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Meinhardt C, Howland A, Ellersieck M, Scaboo A, Diers B, Mitchum MG. Resistance Gene Pyramiding and Rotation to Combat Widespread Soybean Cyst Nematode Virulence. Plant Dis 2021; 105:3238-3243. [PMID: 33449807 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-12-20-2556-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Soybean cyst nematode (SCN) is an important pathogen of soybean causing >$1 billion in yield losses annually in the United States. Planting SCN-resistant soybean cultivars is the primary management strategy. Resistance genes derived from the plant introduction (PI) 88788 (rhg1-b) and PI 548402 (Peking; rhg1-a and Rhg4) are the main types of resistance available in commercial cultivars. The PI 88788 rhg1-b resistance allele is found in the majority of SCN-resistant cultivars in the north central United States. The widespread use of PI 88788 rhg1-b has led to limited options for farmers to rotate resistance sources to manage SCN. Consequently, overreliance on a single type of resistance has resulted in the selection of SCN populations that have adapted to reproduce on these resistant cultivars. Here we evaluated the effectiveness of rotating soybean lines with different combinations of resistance genes to determine the best strategy for combating the widespread increase in virulent SCN and limit future nematode adaptation to resistant cultivars. Eight SCN populations were developed by continuous selection of a virulent SCN field population (Heterodera glycines [HG] type 1.2.5.7) on a single resistance source or in rotation with soybean pyramiding different resistance gene alleles derived from PI 88788 (rhg1-b), PI 437654 (rhg1-a and Rhg4), PI 468916 (cqSCN-006 and cqSCN-007), and PI 567516C (Chr10). SCN population densities were determined for eight generations. HG type tests were conducted after the eighth generation to evaluate population shifts. The continued use of rhg1-b or 006/007 had limited effectiveness for reducing SCN type 1.2.5.7 population density, whereas rotation to the use of rhg1-a/Rhg4 resistance significantly reduced SCN population density but selected for broader SCN virulence (HG type 1.2.3.5.6.7). A rotation of rhg1-a/Rhg4 with a pyramid of rhg1-b/006/007/Chr10 was the most effective combination at both reducing population density and minimizing selection pressure. Our results provide guidance for implementation of a strategic SCN resistance rotation plan to manage the widespread virulence on PI 88788 and sustain the future durability of SCN resistance genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clinton Meinhardt
- Division of Plant Sciences and Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211
| | - Amanda Howland
- Division of Plant Sciences and Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211
| | - Mark Ellersieck
- Agriculture Experiment Station Statistician, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211
| | - Andrew Scaboo
- Division of Plant Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211
| | - Brian Diers
- Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801
| | - Melissa G Mitchum
- Division of Plant Sciences and Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211
- Department of Plant Pathology and Institute of Plant Breeding, Genetics, and Genomics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602
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Kerns K, Sharif M, Zigo M, Xu W, Hamilton LE, Sutovsky M, Ellersieck M, Drobnis EZ, Bovin N, Oko R, Miller D, Sutovsky P. Sperm Cohort-Specific Zinc Signature Acquisition and Capacitation-Induced Zinc Flux Regulate Sperm-Oviduct and Sperm-Zona Pellucida Interactions. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21062121. [PMID: 32204514 PMCID: PMC7139966 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21062121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Building on our recent discovery of the zinc signature phenomenon present in boar, bull, and human spermatozoa, we have further characterized the role of zinc ions in the spermatozoa’s pathway to fertilization. In boar, the zinc signature differed between the three major boar ejaculate fractions, the initial pre-rich, the sperm-rich, and the post-sperm-rich fraction. These differences set in the sperm ejaculatory sequence establish two major sperm cohorts with marked differences in their sperm capacitation progress. On the subcellular level, we show that the capacitation-induced Zn-ion efflux allows for sperm release from oviductal glycans as analyzed with the oviductal epithelium mimicking glycan binding assay. Sperm zinc efflux also activates zinc-containing enzymes and proteases involved in sperm penetration of the zona pellucida, such as the inner acrosomal membrane matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP2). Both MMP2 and the 26S proteasome showed severely reduced activity in the presence of zinc ions, through studies using by gel zymography and the fluorogenic substrates, respectively. In the context of the fertilization-induced oocyte zinc spark and the ensuing oocyte-issued polyspermy-blocking zinc shield, the inhibitory effect of zinc on sperm-borne enzymes may contribute to the fast block of polyspermy. Altogether, our findings establish a new paradigm on the role of zinc ions in sperm function and pave the way for the optimization of animal semen analysis, artificial insemination (AI), and human male-factor infertility diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karl Kerns
- Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211-5300, USA; (K.K.); (M.Z.); (L.E.H.); (M.S.); (M.E.)
| | - Momal Sharif
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; (M.S.); (D.M.)
