Comparison of nab-paclitaxel plus gemcitabine in elderly versus younger patients with metastatic pancreatic cancer: Analysis of a multicentre, prospective, non-interventional study

BACKGROUND

Pancreatic cancer (PC) ranks among the deadliest malignancies worldwide. In the MPACT study, first-line nab-paclitaxel plus gemcitabine (nab-P/G) demonstrated activity (median overall survival [OS], 8.7 months) and tolerability in patients with metastatic PC (mPC). However, the clinical evidence of nab-P/G in the elderly (>70 years), who account for the majority of patients with mPC, is limited. This is the first prospective, multicentre, non-interventional study evaluating the tolerability and effectiveness of nab-P/G in younger (≤70 years) versus elderly (>70 years) patients with mPC in the daily clinical routine.

METHODS

Eligible patients with mPC were treated with nab-P/G and observed until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. The primary objectives were safety and tolerability of nab-P/G, and the secondary objectives were efficacy and real-life dosing.

RESULTS

A total of 317 patients with mPC (median age, 70 years) were recruited, of which 299, aged ≤70 (n = 162) and >70 (n = 137) years, were eligible for analysis. Baseline characteristics and the safety profile were comparable between the groups. However, fatigue (22.8% versus 13.0%) and decreased appetite (8.8% versus 1.2%) were more frequent in elderly patients. Younger versus elderly patients equally benefited in terms of objective response rate (36% versus 48%), median progression-free survival (5.6 versus 5.5 months; hazard ratio [HR] = 1.03; p = 0.81) and OS (10.6 versus 10.2 months; HR = 0.89; p = 0.4). In addition, the median treatment duration (5 versus 4 cycles), relative dose intensity (70% versus 74%) or reasons for treatment discontinuation were similar. Most patients (56.2% versus 47.4%) benefited from a second-line therapy.

CONCLUSION

This prospective real-world analysis confirms the feasibility and tolerability of nab-P/G treatment and reveals OS data similar for younger patients and elderly patients aged >70 years. CLINICALTRIALS.

GOV REGISTRATION

NCT02555813.

AUSTRIAN NIS REGISTRY

NIS005071.

The AST/ALT (De Ritis) ratio predicts clinical outcome in patients with pancreatic cancer treated with first-line nab-paclitaxel and gemcitabine: post hoc analysis of an Austrian multicenter, noninterventional study

Background:

The pretreatment De Ritis ratio [aspartate transaminase (AST)/alanine transaminase (ALT)] has been shown to be an adverse prognostic marker in various cancer entities. However, its relevance to advanced pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) has not yet been studied. In the present study we investigated the AST/ALT ratio as a possible predictor of treatment response and disease outcome in patients with advanced PDAC treated with first-line gemcitabine/nab-paclitaxel.

Methods:

A post hoc analysis of a prospective, multicenter, noninterventional study was performed. A total of 202 patients with advanced PDAC treated with first-line gemcitabine/nab-paclitaxel for whom the AST/ALT ratio was measured were included in this analysis.

Results:

Median and 1-year progression-free survival estimates were 4.8 months and 5.1%, respectively in patients with an AST/ALT ratio above the 75th percentile of its distribution, and 6.0 months and 18.7%, respectively in patients with an AST/ALT ratio less than or equal to this cutoff, respectively (log-rank p = 0.004). In univariable Cox regression, a doubling of the AST/ALT ratio was associated with a 1.4-fold higher relative risk of progression or death [hazard ratio = 1.38, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.06–1.80, p = 0.017]. The prognostic association was also found in multivariable analysis adjusting for Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status and lung metastases (hazard ratio per AST/ALT ratio doubling = 1.32, 95% CI: 1.00–1.75, p = 0.047). In treatment response analysis, a doubling of the AST/ALT ratio was associated with a 0.5-fold lower odds of objective response (odds ratio = 0.54, 95% CI: 0.31–0.94, p = 0.020).

Conclusions:

The pretreatment serum AST/ALT ratio predicts poor disease outcome and response rate in patients with advanced PDAC treated with gemcitabine/nab-paclitaxel and might represent a novel and inexpensive marker for individual risk assessment in the treatment of pancreatic cancer.