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Mirnezami AH, Drami I, Glyn T, Sutton PA, Tiernan J, Behrenbruch C, Guerra G, Waters PS, Woodward N, Applin S, Charles SJ, Rose SA, Denys A, Pape E, van Ramshorst GH, Baker D, Bignall E, Blair I, Davis P, Edwards T, Jackson K, Leendertse PG, Love-Mott E, MacKenzie L, Martens F, Meredith D, Nettleton SE, Trotman MP, van Hecke JJM, Weemaes AMJ, Abecasis N, Angenete E, Aziz O, Bacalbasa N, Barton D, Baseckas G, Beggs A, Brown K, Buchwald P, Burling D, Burns E, Caycedo-Marulanda A, Chang GJ, Coyne PE, Croner RS, Daniels IR, Denost QD, Drozdov E, Eglinton T, Espín-Basany E, Evans MD, Flatmark K, Folkesson J, Frizelle FA, Gallego MA, Gil-Moreno A, Goffredo P, Griffiths B, Gwenaël F, Harris DA, Iversen LH, Kandaswamy GV, Kazi M, Kelly ME, Kokelaar R, Kusters M, Langheinrich MC, Larach T, Lydrup ML, Lyons A, Mann C, McDermott FD, Monson JRT, Neeff H, Negoi I, Ng JL, Nicolaou M, Palmer G, Parnaby C, Pellino G, Peterson AC, Quyn A, Rogers A, Rothbarth J, Abu Saadeh F, Saklani A, Sammour T, Sayyed R, Smart NJ, Smith T, Sorrentino L, Steele SR, Stitzenberg K, Taylor C, Teras J, Thanapal MR, Thorgersen E, Vasquez-Jimenez W, Waller J, Weber K, Wolthuis A, Winter DC, Brangan G, Vimalachandran D, Aalbers AGJ, Abdul Aziz N, Abraham-Nordling M, Akiyoshi T, Alahmadi R, Alberda W, Albert M, Andric M, Angeles M, Antoniou A, Armitage J, Auer R, Austin KK, Aytac E, Baker RP, Bali M, Baransi S, Bebington B, Bedford M, Bednarski BK, Beets GL, Berg PL, Bergzoll C, Biondo S, Boyle K, Bordeianou L, Brecelj E, Bremers AB, Brunner M, Bui A, Burgess A, Burger JWA, Campain N, Carvalhal S, Castro L, Ceelen W, Chan KKL, Chew MH, Chok AK, Chong P, Christensen HK, Clouston H, Collins D, Colquhoun AJ, Constantinides J, Corr A, Coscia M, Cosimelli M, Cotsoglou C, Damjanovic L, Davies M, Davies RJ, Delaney CP, de Wilt JHW, Deutsch C, Dietz D, Domingo S, Dozois EJ, Duff M, Egger E, Enrique-Navascues JM, Espín-Basany E, Eyjólfsdóttir B, Fahy M, Fearnhead NS, Fichtner-Feigl S, Fleming F, Flor B, Foskett K, Funder J, García-Granero E, García-Sabrido JL, Gargiulo M, Gava VG, Gentilini L, George ML, George V, Georgiou P, Ghosh A, Ghouti L, Giner F, Ginther N, Glover T, Golda T, Gomez CM, Harris C, Hagemans JAW, Hanchanale V, Harji DP, Helbren C, Helewa RM, Hellawell G, Heriot AG, Hochman D, Hohenberger W, Holm T, Holmström A, Hompes R, Hornung B, Hurton S, Hyun E, Ito M, Jenkins JT, Jourand K, Kaffenberger S, Kapur S, Kanemitsu Y, Kaufman M, Kelley SR, Keller DS, Kersting S, Ketelaers SHJ, Khan MS, Khaw J, Kim H, Kim HJ, Kiran R, Koh CE, Kok NFM, Kontovounisios C, Kose F, Koutra M, Kraft M, Kristensen HØ, Kumar S, Lago V, Lakkis Z, Lampe B, Larsen SG, Larson DW, Law WL, Laurberg S, Lee PJ, Limbert M, Loria A, Lynch AC, Mackintosh M, Mantyh C, Mathis KL, Margues CFS, Martinez A, Martling A, Meijerink WJHJ, Merchea A, Merkel S, Mehta AM, McArthur DR, McCormick JJ, McGrath JS, McPhee A, Maciel J, Malde S, Manfredelli S, Mikalauskas S, Modest D, Morton JR, Mullaney TG, Navarro AS, Neto JWM, Nguyen B, Nielsen MB, Nieuwenhuijzen GAP, Nilsson PJ, Nordkamp S, O’Dwyer ST, Paarnio K, Pappou E, Park J, Patsouras D, Peacock O, Pfeffer F, Piqeur F, Pinson J, Poggioli G, Proud D, Quinn M, Oliver A, Radwan RW, Rajendran N, Rao C, Rasheed S, Rasmussen PC, Rausa E, Regenbogen SE, Reims HM, Renehan A, Rintala J, Rocha R, Rochester M, Rohila J, Rottoli M, Roxburgh C, Rutten HJT, Safar B, Sagar PM, Sahai A, Schizas AMP, Schwarzkopf E, Scripcariu D, Scripcariu V, Seifert G, Selvasekar C, Shaban M, Shaikh I, Shida D, Simpson A, Skeie-Jensen T, Smart P, Smith JJ, Solbakken AM, Solomon MJ, Sørensen MM, Spasojevic M, Steffens D, Stocchi L, Stylianides NA, Swartling T, Sumrien H, Swartking T, Takala H, Tan EJ, Taylor D, Tejedor P, Tekin A, Tekkis PP, Thaysen HV, Thurairaja R, Toh EL, Tsarkov P, Tolenaar J, Tsukada Y, Tsukamoto S, Tuech JJ, Turner G, Turner WH, Tuynman JB, Valente M, van Rees J, van Zoggel D, Vásquez-Jiménez W, Verhoef C, Vierimaa M, Vizzielli G, Voogt ELK, Uehara K, Wakeman C, Warrier S, Wasmuth HH, Weiser MR, Westney OL, Wheeler JMD, Wild J, Wilson M, Yano H, Yip B, Yip J, Yoo RN, Zappa MA. The empty pelvis syndrome: a core data set from the PelvEx collaborative. Br J Surg 2024; 111:znae042. [PMID: 38456677 PMCID: PMC10921833 DOI: 10.1093/bjs/znae042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Empty pelvis syndrome (EPS) is a significant source of morbidity following pelvic exenteration (PE), but is undefined. EPS outcome reporting and descriptors of radicality of PE are inconsistent; therefore, the best approaches for prevention are unknown. To facilitate future research into EPS, the aim of this study is to define a measurable core outcome set, core descriptor set and written definition for EPS. Consensus on strategies to mitigate EPS was also explored. METHOD Three-stage consensus methodology was used: longlisting with systematic review, healthcare professional event, patient engagement, and Delphi-piloting; shortlisting with two rounds of modified Delphi; and a confirmatory stage using a modified nominal group technique. This included a selection of measurement instruments, and iterative generation of a written EPS definition. RESULTS One hundred and three and 119 participants took part in the modified Delphi and consensus meetings, respectively. This encompassed international patient and healthcare professional representation with multidisciplinary input. Seventy statements were longlisted, seven core outcomes (bowel obstruction, enteroperineal fistula, chronic perineal sinus, infected pelvic collection, bowel obstruction, morbidity from reconstruction, re-intervention, and quality of life), and four core descriptors (magnitude of surgery, radiotherapy-induced damage, methods of reconstruction, and changes in volume of pelvic dead space) reached consensus-where applicable, measurement of these outcomes and descriptors was defined. A written definition for EPS was agreed. CONCLUSIONS EPS is an area of unmet research and clinical need. This study provides an agreed definition and core data set for EPS to facilitate further research.