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Michal Zigo
- Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211-5300, USA; (K.K.); (M.Z.); (L.E.H.); (M.S.); (M.E.)
| | - Wei Xu
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON K7L 3 N6, Canada; (W.X.); (R.O.)
| | - Lauren E. Hamilton
- Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211-5300, USA; (K.K.); (M.Z.); (L.E.H.); (M.S.); (M.E.)
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON K7L 3 N6, Canada; (W.X.); (R.O.)
| | - Miriam Sutovsky
- Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211-5300, USA; (K.K.); (M.Z.); (L.E.H.); (M.S.); (M.E.)
| | - Mark Ellersieck
- Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211-5300, USA; (K.K.); (M.Z.); (L.E.H.); (M.S.); (M.E.)
| | - Erma Z. Drobnis
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Women’s Health, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211-5300, USA;
| | - Nicolai Bovin
- Shemyakin Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Moscow 117997, Russia;
| | - Richard Oko
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON K7L 3 N6, Canada; (W.X.); (R.O.)
| | - David Miller
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; (M.S.); (D.M.)
| | - Peter Sutovsky
- Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211-5300, USA; (K.K.); (M.Z.); (L.E.H.); (M.S.); (M.E.)
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Women’s Health, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211-5300, USA;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-573-882-3329
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Knickmeyer E, Thomas J, Locke J, Bonacker R, Ellersieck M, Poock S, Patterson D. 129 Split-time artificial insemination improves estrous response and pregnancy rates following administration of the MGA-PG protocol to synchronize estrus in beef heifers. J Anim Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/jas/sky404.760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- E Knickmeyer
- University of Missouri,Columbia, MO, United States
| | - J Thomas
- University of Missouri,Columbia, MO, United States
| | - J Locke
- University of Missouri,Columbia, MO, United States
| | - R Bonacker
- University of Missouri,Columbia, MO, United States
| | - M Ellersieck
- University of Missouri,Columbia, MO, United States
| | - S Poock
- University of Missouri,Columbia, MO, United States
| | - D Patterson
- University of Missouri,Columbia, MO, United States
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Locke J, Thomas J, Knickmeyer E, Ellersieck M, Yelich J, Poock S, Smith M, Patterson D. 127 Comparison of long-term progestin-based protocols to synchronize estrus prior to fixed-time artificial insemination or natural service in Bos indicus-influenced beef heifers. J Anim Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/jas/sky404.758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- J Locke
- University of Missouri,Columbia, MO, United States
| | - J Thomas
- University of Missouri,Columbia, MO, United States
| | - E Knickmeyer
- University of Missouri,Columbia, MO, United States
| | - M Ellersieck
- University of Missouri,Columbia, MO, United States
| | - J Yelich
- University of Florida,Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - S Poock
- University of Missouri,Columbia, MO, United States
| | - M Smith
- University of Missouri,Columbia, MO, United States
| | - D Patterson
- University of Missouri,Columbia, MO, United States
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Lawler DF, Evans RH, Chase K, Ellersieck M, Li Q, Larson BT, Satyaraj E, Heininger K. The aging feline kidney: A model mortality antagonist? J Feline Med Surg 2016; 8:363-71. [PMID: 17092751 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfms.2006.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/07/2006] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Traditional thinking views apparently non-programmed disruptions of aging, which medical science calls geriatric diseases, as separate from ‘less harmful’ morphological and physiological aging phenotypes that are more universally expected with passage of time (loss of skin elasticity, graying of hair coat, weight gain, increased sleep time, behavioral changes, etc). Late-life disease phenotypes, especially those involving chronic processes, frequently are complex and very energy-expensive. A non-programmed process of homeostatic disruption leading into a death trajectory seems inconsistent with energy intensive processes. That is, evolutionary mechanisms do not favor complex and prolonged energy investment in death. Taking a different view, the naturally occurring feline ( Felis silvestris catus) renal model suggests that at least some diseases of late life represent only the point of failure in essentially survival-driven adaptive processes. In the feline renal model, individuals that succumbed to failure most frequently displayed progressive tubular deletion and peritubular interstitial fibrosis, but had longer mean life span than cats that died from other causes. Additionally, among cats that died from non-renal causes, those that had degrees of renal tubular deletion and peritubular interstitial fibrosis also had longer mean life span than those cats with no changes, even though causes of death differed minimally between these latter two groups. The data indicate that selective tubular deletion very frequently begins early in adult life, without a clear initiating phase or event. The observations support a hypothesis that this prolonged process may be intrinsic and protective prior to an ultimate point of failure. Moreover, given the genetic complexity and the interplay with associated risk factors, existing data also do not support the ideas that these changes are simple compensatory responses and that breed- or strain-based ‘default’ diseases are inevitable results of increasing individual longevity. Emerging molecular technology offers the future potential to further evaluate and refine these observations. At present, the existence of plastic and adaptive aging programming is suggested by these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis F Lawler
- Nestle Research Center St. Louis, Nestle Purina PetCare Company, 2 Research South, St. Louis, MO 63164, USA.
