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Beji A, Deboudt K, Muresan B, Khardi S, Flament P, Fourmentin M, Lumiere L. Physical and chemical characteristics of particles emitted by a passenger vehicle at the tire-road contact. Chemosphere 2023; 340:139874. [PMID: 37604335 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.139874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
Non-exhaust emissions are now recognized as a significant source of atmospheric particulate matter and the trend towards a reduction of conventionally fueled internal combustion engine vehicles on the road is increasing their contribution to air pollution due to lower exhaust emissions. These particles include brake wear particles (BWP) and tire-road contact particles (TRCP), which are composed of tire wear particles (TWP), road wear particles (RWP) and resuspended road dust (RRD). The goal of this study has therefore been to design an original experimental approach to provide insight into the chemical composition of particles emitted at the tire-road contact, focusing on the micron (PM10-1μm) and submicron (PM1-0.1μm) fractions. Through this characterization, an examination of the different TRCP generated by different materials (tire, road surface, brake system) was conducted. To achieve this, TRCP were collected at the rear of the wheel of an instrumented vehicle during road and track tests, and a SEM-EDX analysis was performed. Our experimental conditions have allowed us to demonstrate that, at the individual particle scale, TRCP are consistently associated with road dust materials and particles solely composed of tire or road materials are practically non-existent. The contribution of BWP to TRCP is marked by the emission of Fe-rich particles, including heavy metals like Ba, Mn and Cr. TWP, which result from rubber abrasion, consist of C-rich particles abundant in Si, Zn, and S. RWP, mainly composed of Al, Si, Fe, and Ca, can be either part of RRD or internally mixed with emitted TWP. The findings of this study highlight the substantial role of RRD to TRCP emissions under real driving conditions. Consequently, it underscores the importance of examining them simultaneously to achieve a more accurate estimation of on-road traffic emissions beyond the vehicle exhaust.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asma Beji
- Laboratory of Physics and Chemistry of the Atmosphere (LPCA), Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale (ULCO), 59140, Dunkerque, France; Environment-Planning, Safety and Eco-design (EASE-AME) Laboratory, Gustave Eiffel University, 77454, Marne-la-Vallée, France
| | - Karine Deboudt
- Laboratory of Physics and Chemistry of the Atmosphere (LPCA), Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale (ULCO), 59140, Dunkerque, France.
| | - Bogdan Muresan
- Environment-Planning, Safety and Eco-design (EASE-AME) Laboratory, Gustave Eiffel University, 77454, Marne-la-Vallée, France
| | - Salah Khardi
- University of Lyon, CNRS, INSA Lyon, LaMCoS, UMR 5259, 69621, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Pascal Flament
- Laboratory of Physics and Chemistry of the Atmosphere (LPCA), Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale (ULCO), 59140, Dunkerque, France
| | - Marc Fourmentin
- Laboratory of Physics and Chemistry of the Atmosphere (LPCA), Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale (ULCO), 59140, Dunkerque, France
| | - Laurence Lumiere
- Environment-Planning, Safety and Eco-design (EASE-AME) Laboratory, Gustave Eiffel University, 77454, Marne-la-Vallée, France
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2
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Maters EC, Mulholland DS, Flament P, de Jong J, Mattielli N, Deboudt K, Dhont G, Bychkov E. Laboratory study of iron isotope fractionation during dissolution of mineral dust and industrial ash in simulated cloud water. Chemosphere 2022; 299:134472. [PMID: 35367494 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Atmospheric deposition is a key mode of iron (Fe) input to ocean regions where low concentrations of this micronutrient limit marine primary production. Various natural particles (e.g., mineral dust, volcanic ash) and anthropogenic particles (e.g., from industrial processes, biomass burning) can deliver Fe to the ocean, and assessment of their relative importance in supplying Fe to seawater requires knowledge of both their deposition flux and their Fe solubility (a proxy for Fe bioavailability). Iron isotope (54Fe, 56Fe, 57Fe, 58Fe) analysis is a potential tool for tracing natural and anthropogenic Fe inputs to the ocean. However, it remains uncertain how the distinct Fe isotopic signatures (δ56Fe) of these particles may be modified by physicochemical processes (e.g., acidification, photochemistry, condensation-evaporation cycles) that are known to enhance Fe solubility during atmospheric transport. In this experimental study, we measure changes over time in both Fe solubility and δ56Fe of a Tunisian soil dust and an Fe-Mn alloy factory industrial ash exposed under irradiation to a pH 2 solution containing oxalic acid, the most widespread organic complexing agent in cloud- and rainwater. The Fe released per unit surface area of the ash (∼1460 μg Fe m-2) is ∼40 times higher than that released by the dust after 60 min in solution. Isotopic fractionation is also observed, to a greater extent in the dust than the ash, in parallel with dissolution of the solid particles and driven by preferential release of 54Fe into solution. After the initial release of 54Fe, the re-adsorption of A-type Fe-oxalate ternary complexes on the most stable surface sites of the solid particles seems to impair the release of the heavier Fe isotopes, maintaining a relative enrichment in the light Fe isotope in solution over time. These findings provide new insights on Fe mobilisation and isotopic fractionation in mineral dust and industrial ash during atmospheric processing, with potential implications for ultimately improving the tracing of natural versus anthropogenic contributions of soluble Fe to the ocean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena C Maters
- Laboratoire de Physico-Chimie de l'Atmosphère, Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale, 189A Avenue Maurice Schumann, 59140, Dunkerque, France
| | - Daniel S Mulholland
- Laboratório de Águas e Efluentes & Laboratório de Análises Ambientais, Universidade Federal do Tocantins, Rua Badejos, Gurupi, TO, Brazil
| | - Pascal Flament
- Laboratoire de Physico-Chimie de l'Atmosphère, Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale, 189A Avenue Maurice Schumann, 59140, Dunkerque, France.