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Pažur K, Francuzik W, El-Mahmoud H, Kraft M, Worm M. Proteomic, miRNA and bacterial biomarker patterns in atopic dermatitis patients and their course upon anti-IL-4Rα therapy. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2024. [PMID: 38379385 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.19911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Identification of biomarkers is required for a systems medicine approach and personalized treatment in atopic dermatitis (AD). These biomarkers may not only aid in diagnosing but also might be suitable to predict the effectiveness of targeted treatment. OBJECTIVE We aimed to identify proteomic, microbial and miRNA biomarkers in AD patients and investigated their course in relation to the clinical response upon anti-IL-4Rα therapy. METHODS Proteomic and miRNA screening was performed in AD patients in comparison to healthy controls. Differentially regulated serum proteins, miRNA and selected skin microbiota were measured consecutively in 50 AD patients before and upon systemic dupilumab treatment. A random forest classifier was used to predict the outcome of dupilumab therapy based on the initial biomarker patterns. RESULTS We identified 27 proteomic candidates, miRNA and three microbial strains to be dysregulated in AD. CCL17, CCL13, CCL22, E-selectin and BDNF were differently regulated and significantly associated with treatment response. In contrast, neither the microbial composition nor the miRNA pattern was associated with treatment response upon dupilumab treatment. CONCLUSION AD patients display defined dysregulations regarding their systemic proteomic serum profile, miRNA patterns and their skin microbiome. The proteomic profile and selected skin bacteria changed profoundly upon anti-IL-4Rα therapy which was associated with an overall clinical response. This was not seen in miRNA-related biomarkers. Our findings support the hypothesis that biomarker profiles reflect treatment responses and may in the future be used to develop a personalized medicine approach for the treatment of AD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Pažur
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - W Francuzik
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - H El-Mahmoud
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - M Kraft
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - M Worm
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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Schnabellehner S, Kraft M, Schoofs H, Ortsäter H, Mäkinen T. Penile cavernous sinusoids are Prox1-positive hybrid vessels. Vasc Biol 2024; 6:e230014. [PMID: 38051669 PMCID: PMC10831540 DOI: 10.1530/vb-23-0014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
Endothelial cells (ECs) of blood and lymphatic vessels have distinct identity markers that define their specialized functions. Recently, hybrid vasculatures with both blood and lymphatic vessel-specific features have been discovered in multiple tissues. Here, we identify the penile cavernous sinusoidal vessels (pc-Ss) as a new hybrid vascular bed expressing key lymphatic EC identity genes Prox1, Vegfr3,and Lyve1. Using single-cell transcriptome data of human corpus cavernosum tissue, we found heterogeneity within pc-S endothelia and observed distinct transcriptional alterations related to inflammatory processes in hybrid ECs in erectile dysfunction associated with diabetes. Molecular, ultrastructural, and functional studies further established hybrid identity of pc-Ss in mouse, and revealed their morphological adaptations and ability to perform lymphatic-like function in draining high-molecular-weight tracers. Interestingly, we found that inhibition of the key lymphangiogenic growth factor VEGF-C did not block the development of pc-Ss in mice, distinguishing them from other lymphatic and hybrid vessels analyzed so far. Our findings provide a detailed molecular characterization of hybrid pc-Ss and pave the way for the identification of molecular targets for therapies in conditions of dysregulated penile vasculature, including erectile dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Schnabellehner
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Marle Kraft
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Hans Schoofs
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Henrik Ortsäter
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Taija Mäkinen
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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West CT, West MA, Mirnezami AH, Drami I, Denys A, Glyn T, Sutton PA, Tiernan J, Behrenbruch C, Guerra G, Waters PS, Woodward N, Applin S, Charles SJ, Rose SA, Pape E, van Ramshorst GH, Aalbers AGJ, Abdul AN, Abecasis N, Abraham-Nordling M, Akiyoshi T, Alahmadi R, Alberda W, Albert M, Andric M, Angeles M, Angenete E, Antoniou A, Armitage J, Auer R, Austin KK, Aytac E, Aziz O, Bacalbasa N, Baker RP, Bali M, Baransi S, Baseckas G, Bebington B, Bedford M, Bednarski BK, Beets GL, Berg PL, Bergzoll C, Biondo S, Boyle K, Bordeianou L, Brecelj E, Bremers AB, Brown K, Brunner M, Buchwald P, Bui A, Burgess A, Burger JWA, Burling D, Burns E, Campain N, Carvalhal S, Castro L, Caycedo-Marulanda A, Ceelen W, Chan KKL, Chang GJ, Chew MH, Chok AK, Chong P, Christensen HK, Clouston H, Collins D, Colquhoun AJ, Constantinides J, Corr A, Coscia M, Cosimelli M, Cotsoglou C, Coyne PE, Croner RS, Damjanovic L, Daniels IR, Davies M, Davies RJ, Delaney CP, de Wilt JHW, Denost QD, Deutsch C, Dietz D, Domingo S, Dozois EJ, Drozdov E, Duff M, Egger E, Eglinton T, Enrique-Navascues JM, Espín-Basany E, Evans MD, Eyjólfsdóttir B, Fahy M, Fearnhead NS, Fichtner-Feigl S, Flatmark K, Fleming F, Flor B, Folkesson J, Foskett K, Frizelle FA, Funder J, Gallego MA, García-Granero E, García-Sabrido JL, Gargiulo M, Gava VG, Gentilini L, George ML, George V, Georgiou P, Ghosh A, Ghouti L, Gil-Moreno A, Giner F, Ginther N, Glover T, Goffredo P, Golda T, Gomez CM, Griffiths B, Gwenaël F, Harris C, Harris DA, Hagemans JAW, Hanchanale V, Harji DP, Helbren C, Helewa RM, Hellawell G, Heriot AG, Hochman D, Hohenberger W, Holm T, Holmström A, Hompes R, Hornung B, Hurton S, Hyun E, Ito M, Iversen LH, Jenkins JT, Jourand K, Kaffenberger S, Kandaswamy GV, Kapur S, Kanemitsu Y, Kaufman M, Kazi M, Kelley SR, Keller DS, Kelly ME, Kersting S, Ketelaers SHJ, Khan MS, Khaw J, Kim H, Kim HJ, Kiran R, Koh CE, Kok NFM, Kokelaar R, Kontovounisios C, Kose F, Koutra M, Kraft M, Kristensen HØ, Kumar S, Kusters M, Lago V, Lakkis Z, Lampe B, Langheinrich MC, Larach T, Larsen SG, Larson DW, Law WL, Laurberg S, Lee PJ, Limbert M, Loria A, Lydrup ML, Lyons A, Lynch AC, Mackintosh M, Mann C, Mantyh C, Mathis KL, Margues CFS, Martinez A, Martling A, Meijerink WJHJ, Merchea A, Merkel S, Mehta AM, McArthur DR, McCormick JJ, McDermott FD, McGrath JS, McPhee A, Maciel J, Malde S, Manfredelli S, Mikalauskas S, Modest D, Monson JRT, Morton JR, Mullaney TG, Navarro AS, Neeff H, Negoi I, Neto JWM, Nguyen B, Nielsen MB, Nieuwenhuijzen GAP, Nilsson PJ, Nordkamp S, O’Dwyer ST, Paarnio K, Palmer G, Pappou E, Park J, Patsouras D, Peacock A, Pellino G, Peterson AC, Pfeffer F, Piqeur F, Pinson J, Poggioli G, Proud D, Quinn M, Oliver A, Quyn A, Radwan RW, Rajendran N, Rao C, Rasheed S, Rasmussen PC, Rausa E, Regenbogen SE, Reims HM, Renehan A, Rintala J, Rocha R, Rochester M, Rohila J, Rothbarth J, Rottoli M, Roxburgh C, Rutten HJT, Safar B, Sagar PM, Sahai A, Saklani A, Sammour T, Sayyed R, Schizas AMP, Schwarzkopf E, Scripcariu D, Scripcariu V, Seifert G, Selvasekar C, Shaban M, Shaikh I, Shida D, Simpson A, Skeie-Jensen T, Smart NJ, Smart P, Smith JJ, Smith T, Solbakken AM, Solomon MJ, Sørensen MM, Spasojevic M, Steele SR, Steffens D, Stitzenberg K, Stocchi L, Stylianides NA, Swartling T, Sumrien H, Swartking T, Takala H, Tan EJ, Taylor C, Taylor D, Tejedor P, Tekin A, Tekkis PP, Teras J, Thanapal MR, Thaysen HV, Thorgersen E, Thurairaja R, Toh EL, Tsarkov P, Tolenaar J, Tsukada Y, Tsukamoto S, Tuech JJ, Turner G, Turner WH, Tuynman JB, Valente M, van Rees J, van Zoggel D, Vásquez-Jiménez W, Verhoef C, Vierimaa M, Vizzielli G, Voogt ELK, Uehara K, Wakeman C, Warrier S, Wasmuth HH, Weber K, Weiser MR, Westney OL, Wheeler JMD, Wild J, Wilson M, Wolthuis A, Yano H, Yip B, Yip J, Yoo RN, Zappa MA, Winter DC. Empty pelvis syndrome: PelvEx Collaborative guideline proposal. Br J Surg 2023; 110:1730-1731. [PMID: 37757457 PMCID: PMC10805575 DOI: 10.1093/bjs/znad301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
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Petkova M, Kraft M, Stritt S, Martinez-Corral I, Ortsäter H, Vanlandewijck M, Jakic B, Baselga E, Castillo SD, Graupera M, Betsholtz C, Mäkinen T. Immune-interacting lymphatic endothelial subtype at capillary terminals drives lymphatic malformation. J Exp Med 2023; 220:e20220741. [PMID: 36688917 PMCID: PMC9884640 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20220741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Oncogenic mutations in PIK3CA, encoding p110α-PI3K, are a common cause of venous and lymphatic malformations. Vessel type-specific disease pathogenesis is poorly understood, hampering development of efficient therapies. Here, we reveal a new immune-interacting subtype of Ptx3-positive dermal lymphatic capillary endothelial cells (iLECs) that recruit pro-lymphangiogenic macrophages to promote progressive lymphatic overgrowth. Mouse model of Pik3caH1047R-driven vascular malformations showed that proliferation was induced in both venous and lymphatic ECs but sustained selectively in LECs of advanced lesions. Single-cell transcriptomics identified the iLEC population, residing at lymphatic capillary terminals of normal vasculature, that was expanded in Pik3caH1047R mice. Expression of pro-inflammatory genes, including monocyte/macrophage chemokine Ccl2, in Pik3caH1047R-iLECs was associated with recruitment of VEGF-C-producing macrophages. Macrophage depletion, CCL2 blockade, or anti-inflammatory COX-2 inhibition limited Pik3caH1047R-driven lymphangiogenesis. Thus, targeting the paracrine crosstalk involving iLECs and macrophages provides a new therapeutic opportunity for lymphatic malformations. Identification of iLECs further indicates that peripheral lymphatic vessels not only respond to but also actively orchestrate inflammatory processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milena Petkova
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Marle Kraft
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Simon Stritt
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ines Martinez-Corral
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Henrik Ortsäter
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Michael Vanlandewijck
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Campus Flemingsberg, Neo, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Bojana Jakic
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Eulàlia Baselga
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Sandra D. Castillo
- Endothelial Pathobiology and Microenvironment Group, Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute (IJC), Badalona, Spain
| | - Mariona Graupera
- Endothelial Pathobiology and Microenvironment Group, Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute (IJC), Badalona, Spain
- CIBERONC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- ICREA, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Christer Betsholtz
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Campus Flemingsberg, Neo, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Taija Mäkinen
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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Dong R, Lanier K, Kraft C, Skoracki R, Lehrman C, Kraft M. SAFETY OF CEFAZOLIN PERIOPERATIVE PROPHYLAXIS IN PLASTIC SURGERY PATIENTS WITH PENICILLIN ALLERGY. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2022.08.553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Viverios M, Rismiller K, Kraft M. APPROACHING THE STIFF UPPER LIP: A CASE OF PSEUDOANGIOEDEMA DIAGNOSED AS OROFACIAL GRANULOMATOSIS. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2022.08.820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Tan G, Kraft M. ASYMPTOMATIC EOSINOPHILIA WITH REACTIVE HYPERGAMMAGLOBULINEMIA. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2022.08.976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Kraft M, Wiedmann F, Foerster KI, Sauter M, Paasche A, Blochberger PL, Yesilgoez B, L'hoste Y, Arif R, Warnecke G, Karck M, Frey N, Burhenne J, Haefeli WE, Schmidt C. Comparison of the antiarrhythmic potential of doxapram and its metabolite ketodoxaparam. Eur Heart J 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehac544.2693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
A few years ago, the TASK-1 channel has been established as a potential new target for the therapy of atrial fibrillation (AF). In the heart, TASK-1 is almost exclusively expressed in the atria and is significantly upregulated in AF patients. Therefore, it plays an important role in the shortening of the atrial action potential observed during AF, making TASK-1 a promising target for AF therapy. This could be proven in a porcine model of persistent AF in which an intravenous application of the TASK-1 inhibitor doxapram led to a termination of AF and the restoration of sinus rhythm (SR). Doxapram's metabolite ketodoxapam is described in the literature as being active with limited data available on its usage. Therefore, the effect of ketodoxapram on TASK-1 and its possible use in AF therapy still needs to be investigated.