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Villamil JA, Henry CJ, Bryan JN, Ellersieck M, Schultz L, Tyler JW, Hahn AW. Identification of the most common cutaneous neoplasms in dogs and evaluation of breed and age distributions for selected neoplasms. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2012; 239:960-5. [PMID: 21961635 DOI: 10.2460/javma.239.7.960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE-To identify the most common cutaneous neoplasms in dogs and evaluate breed and age distributions for selected neoplasms. DESIGN-Retrospective epidemiological study. SAMPLE-Records available through the Veterinary Medical Database of dogs examined at veterinary teaching hospitals in North America between 1964 and 2002. PROCEDURES-Information on tumor type and patient breed and age was collected. Incidence and odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals were calculated. RESULTS-Records of 1,139,616 dogs were reviewed. Cutaneous neoplasms were diagnosed in 25,996 of these dogs; records for the remaining 1,113,620 dogs did not indicate that cutaneous neoplasms had been diagnosed, and these dogs were considered controls. The most frequent age range for dogs with cutaneous neoplasms was 10 to 15 years. Lipoma, adenoma, and mast cell tumor were the most common skin tumor types. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE-Results supported previously reported data regarding cutaneous neoplasia in dogs but provided updated information on the most common skin tumors and on age and breed distributions.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Armando Villamil
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
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Gutierrez-Gonzalez JJ, Vuong TD, Zhong R, Yu O, Lee JD, Shannon G, Ellersieck M, Nguyen HT, Sleper DA. Major locus and other novel additive and epistatic loci involved in modulation of isoflavone concentration in soybean seeds. Theor Appl Genet 2011; 123:1375-85. [PMID: 21850478 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-011-1673-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2011] [Accepted: 07/26/2011] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Seeds of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] accumulate more isoflavones than any tissue of any plant species. In other plant parts, isoflavones are usually released to counteract the effects of various biotic and abiotic stresses. Because of the benefits to the plant and positive implications that consumption may have on human health, increasing isoflavones is a goal of many soybean breeding programs. However, altering isoflavone levels through marker-assisted selection (MAS) has been impractical due to the small and often environmentally variable contributions that each individual quantitative trait locus (QTL) has on total isoflavones. In this study, we developed a Magellan × PI 437654 F(7)-RIL population to construct a highly saturated non-redundant linkage map that encompassed 451 SNP and SSR molecular markers and used it to locate genomic regions that govern accumulation of isoflavones in the seeds of soybean. Five QTLs were found that contribute to the concentration of isoflavones, having single or multiple additive effects on isoflavone component traits. We also validated a major locus which alone accounted for up to 10% of the phenotypic variance for glycitein, and 35-37% for genistein, daidzein and the sum of all three soybean isoflavones. This QTL was consistently associated with increased concentration of isoflavones across different locations, years and crosses. It was the most important QTL in terms of net increased amounts of all isoflavone forms. Our results suggest that this locus would be an excellent candidate to target for MAS. Also, several minor QTLs were identified that interacted in an additive-by-additive epistatic manner, to increase isoflavone concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan J Gutierrez-Gonzalez
- Division of Plant Sciences and National Center for Soybean Biotechnology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
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Warzak DA, Jasarevic E, Sieli PT, Ellersieck M, Rosenfeld CS. Can a Post-Weaning Methyl Enriched Diet Alleviate Obesity and Hyperglycemia in Viable Yellow Mice? Biol Reprod 2011. [DOI: 10.1093/biolreprod/85.s1.614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Meihls LN, Higdon ML, Ellersieck M, Hibbard BE. Selection for resistance to mCry3A-expressing transgenic corn in western corn rootworm. J Econ Entomol 2011; 104:1045-1054. [PMID: 21735928 DOI: 10.1603/ec10320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
To investigate the development of resistance to mCry3A, a laboratory colony of the western corn rootworm, Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte, was established from field survivors of mCry3A-expressing (MIR604) corn, Zea mays L. Feral adults emerging from MIR604 (selected) and isoline (control) field plots were collected and returned to the laboratory. Progeny of each colony was reared one generation on isoline corn and then crossed reciprocally with a nondiapausing colony. The resulting nondiapausing progeny were then reared on greenhouse corn in accordance with the wild type parent's origin (on MIR604 or isoline corn). After four, seven, and 10 total generations of selection, the resistance ratio of the selected colony was 0.5, 4.3, and 15.4 in terms of lethal concentration (LC)50 values in toxicity assays, with the latter two LC50 values being significant. After seven generations of selection in total, selected and control colonies were screened on MIR604 and isoline corn under field conditions. There was a significant colony x