| | - Jeroen de Jong
- Laboratoire G-Time (Geochemistry: Tracing with Isotope, Mineral and Element), Université Libre de Bruxelles, Avenue Franklin Roosevelt 50, 1050, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Nadine Mattielli
- Laboratoire G-Time (Geochemistry: Tracing with Isotope, Mineral and Element), Université Libre de Bruxelles, Avenue Franklin Roosevelt 50, 1050, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Karine Deboudt
- Laboratoire de Physico-Chimie de l'Atmosphère, Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale, 189A Avenue Maurice Schumann, 59140, Dunkerque, France
| | - Guillaume Dhont
- Laboratoire de Physico-Chimie de l'Atmosphère, Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale, 189A Avenue Maurice Schumann, 59140, Dunkerque, France
| | - Eugène Bychkov
- Laboratoire de Physico-Chimie de l'Atmosphère, Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale, 189A Avenue Maurice Schumann, 59140, Dunkerque, France
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3
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Arndt J, Healy RM, Setyan A, Flament P, Deboudt K, Riffault V, Alleman LY, Mbengue S, Wenger JC. Characterization and source apportionment of single particles from metalworking activities. Environ Pollut 2021; 270:116078. [PMID: 33243539 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.116078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Industrial metalworking facilities emit a variety of air toxics including volatile organic compounds, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and heavy metals. In order to investigate these emissions, a 1-month multi-instrument field campaign was undertaken at an industrial site in Grande-Synthe, Dunkirk (France), in May and June 2012. One of the main objectives of the study was to provide new information on the chemical composition of particulate matter with aerodynamic diameters smaller than 2.5 μm (PM2.5) in the vicinity of metalworking facilities. An aerosol time-of-flight mass spectrometer (ATOFMS) was deployed to provide size-resolved chemical mixing state measurements of ambient single particles at high temporal resolution. This mixing state information was then used to apportion PM2.5 to local metalworking facilities influencing the receptor site. Periods when the site was influenced by metalworking sources were characterised by a pronounced increase in particles containing toxic metals (manganese, iron, lead) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) with a variety of chemical mixing states. The association of specific particle classes with a nearby ferromanganese alloy manufacturing plant was confirmed through comparison with previous analysis of raw materials (ores) and chimney filter particle samples collected at the facility. Particles associated with emissions from a nearby steelworks were also identified. The contribution of local metalworking activities to PM2.5 at the receptor site for the period when the ATOFMS was deployed ranged from 1 to 65% with an average contribution of 17%, while the remaining mass was attributed to other local and regional sources. These findings demonstrate the impact of metalworking facilities on air quality downwind and provide useful single particle signatures for future source apportionment studies in communities impacted by metalworking emissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jovanna Arndt
- Department of Chemistry and Environmental Research Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Robert M Healy
- Environmental Monitoring and Reporting Branch, Ontario Ministry of the Environment, Conservation and Parks, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Ari Setyan
- Laboratoire de Physico-Chimie de L'Atmosphère, Université Du Littoral Côte D'Opale, EA 4493-CNRS, 59140, Dunkerque, France
| | - Pascal Flament
- Laboratoire de Physico-Chimie de L'Atmosphère, Université Du Littoral Côte D'Opale, EA 4493-CNRS, 59140, Dunkerque, France
| | - Karine Deboudt
- Laboratoire de Physico-Chimie de L'Atmosphère, Université Du Littoral Côte D'Opale, EA 4493-CNRS, 59140, Dunkerque, France
| | - Véronique Riffault
- IMT Lille Douai, Univ. Lille, SAGE - Sciences de L'Atmosphère et Génie de L'Environnement, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Laurent Y Alleman
- IMT Lille Douai, Univ. Lille, SAGE - Sciences de L'Atmosphère et Génie de L'Environnement, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Saliou Mbengue
- IMT Lille Douai, Univ. Lille, SAGE - Sciences de L'Atmosphère et Génie de L'Environnement, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - John C Wenger
- Department of Chemistry and Environmental Research Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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Cui X, Chen W, Sigrist MW, Fertein E, Flament P, De Bondt K, Mattielli N. Analysis of the Stable Isotope Ratios ( 18O/ 16O, 17O/ 16O, and D/H) in Glacier Water by Laser Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2020; 92:4512-4517. [PMID: 32083471 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b05679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A compact isotope ratio sensor based on laser absorption spectroscopy at 2.7 μm was developed for high precision and simultaneous measurements of the D/H, 18O/16O and 17O/16O isotope ratios in glacier water. Measurements of the oxygen and hydrogen isotope ratios in glacier water demonstrate a 1σ precision of 0.3‰ for δ18O, 0.2‰ for δ17O, and 0.5‰ for δ2H, respectively. The δ values of the working standard glacier water obtained by the calibrated sensor system is basically identical to the IRMS measurement results with a very high calibration accuracy from 0.17‰ to 0.75‰. Preliminary results on the reproducibility measurements display a standard deviation of 0.13‰ for δ18O, 0.13‰ for δ17O, and 0.64‰ for δ2H, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojuan Cui
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Photonic Devices and Materials, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Weidong Chen
- Laboratoire de Physicochimie de l'Atmosphère, Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale, 189A Avenue, Maurice Schumann, 59140 Dunkerque, France
| | - Markus Werner Sigrist
- ETH Zurich, Institute for Quantum Electronics, Otto-Stern-Weg 1, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Eric Fertein
- Laboratoire de Physicochimie de l'Atmosphère, Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale, 189A Avenue, Maurice Schumann, 59140 Dunkerque, France
| | - Pascal Flament
- Laboratoire de Physicochimie de l'Atmosphère, Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale, 189A Avenue, Maurice Schumann, 59140 Dunkerque, France
| | - Kevin De Bondt
- Department of Analytical, Environmental and Geo-Chemistry (AMGC), Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Nadine Mattielli
- Department of Analytical, Environmental and Geo-Chemistry (AMGC), Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
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5
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Setyan A, Flament P, Locoge N, Deboudt K, Riffault V, Alleman LY, Schoemaecker C, Arndt J, Augustin P, Healy RM, Wenger JC, Cazier F, Delbarre H, Dewaele D, Dewalle P, Fourmentin M, Genevray P, Gengembre C, Leonardis T, Marris H, Mbengue S. Investigation on the near-field evolution of industrial plumes from metalworking activities. Sci Total Environ 2019; 668:443-456. [PMID: 30852220 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.02.399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Revised: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In a context where a significant fraction of the population lives near industrial areas, the main objectives of this study are to provide (a) new data on PM2.5 chemical compositions, heavy-metal concentrations and trace gases released by metalworking activities and (b) new information on the near-field evolution (up to about a thousand meters) of such industrial plumes in terms of particle chemical composition and size distribution. For that purpose, a one-month field campaign was performed in an industrial area near the city of Dunkirk (Northern France), combining measurements of atmospheric dynamics and physico-chemical characterization of air masses. Comparisons between several elemental ratios (mainly Mn/Fe), particle size distributions and volatile organic compound (VOC) concentrations at the stacks and at a near-field site suggest that plumes of a ferromanganese alloy plant were quickly mixed with pollutants emitted by other sources (mainly other industries, possibly traffic and sea spray), in particular a neighboring steelworks, before reaching the sampling site. This led to the emergence of secondary particles related to condensation and/or aggregation phenomena inside the plumes. Metalworking emissions were also identified as a source of new particle formation, formed through the emission of gaseous precursors and their fast transformation and condensation, over a timescale of minutes before reaching the near-field site 800 m downwind. Ultrafine particles emitted at the stacks also quickly agglomerated to form larger particles before reaching the near-field site. These results show that, even over short distances, the chemical composition and size distribution of metalworking plumes may evolve rapidly and the characteristics of particles at the boundary of an industrial area (especially in contiguous urban areas) may differ from those emitted directly at the stacks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ari Setyan
- Laboratoire de Physico-Chimie de l'Atmosphère, Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale, EA 4493-CNRS, 59140 Dunkerque, France.