Purpose
The purpose of the present study was to assess the potential of ketodoxapram in the termination of AF. Furthermore, a comparison between doxapram and ketodoxapram was performed based on electrophysiological and pharmacological data.
Methods
UPLC-MS/MS assays were developed and validated for the measurement of doxapram and ketodoxapram in porcine plasma and brain tissue. Using these assays, the pharmacokinetics of both substances, after intravenous injections of 1 mg/kg, were determined in pigs. Furthermore, brain and plasma concentrations were measured to assess brain-to-plasma ratios. A porcine AF model was used to estimate the antiarrhythmic potential. Electrophysiological properties were evaluated, using two-electrode voltage clamp experiment on Xenopus laevis oocytes which heterologously expressed atrial potassium channels, to calculate the effect of doxapram and ketodoxapram on channel function. Furthermore, whole-cell patch clamp measurements were performed on isolated human cardiomyocytes.
Results
Doxapram and ketodoxapram showed strong inhibitory effects on TASK-1 (IC50 1.0 μM and 0.8 μM) and TASK-3 (5.9 μM and 1.5 μM), but no significant effect on the other measured ion channels. The maximal inhibition on TASK-1 was 96%. The brain-to-plasma ratio for doxapram (0.58) was almost ten-fold higher than for ketodoxapram (0.065), hinting at a reduced crossing of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) for ketodoxapram. The terminal half-life (t1/2) of ketodoxapram (1.71 h) was longer and the maximal concentration (Cmax; 4,604 ng/ml) was higher than for doxapram (1.38 h; 1,780 ng/ml). In a porcine model of AF, ketodoxapram led to a significantly reduced AF burdens comparable to doxapram.
Conclusions
Doxapram and ketodoxapram both show strong inhibitory effects on TASK-1, making them good candidates for a TASK-1 based AF therapy. Ketodoxapram with its longer t1/2, reduced crossing of the BBB and higher Cmax points towards a possible superiority in the treatment of AF compared to doxapram. Studies in a porcine AF model showed promising results for the use of doxapram and ketodoxapram in AF therapy.
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding sources: Public grant(s) – National budget only. Main funding source(s): German Research Foundation
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Affiliation(s)
- M Kraft
- University Hospital of Heidelberg , Heidelberg , Germany
| | - F Wiedmann
- University Hospital of Heidelberg , Heidelberg , Germany
| | - K I Foerster
- University Hospital of Heidelberg , Heidelberg , Germany
| | - M Sauter
- University Hospital of Heidelberg , Heidelberg , Germany
| | - A Paasche
- University Hospital of Heidelberg , Heidelberg , Germany
| | | | - B Yesilgoez
- University Hospital of Heidelberg , Heidelberg , Germany
| | - Y L'hoste
- University Hospital of Heidelberg , Heidelberg , Germany
| | - R Arif
- University Hospital of Heidelberg , Heidelberg , Germany
| | - G Warnecke
- University Hospital of Heidelberg , Heidelberg , Germany
| | - M Karck
- University Hospital of Heidelberg , Heidelberg , Germany
| | - N Frey
- University Hospital of Heidelberg , Heidelberg , Germany
| | - J Burhenne
- University Hospital of Heidelberg , Heidelberg , Germany
| | - W E Haefeli
- University Hospital of Heidelberg , Heidelberg , Germany
| | - C Schmidt
- University Hospital of Heidelberg , Heidelberg , Germany
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Paasche A, Wiedmann F, Javorszky N, Yesilgoez B, Blochberger P, Kraft M, Frey N, Schmidt C. Dapagliflozin exhibits class I antiarrhythmic effects which suppress action potential formation in human atrial cardiomyocytes. Eur Heart J 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehac544.358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Recently, inhibitors of sodium-glucose transporter 2 (SGLT2i) were shown to have tremendous cardioprotective effects in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) as well as heart failure (HF) patients, regardless of their glycemic status. Among other beneficial effects on cardiovascular outcome an antiarrhythmic effect of SGLT2i was indicated. In patients with T2DM therapy with SGLT2i was associated with a significantly reduced risk of atrial arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death. As sodium-glucose transporter 2 (SGLT2) is not expressed within the heart underlying molecular modes of action remain unclear. Therefore, investigating possible antiarrhythmic mechanisms is crucial to determine whether SGLT2i might be beneficial for all patients suffering from arrhythmias, regardless of other comorbidities.
Purpose
To assess antiarrhythmic effects of SGLT2i on a molecular and cellular level. Therefore, direct electrophysiological effects of dapagliflozin – the most advanced SGLT2i in clinical trials – on action potential (AP) formation in atrial cardiomyocytes (CM) was investigated.
Methods
Effects of dapagliflozin on human NaV1.5, heterologously expressed in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells, was investigated using the patch-clamp method. Further, effects on voltage-gated sodium channels (NaV) were also measured in human atrial CM. Consequences of dapagliflozin treatment on AP formation were studied on isolated human and porcine atrial CM using the patch-clamp technique. APs were elicited in current-clamp mode by injection of brief current pulses.
Results
Dapagliflozin (100 μM) significantly decreased peak sodium currents in human atrial CM as well as CHO cells, expressing human NaV1.5 channel subunits. Additionally, half-activation potential of voltage-gated sodium channels was significantly increased after administration of dapagliflozin. Furthermore, dapagliflozin (100 μM) suppressed AP formation in CM isolated from human and porcine left and right atrial tissue. In human CM action potential amplitude (APA) was significantly reduced by 34.3%, while APA inhibition by dapagliflozin averaged out at 30.7% for porcine CM. In porcine CM action potential duration at 50% (APD50) and 90% repolarization (APD90) were also significantly reduced.
Conclusion
Dapagliflozin suppresses AP formation in human and porcine atrial CM by inhibiting voltage-gated sodium currents. Therefore, we suppose that dapagliflozin exhibits class I antiarrhythmic effects.
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding sources: None.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Paasche
- University Hospital of Heidelberg, Cardiology , Heidelberg , Germany
| | - F Wiedmann
- University Hospital of Heidelberg, Cardiology , Heidelberg , Germany
| | - N Javorszky
- University Hospital of Heidelberg, Cardiology , Heidelberg , Germany
| | - B Yesilgoez
- University Hospital of Heidelberg, Cardiology , Heidelberg , Germany
| | - P Blochberger
- University Hospital of Heidelberg, Cardiology , Heidelberg , Germany
| | - M Kraft
- University Hospital of Heidelberg, Cardiology , Heidelberg , Germany
| | - N Frey
- University Hospital of Heidelberg, Cardiology , Heidelberg , Germany
| | - C Schmidt
- University Hospital of Heidelberg, Cardiology , Heidelberg , Germany
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11
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Wiedmann F, Paasche A, Yesilgoez B, Kraft M, Blochberger PL, Frey N, Schmidt C. Evaluating the reversibility potential of atrial cardiomyopathy on a clinical and cellular level. Eur Heart J 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehac544.502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common sustained cardiac arrhythmia and is associated with various remodelling processes of the electrical and structural properties of the atrium, collectively referred to as atrial cardiomyopathy. Because these remodelling processes contribute significantly to the high recurrence rates and chronification of AF, the exact time course of their development and their reversion potential need to be further characterized.
Purpose
To investigate the time course and reversibility of atrial cardiomyopathy on a clinical, cellular and molecular level.
Methods
A clinically relevant porcine large animal model was used to study the structural and functional implications of atrial cardiomyopathy after different periods of burst pacing-induced AF (2, 4 and 8 weeks) and after a recovery period, following electrical cardioversion. The pigs were clinically characterized at each time point by echocardiography, cardiac MRI, and electrophysiological studies. After extraction of the heart, action potentials (APs) and ionic currents were measured on isolated atrial cardiomyocytes (CM) using the patch-clamp technique.
