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Zhang L, Zhang Z, Sun P, Pang T, Xia H, Cui X, Guo Q, Sigrist MW, Shu C, Shu Z. A dual-gas sensor for simultaneous detection of methane and acetylene based on time-sharing scanning assisted wavelength modulation spectroscopy. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2020; 239:118495. [PMID: 32470812 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2020.118495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Methane (CH4) and acetylene (C2H2) are important bioscience and chemical gases. The real-time monitoring and analysis of them have important research value in industrial process control. The time-sharing scanning assisted wavelength modulation spectroscopy (WMS) technique is developed for real-time and simultaneous detection of CH4 and C2H2. This system involves two near-infrared distributed feedback (DFB) lasers and a compact multipass cavity with an effective optical path of 52.2 m. The selected strong absorption lines of methane and acetylene are located at 6046.96 cm-1 and 6531.7 cm-1, respectively. The experiment environment is conducted at room temperature 23 °C and pressure 760 Torr. The sensor performance, including the minimum detection limit (MDL) and the stability, was improved by eliminating the influence of light intensity fluctuation using the WMS-2f/SAW technique. Allan deviation analysis indicates that a MDL of 0.1 ppm for CH4 and 0.2 ppm for C2H2 are achieved with 1-s integration time. And the instrument response time is about 44 s through the continuous analysis of standard gases. This sensitive, simple, reliable, and lowcost dual-gas sensor is very suitable for applications in the field environment, chemical process, and many other gas-phase analysis areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lewen Zhang
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Photonic Devices and Materials, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui 230031, China; University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Zhirong Zhang
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Photonic Devices and Materials, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui 230031, China; Key Lab of Environmental Optics & Technology, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui 230031, China; Advanced Laser Technology Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei, Anhui 230037, China.
| | - Pengshuai Sun
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Photonic Devices and Materials, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui 230031, China
| | - Tao Pang
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Photonic Devices and Materials, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui 230031, China
| | - Hua Xia
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Photonic Devices and Materials, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui 230031, China
| | - Xiaojuan Cui
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Photonic Devices and Materials, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui 230031, China
| | - Qiang Guo
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Photonic Devices and Materials, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui 230031, China; Advanced Laser Technology Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei, Anhui 230037, China
| | - Markus Werner Sigrist
- Institute for Quantum Electronics, ETH Zurich, Otto-Stern-Weg 1, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Chimin Shu
- Department of Safety Health and Environmental Engineering, Yunlin University of Science and Technology, Taiwan 64002, China
| | - Zhifeng Shu
- School of Physics and Materials Engineering, Hefei Normal University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China
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Cui X, Chen W, Sigrist MW, Fertein E, Flament P, De Bondt K, Mattielli N. Analysis of the Stable Isotope Ratios ( 18O/ 16O, 17O/ 16O, and D/H) in Glacier Water by Laser Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2020; 92:4512-4517. [PMID: 32083471 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b05679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A compact isotope ratio sensor based on laser absorption spectroscopy at 2.7 μm was developed for high precision and simultaneous measurements of the D/H, 18O/16O and 17O/16O isotope ratios in glacier water. Measurements of the oxygen and hydrogen isotope ratios in glacier water demonstrate a 1σ precision of 0.3‰ for δ18O, 0.2‰ for δ17O, and 0.5‰ for δ2H, respectively. The δ values of the working standard glacier water obtained by the calibrated sensor system is basically identical to the IRMS measurement results with a very high calibration accuracy from 0.17‰ to 0.75‰. Preliminary results on the reproducibility measurements display a standard deviation of 0.13‰ for δ18O, 0.13‰ for δ17O, and 0.64‰ for δ2H, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojuan Cui
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Photonic Devices and Materials, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Weidong Chen
- Laboratoire de Physicochimie de l'Atmosphère, Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale, 189A Avenue, Maurice Schumann, 59140 Dunkerque, France
| | - Markus Werner Sigrist
- ETH Zurich, Institute for Quantum Electronics, Otto-Stern-Weg 1, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Eric Fertein
- Laboratoire de Physicochimie de l'Atmosphère, Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale, 189A Avenue, Maurice Schumann, 59140 Dunkerque, France
| | - Pascal Flament
- Laboratoire de Physicochimie de l'Atmosphère, Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale, 189A Avenue, Maurice Schumann, 59140 Dunkerque, France
| | - Kevin De Bondt
- Department of Analytical, Environmental and Geo-Chemistry (AMGC), Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Nadine Mattielli
- Department of Analytical, Environmental and Geo-Chemistry (AMGC), Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