| | - Pascal Flament
- Laboratoire de Physico-Chimie de l'Atmosphère, Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale, EA 4493-CNRS, 59140 Dunkerque, France.
| | - Nadine Locoge
- Département Sciences de l'Atmosphère et Génie de l'Environnement - SAGE, IMT Lille Douai, Université de Lille, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Karine Deboudt
- Laboratoire de Physico-Chimie de l'Atmosphère, Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale, EA 4493-CNRS, 59140 Dunkerque, France
| | - Véronique Riffault
- Département Sciences de l'Atmosphère et Génie de l'Environnement - SAGE, IMT Lille Douai, Université de Lille, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Laurent Y Alleman
- Département Sciences de l'Atmosphère et Génie de l'Environnement - SAGE, IMT Lille Douai, Université de Lille, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Coralie Schoemaecker
- Laboratoire de Physico-Chimie des Processus de Combustion et de l'Atmosphère, Unité Mixte de Recherche CNRS-Université Lille1 Sciences et Technologies (UMR 8522), 59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | - Jovanna Arndt
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Research Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Patrick Augustin
- Laboratoire de Physico-Chimie de l'Atmosphère, Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale, EA 4493-CNRS, 59140 Dunkerque, France
| | - Robert M Healy
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Research Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - John C Wenger
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Research Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Fabrice Cazier
- Centre Commun de Mesures, Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale, 59140 Dunkerque, France
| | - Hervé Delbarre
- Laboratoire de Physico-Chimie de l'Atmosphère, Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale, EA 4493-CNRS, 59140 Dunkerque, France
| | - Dorothée Dewaele
- Centre Commun de Mesures, Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale, 59140 Dunkerque, France
| | - Pascale Dewalle
- Laboratoire de Physico-Chimie des Processus de Combustion et de l'Atmosphère, Unité Mixte de Recherche CNRS-Université Lille1 Sciences et Technologies (UMR 8522), 59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | - Marc Fourmentin
- Laboratoire de Physico-Chimie de l'Atmosphère, Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale, EA 4493-CNRS, 59140 Dunkerque, France
| | - Paul Genevray
- Centre Commun de Mesures, Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale, 59140 Dunkerque, France
| | - Cyril Gengembre
- Laboratoire de Physico-Chimie de l'Atmosphère, Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale, EA 4493-CNRS, 59140 Dunkerque, France
| | - Thierry Leonardis
- Département Sciences de l'Atmosphère et Génie de l'Environnement - SAGE, IMT Lille Douai, Université de Lille, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Hélène Marris
- Laboratoire de Physico-Chimie de l'Atmosphère, Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale, EA 4493-CNRS, 59140 Dunkerque, France
| | - Saliou Mbengue
- Département Sciences de l'Atmosphère et Génie de l'Environnement - SAGE, IMT Lille Douai, Université de Lille, 59000 Lille, France
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Wang G, Kulinski P, Hubert P, Deguine A, Petitprez D, Crumeyrolle S, Fertein E, Deboudt K, Flament P, Sigrist MW, Yi H, Chen WD. FILTER-FREE LIGHT ABSORPTION MEASUREMENT OF VOLCANIC ASHES AND AMBIENT PARTICULATE MATTER USING MULTI-WAVELENGTH PHOTOACOUSTIC SPECTROSCOPY. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.2528/pier19100603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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7
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Arndt J, Deboudt K, Anderson A, Blondel A, Eliet S, Flament P, Fourmentin M, Healy RM, Savary V, Setyan A, Wenger JC. Scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (SEM-EDX) and aerosol time-of-flight mass spectrometry (ATOFMS) single particle analysis of metallurgy plant emissions. Environ Pollut 2016; 210:9-17. [PMID: 26708757 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2015.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2015] [Revised: 11/12/2015] [Accepted: 11/14/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The chemical composition of single particles deposited on industrial filters located in three different chimneys of an iron-manganese (Fe-Mn) alloy manufacturing plant have been compared using aerosol time-of-flight mass spectrometry (ATOFMS) and scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (SEM-EDX). Very similar types of particles were observed using both analytical techniques. Calcium-containing particles dominated in the firing area of the sintering unit, Mn and/or Al-bearing particles were observed at the cooling area of the sintering unit, while Mn-containing particles were dominant at the smelting unit. SEM-EDX analysis of particles collected downstream of the industrial filters showed that the composition of the particles emitted from the chimneys is very similar to those collected on the filters. ATOFMS analysis of ore samples was also performed to identify particulate emissions that could be generated by wind erosion and manual activities. Specific particle types have been identified for each emission source (chimneys and ore piles) and can be used as tracers for source apportionment of ambient PM measured in the vicinity of the industrial site.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Arndt
- Department of Chemistry and Environmental Research Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - K Deboudt
- Laboratoire de Physico-Chimie de l'Atmosphère, Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale, EA 4493-CNRS, Dunkerque, France.