Results
After 4 weeks of AF induction, APD90 of isolated atrial cardiomyocytes was attenuated by 26%. Extending the AF induction period to 8 weeks caused an even stronger APD90 reduction by one-third, compared to SR controls. Accompanying, the TASK-1 current density was strongly upregulated in AF pigs. Those observations were in line with significant changes of the right atrial effective refractory period (AERP). At baseline, AERPS1=400 ms yielded 186 ms, whereas it was reduced to 141 ms after eight weeks of AF. Addressing the reversibility of those changes, following cardioversion of AF and an 8 week long SR recovery period, AERP baseline values were almost restored. Likewise, APD90 shortening was partially reversed. Furthermore, indication of reversibility of AF-associated remodelling was also observed on a structural level. After eight weeks of AF induction, echocardiography revealed severe dilatation of both atria, whereas atrial diameters decreased significantly after restoration of SR.
Conclusion
Remodelling processes underlying atrial cardiomyopathy display a partial reversibility upon restoration and maintenance of SR.
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding sources: Public grant(s) – National budget only. Main funding source(s): DFG German Research Foundation
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Affiliation(s)
- F Wiedmann
- University Hospital of Heidelberg, Department of Internal Medicine III , Heidelberg , Germany
| | - A Paasche
- University Hospital of Heidelberg, Department of Internal Medicine III , Heidelberg , Germany
| | - B Yesilgoez
- University Hospital of Heidelberg, Department of Internal Medicine III , Heidelberg , Germany
| | - M Kraft
- University Hospital of Heidelberg, Department of Internal Medicine III , Heidelberg , Germany
| | - P L Blochberger
- University Hospital of Heidelberg, Department of Internal Medicine III , Heidelberg , Germany
| | - N Frey
- University Hospital of Heidelberg, Department of Internal Medicine III , Heidelberg , Germany
| | - C Schmidt
- University Hospital of Heidelberg, Department of Internal Medicine III , Heidelberg , Germany
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12
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Schmidt C, Wiedmann F, Wiedmann F, Blochberger P, Blochberger P, Paasche A, Paasche A, Yesilgoez B, Yesilgoez B, Kraft M, Kraft M, Loewe A, Loewe A, Kallenberger S, Kallenberger S, Frey N, Frey N. Atrial tattoos lines: a new method to terminate atrial fibrillation. Eur Heart J 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehac544.580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common cardiac arrhythmia affecting more than 4% of the world's population. Furthermore, the vulnerable substrate underlying atrial cardiomyopathy remains far from being understood. Atrial cardiomyopathy is a highly complex and heterogeneous disease that occurs in the context of various clinical backgrounds, which explains the heterogenous success of established atrial ablation strategies such as pulmonary vein isolation. Here we developed a new interventional method for the treatment of AF using a tattooing procedure of silver nanowires in the atria to create circular lines of increased conductivity to prevent irregular electrical propagation.
Purpose
In a translational study, we tested a newly developed interventional method to terminate AF by injecting lines of silver nanowires to increase tissue conductivity.
Methods
The developed tattoo method was tested in vivo using an established large animal AF model of the domestic pig. Pigs (n=10) with atrial fibrillation were either treated with right atrial tattoo lines using a transmural injection procedure of silver nanowires as closed lines in the atrium or got a sham treatment with saline injections. Over 21 days, AF was induced and monitored (AF burden) by an intracardiac dual-chamber device with a biofeedback induction algorithm. Initially and before final termination, conventional electrophysiological investigation and atrial 3D mapping, echocardiography and epicardial multi electrode array (MEA) measurements were performed. Following the 21 days observation period, the heart was extracted and freshly isolated atrial cardiomyocytes were subjected to cellular electrophysiological, molecular and histochemical characterization. Electrophysiological data was used for in silico modelling of arrhythmia termination and wave propagation. The study protocol was approved by the animal ethics committee.
Results
The AF burden was significantly reduced (AF burden <10%) in the group treated with the new atrial tattoo line method compared to sham treated pigs. The bi-atrial diameters, quantified by echocardiography, were significantly smaller in the treatment group. Atrial refractory period was significantly shorter in the sham treated pigs. A significant increase of connexin 43 was observed in the injection area of silver nanowires in the myocardium. Measurements with MEA demonstrated increased conduction velocity by a factor of 1.5–2.0 in the areas of silver nanowire injections. Additionally, in silico modelling showed the termination of AF via the created conduction lines.
Conclusion
The newly developed interventional method of the creation of atrial lines with increased tissue conductivity using silver nanowires could successfully terminate AF in pigs. Perspectively, this new myocardial tattooing technique may be a promising treatment strategy for patients with complex atrial cardiomyopathies to terminate atrial arrhythmias.
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding sources: Foundation. Main funding source(s): Else Kröner Fresenius Foundation
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Affiliation(s)
- C Schmidt
- University Hospital of Heidelberg, Cardiology , Heidelberg , Germany
| | - F Wiedmann
- University Hospital of Heidelberg, Cardiology , Heidelberg , Germany
| | - F Wiedmann
- University Hospital of Heidelberg, Cardiology , Heidelberg , Germany
| | - P Blochberger
- University Hospital of Heidelberg, Cardiology , Heidelberg , Germany
| | - P Blochberger
- University Hospital of Heidelberg, Cardiology , Heidelberg , Germany
| | - A Paasche
- University Hospital of Heidelberg, Cardiology , Heidelberg , Germany
| | - A Paasche
- University Hospital of Heidelberg, Cardiology , Heidelberg , Germany
| | - B Yesilgoez
- University Hospital of Heidelberg, Cardiology , Heidelberg , Germany
| | - B Yesilgoez
- University Hospital of Heidelberg, Cardiology , Heidelberg , Germany
| | - M Kraft
- University Hospital of Heidelberg, Cardiology , Heidelberg , Germany
| | - M Kraft
- University Hospital of Heidelberg, Cardiology , Heidelberg , Germany
| | - A Loewe
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) , Karlsruhe , Germany
| | - A Loewe
- University Hospital of Heidelberg, Cardiology , Heidelberg , Germany
| | - S Kallenberger
- University Hospital of Heidelberg, Cardiology , Heidelberg , Germany
| | - S Kallenberger
- University Hospital of Heidelberg, Cardiology , Heidelberg , Germany
| | - N Frey
- University Hospital of Heidelberg, Cardiology , Heidelberg , Germany
| | - N Frey
- University Hospital of Heidelberg, Cardiology , Heidelberg , Germany
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Gómez-Puerto D, Benini L, Hernando J, García Álvarez A, Vega-Cano S, Molina Lores G, Yaringaño J, López D, Salva de Torres C, Ucha Hermida J, Bueno S, Navalpotro B, Roca M, Vallrivera Valls F, Martí Gallostra M, Kraft M, Sanchez Garcia J, Solis A, Marinello F, Capdevila J, Espín Basany E. P-149 Impact of COVID-19 pandemic and total neoadjuvant therapy (TNT) implementation in pathological complete response (pCR) rates in patients (pts) with locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC). Ann Oncol 2022. [PMCID: PMC9250155 DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2022.04.239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
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14
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Wiedmann F, Boondej E, Stanifer M, Paasche A, Kraft M, Seeger T, Uhrig U, Frey N, Boulant S, Schmidt C. The COVID-19 viral 3a protein forms a potassium channel that can be inhibited by antiarrhythmic drugs. Europace 2022. [PMCID: PMC9384171 DOI: 10.1093/europace/euac053.604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Funding Acknowledgements
Type of funding sources: Public Institution(s). Main funding source(s): Deutsche Gesellschaft für Kardiologie /German Cardiac Society Joachim Herz Stiftung /Joachim Herz Foundation
Background/Introduction
Supraventricular and ventricular arrhythmias can often be observed in patients with COVID-19 infection. Both, the clinically observed increase in cardiac biomarkers as well as histological studies indicate virus replication within cardiomyocytes. The 3a open reading frame of the viral genome encodes for a transmembrane protein that is transported to the cell membrane where it can serve as a potassium channel.
Purpose
The aim of this study was to investigate whether COVID-19 infected induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived cardiomyocytes also express the 3a protein and whether the potassium currents that are conducted through the 3a protein can be inhibited by clinically used antiarrhythmic drugs.
Methods and Results
iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes were infected with COVID-19 and subsequently subjected to immunoblotting, where expression of the 3a protein could be observed. Plasmid DNA, encoding the COVID-19 3a protein, was generated by gene synthesis and used for in vitro transcription of cRNA. 3–5 days after intracytoplasmic injection of the 3a protein cRNA into Xenopus laevis oocytes, potassium currents could be measured by two-electrode voltage clamp recordings. While class I and class IV antiarrhythmic drugs showed only minor effects on the potassium currents of the 3a protein, a robust inhibition by several beta-blockers and by class III antiarrhythmic drugs could be observed. The strongest effects were found with dofetilide (58.1 % inhibition at 100 µM) and amiodarone (50.1 % inhibition at 100 µM, IC50 level 4.7 µM). An in silico docking analysis, based on the recently revealed crystal structure of the 3a protein, identified the amino acid residues K61 and D142 as part of the binding site of amiodarone. After deactivation of these amino acid residues by site-directed mutagenesis, the inhibition by amiodarone was significantly attenuated.
