battarbee AN, Cuadros J, Espinoza JC, Kleinberg S, Mathioudakis N, Swerdlow MA, Klonoff DC. Artificial Intelligence for Predicting and Diagnosing Complications of Diabetes. J Diabetes Sci Technol 2023; 17:224-238. [PMID: 36121302 PMCID: PMC9846408 DOI: 10.1177/19322968221124583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Artificial intelligence can use real-world data to create models capable of making predictions and medical diagnosis for diabetes and its complications. The aim of this commentary article is to provide a general perspective and present recent advances on how artificial intelligence can be applied to improve the prediction and diagnosis of six significant complications of diabetes including (1) gestational diabetes, (2) hypoglycemia in the hospital, (3) diabetic retinopathy, (4) diabetic foot ulcers, (5) diabetic peripheral neuropathy, and (6) diabetic nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - David G. Armstrong
- Keck School of Medicine, University of
Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ashley N. Battarbee
- Center for Women’s Reproductive Health,
The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Jorge Cuadros
- Meredith Morgan Optometric Eye Center,
University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Juan C. Espinoza
- Children’s Hospital Los Angeles,
University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Mark A. Swerdlow
- Keck School of Medicine, University of
Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - David C. Klonoff
- Diabetes Technology Society,
Burlingame, CA, USA
- Diabetes Research Institute,
Mills-Peninsula Medical Center, San Mateo, CA, USA
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Armstrong DG, Swerdlow MA, Armstrong AA, Conte MS, Padula WV, Bus SA. Five year mortality and direct costs of care for people with diabetic foot complications are comparable to cancer. J Foot Ankle Res 2020; 13:16. [PMID: 32209136 PMCID: PMC7092527 DOI: 10.1186/s13047-020-00383-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 313] [Impact Index Per Article: 78.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In 2007, we reported a summary of data comparing diabetic foot complications to cancer. The purpose of this brief report was to refresh this with the best available data as they currently exist. Since that time, more reports have emerged both on cancer mortality and mortality associated with diabetic foot ulcer (DFU), Charcot arthropathy, and diabetes-associated lower extremity amputation. METHODS We collected data reporting 5-year mortality from studies published following 2007 and calculated a pooled mean. We evaluated data from DFU, Charcot arthropathy and lower extremity amputation. We dichotomized high and low amputation as proximal and distal to the ankle, respectively. This was compared with cancer mortality as reported by the American Cancer Society and the National Cancer Institute. RESULTS Five year mortality for Charcot, DFU, minor and major amputations were 29.0, 30.5, 46.2 and 56.6%, respectively. This is compared to 9.0% for breast cancer and 80.0% for lung cancer. 5 year pooled mortality for all reported cancer was 31.0%. Direct costs of care for diabetes in general was $237 billion in 2017. This is compared to $80 billion for cancer in 2015. As up to one-third of the direct costs of care for diabetes may be attributed to the lower extremity, these are also readily comparable. CONCLUSION Diabetic lower extremity complications remain enormously burdensome. Most notably, DFU and LEA appear to be more than just a marker of poor health. They are independent risk factors associated with premature death. While advances continue to improve outcomes of care for people with DFU and amputation, efforts should be directed at primary prevention as well as those for patients in diabetic foot ulcer remission to maximize ulcer-free, hospital-free and activity-rich days.
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Affiliation(s)
- David G Armstrong
- Southwestern Academic Limb Salvage Alliance (SALSA), Department of Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA.