| | - A Anderson
- Department of Chemistry and Environmental Research Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - A Blondel
- Laboratoire de Physico-Chimie de l'Atmosphère, Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale, EA 4493-CNRS, Dunkerque, France
| | - S Eliet
- Institut de Recherche en Environnement Industriel, Dunkerque, France
| | - P Flament
- Laboratoire de Physico-Chimie de l'Atmosphère, Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale, EA 4493-CNRS, Dunkerque, France
| | - M Fourmentin
- Laboratoire de Physico-Chimie de l'Atmosphère, Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale, EA 4493-CNRS, Dunkerque, France
| | - R M Healy
- Department of Chemistry and Environmental Research Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - V Savary
- Institut de Recherche en Environnement Industriel, Dunkerque, France
| | - A Setyan
- Laboratoire de Physico-Chimie de l'Atmosphère, Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale, EA 4493-CNRS, Dunkerque, France
| | - J C Wenger
- Department of Chemistry and Environmental Research Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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8
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Mbengue S, Alleman LY, Flament P. Bioaccessibility of trace elements in fine and ultrafine atmospheric particles in an industrial environment. Environ Geochem Health 2015; 37:875-889. [PMID: 26254887 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-015-9756-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2014] [Accepted: 07/31/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The lung bioaccessibility, i.e., the solubility in alveolar lung fluid of metals in particulate matter, has been recognized as an important parameter for health risk assessment, associated with the inhalation of airborne particles. The purpose of this study is to use an in vitro method to estimate the pulmonary bioaccessibility of toxic metals in different particle sizes, from a multi-influenced industrial emission area. The fine and ultrafine particles collected with cascade impactors in the chimneys and at different distances from a Fe-Mn smelter were extracted with a simulated alveolar fluid (Gamble solution). In addition, a four-step sequential extraction procedure was employed to approach the metal speciation. The bioaccessibility of metals ranged from almost insoluble for Fe (<1%) to extremely soluble for Rb (>80%). In terms of particle size, the trace element bioaccessibility is generally higher for the finer size fractions (submicron and ultrafine particles) than for the coarse one (>1 µm). These submicron particles have a very high number concentration and specific surface area, which confer them an important contact surface with the alveolar fluid, i.e., a higher bioaccessibility. Interestingly, the bioaccessibility of most metals clearly increases between the chimney stacks and the close environment of the studied Fe-Mn smelter, over a very short distance (800 m), possibly due to a mix with surrounding steelworks emissions. This increase is not observed over a greater distance from the smelter (2000 m), when industrial particles were mixed with urban aerosols, except for Fe, under more soluble forms in combustion particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saliou Mbengue
- Université Lille Nord de France, 59000, Lille, France.
- Mines de Douai, SAGE, CS10838, 59508, Douai, France.
| | - Laurent Y Alleman
- Université Lille Nord de France, 59000, Lille, France
- Mines de Douai, SAGE, CS10838, 59508, Douai, France
| | - Pascal Flament
- Université Lille Nord de France, 59000, Lille, France
- LPCA, Université du Littoral-Côte d'Opale (ULCO), 189A, Avenue Maurice Schumann, 59240, Dunkerque, France
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9
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Rincent R, Nicolas S, Bouchet S, Altmann T, Brunel D, Revilla P, Malvar RA, Moreno-Gonzalez J, Campo L, Melchinger AE, Schipprack W, Bauer E, Schoen CC, Meyer N, Ouzunova M, Dubreuil P, Giauffret C, Madur D, Combes V, Dumas F, Bauland C, Jamin P, Laborde J, Flament P, Moreau L, Charcosset A. Dent and Flint maize diversity panels reveal important genetic potential for increasing biomass production. Theor Appl Genet 2014; 127:2313-31. [PMID: 25301321 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-014-2379-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2014] [Accepted: 08/15/2014] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Genetic and phenotypic analysis of two complementary maize panels revealed an important variation for biomass yield. Flowering and biomass QTL were discovered by association mapping in both panels. The high whole plant biomass productivity of maize makes it a potential source of energy in animal feeding and biofuel production. The variability and the genetic determinism of traits related to biomass are poorly known. We analyzed two highly diverse panels of Dent and Flint lines representing complementary heterotic groups for Northern Europe. They were genotyped with the 50 k SNP-array and phenotyped as hybrids (crossed to a tester of the complementary pool) in a western European field trial network for traits related to flowering time, plant height, and biomass. The molecular information revealed to be a powerful tool for discovering different levels of structure and relatedness in both panels. This study revealed important variation and potential genetic progress for biomass production, even at constant precocity. Association mapping was run by combining genotypes and phenotypes in a mixed model with a random polygenic effect. This permitted the detection of significant associations, confirming height and flowering time quantitative trait loci (QTL) found in literature. Biomass yield QTL were detected in both panels but were unstable across the environments. Alternative kinship estimator only based on markers unlinked to the tested SNP increased the number of significant associations by around 40% with a satisfying control of the false positive rate. This study gave insights into the variability and the genetic architectures of biomass-related traits in Flint and Dent lines and suggests important potential of these two pools for breeding high biomass yielding hybrid varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Rincent
- UMR de Génétique Végétale, INRA, Université Paris-Sud, CNRS, AgroParisTech, Ferme du Moulon, 91190, Gif-Sur-Yvette, France
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Rincent R, Moreau L, Monod H, Kuhn E, Melchinger AE, Malvar RA, Moreno-Gonzalez J, Nicolas S, Madur D, Combes V, Dumas F, Altmann T, Brunel D, Ouzunova M, Flament P, Dubreuil P, Charcosset A, Mary-Huard T. Recovering power in association mapping panels with variable levels of linkage disequilibrium. Genetics 2014; 197:375-87. [PMID: 24532779 PMCID: PMC4012494 DOI: 10.1534/genetics.113.159731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2013] [Accepted: 02/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Association mapping has permitted the discovery of major QTL in many species. It can be applied to existing populations and, as a consequence, it is generally necessary to take into account structure and relatedness among individuals in the statistical model to control false positives. We analytically studied power in association studies by computing noncentrality parameter of the tests and its relationship with parameters characterizing diversity (genetic differentiation between groups and allele frequencies) and kinship between individuals. Investigation of three different maize diversity panels genotyped with the 50k SNPs array highlighted contrasted average power among panels and revealed gaps of power of classical mixed models in regions with high linkage disequilibrium (LD). These gaps could be related to the fact that markers are used for both testing association and estimating relatedness. We thus considered two alternative approaches to estimating the kinship matrix to recover power in regions of high LD. In the first one, we estimated the kinship with all the markers that are not located on the same chromosome than the tested SNP. In the second one, correlation between markers was taken into account to weight the contribution of each marker to the kinship. Simulations revealed that these two approaches were efficient to control false positives and were more powerful than classical models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renaud Rincent
