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Pabla S, Conroy JM, Nesline MK, Glenn ST, Papanicolau-Sengos A, Burgher B, Hagen J, Giamo V, Andreas J, Lenzo FL, Yirong W, Dy GK, Yau E, Early A, Chen H, Bshara W, Madden KG, Shirai K, Dragnev K, Tafe LJ, Marin D, Zhu J, Clarke J, Labriola M, McCall S, Zhang T, Zibelman M, Ghatalia P, Araujo-Fernandez I, Singavi A, George B, MacKinnon AC, Thompson J, Singh R, Jacob R, Dressler L, Steciuk M, Binns O, Kasuganti D, Shah N, Ernstoff M, Odunsi K, Kurzrock R, Gardner M, Galluzzi L, Morrison C. Proliferative potential and resistance to immune checkpoint blockade in lung cancer patients. J Immunother Cancer 2019; 7:27. [PMID: 30709424 PMCID: PMC6359802 DOI: 10.1186/s40425-019-0506-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 01/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Resistance to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) has been linked to local immunosuppression independent of major ICI targets (e.g., PD-1). Clinical experience with response prediction based on PD-L1 expression suggests that other factors influence sensitivity to ICIs in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. Methods Tumor specimens from 120 NSCLC patients from 10 institutions were evaluated for PD-L1 expression by immunohistochemistry, and global proliferative profile by targeted RNA-seq. Results Cell proliferation, derived from the mean expression of 10 proliferation-associated genes (namely BUB1, CCNB2, CDK1, CDKN3, FOXM1, KIAA0101, MAD2L1, MELK, MKI67, and TOP2A), was identified as a marker of response to ICIs in NSCLC. Poorly, moderately, and highly proliferative tumors were somewhat equally represented in NSCLC, with tumors with the highest PD-L1 expression being more frequently moderately proliferative as compared to lesser levels of PD-L1 expression. Proliferation status had an impact on survival in patients with both PD-L1 positive and negative tumors. There was a significant survival advantage for moderately proliferative tumors compared to their combined highly/poorly counterparts (p = 0.021). Moderately proliferative PD-L1 positive tumors had a median survival of 14.6 months that was almost twice that of PD-L1 negative highly/poorly proliferative at 7.6 months (p = 0.028). Median survival in moderately proliferative PD-L1 negative tumors at 12.6 months was comparable to that of highly/poorly proliferative PD-L1 positive tumors at 11.5 months, but in both instances less than that of moderately proliferative PD-L1 positive tumors. Similar to survival, proliferation status has impact on disease control (DC) in patients with both PD-L1 positive and negative tumors. Patients with moderately versus those with poorly or highly proliferative tumors have a superior DC rate when combined with any classification schema used to score PD-L1 as a positive result (i.e., TPS ≥ 50% or ≥ 1%), and best displayed by a DC rate for moderately proliferative tumors of no less than 40% for any classification of PD-L1 as a negative result. While there is an over representation of moderately proliferative tumors as PD-L1 expression increases this does not account for the improved survival or higher disease control rates seen in PD-L1 negative tumors. Conclusions Cell proliferation is potentially a new biomarker of response to ICIs in NSCLC and is applicable to PD-L1 negative tumors. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s40425-019-0506-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarabjot Pabla
- OmniSeq, Inc., 700 Ellicott Street, Buffalo, NY, 14203, USA
| | - Jeffrey M Conroy
- OmniSeq, Inc., 700 Ellicott Street, Buffalo, NY, 14203, USA.,Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY, 14206, USA
| | - Mary K Nesline
- OmniSeq, Inc., 700 Ellicott Street, Buffalo, NY, 14203, USA
| | - Sean T Glenn
- OmniSeq, Inc., 700 Ellicott Street, Buffalo, NY, 14203, USA.,Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY, 14206, USA
| | | | - Blake Burgher
- OmniSeq, Inc., 700 Ellicott Street, Buffalo, NY, 14203, USA
| | - Jacob Hagen
- OmniSeq, Inc., 700 Ellicott Street, Buffalo, NY, 14203, USA
| | - Vincent Giamo
- OmniSeq, Inc., 700 Ellicott Street, Buffalo, NY, 14203, USA
| | | | | | - Wang Yirong
- OmniSeq, Inc., 700 Ellicott Street, Buffalo, NY, 14203, USA
| | - Grace K Dy
- Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY, 14206, USA
| | - Edwin Yau
- Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY, 14206, USA
| | - Amy Early
- Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY, 14206, USA
| | - Hongbin Chen
- Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY, 14206, USA
| | - Wiam Bshara
- Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY, 14206, USA
| | | | - Keisuke Shirai
- Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH, 03756, USA
| | | | - Laura J Tafe
- Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH, 03756, USA
| | | | - Jason Zhu
- Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Arun Singavi
- Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
| | - Ben George
- Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
| | | | | | - Rajbir Singh
- Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN, 37208, USA
| | - Robin Jacob
- Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN, 37208, USA
| | | | - Mark Steciuk
- Mission Health System, Asheville, NC, 28801, USA
| | - Oliver Binns
- Mission Health System, Asheville, NC, 28801, USA
| | | | - Neel Shah
- Community Hospital, Munster, IN, 46321, USA
| | - Marc Ernstoff
- Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY, 14206, USA
| | - Kunle Odunsi
- Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY, 14206, USA
| | - Razelle Kurzrock
- Center for Personalized Cancer Therapy, Moores Cancer Center, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Mark Gardner
- OmniSeq, Inc., 700 Ellicott Street, Buffalo, NY, 14203, USA
| | - Lorenzo Galluzzi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, 10065, USA.,Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA.,Université Paris Descartes/Paris V, 75006, Paris, France
| | - Carl Morrison
- OmniSeq, Inc., 700 Ellicott Street, Buffalo, NY, 14203, USA. .,Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY, 14206, USA.
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