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Beyer-Hans KMC, Sigrist MW, Silbereisen A, Ozturk VO, Emingil G, Bostanci N. Salivary Fingerprinting of Periodontal Disease by Infrared-ATR Spectroscopy. Proteomics Clin Appl 2020; 14:e1900092. [PMID: 31999389 DOI: 10.1002/prca.201900092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2019] [Revised: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Periodontal diseases, the most common chronic inflammatory diseases in humans, do not only affect tooth-supporting tissues but also other body parts by contributing to the development of life-threatening conditions. Since currently available diagnostic methods in periodontics lack the ability to identify patients at high risk for periodontal disease progression, development of innovative, non-invasive, rapid detection methods for diagnosing periodontal diseases is needed. This study aims to assess the potential of infrared attenuated total reflection (IR-ATR) spectroscopy to detect differences in composition of saliva supernatant in non-periodontitis individuals (control) and patients with generalized aggressive periodontitis (G-AgP). EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN IR-ATR is performed with a wavelength interval from 1230 to 1180 cm-1 , analyzed with a simple subtraction in absorbance data. RESULTS Ten samples show in the analysis of variance of the two data sets a true difference (99.8%). A principal component analysis (PCA) is able to discriminate between G-AgP and control groups. CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE This study demonstrates for the first time that IR-ATR spectroscopy is a promising tool for the analysis of saliva supernatant for the diagnosis of periodontitis, and potentially other periodontal conditions. IR-ATR spectroscopy holds the potential to be miniaturized and utilized as a non-invasive screening test.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Markus Werner Sigrist
- Laser Spectroscopy and Sensing Lab, Institute for Quantum Electronics, ETH Zurich, Zurich, 8093, Switzerland
| | - Angelika Silbereisen
- Section of Periodontology and Dental Prevention, Division of Oral Diseases, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, 14152, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Veli Ozgen Ozturk
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Adnan Menderes University, Aydin, 09100, Turkey
| | - Gulnur Emingil
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Egg University, Izmir, 35100, Turkey
| | - Nagihan Bostanci
- Section of Periodontology and Dental Prevention, Division of Oral Diseases, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, 14152, Stockholm, Sweden
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Abstract
A new photoacoustic (PA) cell design, which is particularly suitable for investigations of liquids, gels, and outgassing samples is presented. The setup is based on a PA cell of only 78.5 mm(3) volume, which is sealed on the sample side with either a 163 μm thick chemical vapor deposition diamond window or a 3.91 μm thin diamond membrane. This design offers great advantages compared to traditionally used open-ended PA cells especially when investigating volatile compounds. The new PA cell design is particularly interesting in the studies of biological samples characterized by a high water content. The performance was demonstrated with mid-infrared PA measurements of glucose in aqueous solutions using a tunable quantum-cascade laser as a light source. A detection limit of 100 mg/dl (SNR = 3) has been achieved. Furthermore, the spectral changes of glucose dissolved in water caused by mutorotation have been monitored time-resolved.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Kottmann
- ETH Zurich, Institute for Quantum Electronics, Zurich, Switzerland.
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Abstract
A robust and simple gas sensor based on a novel photoacoustic scheme named "differential mode excitation photoacoustic spectroscopy (DME-PAS)" is presented. This method takes advantage of the selective excitation of two different modes in a resonant photoacoustic cell. A blackbody light source is used for simplicity in combination with optical correlation to provide a good selectivity. The frequency response of the proposed resonant cell is modeled using the extended Helmholtz resonator theory. The DME-PAS device is tested using acetone vapor and a model developed to describe its response when the gas concentration is varied. The obtained limit of detection is 25 ppm m(-1) for acetone in room air. Using DME-PAS, the derived gas concentration is affected neither by intensity fluctuations of the light source nor by any microphone drifts.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Rey
- Laser Spectroscopy and Sensing Laboratory, Institute of Quantum Electronics, ETH Zurich, Schafmattstrasse 16, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
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Abstract
In absorption spectroscopy, infrared spectra of heated gases or condensed samples in the vapor phase are usually recorded with a single pass heated gas cell. This device exhibits two orders of magnitude lower sensitivity than the high-temperature multipass cell presented in this article. Our device is a novel type of compact long path absorption cell that can withstand aggressive chemicals in addition to temperatures up to 723 K. The construction of the cell and its technical features are described in detail, paying special attention to the mechanisms that compensate for thermal expansion and that allow the user to vary the optical path length under any thermal or vacuum condition. The cell may be used with a laser source or implemented within a Fourier transform infrared spectrometer. Its design is compatible with optical arrangements using astigmatic mirrors or spherical mirrors in a Herriott configuration. Here we implement a homebuilt Herriott-type cell with a total optical path length of up to 35 m. In order to demonstrate the feasibility of the cell, methane and water vapor absorption lines showing dissimilar temperature effects on line intensity were recorded with the help of a mid-infrared laser source tunable between 3 and 4 microm. Emphasis is put on lines that are too weak to be recorded with a single pass cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Bartlome
- Institute for Quantum Electronics, ETH Zurich, Schafmattstrasse 16, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland.