- Unité Mixte de Recherche de Génétique Végétale, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Université Paris-Sud, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- Biogemma, Genetics and Genomics in Cereals, 63720 Chappes, France
- Kleinwanzlebener Saatzucht Saat AG, 37555 Einbeck, Germany
- Limagrain, site d’Ulice, BP173, 63204 Riom Cedex, France
| | - Laurence Moreau
- Unité Mixte de Recherche de Génétique Végétale, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Université Paris-Sud, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Hervé Monod
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Unité de Mathématique et Informatique Appliquées, 78352 Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Estelle Kuhn
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Unité de Mathématique et Informatique Appliquées, 78352 Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Albrecht E. Melchinger
- Institute of Plant Breeding, Seed Science, and Population Genetics, University of Hohenheim, 70599, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Rosa A. Malvar
- Misión Biológica de Galicia, Spanish National Research Council, 36080 Pontevedra, Spain
| | | | - Stéphane Nicolas
- Unité Mixte de Recherche de Génétique Végétale, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Université Paris-Sud, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Delphine Madur
- Unité Mixte de Recherche de Génétique Végétale, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Université Paris-Sud, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Valérie Combes
- Unité Mixte de Recherche de Génétique Végétale, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Université Paris-Sud, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Fabrice Dumas
- Unité Mixte de Recherche de Génétique Végétale, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Université Paris-Sud, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Thomas Altmann
- Max-Planck Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476 Potsdam-Golm and Leibniz-Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), 06466 Gatersleben, Germany
| | - Dominique Brunel
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Etude du Polymorphisme des Génomes Végétaux, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique Institut de Génomique, Centre National de Génotypage, 91057 Evry, France
| | | | - Pascal Flament
- Limagrain, site d’Ulice, BP173, 63204 Riom Cedex, France
| | - Pierre Dubreuil
- Biogemma, Genetics and Genomics in Cereals, 63720 Chappes, France
| | - Alain Charcosset
- Unité Mixte de Recherche de Génétique Végétale, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Université Paris-Sud, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Tristan Mary-Huard
- Unité Mixte de Recherche de Génétique Végétale, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Université Paris-Sud, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique/AgroParisTech, Unité Mixte de Recherche 518, 75231, Paris, France
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Marris H, Deboudt K, Flament P, Grobéty B, Gieré R. Fe and Mn oxidation states by TEM-EELS in fine-particle emissions from a Fe-Mn alloy making plant. Environ Sci Technol 2013; 47:10832-10840. [PMID: 24000787 DOI: 10.1021/es400368s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Fine particles were sampled both inside the chimneys and in the near-field of an Fe-Mn-alloy manufacturing plant. The transfer from one point to another point in the environment, as well as the bioavailability and toxicity of these two metals, depend above all on their speciation. The oxidation states of iron and manganese in the collected particles were determined by using transmission electron microscopy coupled with electron energy-loss spectroscopy (TEM-EELS). The mineralogical identity of these metal-rich particles was determined by selected area electron diffraction (SAED) coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). This study shows that both iron and manganese in metallic particles are prone to oxidation reactions via gas/particle conversion mechanisms, which take place in the flue gases within the smoke stacks. This phenomenon is more pronounced for the smallest Fe-rich particles. However, no further change of oxidation state of the two elements was observed in the near-field of the plant, after emission into the atmosphere (within <2000 m of the smoke stacks). The oxidation states of iron and manganese remain mainly between +II and +III, which is probably due to short residence time of these particles in the pollution plume.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hélène Marris
- Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale , Laboratoire de Physico-Chimie de l'Atmosphère (LPCA), Bâtiment MREI2, 189A avenue Maurice Schumann, 59140 Dunkerque, France
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12
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Bauer E, Falque M, Walter H, Bauland C, Camisan C, Campo L, Meyer N, Ranc N, Rincent R, Schipprack W, Altmann T, Flament P, Melchinger AE, Menz M, Moreno-González J, Ouzunova M, Revilla P, Charcosset A, Martin OC, Schön CC. Intraspecific variation of recombination rate in maize. Genome Biol 2013; 14:R103. [PMID: 24050704 PMCID: PMC4053771 DOI: 10.1186/gb-2013-14-9-r103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2013] [Accepted: 09/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In sexually reproducing organisms, meiotic crossovers ensure the proper segregation of chromosomes and contribute to genetic diversity by shuffling allelic combinations. Such genetic reassortment is exploited in breeding to combine favorable alleles, and in genetic research to identify genetic factors underlying traits of interest via linkage or association-based approaches. Crossover numbers and distributions along chromosomes vary between species, but little is known about their intraspecies variation. RESULTS Here, we report on the variation of recombination rates between 22 European maize inbred lines that belong to the Dent and Flint gene pools. We genotype 23 doubled-haploid populations derived from crosses between these lines with a 50 k-SNP array and construct high-density genetic maps, showing good correspondence with the maize B73 genome sequence assembly. By aligning each genetic map to the B73 sequence, we obtain the recombination rates along chromosomes specific to each population. We identify significant differences in recombination rates at the genome-wide, chromosome, and intrachromosomal levels between populations, as well as significant variation for genome-wide recombination rates among maize lines. Crossover interference analysis using a two-pathway modeling framework reveals a negative association between re combination rate and interference strength. CONCLUSIONS To our knowledge, the present work provides the most comprehensive study on intraspecific variation of recombination rates and crossover interference strength in eukaryotes. Differences found in recombination rates will allow for selection of high or low recombining lines in crossing programs. Our methodology should pave the way for precise identification of genes controlling recombination rates in maize and other organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Bauer
- Plant Breeding, Technische Universität München, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Matthieu Falque
- INRA, UMR de Génétique Végétale/Université Paris-Sud - CNRS, 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Hildrun Walter
- Plant Breeding, Technische Universität München, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Cyril Bauland
- INRA, UMR de Génétique Végétale/Université Paris-Sud - CNRS, 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | | | - Laura Campo
- Centro Investigacións Agrarias Mabegondo (CIAM), 15080 La Coruña, Spain
| | | | | | - Renaud Rincent
- INRA, UMR de Génétique Végétale/Université Paris-Sud - CNRS, 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- Limagrain Europe, 63720 Chappes, France
- KWS SAAT AG, 37574 Einbeck, Germany
- BIOGEMMA, Genetics and Genomics in Cereals, 63720 Chappes, France
| | | | - Thomas Altmann
- Molecular Genetics, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), 06466 Gatersleben, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Pedro Revilla
- Misión Biológica de Galicia (CSIC), 36080 Pontevedra, Spain
| | - Alain Charcosset
- INRA, UMR de Génétique Végétale/Université Paris-Sud - CNRS, 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Olivier C Martin