Conclusion
The COVID-19 viral 3a protein is expressed in COVID-19-infected iPS-derived cardiomyocytes and forms a potassium channel that can be inhibited by antiarrhythmic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Wiedmann
- University Hospital of Heidelberg, Department of Internal Medicine III, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - E Boondej
- University Hospital of Heidelberg, Department of Internal Medicine III, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - M Stanifer
- University of Heidelberg, Center for Integrative Infectious Disease research, Department of Infectious Diseases, Virology, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - A Paasche
- University Hospital of Heidelberg, Department of Internal Medicine III, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - M Kraft
- University Hospital of Heidelberg, Department of Internal Medicine III, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - T Seeger
- University Hospital of Heidelberg, Department of Internal Medicine III, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - U Uhrig
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Chemical Biology Core Facility, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - N Frey
- University Hospital of Heidelberg, Department of Internal Medicine III, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - S Boulant
- University of Heidelberg, Center for Integrative Infectious Disease research, Department of Infectious Diseases, Virology, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - C Schmidt
- University Hospital of Heidelberg, Department of Internal Medicine III, Heidelberg, Germany
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15
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Tomchaney M, Contoli M, Mayo J, Baraldo S, Li S, Cabel CR, Bull DA, Lick S, Malo J, Knoper S, Kim SS, Tram J, Rojas-Quintero J, Kraft M, Ledford JG, Tesfaigzi Y, Martinez FD, Thorne CA, Kheradmand F, Campos SK, Papi A, Polverino F. Paradoxical effects of cigarette smoke and COPD on SARS-CoV-2 infection and disease. BMC Pulm Med 2021; 21:275. [PMID: 34425811 PMCID: PMC8381712 DOI: 10.1186/s12890-021-01639-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND How cigarette smoke (CS) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) affect severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV2) infection and severity is controversial. We investigated the effects of COPD and CS on the expression of SARS-CoV-2 entry receptor ACE2 in vivo in COPD patients and controls and in CS-exposed mice, and the effects of CS on SARS-CoV-2 infection in human bronchial epithelial cells in vitro. METHODS We quantified: (1) pulmonary ACE2 protein levels by immunostaining and ELISA, and both ACE2 and/or TMPRSS2 mRNA levels by RT-qPCR in two independent human cohorts; and (2) pulmonary ACE2 protein levels by immunostaining and ELISA in C57BL/6 WT mice exposed to air or CS for up to 6 months. The effects of CS exposure on SARS-CoV-2 infection were evaluated after in vitro infection of Calu-3 cells and differentiated human bronchial epithelial cells (HBECs), respectively. RESULTS ACE2 protein and mRNA levels were decreased in peripheral airways from COPD patients versus controls but similar in central airways. Mice exposed to CS had decreased ACE2 protein levels in their bronchial and alveolar epithelia versus air-exposed mice. CS treatment decreased viral replication in Calu-3 cells, as determined by immunofluorescence staining for replicative double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) and western blot for viral N protein. Acute CS exposure decreased in vitro SARS-CoV-2 replication in HBECs, as determined by plaque assay and RT-qPCR. CONCLUSIONS ACE2 levels were decreased in both bronchial and alveolar epithelial cells from COPD patients versus controls, and from CS-exposed versus air-exposed mice. CS-pre-exposure potently inhibited SARS-CoV-2 replication in vitro. These findings urge to investigate further the controversial effects of CS and COPD on SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Tomchaney
- Asthma and Airway Disease Research Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85719, USA
| | - M Contoli
- Respiratory Unit, Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - J Mayo
- Asthma and Airway Disease Research Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85719, USA
| | - S Baraldo
- Department of Cardiological, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - S Li
- Department of Immunobiology, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, USA
| | - C R Cabel
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, USA
| | - D A Bull
- Thoracic Surgery, University of Arizona, Tucson, USA
| | - S Lick
- Thoracic Surgery, University of Arizona, Tucson, USA
| | - J Malo
- Thoracic Surgery, University of Arizona, Tucson, USA
| | - S Knoper
- Thoracic Surgery, University of Arizona, Tucson, USA
| | - S S Kim
- Thoracic Surgery, Northwester University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - J Tram
- Asthma and Airway Disease Research Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85719, USA
| | - J Rojas-Quintero
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - M Kraft
- Asthma and Airway Disease Research Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85719, USA
| | - J G Ledford
- Asthma and Airway Disease Research Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85719, USA
| | - Y Tesfaigzi
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - F D Martinez
- Asthma and Airway Disease Research Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85719, USA
| | - C A Thorne
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, USA
| | | | - S K Campos
- Department of Immunobiology, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, USA
- BIO5 Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, USA
| | - A Papi
- Respiratory Unit, Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - F Polverino
- Asthma and Airway Disease Research Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85719, USA.
- BIO5 Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, USA.
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16
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Kraft M, Renaudin JM, Ensina LF, Kleinheinz A, Bilò MB, Scherer Hofmeier K, Dölle-Bierke S, Worm M. Anaphylaxis to vaccination and polyethylene glycol: a perspective from the European Anaphylaxis Registry. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2021; 35:e659-e662. [PMID: 33914977 PMCID: PMC8242778 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.17327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M Kraft
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Emergency Medicine, University Hospital Halle (Saale), Medical Faculty of Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - J M Renaudin
- Presidency on behalf of Allergy Vigilance Network, Vandoeuvre les Nancy, France
| | - L F Ensina
- Division of Allergy, Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - A Kleinheinz
- Department of Dermatology, Elbe Medical Centre, Buxtehude, Germany
| | - M B Bilò
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Marche Polytechnic University - Allergy Unit, University Hospital Ospedali Riuniti di Ancona, Ancona, Italy
| | - K Scherer Hofmeier
- Division of Allergy, Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - S Dölle-Bierke
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - M Worm
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
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17
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Tomchaney M, Contoli M, Mayo J, Baraldo S, Shuaizhi L, Cabel CR, Bull DA, Lick S, Malo J, Knoper S, Kim SS, Tram J, Rojas-Quintero J, Kraft M, Ledford J, Tesfaigzi Y, Martinez FD, Thorne CA, Kheradmand F, Campos SK, Papi A, Polverino F. Paradoxical effects of cigarette smoke and COPD on SARS-CoV2 infection and disease. bioRxiv 2020. [PMID: 33330864 DOI: 10.1101/2020.12.07.413252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Introduction How cigarette smoke (CS) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) affect severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and severity is controversial. We investigated the protein and mRNA expression of SARS-CoV-2 entry receptor ACE2 and proteinase TMPRSS2 in lungs from COPD patients and controls, and lung tissue from mice exposed acutely and chronically to CS. Also, we investigated the effects of CS exposure on SARS-CoV-2 infection in human bronchial epithelial cells. Methods In Cohort 1, ACE2-positive cells were quantified by immunostaining in FFPE sections from both central and peripheral airways. In Cohort 2, we quantified pulmonary ACE2 protein levels by immunostaining and ELISA, and both ACE2 and TMPRSS2 mRNA levels by RT-qPCR. In C57BL/6 WT mice exposed to air or CS for up to 6 months, pulmonary ACE2 protein levels were quantified by triple immunofluorescence staining and ELISA. The effects of CS exposure on SARS-CoV-2 infection were evaluated after 72hr in vitro infection of Calu-3 cells. After SARS-CoV-2 infection, the cells were fixed for IF staining with dsRNA-specific J2 monoclonal Ab, and cell lysates were harvested for WB of viral nucleocapsid (N) protein. Supernatants (SN) and cytoplasmic lysates were obtained to measure ACE2 levels by ELISA. Results In both human cohorts, ACE2 protein and mRNA levels were decreased in peripheral airways from COPD patients versus both smoker and NS controls, but similar in central airways. TMPRSS2 levels were similar across groups. Mice exposed to CS had decreased ACE2 protein levels in their bronchial and alveolar epithelia versus air-exposed mice exposed to 3 and 6 months of CS. In Calu3 cells in vitro, CS-treatment abrogated infection to levels below the limit of detection. Similar results were seen with WB for viral N protein, showing peak viral protein synthesis at 72hr. Conclusions ACE2 levels were decreased in both bronchial and alveolar epithelial cells from uninfected COPD patients versus controls, and from CS-exposed versus air-exposed mice. CS-pre-treatment did not affect ACE2 levels but potently inhibited SARS-CoV-2 replication in this in vitro model. These findings urge to further investigate the controversial effects of CS and COPD on SARS-CoV2 infection.
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18
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Kraft M, Kahwash B, Mustillo P, Abu-Arja R, Abraham R, Scherzer R. M234 FEBRILE NEUTROPENIA, LYMPHOPENIA, AND FAILURE-TO-THRIVE IN A PREVIOUSLY HEALTHY 9 MONTH-OLD. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2020.08.262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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19
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Wiedmann F, Nietfeld J, Kraft M, Ratte A, Benda S, Katus H, Schmidt C. Neuropeptides as novel regulators of human atrial TASK-1 currents. Eur Heart J 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/ehjci/ehaa946.3592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background/Introduction
The neurokinin-III receptor (NK3R) was recently shown to regulate action potential duration (APD) in atrial cardiomyocytes by inhibition of a background potassium current. In the human heart, TASK-1 (hK2P3.1) two-pore-domain potassium channels display atrial-specific expression. Because of their phospholipase C (PLC)-dependent regulation, TASK-1 channels are a promising candidate to mediate APD prolongation via the Gq-coupled neurokinin-III receptor.
Purpose
To investigate whether TASK-1 channels mediate neurokinin-III receptor activation induced APD prolongation and to dissect the underlying molecular mechanisms.
Methods
Patch clamp measurements were performed in atrial cardiomyocytes isolated from patients with atrial fibrillation. Xenopus laevis oocytes heterologously expressing hTASK-1 and hNK3R were subjected to two-electrode voltage-clamp recordings.