| | - Mark A Swerdlow
- Southwestern Academic Limb Salvage Alliance (SALSA), Department of Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Alexandria A Armstrong
- Southwestern Academic Limb Salvage Alliance (SALSA), Department of Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Michael S Conte
- Southwestern Academic Limb Salvage Alliance (SALSA), Department of Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - William V Padula
- Southwestern Academic Limb Salvage Alliance (SALSA), Department of Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Sicco A Bus
- Southwestern Academic Limb Salvage Alliance (SALSA), Department of Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA
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Kowalewski CAB, Shenasa F, Rodrigo M, Clopton P, Meckler G, Alhusseini MI, Swerdlow MA, Joshi V, Hossainy S, Zaman JAB, Baykaner T, Rogers AJ, Brachmann J, Miller JM, Krummen DE, Sauer WH, Peters NS, Wang PJ, Narayan SM. Interaction of Localized Drivers and Disorganized Activation in Persistent Atrial Fibrillation: Reconciling Putative Mechanisms Using Multiple Mapping Techniques. Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol 2019; 11:e005846. [PMID: 29884620 DOI: 10.1161/circep.117.005846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mechanisms for persistent atrial fibrillation (AF) are unclear. We hypothesized that putative AF drivers and disorganized zones may interact dynamically over short time scales. We studied this interaction over prolonged durations, focusing on regions where ablation terminates persistent AF using 2 mapping methods. METHODS We recruited 55 patients with persistent AF in whom ablation terminated AF prior to pulmonary vein isolation from a multicenter registry. AF was mapped globally using electrograms for 360±45 cycles using (1) a published phase method and (2) a commercial activation/phase method. RESULTS Patients were 62.2±9.7 years, 76% male. Sites of AF termination showed rotational/focal patterns by methods 1 and 2 (51/55 vs 55/55; P=0.13) in spatially conserved regions, yet fluctuated over time. Time points with no AF driver showed competing drivers elsewhere or disordered waves. Organized regions were detected for 61.6±23.9% and 70.6±20.6% of 1 minute per method (P=nonsignificant), confirmed by automatic phase tracking (P<0.05). To detect AF drivers with >90% sensitivity, 8 to 32 s of AF recordings were required depending on driver definition. CONCLUSIONS Sites at which persistent AF terminated by ablation show organized activation that fluctuate over time, because of collision from concurrent organized zones or fibrillatory waves, yet recur in conserved spatial regions. Results were similar by 2 mapping methods. This network of competing mechanisms should be reconciled with existing disorganized or driver mechanisms for AF, to improve clinical mapping and ablation of persistent AF. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT02997254.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher A B Kowalewski
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University, CA (C.A.B.K., F.S., M.R., P.C., G.M., M.I.A., M.A.S., V.J., J.A.B.Z., T.B., A.J.R., P.J.W., S.M.N.).,Department of Cardiology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Germany (C.A.B.K.)
| | - Fatemah Shenasa
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University, CA (C.A.B.K., F.S., M.R., P.C., G.M., M.I.A., M.A.S., V.J., J.A.B.Z., T.B., A.J.R., P.J.W., S.M.N.)
| | - Miguel Rodrigo
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University, CA (C.A.B.K., F.S., M.R., P.C., G.M., M.I.A., M.A.S., V.J., J.A.B.Z., T.B., A.J.R., P.J.W., S.M.N.)
| | - Paul Clopton
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University, CA (C.A.B.K., F.S., M.R., P.C., G.M., M.I.A., M.A.S., V.J., J.A.B.Z., T.B., A.J.R., P.J.W., S.M.N.)
| | - Gabriela Meckler
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University, CA (C.A.B.K., F.S., M.R., P.C., G.M., M.I.A., M.A.S., V.J., J.A.B.Z., T.B., A.J.R., P.J.W., S.M.N.)
| | - Mahmood I Alhusseini
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University, CA (C.A.B.K., F.S., M.R., P.C., G.M., M.I.A., M.A.S., V.J., J.A.B.Z., T.B., A.J.R., P.J.W., S.M.N.)
| | - Mark A Swerdlow
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University, CA (C.A.B.K., F.S., M.R., P.C., G.M., M.I.A., M.A.S., V.J., J.A.B.Z., T.B., A.J.R., P.J.W., S.M.N.)
| | - Vijay Joshi
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University, CA (C.A.B.K., F.S., M.R., P.C., G.M., M.I.A., M.A.S., V.J., J.A.B.Z., T.B., A.J.R., P.J.W., S.M.N.)
| | - Samir Hossainy
- Department of Engineering, University of California, Berkeley (S.H.)
| | - Junaid A B Zaman
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University, CA (C.A.B.K., F.S., M.R., P.C., G.M., M.I.A., M.A.S., V.J., J.A.B.Z., T.B., A.J.R., P.J.W., S.M.N.).,ElectroCardioMaths Programme, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom (J.A.B.Z., N.S.P.)
| | - Tina Baykaner
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University, CA (C.A.B.K., F.S., M.R., P.C., G.M., M.I.A., M.A.S., V.J., J.A.B.Z., T.B., A.J.R., P.J.W., S.M.N.)
| | - Albert J Rogers
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University, CA (C.A.B.K., F.S., M.R., P.C., G.M., M.I.A., M.A.S., V.J., J.A.B.Z., T.B., A.J.R., P.J.W., S.M.N.)
| | | | - John M Miller
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis (J.M.M.)
| | - David E Krummen
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego (D.E.K.)
| | - William H Sauer
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado, Denver (W.H.S.)
| | - Nicholas S Peters
- ElectroCardioMaths Programme, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom (J.A.B.Z., N.S.P.)
| | - Paul J Wang
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University, CA (C.A.B.K., F.S., M.R., P.C., G.M., M.I.A., M.A.S., V.J., J.A.B.Z., T.B., A.J.R., P.J.W., S.M.N.)
| | - Sanjiv M Narayan
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University, CA (C.A.B.K., F.S., M.R., P.C., G.M., M.I.A., M.A.S., V.J., J.A.B.Z., T.B., A.J.R., P.J.W., S.M.N.).
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