- INRA, UMR de Génétique Végétale/Université Paris-Sud - CNRS, 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
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Deboudt K, Gloter A, Mussi A, Flament P. Red-ox speciation and mixing state of iron in individual African dust particles. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/2011jd017298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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14
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Marris H, Deboudt K, Augustin P, Flament P, Blond F, Fiani E, Fourmentin M, Delbarre H. Fast changes in chemical composition and size distribution of fine particles during the near-field transport of industrial plumes. Sci Total Environ 2012; 427-428:126-138. [PMID: 22542297 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.03.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2011] [Revised: 03/16/2012] [Accepted: 03/27/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Aerosol sampling was performed inside the chimneys and in the close environment of a FeMn alloys manufacturing plant. The number size distributions show a higher abundance of ultrafine aerosols (10-100 nm) inside the plume than upwind of the plant, indicating the emissions of nanoparticles by the industrial process. Individual analysis of particles collected inside the plume shows a high proportion of metal bearing particles (Mn-/Fe-) consisting essentially of internally mixed aluminosilicate and metallic compounds. These particles evolve rapidly (in a few minutes) after emission by adsorption of VOC gas and sulfuric acid emitted by the plant but also by agglomeration with pre-existing particles. At the moment, municipalities require a monitoring of industrial emissions inside the chimneys from manufacturers. However those measures are insufficient to report such rapid changes in chemical composition and thus to evaluate the real impact of industrial plumes in the close environment of plants (when those particles leave the industrial site). Consequently, environmental authorities will have to consider such fast evolutions and then to adapt future regulations on air pollution sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hélène Marris
- Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale, Laboratoire de Physico-Chimie de l'Atmosphère (LPCA), Bâtiment MREI2, 189A avenue Maurice Schumann, 59140 Dunkerque, France
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15
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Van Inghelandt D, Reif JC, Dhillon BS, Flament P, Melchinger AE. Extent and genome-wide distribution of linkage disequilibrium in commercial maize germplasm. Theor Appl Genet 2011; 123:11-20. [PMID: 21404061 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-011-1562-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2010] [Accepted: 02/15/2011] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Association mapping is based on linkage disequilibrium (LD) resulting from historical recombinations and helps understanding the genetic basis of complex traits. Many factors affect LD and, therefore, it must be determined empirically in the germplasm under investigation to examine the prospects of successful genome-wide association mapping. The objectives of our study were to (1) examine the extent of LD with simple sequence repeat (SSR) and single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers in 1,537 commercial maize inbred lines belonging to four heterotic pools, (2) compare the LD patterns determined by these two marker types, (3) evaluate the number of SNP markers needed to perform genome-wide association analyses, and (4) investigate temporal trends of LD. Mean values of the squared correlation coefficient ([Formula: see text]) were almost identical for unlinked, linked, and adjacent SSR marker pairs. In contrast, [Formula: see text] values were lowest for the unlinked SNP loci and highest for the SNPs within amplicons. LD decay varied across the different heterotic pools and the individual chromosomes. The SSR markers employed in the present study are not adequate for association analysis, because of insufficient marker density for the germplasm evaluated. Based on the decay of LD in the various heterotic pools, we would need between 4,000 and 65,000 SNP markers to detect with a reasonable power associations with rather large quantitative trait loci (QTL). A much higher marker density is required to identify QTL with smaller effects. However, not only the total number of markers but also their distribution among and along the chromosomes are primordial for undertaking powerful association analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delphine Van Inghelandt
- Institute of Plant Breeding, Seed Science, and Population Genetics, University of Hohenheim, 70593, Stuttgart, Germany.
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Deboudt K, Flament P, Choël M, Gloter A, Sobanska S, Colliex C. Mixing state of aerosols and direct observation of carbonaceous and marine coatings on African dust by individual particle analysis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1029/2010jd013921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Karine Deboudt
- Université Lille Nord de France; Lille France
- Laboratoire de Physico-Chimie de l'Atmosphere, UMR CNRS 8101; Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale; Dunkerque France
| | - Pascal Flament
- Université Lille Nord de France; Lille France
- Laboratoire de Physico-Chimie de l'Atmosphere, UMR CNRS 8101; Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale; Dunkerque France
| | - Marie Choël
- Université Lille Nord de France; Lille France
- Laboratoire de Spectrochimie InfraRouge et Raman, UMR CNRS 8516; Université des Sciences et Technologies de Lille; Villeneuve d'Ascq France
| | - Alexandre Gloter
- Laboratoire de Physique des Solides, UMR CNRS 8502; Université de Paris-Sud 11; Orsay France
| | - Sophie Sobanska
- Université Lille Nord de France; Lille France
- Laboratoire de Spectrochimie InfraRouge et Raman, UMR CNRS 8516; Université des Sciences et Technologies de Lille; Villeneuve d'Ascq France
| | - Christian Colliex
- Laboratoire de Physique des Solides, UMR CNRS 8502; Université de Paris-Sud 11; Orsay France
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17
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Flament P, Mattielli N, Aimoz L, Choël M, Deboudt K, de Jong J, Rimetz-Planchon J, Weis D. Iron isotopic fractionation in industrial emissions and urban aerosols. Chemosphere 2008; 73:1793-8. [PMID: 18851869 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2008.08.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2008] [Revised: 08/28/2008] [Accepted: 08/30/2008] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
A study on tropospheric aerosols involving Fe particles with an industrial origin is tackled here. Aerosols were collected at the largest exhausts of a major European steel metallurgy plant and around its near urban environment. A combination of bulk and individual particle analysis performed by SEM-EDX provides the chemical composition of Fe-bearing aerosols emitted within the factory process (hematite, magnetite and agglomerates of these oxides with sylvite (KCl), calcite (CaCO(3)) and graphite carbon). Fe isotopic compositions of those emissions fall within the range (0.08 per thousand<delta(56)Fe<+0.80 per thousand) of enriched ores processed by the manufacturer (-0.16 per thousand<delta(56)Fe<+1.19 per thousand). No significant evolution of Fe fractionation during steelworks processes is observed. At the industrial source, Fe is mainly present as oxide particles, to some extent in 3-4mum aggregates. In the close urban area, 5km away from the steel plant, individual particle analysis of collected aerosols presents, in addition to the industrial particle type, aluminosilicates and related natural particles (gypsum, quartz, calcite and reacted sea salt). The Fe isotopic composition (delta(56)Fe=0.14+/-0.11 per thousand) measured in the close urban environment of the steel metallurgy plant appears coherent with an external mixing of industrial and continental Fe-containing tropospheric aerosols, as evidenced by individual particle chemical analysis. Our isotopic data provide a first estimation of an anthropogenic source term as part of the study of photochemically promoted dissolution processes and related Fe fractionations in tropospheric aerosols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascal Flament
- UMR CNRS 8101 LPCA, Université du Littoral-Côte d'Opale, Dunkerque, France.