Results
In Xenopus oocytes heterologously overexpressing hNK3R and hTASK-1 administration of substance P or neurokinin B resulted in TASK-1 current inhibition. This could be reproduced by application of the high affinity neurokinin-III receptor agonist senktide. Moreover, preincubation with the neurokinin-III receptor antagonist osanetant blunted the effect of senktide. Pharmacological experiments and mutagenesis studies could show a protein kinase C (PKC)-independent mechanism of TASK-1 current inhibition: upon NK3R activation TASK-1 channels are blocked via Gq-mediated PLC activation, in a DAG-dependent fashion. Finally, effects of senktide on atrial background currents could be reproduced in human atrial cardiomyocytes isolated from patients with atrial fibrillation.
Conclusion
Neurokinin-III receptor stimulation suppresses background potassium currents in isolated human atrial cardiomyocytes from patients with atrial fibrillation. Heterologously expressed human TASK-1 channels are inhibited by neurokinin-III receptor activation in a PLC and DAG dependent fashion, suggesting neuropeptides as novel regulators of human atrial TASK-1 currents.
Central Illustration
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding source: None
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Affiliation(s)
- F Wiedmann
- University Hospital of Heidelberg, Department of Internal Medicine III, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - J Nietfeld
- University Hospital of Heidelberg, Department of Internal Medicine III, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - M Kraft
- University Hospital of Heidelberg, Department of Internal Medicine III, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - A Ratte
- University Hospital of Heidelberg, Department of Internal Medicine III, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - S Benda
- University Hospital of Heidelberg, Department of Internal Medicine III, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - H.A Katus
- University Hospital of Heidelberg, Department of Internal Medicine III, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - C Schmidt
- University Hospital of Heidelberg, Department of Internal Medicine III, Heidelberg, Germany
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Hupfeld J, Heinrichs K, Kraft M, Tappe A. Comparison of primary T cells cultured in static conditions versus rocking motion bioreactors. Cytotherapy 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2020.03.298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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21
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Chaudhuri BP, Ceyssens F, Celen S, Bormans G, Kraft M, Puers R. In-vivo Intradermal Delivery of Co-57 labeled Vitamin B-12, and Subsequent Comparison with Standard Subcutaneous Administration .. Annu Int Conf IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc 2020; 2019:1670-1673. [PMID: 31946217 DOI: 10.1109/embc.2019.8857543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Vitamin B-12 (cobalamin) deficiency in humans is a worldwide problem emanating from varied causes such as insufficient dietary intake or malabsorption of the micronutrient due to an underlying condition (absence or failure of intrinsic factor, atrophic gastritis, post-operative bariatric surgery, inflammatory bowel disease, cobalt deficiency etc.). As oral supplementation is limited by its bioavailability due to the absorptive property of intrinsic factor, clinicians often prescribe parenteral forms of administration to replenish diminished levels rapidly. The gold standard in parenteral delivery of cobalamin is subcutaneous and/or intramuscular injections. The relatively large molecular size of cobalamin (1355.39 Da) makes passive transdermal patch-based delivery via the stratum corneum quite challenging. Hence, the primary goal of this study is to investigate the feasibility of intradermal (ID) delivery of Vitamin B-12 via an almost painless microneedle injection and subsequent comparison with standard subcutaneous (SC) delivery. This work reports on a custom-made microneedle device built from a commercial insulin needle and it's use to perform ID delivery of Co-57 radiolabeled Vitamin B-12 in-vivo in rabbits. The pharmacokinetic profile and bioavailability were studied and compared with SC delivery. It is the first comprehensive study, to our best knowledge, that compares a micronutrient (eg. Vitamin B-12) delivery via ID and SC routes in-vivo. While the bioavailability for the SC route is found to be slightly higher compared to the ID route (99% vs. 96%), the Tmax for both are almost identical. Thus, ID delivery of Vitamin B-12 using a microneedle injection could be a viable and minimally invasive alternative to existing parenteral options.
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Kraft M, Mikhail I, Macias C, Stukus D. A302 UTILIZATION OF QUALITY IMPROVEMENT METHODOLOGY TO FACILITATE EARLY PEANUT INTRODUCTION FOR AT-RISK INFANTS. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2019.08.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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23
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Schmidt C, Wiedmann F, Beyersdorf C, Zhao Z, El-Battrawy I, Kraft M, Lang S, Szabo G, Karck M, Zhou X, Borggrefe M, Thomas D, Haefeli WE, Decher N, Katus H. 1206Doxapram is a promising new antiarrhythmic drug for an atrial-specific therapy of atrial fibrillation. Eur Heart J 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehz748.0036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
TASK-1 (K2P3.1) is an atrial-specific two-pore domain potassium channel that is significantly upregulated in atrial fibrillation (AF) patients resulting in shortened atrial action potential duration (APD). Inhibition of TASK-1 in human atrial cardiomyocytes reverses AF-related APD shortening to values observed in patients with sinus rhythm (SR). By in silico-modelling and experimental characterization of drug binding sites, doxapram was identified as specific inhibitor of TASK-1.
Purpose
In this study, we investigated the antiarrhythmic efficacy of doxapram in a porcine model of AF to convert and suppress AF.
Methods
We established a new porcine model of persistent AF without induced tachymyopathy. AF was induced in domestic pigs by intermittent atrial burst stimulation using implanted pacemakers. During AF episodes, burst stimulation was inhibited by an integrated pacemaker biofeedback algorithm. AV-node ablation was performed to prevent AF-associated heart failure. All pigs underwent catheter-based electrophysiological investigations prior to and after 14 days doxapram treatment. Pigs in the treatment group received intravenous applications of doxapram twice per day. Rhythm status was continuously recorded by intracardiac long-term ECG monitors. The application of doxapram for cardioversion and long term suppression of AF in pigs with persistent AF was evaluated. Subsequent to the doxapram treatment, porcine cardiomyocytes were isolated from right and left atria and electrophysiologically investigated by patch-clamp and multi-electrode experiments. Atrial electrical remodeling was characterized by analyses of ion channel expression at mRNA and protein levels.
Results
TASK-1 mRNA, protein and transmembrane current were significantly increased in AF pigs compared to SR controls, resulting in shortened atrial APDs. In doxapram-treated AF pigs the AF burden was significantly reduced. After 14 days treatment with doxapram, TASK-1 currents and atrial APDs recorded in porcine cardiomyocytes were reduced and similar to values of SR animals. Doxapram could be successfully applied for cardioversion in pigs with persistent AF. On average, cardioversion was observed 3 minutes after doxapram application.
Conclusion
Doxapram significantly suppressed AF episodes and normalized cellular electrophysiological characteristics in a porcine model of AF through inhibition of the TASK-1 ion channel. Furthermore, doxapram rapidly converted AF into SR in pigs. Therefore, doxapram might serve as a new antiarrhythmic drug to treat AF in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Schmidt
- University Hospital of Heidelberg, Cardiology, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - F Wiedmann
- University Hospital of Heidelberg, Cardiology, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - C Beyersdorf
- University Hospital of Heidelberg, Cardiology, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Z Zhao
- University Medical Centre of Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
| | - I El-Battrawy
- University Medical Centre of Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
| | - M Kraft
- University Hospital of Heidelberg, Cardiology, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - S Lang
- University Medical Centre of Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
| | - G Szabo
- University Hospital of Heidelberg, Cardiology, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - M Karck
- University Hospital of Heidelberg, Cardiology, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - X Zhou
- University Medical Centre of Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
| | - M Borggrefe
- University Medical Centre of Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
| | - D Thomas
- University Hospital of Heidelberg, Cardiology, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - W E Haefeli
- University Hospital of Heidelberg, Pharmacology, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - N Decher
- Philipps University of Marburg, Physiology, Marburg, Germany
| | - H Katus
- University Hospital of Heidelberg, Cardiology, Heidelberg, Germany
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Wiedmann F, Schlund D, Ratte A, Katus HA, Kraft M, Thomas D, Schmidt C. P1601N-glycosylation of TREK-1/hK2P2.1 two-pore-domain (K2P) potassium channels. Eur Heart J 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehz748.0360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background and purpose
Mechanosensitive hTREK-1 (hK2P2.1) two-pore-domain potassium channels give rise to background currents that control resting membrane potential in excitable tissue. Recently TREK-1 currents have been linked to regulation of cardiac rhythm as well as hypertrophy and fibrosis. Even though pharmacological and biophysical characteristics of hTREK-1 channels have been widely studied, less is known about its posttranslational modifications. This study aims to evaluate whether hTREK-1 channels are N-glycosylated and whether glycosylation may affect channel functionality.
Experimental approach
Following pharmacological inhibition of N glycosylation, enzymatic digestion or mutagenesis, immunoblots of Xenopus laevis oocytes and HEK-233T cell lysates were used to assess electrophoretic mobility. Two-electrode voltage clamp measurements were employed to study channel function.
Key results
TREK-1 channels subunits undergo N-glycosylation at asparagine residues 110 and 134. The presence of sugar moieties at these two sites increases channel function. Detection of glycosylation-deficient mutant channels in surface fractions and recordings of macroscopic potassium currents mediated by these subunits demonstrate that non-glycosylated hTREK-1 channels subunits are able to reach the cell surface in general, but seemingly with reduced efficiency.