corn pedigree interaction in terms of plant damage. There was no significant difference in damage between MIR604 and isoline corn, whereas this difference was significant for the control colony. After 14 generations of selection, a seedling bioassay was performed. Again, there was a significant colony x corn pedigree interaction, this time in terms of the number of larvae recovered. There was no significant difference in the number of larvae recovered from MIR604 and isoline corn for the selected colony, whereas this difference was significant for the control colony, although larval size was greater on isoline corn for both colonies. Resistance has developed in western corn rootworm laboratory colonies to all Bt proteins currently registered for corn rootworm management, which emphasizes the importance of adhering to resistance management plans for maintaining product efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa N Meihls
- Division of Plant Science, 205 Curtis Hall, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
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Gutierrez-Gonzalez JJ, Wu X, Gillman JD, Lee JD, Zhong R, Yu O, Shannon G, Ellersieck M, Nguyen HT, Sleper DA. Intricate environment-modulated genetic networks control isoflavone accumulation in soybean seeds. BMC Plant Biol 2010; 10:105. [PMID: 20540761 PMCID: PMC3224685 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2229-10-105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2009] [Accepted: 06/11/2010] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Soybean (Glycine max [L] Merr.) seed isoflavones have long been considered a desirable trait to target in selection programs for their contribution to human health and plant defense systems. However, attempts to modify seed isoflavone contents have not always produced the expected results because their genetic basis is polygenic and complex. Undoubtedly, the extreme variability that seed isoflavones display over environments has obscured our understanding of the genetics involved. RESULTS In this study, a mapping population of RILs with three replicates was analyzed in four different environments (two locations over two years). We found a total of thirty-five main-effect genomic regions and many epistatic interactions controlling genistein, daidzein, glycitein and total isoflavone accumulation in seeds. The use of distinct environments permitted detection of a great number of environment-modulated and minor-effect QTL. Our findings suggest that isoflavone seed concentration is controlled by a complex network of multiple minor-effect loci interconnected by a dense epistatic map of interactions. The magnitude and significance of the effects of many of the nodes and connections in the network varied depending on the environmental conditions. In an attempt to unravel the genetic architecture underlying the traits studied, we searched on a genome-wide scale for genomic regions homologous to the most important identified isoflavone biosynthetic genes. We identified putative candidate genes for several of the main-effect and epistatic QTL and for QTL reported by other groups. CONCLUSIONS To better understand the underlying genetics of isoflavone accumulation, we performed a large scale analysis to identify genomic regions associated with isoflavone concentrations. We not only identified a number of such regions, but also found that they can interact with one another and with the environment to form a complex adaptable network controlling seed isoflavone levels. We also found putative candidate genes in several regions and overall we advanced the knowledge of the genetics underlying isoflavone synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan J Gutierrez-Gonzalez
- Division of Plant Sciences and National Center for Soybean Biotechnology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
- USDA-ARS Plant Science Research Unit and University of Minnesota, St Paul, Minnesota 55108, USA
| | - Xiaolei Wu
- Division of Plant Sciences and National Center for Soybean Biotechnology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Jason D Gillman
- USDA-ARS, 108 Waters Hall, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Jeong-Dong Lee
- Division of Plant Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Rui Zhong
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, 975 North Warson Road, Saint Louis, MO 63132, USA
| | - Oliver Yu
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, 975 North Warson Road, Saint Louis, MO 63132, USA
| | - Grover Shannon
- Division of Plant Sciences and National Center for Soybean Biotechnology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Mark Ellersieck
- Department of Statistics, University of Missouri, 146 Middlebush Hall, Columbia, MO 65211 USA
| | - Henry T Nguyen
- Division of Plant Sciences and National Center for Soybean Biotechnology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - David A Sleper
- Division of Plant Sciences and National Center for Soybean Biotechnology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
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Gutierrez-Gonzalez JJ, Wu X, Zhang J, Lee JD, Ellersieck M, Shannon JG, Yu O, Nguyen HT, Sleper DA. Genetic control of soybean seed isoflavone content: importance of statistical model and epistasis in complex traits. Theor Appl Genet 2009; 119:1069-83. [PMID: 19626310 PMCID: PMC2755750 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-009-1109-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2009] [Accepted: 06/25/2009] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