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18
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Roman A, Hanicq C, Flament P, El Mahi T, Vertongen F, Stevens E. Comparison of accuracy of three point-of-care glucometers in an adult ICU. Crit Care 2008. [PMCID: PMC4088537 DOI: 10.1186/cc6387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
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Abstract
Scanning electron microscopy combined with energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry is particularly suited to characterizing morphology and elemental composition of individual microparticles. Although not straightforward, quantitative X-ray microanalysis of low-Z-containing particles is achievable using atmospheric thin-window X-ray detectors. A critical aspect of light element analysis is the choice of substrate material. In this work, particles were deposited on specially developed boron substrates. Three case studies were investigated successively in the order of increasing difficulty. Firstly, hundreds of calcium carbonate (CaCO(3)) particles ranging in size from 0.3 to 10 microm were analyzed. Three quantitative procedures were tested: the "k-ratio" method, conventional ZAF correction, and Monte Carlo simulations. Average relative errors obtained by the reverse Monte Carlo quantitative program named CASINO were better than 2.5 wt %, carbon included. Secondly, further evaluation was carried out on a finely crushed biotite mineral, containing more than nine elements. Finally, airborne particulate matter, consisting of a complex heterogeneous mixture of particles, was investigated. By applying the Monte Carlo quantitative procedure, the observed particles were easily classified into particle types. Pure compounds (e.g., CaSO(4).2H(2)O, SiO(2), CaCO(3), etc) were directly assigned according to stoichiometry. In some cases (marine-derived particles), a partial reactivity of atmospheric particles was demonstrated by quantitative analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Choël
- Laboratoire Ecosystèmes Littoraux et Côtiers FRE CNRS 2816, Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale, 32 Avenue Foch, F-62930 Wimereux, France
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20
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Roman A, Janier-Dubry A, Hanicq C, Flament P, Vertongen F, Stevens E. Comparison of accuracy of glucose-oxidase-based and glucose-dehydrogenase-based point-of-care glucometers. Crit Care 2007. [PMCID: PMC4095196 DOI: 10.1186/cc5302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
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21
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Martin GH, Marty E, Flament P, Willemin R. The Eddith Thermolysis Process: a Ground-Breaking Solution for Clean Treatment of Wastes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.2516/ogst:1998020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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22
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Crepieux S, Lebreton C, Flament P, Charmet G. Application of a new IBD-based QTL mapping method to common wheat breeding population: analysis of kernel hardness and dough strength. Theor Appl Genet 2005; 111:1409-19. [PMID: 16142465 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-005-0073-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2004] [Accepted: 08/01/2005] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Mapping quantitative trait loci (QTL) in plants is usually conducted using a population derived from a cross between two inbred lines. The power of such QTL detection and the estimation of the effects highly depend on the choice of the two parental lines. Thus, the QTL found represent only a small part of the genetic architecture and can be of limited economical interest in marker-assisted selection. On the other hand, applied breeding programmes evaluate large numbers of progeny derived from multiple-related crosses for a wide range of agronomic traits. It is assumed that the development of statistical techniques to deal with pedigrees in existing plant populations would increase the relevance and cost effectiveness of QTL mapping in a breeding context. In this study, we applied a two-step IBD-based-variance component method to a real wheat breeding population, composed of 374 F6 lines derived from 80 different parents. Two bread wheat quality related traits were analysed by the method. Results obtained show very close agreement with major genes and QTL already known for those two traits. With this new QTL mapping strategy, inferences about QTL can be drawn across the breeding programme rather than being limited to the sample of progeny from a single cross and thus the use of the detected QTL in assisting breeding would be facilitated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastien Crepieux
- UMR 1095 INRA-UBP, 234 Av. du Brezet, 63039 Clermont-Ferrand Cedex, France.
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23
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Choël M, Deboudt K, Osán J, Flament P, Van Grieken R. Quantitative Determination of Low-Z Elements in Single Atmospheric Particles on Boron Substrates by Automated Scanning Electron Microscopy−Energy-Dispersive X-ray Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2005; 77:5686-92. [PMID: 16131082 DOI: 10.1021/ac050739x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Atmospheric aerosols consist of a complex heterogeneous mixture of particles. Single-particle analysis techniques are known to provide unique information on the size-resolved chemical composition of aerosols. A scanning electron microscope (SEM) combined with a thin-window energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) detector enables the morphological and elemental analysis of single particles down to 0.1 microm with a detection limit of 1-10 wt %, low-Z elements included. To obtain data statistically representative of the air masses sampled, a computer-controlled procedure can be implemented in order to run hundreds of single-particle analyses (typically 1000-2000) automatically in a relatively short period of time (generally 4-8 h, depending on the setup and on the particle loading). However, automated particle analysis by SEM-EDX raises two practical challenges: the accuracy of the particle recognition and the reliability of the quantitative analysis, especially for micrometer-sized particles with low atomic number contents. Since low-Z analysis is hampered by the use of traditional polycarbonate membranes, an alternate choice of substrate is a prerequisite. In this work, boron is being studied as a promising material for particle microanalysis. As EDX is generally said to probe a volume of approximately 1 microm3, geometry effects arise from the finite size of microparticles. These particle geometry effects must be corrected by means of a robust concentration calculation procedure. Conventional quantitative methods developed for bulk samples generate elemental concentrations considerably in error when applied to microparticles. A new methodology for particle microanalysis, combining the use of boron as the substrate material and a reverse Monte Carlo quantitative program, was tested on standard particles ranging from 0.25 to 10 microm. We demonstrate that the quantitative determination of low-Z elements in microparticles is achievable and that highly accurate results can be obtained using the automatic data processing described here compared to conventional methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Choël
- Laboratoire Ecosystèmes Littoraux et Côtiers, UMR CNRS 8013 ELICO, Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale, 32 avenue Foch, F-62930 Wimereux, France
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24
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Flament P, Bertho ML, Deboudt K, Véron A, Puskaric E. European isotopic signatures for lead in atmospheric aerosols: a source apportionment based upon 206Pb/207Pb ratios. Sci Total Environ 2002; 296:35-57. [PMID: 12398326 DOI: 10.1016/s0048-9697(02)00021-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
To investigate the capability of the lead isotope signature technique to support a source apportionment study at a Continental scale, atmospheric particulate matter was collected at Cap Gris-Nez (Eastern Channel, northern France), over one year (1995-1996). Four days retrospective trajectories of air masses were available during each sampling experiment. Twenty-eight samples, for which the origin of aerosols was unambiguously determined, were selected for isotopic measurements. Considering the Enrichment Factors, EF(Crust) of lead and its size distribution, we show that lead is mostly from anthropogenic origin and mainly associated with [0.4 < diameter < 0.9 microm] particles. The extent to which various Continental sources influence the lead abundance in aerosols is exhibited by considering both the lead concentration and the origin of air masses. Lead concentration is higher by a factor of approximately seven, when air masses are derived from Continental Europe, by comparison with marine air masses. Taking into account these concentrations and the vertical movements of air masses, we compare the different isotopic compositions using a statistical non-parametric test (Kolmogorov-Smirnov). We produce evidence that, for most of the cases, air masses originating from Continental Europe exhibit a more radiogenic composition (1.134 < 206Pb/207Pb < 1.172) than air masses coming from the United Kingdom (1.106 < 206Pb/207Pb < 1.124). Generally, lead isotopic compositions in aerosols are clearly distinct from the gasoline signatures in European countries, strongly suggesting that automotive lead is no longer the major component of this metal in the air. Gasoline and industrial isotopic signatures could explain the origin of lead in our aerosol samples. A source apportionment based upon 206Pb/207Pb ratios, suggests that the difference between British (206Pb/207Pb = 1.122 +/- 0.038) and Continental (206Pb/207Pb = 1.155 +/- 0.022) signatures may be largely explained by differences in the petrol lead content of aerosols (23-62% in Great Britain vs. 10-36% in Continental Europe).