Conclusion and implications
hTREK-1 are glycoproteins and N glycosylation at positions 110 and 134 is involved in channel surface trafficking. These findings extend our view on regulation of hTREK-1 currents by posttranslational modifications and provide novel insights into how glycosylation deficiency disorders may promote arrhythmogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Wiedmann
- University Hospital of Heidelberg, Department of Internal Medicine III, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - D Schlund
- University Hospital of Heidelberg, Department of Internal Medicine III, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - A Ratte
- University Hospital of Heidelberg, Department of Internal Medicine III, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - H A Katus
- University Hospital of Heidelberg, Department of Internal Medicine III, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - M Kraft
- University Hospital of Heidelberg, Department of Internal Medicine III, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - D Thomas
- University Hospital of Heidelberg, Department of Internal Medicine III, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - C Schmidt
- University Hospital of Heidelberg, Department of Internal Medicine III, Heidelberg, Germany
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25
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Fromme H, Debiak M, Sagunski H, Röhl C, Kraft M, Kolossa-Gehring M. The German approach to regulate indoor air contaminants. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2019; 222:347-354. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2018.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Revised: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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26
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Agana AM, Kraft M. MUSIC AND MEMORY: DEVELOPMENT AND IMPLEMENTATION FOR GERIATRIC VETERANS. Innov Aging 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igy023.1241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- A M Agana
- Edith Nourse Rogers Memorial VA Hospital, Bedford, Massachusetts, United States
| | - M Kraft
- Edith Nourse Rogers Memorial VA Hospital, Bedford, MA, USA
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Kraft M, Zettl UK, Noack T, Patejdl R. The sphingosine analog fingolimod (FTY720) enhances tone and contractility of rat gastric fundus smooth muscle. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2018; 30:e13372. [PMID: 29740911 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.13372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sphingosine and its metabolite sphingosine phosphate (S1P) regulate a multitude of biological functions, including the contractile state of smooth. Gastrointestinal side effects have been reported in patients treated with FTY720, a sphingosine analog that is approved for the treatment of multiple sclerosis. The aim of this study was to characterize the effects of FTY720 on rat gastric fundus smooth muscle under basal conditions and during activation induced by high-K+ solution. METHODS Isometric contractions of isolated circular strips of gastric fundus smooth muscle were recorded using the organ bath method. The effects of FTY720 or vehicle were recorded under control conditions and in the presence of indomethacin, L-NAME, HA-1100, nifedipine, JTE-013, and suramin. Tone and contractions recorded in the presence of FTY720 or vehicle are reported as % of the amplitude of an initial high-K+ contraction obtained under control conditions. KEY RESULTS From a concentration of 10 μmol L-1 onwards, FTY720 increased the tone, reaching 8.9% ± 7.5% at 100 μmol L-1 (P < .05). With indomethacin in the solution, the effects of FTY720 were enhanced (32.1% ± 7.7%; P < .001). The FTY720-induced increase in tone was abolished in the absence of extracellular Ca2+ and reduced by nifedipine, HA-1100, JTE-013, and suramin. Furthermore, FTY720 increased high-K+ contractions in the presence of indomethacin. CONCLUSIONS & INFERENCES FTY720 increases tone and contractile responses to depolarization in gastric fundus smooth muscle by triggering calcium entry and calcium sensitization in a S1P receptor-dependent manner. Taken together, the experimental results presented in this work suggest that FTY720 may increase gastric tone and contractility in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Kraft
- Oscar Langendorff Institut für Physiologie, Universität Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - U K Zettl
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Neurologie, Sektion Neuroimmunologie, Universität Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - T Noack
- Oscar Langendorff Institut für Physiologie, Universität Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - R Patejdl
- Oscar Langendorff Institut für Physiologie, Universität Rostock, Rostock, Germany
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Kraft M, Sievering S, Grün L, Rauchfuss K. Mono-, di-, and trichlorinated biphenyls (PCB 1-PCB 39) in the indoor air of office rooms and their relevance on human blood burden. Indoor Air 2018; 28:441-449. [PMID: 29288536 DOI: 10.1111/ina.12448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) from indoor air can lead to a significant increase in lower chlorinated congeners in human blood. Lower chlorinated congeners with short biological half-lives can exhibit an indirect genotoxic potential via their highly reactive metabolites. However, little is known about their occurrence in indoor air and, therefore, about the effects of possible exposure to these congeners. We analyzed all mono-, di-, and trichlorinated biphenyls in the indoor air of 35 contaminated offices, as well as in the blood of the 35 individuals worked in these offices for a minimum of 2 years. The median concentration of total PCB in the indoor air was 479 ng/m3 . The most prevalent PCBs in the indoor air samples were the trichlorinated congeners PCB 31, PCB 18, and PCB 28, with median levels of 39, 31, and 26 ng/m3 , respectively. PCB 8 was the most prevalent dichlorinated congener (median: 9.1 ng/m3 ). Monochlorinated biphenyls were not detected in relevant concentrations. In the blood samples, the most abundant congener was PCB 28; nearly 90% of all mono-, di-, and trichlorinated congeners were attributed to this congener (median: 12 ng/g blood lipid).
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Affiliation(s)
- M Kraft
- North Rhine-Westphalia State Agency for Nature, Environment and Consumer Protection, Recklinghausen, Germany
| | - S Sievering
- North Rhine-Westphalia State Agency for Nature, Environment and Consumer Protection, Recklinghausen, Germany
| | - L Grün
- eco-Luftqualität + Raumklima, Köln, Germany
| | - K Rauchfuss
- North Rhine-Westphalia State Agency for Nature, Environment and Consumer Protection, Recklinghausen, Germany
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29
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Siegel EG, Platten I, Kraft M, Lorenzo Bermejo J, Hasslacher C. Darmmikrobiom und kardiovaskulären Komplikationen bei Typ 2-Diabetes. DIABETOL STOFFWECHS 2017. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0037-1601734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- EG Siegel
- St. Josefkrankenhaus Heidelberg, Innere Medizin, Gastroenterologie und Diabetologie, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - I Platten
- Diabetesinstitut Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - M Kraft
- St. Josefkrankenhaus Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - J Lorenzo Bermejo
- Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Medizinische Biometrie und Informatik, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - C Hasslacher
- St. Josefkrankenhaus Heidelberg, Klinische Studienabteilung, Heidelberg, Germany
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30
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Hasslacher C, Kraft M, Platten I, Lorenzo Bermejo J, Siegel EG. Beziehungen zwischen Diabeteseinstellung bzw. -Therapie und der Zusammensetzung des Darmmikrobioms. DIABETOL STOFFWECHS 2017. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0037-1601733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C Hasslacher
- St. Josefkrankenhaus Heidelberg, Klinische Studienabteilung, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - M Kraft
- St. Josefkrankenhaus Heidelberg, Klinische Studienabteilung, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - I Platten
- Diabetesinstitut Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - J Lorenzo Bermejo
- Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Medizinische Biometrie und Informatik, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - EG Siegel
- St. Josefkrankenhaus Heidelberg, Innere Medizin, Gastroenterologie und Diabetologie, Heidelberg, Germany
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31
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Fromme H, Lahrz T, Kraft M, Kadler D. Die Landesuntersuchungsprogramme (LUPE). Gesundheitswesen 2017. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0037-1602032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- H Fromme
- Bayerisches Landesamt für Gesundheit und Lebensmittelsicherheit, München
| | - T Lahrz
- Landeslabor Berlin-BrandenburgFachbereich Umweltbezogener Gesundheitsschutz, Berlin
| | - M Kraft
- Landesamt für Natur, Umwelt und Verbraucherschutz Nordrhein-Westfalen, Essen
| | - D Kadler
- Landesamt für Gesundheit und Soziales Berlin, Berlin
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32
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Oreski G, Rauschenbach A, Hirschl C, Kraft M, Eder G, Pinter G. Crosslinking and post-crosslinking of ethylene vinyl acetate in photovoltaic modules. J Appl Polym Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/app.44912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- G. Oreski
- Polymer Competence Center Leoben; Leoben Austria
| | | | - C. Hirschl
- Carinthian Tech Research AG; Villach Austria
| | - M. Kraft
- Carinthian Tech Research AG; Villach Austria
| | - G.C. Eder
- OFI Austrian Research Institute for Chemistry and Technology; Vienna Austria
| | - G. Pinter
- Institute of Material Science and Testing of Plastics, Montanuniversität Leoben; Leoben Austria
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33
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34
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Arens C, Betz C, Kraft M, Voigt-Zimmermann S. Narrow band imaging for early diagnosis of epithelial dysplasia and microinvasive tumors in the upper aerodigestive tract. HNO 2016; 65:5-12. [DOI: 10.1007/s00106-016-0284-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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35
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Huang C, Jiang D, Francisco D, Berman R, Wu Q, Ledford JG, Moore CM, Ito Y, Stevenson C, Munson D, Li L, Kraft M, Chu HW. Tollip SNP rs5743899 modulates human airway epithelial responses to rhinovirus infection. Clin Exp Allergy 2016; 46:1549-1563. [PMID: 27513438 DOI: 10.1111/cea.12793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2016] [Revised: 07/15/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rhinovirus (RV) infection in asthma induces varying degrees of airway inflammation (e.g. neutrophils), but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. OBJECTIVE The major goal was to determine the role of genetic variation [e.g. single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs)] of Toll-interacting protein (Tollip) in airway epithelial responses to RV in a type 2 cytokine milieu. METHODS DNA from blood of asthmatic and normal subjects was genotyped for Tollip SNP rs5743899 AA, AG and GG genotypes. Human tracheobronchial epithelial (HTBE) cells from donors without lung disease were cultured to determine pro-inflammatory and antiviral responses to IL-13 and RV16. Tollip knockout and wild-type mice were challenged with house dust mite (HDM) and infected with RV1B to determine lung inflammation and antiviral response. RESULTS Asthmatic subjects carrying the AG or GG genotype (AG/GG) compared with the AA genotype demonstrated greater airflow limitation. HTBE cells with AG/GG expressed less Tollip. Upon IL-13 and RV16 treatment, cells with AG/GG (vs. AA) produced more IL-8 and expressed less antiviral genes, which was coupled with increased NF-κB activity and decreased expression of LC3, a hallmark of the autophagic pathway. Tollip co-localized and interacted with LC3. Inhibition of autophagy decreased antiviral genes in IL-13- and RV16-treated cells. Upon HDM and RV1B, Tollip knockout (vs. wild-type) mice demonstrated higher levels of lung neutrophilic inflammation and viral load, but lower levels of antiviral gene expression. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Our data suggest that Tollip SNP rs5743899 may predict varying airway response to RV infection in asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Huang