A major objective for geneticists is to decipher genetic architecture of traits associated with agronomic importance. However, a majority of such traits are complex, and their genetic dissection has been traditionally hampered not only by the number of minor-effect quantitative trait loci (QTL) but also by genome-wide interacting loci with little or no individual effect. Soybean (Glycine max [L.] Merr.) seed isoflavonoids display a broad range of variation, even in genetically stabilized lines that grow in a fixed environment, because their synthesis and accumulation are affected by many biotic and abiotic factors. Due to this complexity, isoflavone QTL mapping has often produced conflicting results especially with variable growing conditions. Herein, we comparatively mapped soybean seed isoflavones genistein, daidzein, and glycitein by using several of the most commonly used mapping approaches: interval mapping, composite interval mapping, multiple interval mapping and a mixed-model based composite interval mapping. In total, 26 QTLs, including many novel regions, were found bearing additive main effects in a population of RILs derived from the cross between Essex and PI 437654. Our comparative approach demonstrates that statistical mapping methodologies are crucial for QTL discovery in complex traits. Despite a previous understanding of the influence of additive QTL on isoflavone production, the role of epistasis is not well established. Results indicate that epistasis, although largely dependent on the environment, is a very important genetic component underlying seed isoflavone content, and suggest epistasis as a key factor causing the observed phenotypic variability of these traits in diverse environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Jose Gutierrez-Gonzalez
- Division of Plant Sciences, National Center for Soybean Biotechnology, University of Missouri, Life Sciences Building, Columbia, MO 65201 USA
| | - Xiaolei Wu
- Division of Plant Sciences, National Center for Soybean Biotechnology, University of Missouri, Life Sciences Building, Columbia, MO 65201 USA
| | - Juan Zhang
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, 975 North Warson Road, Saint Louis, MO 63132 USA
| | - Jeong-Dong Lee
- Division of Plant Sciences, National Center for Soybean Biotechnology, University of Missouri, Life Sciences Building, Columbia, MO 65201 USA
| | - Mark Ellersieck
- Department of Statistics, University of Missouri, 146 Middlebush Hall, Columbia, MO 65211 USA
| | - J. Grover Shannon
- Division of Plant Sciences, National Center for Soybean Biotechnology, University of Missouri, Life Sciences Building, Columbia, MO 65201 USA
| | - Oliver Yu
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, 975 North Warson Road, Saint Louis, MO 63132 USA
| | - Henry T. Nguyen
- Division of Plant Sciences, National Center for Soybean Biotechnology, University of Missouri, Life Sciences Building, Columbia, MO 65201 USA
| | - David A. Sleper
- Division of Plant Sciences, National Center for Soybean Biotechnology, University of Missouri, Life Sciences Building, Columbia, MO 65201 USA
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An S, Wang S, Gilbert LI, Beerntsen B, Ellersieck M, Song Q. Global identification of bursicon-regulated genes in Drosophila melanogaster. BMC Genomics 2008; 9:424. [PMID: 18801173 PMCID: PMC2566319 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-9-424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2008] [Accepted: 09/18/2008] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Bursicon is a heterodimer neuropeptide responsible for regulating cuticle sclerotization and wing expansion in several insect species. Recent studies indicate that the action of bursicon is mediated by a specific G protein-coupled receptor DLGR2 and the cAMP/PKA signaling pathway. However, little is known regarding the genes that are regulated by bursicon. The identification of bursicon-regulated genes is the focus of this investigation. Results We used DNA microarray analysis to identify bursicon-regulated genes in neck-ligated flies (Drosophila melanogaster) that received recombinant bursicon (r-bursicon). Fifty four genes were found to be regulated by bursicon 1 h post r-bursicon injection, 52 being up-regulated and 2 down-regulated while 33 genes were influenced by r-bursicon 3 h post-injection (24 up-regulated and 9 down-regulated genes). Analysis of these genes by inference from the fly database revealed that these genes encode proteins with diverse functions, including cell signaling, gene transcription, DNA/RNA binding, ion trafficking, proteolysis-peptidolysis, metabolism, cytoskeleton formation, immune response and cell-adhesion. Twenty eight genes randomly selected from the microarray-identified list were verified by real time PCR (qPCR) which supported the microarray data. Temporal response studies of 13 identified and verified genes by qPCR revealed that the temporal expression patterns of these genes are consistent with the microarray data. Conclusion Using r-bursicon, we identified 87 genes that are regulated by bursicon, 30 of which have no previously known function. Most importantly, all genes randomly selected from the microarray-identified list were verified by real time PCR. Temporal analysis of 13 verified genes revealed that the expression of these genes was indeed induced by bursicon and correlated well with the cuticle sclerotization process. The composite data suggest that these genes play important roles in regulating the cuticle sclerotization and wing expansion processes. The data obtained here will form the basis for future studies aimed at elucidating the exact mechanisms upstream from the secretion of bursicon and its binding to target cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiheng An
- Division of Plant Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA.