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Abstract
Ammonia and ethene are pollutants which are arousing concern as regards their environmental impact, e.g. as greenhouse gases. Road traffic is an increasingly important emission source for these gases. As part of an atmospheric pollution measurement campaign, we performed in situ measurements of NH3, C2H4 and CO2 concentrations at the mouth of a freeway tunnel with a time resolution of 1 min using a mobile laser-based photoacoustic system. Measurements were performed over a period of 5 weeks. In good temporal correlation with traffic counts, we observed peak concentrations of >600 ppb (>1200 ppb for Friday afternoon peaks) for NH3, of up to 400 ppb for C2H4 and >2000 ppm for CO2. Preliminary comparisons with previous measurements at the same location indicate a considerable increase in ammonia and CO2 peak concentrations (greater than the increase in traffic over the same period) and a less pronounced increase in C2H4 concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Marinov
- Laser Spectroscopy and Sensing Laboratory, Institute of Quantum Electronics, ETH Zurich, Hoenggerberg, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
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Romann A, Sigrist MW. High-resolution spectra of bromo methane and methyl bromide obtained by a continuously tunable 10-bar CO2 laser based photoacoustic spectrometer. ANAL SCI 2001; 17:1441-3. [PMID: 11783796 DOI: 10.2116/analsci.17.1441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
High resolution spectral data of 100 ppmV (10(-6) per volume) concentrations of the trace gases bromo methane (BM, CH3Br), and methyl bromide (DME, (CH3)2O), buffered in synthetic air (80% N2, 20% O2) at atmospheric pressure and room temperature are reported. The spectra are recorded with a continuously tunable 10-bar CO2 laser based photoacoustic (PA) spectrometer. The tuning range covers 76 cm(-1) between 9.2 microm (1087 cm(-1)) and 10.7 microm (935 cm(-1)) at a constant narrow line-width of 0.018 cm(-1) (540 MHz). The non-resonant PA measuring cell employs an in-line 10-microphone array. The estimated detection limits for BM and DME are approximately 2 ppmV for a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of 3. This corresponds to a calculated detection limit of approximately 76 ppbV for ethylene.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Romann
- Swiss Federal Institute of Technology ETH, Institute of Quantum Electronics, Laboratory for Laser Spectroscopy and Environmental Sensing, Zürich
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Fischer C, Sigrist MW, Yu Q, Seiter M. Photoacoustic monitoring of trace gases by use of a diode-based difference frequency laser source. Opt Lett 2001; 26:1609-1611. [PMID: 18049679 DOI: 10.1364/ol.26.001609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
We present a compact mid-infrared laser spectrometer for trace-gas monitoring. Difference frequency generation in periodically poled LiNbO(3) is used as laser source, yielding a tuning range 3.2-3.7mum at a linewidth of 154 MHz. The relatively high average power of 3 to 5 mW favors detection with a small resonant photoacoustic gas cell. Measurements of methane yield a detection limit in the low parts in 10(6) by volume concentration range.
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Hofstetter D, Beck M, Faist J, Nägele M, Sigrist MW. Photoacoustic spectroscopy with quantum cascade distributed-feedback lasers. Opt Lett 2001; 26:887-889. [PMID: 18040481 DOI: 10.1364/ol.26.000887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
We present photoacoustic (PA) spectroscopy measurements of carbon dioxide, methanol, and ammonia. The light source for the excitation was a single-mode quantum cascade distributed-feedback laser, which was operated in pulsed mode at moderate duty cycle and slightly below room temperature. Temperature tuning resulted in a typical wavelength range of 3cm(-1)at a linewidth of 0.2cm(-1). The setup was based on a Herriott multipass arrangement around the PA cell; the cell was equipped with a radial 16-microphone array to increase sensitivity. Despite the relatively small average laser power, the ammonia detection limit was 300 parts in 10(9)by volume.