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascal Flament
- Laboratoire de Biogéochimie et Environnement du Littoral, Université du Littoral-Cĵte d'Opale, CNRS/INSU 8013 ELICO, Wimereux, France.
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Letelier RM, Karl DM, Abbott MR, Flament P, Freilich M, Lukas R, Strub T. Role of late winter mesoscale events in the biogeochemical variability of the upper water column of the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1029/1999jc000306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Deboudt K, Flament P, Weis D, Mennessier JP, Maquinghen P. Assessment of pollution aerosols sources above the Straits of Dover using lead isotope geochemistry. Sci Total Environ 1999; 236:57-74. [PMID: 10535144 DOI: 10.1016/s0048-9697(99)00286-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/13/2023]
Abstract
We assess the capability of lead isotopes to study the transport of pollution aerosols above the Straits of Dover by collecting atmospheric aerosols above the Eastern Channel and the Southern Bight of the North Sea. During the same period, we characterized the lead isotopic signature of the main industrial sources on the French coast near the Straits of Dover. Urban and automobile-derived aerosols were also collected. Due to the phasing out of lead in gasoline, the urban isotopic composition (206Pb/207Pb = 1.158 +/- 0.003) has become more radiogenic, although it is highly variable. On a regional scale, major industrial emissions have a well-defined isotopic composition (1.13 < 206Pb/207Pb < 1.22), more radiogenic than the petrol-lead signature (1.06 < 206Pb/207Pb < 1.12). These results together with those measured near the main coastal highway show that the automobile source has become a minor component of particulate lead in air. On a local scale, Dunkerque, the most urbanized and industrialized area along the Straits of Dover, may transiently control elevated lead concentrations. Except for the occurrence of local and regional range transport episodes, lead concentrations in the Straits of Dover can be related to remote or semi-remote pollution source emissions. Combining air mass retrospective trajectories and related lead abundances and isotopic compositions, it can be shown that lead aerosols originating from eastern Europe have an isotopic signature (1.145 < 206Pb/207Pb < 1.169) different from the isotopic composition of west-European lead aerosols (1.111 < 206Pb/207Pb < 1.142). The influence of remote North American sources is suggested, with caution, due to uncertainties in meteorological calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Deboudt
- Université du Littoral-Côte d'Opale, LISE-ELICO (UPRES-A CNRS 8013), Wimereux, France
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Maas A, Flament P, Pardou A, Deplano A, Dramaix M, Struelens MJ. Central venous catheter-related bacteraemia in critically ill neonates: risk factors and impact of a prevention programme. J Hosp Infect 1998; 40:211-24. [PMID: 9830592 DOI: 10.1016/s0195-6701(98)90139-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Risk factors for central venous catheter (CVC)-related bacteraemia among infants admitted to a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) were analysed and the impact of surveillance and continuing education on the incidence of this complication investigated. Among patients admitted to a NICU, CVC-related bacteraemia increased from 1/15 (7%) in 1987 to 11/26 (42%) in 1988 (P = 0.01). Coagulase-negative staphylococci isolated from bacteraemia patients showed clonal diversity by plasmid and chromosomal fingerprinting. A review of CVC care procedures suggested breaches in aseptic techniques. Catheter-care technique was revised to ensure maximal aseptic precautions, including the use of sterile gloves, gown and drapes. The new policy was promoted by a continuing education programme and regular feed-back of CVC-related bacteraemia incidence to NICU staff. In the four-year follow-up period, the attack-rate of CVC-related bacteraemia decreased to 18/156 (12%) patients [relative risk (RR): 0.27, 95% confidence interval (CI); 0.15-0.51; P < 0.001 vs the previous period]. By using the Cox's model proportional hazards, very low birthweight and the period before use of strict aseptic CVC care were found to be predictors of increased risk of catheter-related bacteraemia after adjustment for duration of catheterization. These data provide further evidence that strict aseptic precautions during the maintenance and utilization of CVC can contribute to lower the risk of catheter infection in critically ill neonates. Regular feedback of surveillance data was associated with a progressive decrease in incidence of infection, suggesting that it improved staff compliance with aseptic precautions.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Maas
- Hospital Epidemiology and Infection Control Unit, School of Public Health, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Belgium
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Flament P. [Kangaroo care]. FNIB Info 1994:3-5. [PMID: 7662268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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Barker DG, Bianchi S, Blondon F, Dattée Y, Duc G, Essad S, Flament P, Gallusci P, Génier G, Guy P, Muel X, Tourneur J, Dénarié J, Huguet T. Medicago truncatula, a model plant for studying the molecular genetics of theRhizobium-legume symbiosis. Plant Mol Biol Rep 1990. [PMID: 0 DOI: 10.1007/bf02668879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
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Flament P, Remacle C. Ultrastructural aspects of streptozotocin cytotoxicity on rat pancreatic islets in vitro. Test of a protective effect of zinc. Virchows Arch B Cell Pathol Incl Mol Pathol 1987; 53:107-12. [PMID: 2887057 DOI: 10.1007/bf02890232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic islets, newly formed in vitro were incubated in the presence of streptozotocin (STZ; 0.4 mM) for up to 6 h. Ultrastructural changes first appeared between 2 and 4 h; heterochromatization, was followed by swelling of nuclear and reticular membranes, vesiculation of the Golgi apparatus, fragmentation of cell membranes and finally mitochondrial destruction. At the end of the experiment all the B cells were destroyed, whereas the other cell types remained intact. Exogenous ZnSO4 was added during preincubation periods to increase the intrainsular zinc content and to determine any protective effect against STZ-cytotoxicity. Since the addition of zinc had no obvious effect, it is suggested that STZ cytotoxicity on B cells cannot be attributed to competition for zinc between copper-zinc superoxide dismutase (Cu-Zn-SOD) and the crystallization of insulin.
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Weill ME, Flament P, Gouesbet G. Diameters and number densities of soot particles in premixed laminar flat flame propane/oxygen. Appl Opt 1983; 22:2407-2409. [PMID: 20404899 DOI: 10.1364/ao.22.2407_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
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