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Hinck JE, Blazer VS, Denslow ND, Echols KR, Gale RW, Wieser C, May TW, Ellersieck M, Coyle JJ, Tillitt DE. Chemical contaminants, health indicators, and reproductive biomarker responses in fish from rivers in the Southeastern United States. Sci Total Environ 2008; 390:538-57. [PMID: 18036634 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2007.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2007] [Revised: 09/24/2007] [Accepted: 10/11/2007] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) and common carp (Cyprinus carpio) were collected from 13 sites located in the Mobile (MRB), Apalachicola-Flint-Chattahoochee (ARB), Savannah (SRB), and Pee Dee (PRB) River Basins to document spatial trends in accumulative chemical contaminants, health indicators, and reproductive biomarkers. Organochlorine residues, 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin-like activity (TCDD-EQ), and elemental contaminants were measured in composite samples of whole fish, grouped by species and gender, from each site. Mercury (Hg) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) were the primary contaminants of concern. Concentrations of Hg in bass samples from all basins exceeded toxicity thresholds for piscivorous mammals (>0.1 microg/g ww), juvenile and adult fish (>0.2 microg/g ww), and piscivorous birds (>0.3 microg/g ww). Total PCB concentrations in samples from the MRB, ARB, and PRB were >480 ng/g ww and may be a risk to piscivorous wildlife. Selenium concentrations also exceeded toxicity thresholds (>0.75 microg/g ww) in MRB and ARB fish. Concentrations of other formerly used (total chlordanes, dieldrin, endrin, aldrin, mirex, and hexachlorobenzene) and currently used (pentachlorobenzene, pentachloroanisole, dacthal, endosulfan, gamma-hexachlorocyclohexane, and methoxychlor) organochlorine residues were generally low or did not exceed toxicity thresholds for fish and piscivorous wildlife. TCDD-EQs exceeded wildlife dietary guidelines (>5 pg/g ww) in MRB and PRB fish. Hepatic ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase (EROD) activity was generally greatest in MRB bass and carp. Altered fish health indicators and reproductive biomarker were noted in individual fish, but mean responses were similar among basins. The field necropsy and histopathological examination determined that MRB fish were generally in poorer health than those from the other basins, primarily due to parasitic infestations. Tumors were found in few fish (n=5; 0.01%); ovarian tumors of smooth muscle origin were found in two ARB carp from the same site. Intersex gonads were identified in 47 male bass (42%) representing 12 sites and may indicate exposure to potential endocrine disrupting compounds. Comparatively high vitellogenin concentrations (>0.35 mg/mL) in male fish from the MRB, SRB, and PRB indicate exposure to estrogenic or anti-androgenic chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jo Ellen Hinck
- U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), Columbia Environmental Research Center (CERC), 4200 New Haven Rd., Columbia, MO 65201, USA.
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14
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Alexenko A, Davis A, Schlanker S, Rosenfeld C, Ellersieck M, Roberts RM. CONTRASTING EFFECTS OF AD LIBITUM AND RESTRICTED FEEDING OF A DIET HIGH IN SATURATED FAT ON THE SEX RATIO OF PUPS BORN TO MATURE NIH SWISS MICE. Biol Reprod 2007. [DOI: 10.1093/biolreprod/77.s1.132b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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15
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Abstract
The net energy of lactation (NEL) concentration of forages is important for formulating diets. The equations presently used to estimate NEL of alfalfa are based on limited data. Our objective was to determine whether a larger database would provide more relevant equations. One hundred eighty samples of alfalfa were taken over four cuttings and 2 yr, combined into 45 composites and analyzed for neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber (ADF), and in vitro true digestibility. Finally, NEL values were estimated using neutral detergent fiber and in vitro true digestibility. Prediction equations were obtained by regressing NEL upon ADF concentration. Changes in NEL with age of alfalfa at harvest differed with year and cutting. Estimation of NEL would be more accurate with equations specific for cutting and year, but such an approach would be difficult to use in practice. When data were pooled across years, four cutting-specific equations were obtained; these had different intercepts and slopes and gave different NEL values for a given ADF content. Differences among estimates of NEL increased as ADF increased. Data were combined across years and cuttings to give an overall equation that was similar to published prediction equations. Compared with NEL values from the cutting-specific equations, the overall equation underestimated NEL for first cutting alfalfa and overestimated NEL of second cutting alfalfa. A lack of precision in estimating NEL could equate to 1.5 to 2.5 kg of milk/d. Cutting specific equations should be used to estimate the NEL of first- and second-cutting alfalfa; NEL of the third and fourth cuttings could be estimated using an overall equation.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Belyea