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Seiter M, Sigrist MW. On-line multicomponent trace-gas analysis with a broadly tunable pulsed difference-frequency laser spectrometer. Appl Opt 1999; 38:4691-4698. [PMID: 18323956 DOI: 10.1364/ao.38.004691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The design and application of a novel automated room-temperature laser spectrometer are reported. The compact instrument is based on difference-frequency generation in bulk LiNbO(3). The instrument employs a tunable cw external-cavity diode laser (795-825 nm) and a pulsed diode-pumped Nd:YAG laser (1064 nm). The generated mid-IR nanosecond pulses of 50-microW peak power and 6.5-kHz repetition rate, continuously tunable from 3.16 to 3.67 microm, are coupled into a 36-m multipass cell for spectroscopic studies. On-line measurements of methane are performed at concentrations between 200 ppb (parts in 10(9) by mole fraction) and approximately 1%, demonstrating a large dynamic range of 7 orders of magnitude. Furthermore computer-controlled multicomponent analysis of a mixture containing five trace gases and water vapor with an overall response time of 90 s at an averaging time of only approximately 30 s is reported. A minimum detectable absorption coefficient of 1.1 x 10(-7) cm(-1) has been achieved in an averaging time of 60 s, enabling detection limits in the ppb range for many important trace gases, such as CH(4), C(2)H(6), H(2)CO, NO(2), N(2)O, HCl, HBr, CO, and OCS.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Seiter
- Institute of Quantum Electronics, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, ETH, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
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Abstract
We present a novel compact pulsed laser spectrometer based on difference-frequency mixing of a cw tunable external-cavity diode laser (795-825 nm) and a pulsed Nd:YAG laser (1064 nm) in bulk LiNbO(3) . The pulsed mid-IR source is continuously tunable from 3.16 to 3.67microm and exhibits a linewidth of only 154 MHz, a peak power of approximately 50microW , and a pulse duration of 6 ns at a 6.5-kHz repetition rate. Spectra of methane in room air and formaldehyde have been recorded at room-temperature operation in a multipass cell with deduced detection limits of 10 and 40 parts in 10(9) , respectively.
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Abstract
Photoacoustic spectroscopic studies on a mixture of six CO(2) isotopes ((12) C(16) O(2), (12) C(18) O(2), (13) C (16) O(2), (13) C(18) O(2), (16) O(12) C(18) O, and (16) O(13) C(18) O) in the wavelength range of 9-11 mum by use of a home-built high-pressure continuously tunable CO(2) laser with a bandwidth of 0.017 cm(-1) are discussed. The concentrations of all CO(2) isotopes present in the mixture could be determined with good accuracy. Furthermore, the previously unknown absorption cross sections of some important lines of the(12) C(18) O(2), (13) C(18) O(2), and (16)O (13) C(18) O isotopes in the 9-11-mum range are reported.
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Abstract
A novel photoacoustic (PA) system that uses a continuously tunable high-pressure CO(2) laser as radiation source is presented. A minimum detectable absorption coefficient of 10(-6) cm(-1) that is limited mainly by the desorption of absorbing species from the cell walls and by residual electromagnetic perturbation of the microphone electronics has currently been achieved. Although a linear dependence of the PA signal on the gas concentration has been observed over 4 orders of magnitude, the dependence on energy exhibits a nonlinear behavior owing to saturation effects in excellent agreement with a theoretical model. The calibration of the laser wavelength is performed by PA measurements on low-pressure CO(2) gas, resulting in an absolute accuracy of ± 10(-2) cm(-1). PA spectra are presented for carbon dioxide (CO(2)), ammonia (NH(3)), ozone (O(3)), ethylene (C(2)H(4)), methanol (CH(3)OH), ethanol (C(2)H(5)OH), and toluene (C(7)H(8)) in large parts of the laser emission range. The expected improvement in detection selectivity compared with that of studies with line-tunable CO(2) lasers is demonstrated with the aid of multicomponent trace-gas mixtures prepared with a gas-mixing unit. Good agreement is obtained between the known concentrations and the concentrations calculated on the basis of a fit with calibration spectra. Finally, the perspectives of the system concerning air analyses are discussed.
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Simon U, Benko Z, Sigrist MW, Curl RF, Tittel FK. Design considerations of an infrared spectrometer based on difference-frequency generation in AgGaSe(2). Appl Opt 1993; 32:6650-6655. [PMID: 20856513 DOI: 10.1364/ao.32.006650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The availability of new nonlinear optical materials such as AgGaS(2) and AgGaSe(2) and improvements in compact, tunable, pulsed and continuous-wave (cw) solid-state pump lasers now make it possible to generate tunable, infrared narrow-band coherent radiation over a wide wavelength range (4-18 µm) by means of difference-frequency generation (DFG). This article describes the wavelength and outputpower characteristics of a tunable infrared source based on AgGaSe(2) and certain proven cw near-infrared pump sources for application to high-resolution spectroscopy.
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