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia 65211, USA
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16
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Jones SB, King LB, Sappington LC, Dwyer FJ, Ellersieck M, Buckler DR. Effects of carbaryl, permethrin, 4-nonylphenol, and copper on muscarinic cholinergic receptors in brain of surrogate and listed fish species. Comp Biochem Physiol C Pharmacol Toxicol Endocrinol 1998; 120:405-14. [PMID: 9827057 DOI: 10.1016/s0742-8413(98)10014-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the regulation of the muscarinic cholinergic receptor (MChR) in brain from seven species of fish, two surrogates and five threatened or endangered species exposed to a series of chemicals as a measure of compensatory response among species. Fish were classified as either cold water (rainbow trout-surrogate, apache trout, lahanton trout) or warm water (fathead minnow-surrogate, razorback sucker, bonytail chub, colorado squawfish) and were exposed to chemicals shown to affect cholinergic pathways (carbaryl and permethrin) and two chemicals whose relationships to the cholinergic system is less clear (4-nonylphenol and copper). Downregulation of MChR occurred in all warm water species, except colorado squawfish, and at carbaryl concentrations similar to those causing downregulation observed in rainbow trout. Permethrin exposure resulted in downregulation in fathead minnow and razorback sucker, but the concentrations required for observation of this phenomenon were much greater than observed in cold water species. Copper exposure caused a decrease in brain MChR in rainbow trout and apache trout, whereas 4-nonylphenol exposure resulted in a decrease in brain MChR in all three cold water species. Our results indicate that surrogates are useful in assessing sublethal physiological responses to chemicals with a known mechanism of action such as carbaryl and support use of surrogates for assessing physiological responses to chemicals with diverse, less clear mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- S B Jones
- Environmental and Contaminants Research Center, USGS/Biological Resources Division, Columbia, MO 65201, USA.
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17
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Veum TL, Reyes J, Ellersieck M. Effect of supplemental yeast culture in sow gestation and lactation diets on apparent nutrient digestibilities and reproductive performance through one reproductive cycle. J Anim Sci 1995; 73:1741-5. [PMID: 7673068 DOI: 10.2527/1995.7361741x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Ninety-six crossbred sows and gilts were used to study the effect of yeast culture (Diamond V. Mills, Cedar Rapids, IA) on apparent nutrient digestibilities and reproductive performance from d 60 of gestation through d 21 of lactation. Sows were allotted to treatment groups based on parity and BW. Four dietary treatments were made by substituting 0, .5, 1.0, or 2.0% yeast culture for wheat middlings in the basal gestation and lactation diets. During gestation, sows were fed 2.15 kg/d of a 12.5% CP corn-soybean meal diet containing 25.0% alfalfa meal that provided 6.39 Mcal of ME/d. During lactation, sows were fed a 13.5% CP corn-soybean meal diet containing 12.5% alfalfa meal (3.16 Mcal of ME/kg) to appetite daily. Yeast culture supplementation did not affect (P > .3 to .9) the apparent digestibilities of DM, energy, CP, ether extract, ADF, and NDF in gestation (d 90 to 97) or lactation (d 14 to 21), sow weights on d 107 of gestation and d 1 and 21 of lactation, lactation feed intake, or days from weaning to first estrus compared to control sows. Also, yeast culture treatment had no effect (P > .3 to .5) on number of live pigs/litter at birth and d 21 or total litter weight on d 21. In conclusion, supplemental yeast culture in gestation and lactation diets containing alfalfa meal did not affect apparent nutrient digestibilities and reproductive performance criteria through one reproductive cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- T L Veum
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia 65211, USA
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18
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Abstract
Five different oxygen-conserving devices were tested in each of ten oxygen-dependent patients with COPD who had met the NOTT criteria for continuous oxygen use. They were tested on room air, their prescribed continuous oxygen flow and then on each of the five devices. The devices which delivered a bolus of oxygen during early inspiration or increased oxygen delivery as the respiratory rate increased did better than those devices which delivered oxygen at a normal flow rate during inspiration or a fixed portion of inspiration. In at least one of the subjects each device was associated with desaturation to less than 80 percent during a 12-min walk. It is concluded that oxygen-conserving devices vary in their ability to maintain SaO2 levels during exercise. It is recommended that a home oxygen evaluation include measurement of an exercise SaO2 utilizing the prescribed oxygen delivery system.
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Affiliation(s)
- S R Braun
- Department of Medicine, University of Missouri-Columbia
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19
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Braun SR, McKenzie WN, Copeland C, Knight L, Ellersieck M. A comparison of the effect of ipratropium and albuterol in the treatment of chronic obstructive airway disease. Arch Intern Med 1989; 149:544-7. [PMID: 2521997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Twenty-five subjects with moderate to severe chronic obstructive airway disease were studied to compare the effect of ipratropium bromide, albuterol, and placebo on the forced expiratory volume in 1 s, (FEV1), forced vital capacity, heart rate, and blood pressure during six hours. Ipratropium produced a significantly greater improvement than albuterol in the FEV1 at 30 minutes and at 3, 4, and 5 hours and in the forced vital capacity at one through six hours. Fifteen subjects did not demonstrate a 15% improvement and at least a 200-mL increase in the FEV1, 15 minutes after metaproterenol sulfate aerosol. All 15 did improve after ipratropium therapy during the study. Ipratropium was effective significantly longer than albuterol. Subjects with better peak responses to ipratropium had a lower FEV1 percent predicted and a greater pack-year smoking history. In patients with chronic obstructive airway disease, ipratropium produces a longer duration of action than albuterol. It is more effective than albuterol in treating severely obstructed individuals and those not responding to metaproterenol. It is equally effective in treating others.
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Affiliation(s)
- S R Braun
- Department of Medicine, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia
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20
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Akasha MA, Anderson RR, Ellersieck M, Nixon DA. Concentration of thyroid hormones and prolactin in dairy cattle serum and milk at three stages of lactation. J Dairy Sci 1987; 70:271-6. [PMID: 3571634 DOI: 10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(87)80007-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Eighteen lactating Holstein cows were used with six each in early, mid, and late lactation. Blood samples were obtained on 7 successive d. Blood serum and milk were measured by radioimmunoassay for thyroxine, 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine, and 3,3',5'-triiodothyronine. Prolactin was also measured in serum by radioimmunoassay. Serum thyroxine increased as lactation progressed and milk production declined (50, 55, and 62 ng/ml). Serum concentrations of triiodothyronine and reverse triiodothyronine were unchanged throughout lactation. Prolactin in serum declined as lactation advanced linearly (14.4, 11.8, and 10.5 ng/ml). Concentrations of thyroxine and triiodothyronine in milk declined significantly between early and mid but not mid and late lactation. Reverse triiodothyronine in milk did not change over the lactation. Serum triiodothyronine contained 1200 to 1300 pg/ml, whereas that in milk was 200 to 300 pg/ml. Reverse triiodothyronine was over 300 pg/ml in serum and only 80 to 90 pg/ml in milk. Amounts of thyroxine and triiodothyronine available to offspring from milk were calculated to be minor sources (4 to 5%) of total requirements for maintenance of metabolic function.
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21
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Niekamp AA, Unklesbay N, Unklesbay K, Ellersieck M. Bentonite-water dispersions--an effective dietetic research tool. J Am Diet Assoc 1983; 82:516-20. [PMID: 6841848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Quiche were heat processed in a food service convection oven in four different oven load sizes (4, 8, 12, and 16 quiche) to determine evaporation losses and energy usage. The experiment was repeated using models made from bentonite to simulate quiche. Bentonite-water dispersions, prepared with 82.7% distilled water and 17.3% dry bentonite powder by weight, were shaped into standardized models. On a per quiche basis, no differences in energy consumption were revealed for any load. Savings in research costs for both food and labor were documented. Recommendations are made as to how administrative dietitians might use the data.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Georgia B Nolph
- School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65201
| | - Gary F Krause
- Department of Statistics, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65201
| | - Mark Ellersieck
- Department of Statistics, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65201
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Abstract
The mean values for serum total cholesterol for 47 males, aged 32 to 62 yr who, over a 10 1/2 month study ate, within a self-selected diet, beef as the only meat for 3 months, poultry and fish for 3 months, and pork for 3 months showed no statistically significant difference, whereas 17 of 29 females of the same age who participated in the same study had borderline statistically significant differences in mean values (p less than 0.055). When data from all subjects were considered together, no statistically significant changes in mean serum total cholesterol or serum triglycerides were noted, but there were significant changes in mean high-density lipoprotein cholesterol values, both upward and downward. The important results of this study are documentary to the lack of influence of "meat" and its fat on effecting a significant change in serum total cholesterol within a self-selected diet.
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24
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Flynn MA, Heine B, Nolph GB, Naumann HD, Parisi E, Ball D, Krause G, Ellersieck M, Ward SS. Serum lipids in humans fed diets containing beef or fish and poultry. Am J Clin Nutr 1981; 34:2734-41. [PMID: 7315774 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/34.12.2734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
One half of a group of 129 men and women (74 men and 55 women), in a cross-over design at, within a self-selected diet, one egg and at least 5 oz of beef daily for 3 months while the other half at one egg and at least 5 oz of poultry and fish daily. Then they reversed their diets for 3 months. Blood samples were drawn by venipuncture before the study started and at the end of the 3 and 6 months, for analyses of serum total cholesterol, triglycerides, and high density lipoprotein cholesterol. No statistically significant changes were found in serum lipids in men. In women serum triglycerides but not other serum lipids were significantly higher when poultry and fish had been ingested.
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