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, USA
| | - D Jiang
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, USA
| | - D Francisco
- Department of Medicine, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - R Berman
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Q Wu
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, USA
| | - J G Ledford
- Department of Medicine, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - C M Moore
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Y Ito
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, USA
| | - C Stevenson
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, USA
| | - D Munson
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, USA
| | - L Li
- Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - M Kraft
- Department of Medicine, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - H W Chu
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, USA
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Abstract
Six patients (two females and four males in one family) with hemiplegic migraine are described. The age of onset was between six and eighteen years. Hemiplegic attacks were usually accompanied by transient neurological disturbances referable to the territory of the vertebrobasilar arterial tree. Brain-stem involvement and vertebrobasilar dysfunction in the reported family was supported by angiography in one case, revealing a marked and prolonged spasm of the basilar artery. Despite its dramatic character and occasionally prolonged deficits the course was essentially benign. Hemiplegic attacks disappeared during adolescence in five of the six patients. No permanent neurological residual phenomena were encountered during a mean follow-up of 14 years. The possibility is raised of a genetically determined susceptibility to periodic vasoconstriction in a particular vascular area as the basis of the syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- T S Jensen
- Department of Neurology, Aarhus Kommunehospital, DK 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
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37
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Kraft M. LTRA inhibition of exercise-induced bronchoconstriction. Postgrad Med 2016; 108:32-9. [PMID: 19667531 DOI: 10.3810/pgm.09.15.2000.suppl7.42] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Exercise-induced bronchoconstriction (EIB) affects between 70% and 80% of asthmatic patients. Shortly after strenuous exercise, several inflammatory mediators, including the cysteinyl leukotrienes, induce bronchoconstriction. Evidence of this phenomenon includes the increase in urinary leukotriene E4 excretion after exercise and the inhibition of EIB by the leukotriene synthesis inhibitor zileuton. Similarly, the leukotriene receptor antagonists (LTRAs) montelukast and zafirlukast have significantly reduced the decrease in pulmonary function after exercise and shortened the time to recovery. Because exercise is generally a less predictable event in children, EIB can be more difficult to manage in pediatric than in adult asthmatic patients. However, LTRA use may temper this problem. Montelukast administered once daily at bedtime protected pediatric patients against EIB throughout the entire day. Zafirlukast attenuated EIB within 4 hours of dosing in 6- to 17-year-old patients who had mild to moderate asthma. Currently, inhaled ss2-agonists are widely prescribed for EIB, but when used long term, their efficacy may wane because of tolerance. In contrast, one of the advantages offered by LTRA therapy is the absence of tolerance.
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Hasslacher C, Platten I, Kraft M, Kulozik K, Siegel E. Störung der Darmbarriere bei Typ 2 – Diabetes: Prävalenz und klinische Charakteristika. DIABETOL STOFFWECHS 2016. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0036-1580796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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39
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Lemke A, Kraft M, Roth K, Riedel R, Lammerding D, Hauser AE. Long-lived plasma cells are generated in mucosal immune responses and contribute to the bone marrow plasma cell pool in mice. Mucosal Immunol 2016; 9:83-97. [PMID: 25943272 DOI: 10.1038/mi.2015.38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2014] [Accepted: 03/24/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
During systemic immune responses, plasma blasts are generated in secondary lymphoid organs and migrate to the bone marrow, where they can become long-lived, being responsible for the maintenance of long-term antibody titers. Plasma blasts generated in mucosal immune responses of the small intestine home to the lamina propria (LP), producing mainly immunoglobulin A. The migration of these antibody-secreting cells is well characterized during acute immune responses. Less is known about their lifetime and contribution to the long-lived bone marrow compartment. Here we investigate the lifetime of plasma cells (PCs) and the relationship between the PC compartments of the gut and bone marrow after oral immunization. Our findings indicate that PCs in the LP can survive for extended time periods. PCs specific for orally administered antigens can be detected in the bone marrow for at least 9 months after immunization, indicating that the mucosal PC compartment can contribute to the long-lived PC pool in this organ, independent of the participation of splenic B cells. Our findings suggest that the compartmentalization between mucosal and systemic PC pools is less strict than previously thought. This may have implications for the development of vaccines as well as for autoantibody-mediated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Lemke
- Deutsches Rheuma Forschungszentrum (DRFZ), a Leibniz Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - M Kraft
- Deutsches Rheuma Forschungszentrum (DRFZ), a Leibniz Institute, Berlin, Germany.,Charité Universitätsmedizin, Charitéplatz 1, Berlin, Germany
| | - K Roth
- Deutsches Rheuma Forschungszentrum (DRFZ), a Leibniz Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - R Riedel
- Deutsches Rheuma Forschungszentrum (DRFZ), a Leibniz Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - D Lammerding
- Deutsches Rheuma Forschungszentrum (DRFZ), a Leibniz Institute, Berlin, Germany.,Charité Universitätsmedizin, Charitéplatz 1, Berlin, Germany
| | - A E Hauser
- Deutsches Rheuma Forschungszentrum (DRFZ), a Leibniz Institute, Berlin, Germany.,Charité Universitätsmedizin, Charitéplatz 1, Berlin, Germany
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40
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Fromme H, Schütze A, Lahrz T, Kraft M, Fembacher L, Siewering S, Burkardt R, Dietrich S, Koch H, Völkel W. Non-phthalate plasticizers in German daycare centers and human biomonitoring of DINCH metabolites in children attending the centers (LUPE 3). Int J Hyg Environ Health 2016; 219:33-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2015.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2015] [Revised: 08/03/2015] [Accepted: 08/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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41
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42
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Arens C, Betz C, Kraft M, Voigt-Zimmermann S. [Narrow band imaging for early diagnosis of epithelial dysplasias and microinvasive tumors in the upper aerodigestive tract]. HNO 2015; 64:19-26. [PMID: 26677856 DOI: 10.1007/s00106-015-0108-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The various stages of tumor growth are characterized by typical epithelial, vascular, and secondary connective tissue changes. Narrow band imaging (NBI) endoscopy is a minimally invasive imaging technique that presents vascular structures in particular at a higher contrast than white light endoscopy alone. In combination with high-resolution image recording and reproduction (high-definition television, HDTV; ultra-high definition, 4K), progress has been made in otolaryngological differential diagnostics, both pre- and intraoperatively. This progress represents an important step towards a so-called optical biopsy. Flexible endoscopy in combination with NBI allows detailed assessment of areas of the upper aerodigestive tract which are difficult to assess by rigid endoscopy. Papillomas, precancerous, and cancerous lesions are characterized by epithelial and connective tissue changes, as well as by typical perpendicular vascular changes. Systematic use of NBI is recommended in the differential diagnosis of malignant lesions of the upper aerodigestive tract. NBI also convinces by a significant improvement in pre- and intraoperative assessment of superficial resection margins. In particular, the combination of NBI and contact endoscopy (compact endoscopy) permits excellent therapeutic decisions during tumor surgery. Intraoperative determination of resection margins at unprecedented precision is possible. In addition, assessment of the form and extent of the perpendicular vessel loops stimulated by epithelial signaling enables differential diagnostic decisions to be made, approximating our goal of an optical biopsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Arens
- Universitätsklinik für Hals-, Nasen- und Ohrenheilkunde, Universitätsklinikum Magdeburg A. ö .R., Otto-von-Guericke-Universität Magdeburg, Leipziger Straße 44, 39120, Magdeburg, Deutschland.
| | - C Betz
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Hals-, Nasen-, Ohrenheilkunde, Klinikum Großhadern, Ludwig-Maximilian-Universität, München, Deutschland
| | - M Kraft
- Klinik für Hals-, Nasen- und Ohrenheilkunde, Hals- und Gesichtschirurgie, Kantonsspital Baselland, Liestal, Schweiz
| | - S Voigt-Zimmermann
- Universitätsklinik für Hals-, Nasen- und Ohrenheilkunde, Universitätsklinikum Magdeburg A. ö .R., Otto-von-Guericke-Universität Magdeburg, Leipziger Straße 44, 39120, Magdeburg, Deutschland
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Volgger V, Arens C, Kraft M, Englhard AS, Betz CS. Optische Kohärenztomographie zur Früherkennung epithelialer Dysplasien und mikroinvasiver Karzinome im oberen Luft-Speise-Weg. HNO 2015; 64:34-40. [DOI: 10.1007/s00106-015-0102-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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44
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Betz CS, Kraft M, Arens C, Schuster M, Pfeffer C, Rühm A, Stepp H, Englhard A, Volgger V. Optische Diagnoseverfahren zur Tumorfrühdiagnostik im oberen Luft-Speise-Weg. HNO 2015; 64:41-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s00106-015-0104-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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45
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Völkel W, Fromme H, Kraft M, Lahrz T. Human-Biomonitoring im ÖGD am Beispiel von Messungen in Kindertagesstätten. Gesundheitswesen 2015. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0035-1563188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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46
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McGunnigle G, Kraft M. Detecting organic materials with a CCD camera. Appl Opt 2014; 53:8326-8334. [PMID: 25608077 DOI: 10.1364/ao.53.008326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Absorption bands in the near-infrared are used to detect materials composed of organic molecules, in scenes imaged with a conventional CCD camera. A simple model of reflectance spectra (between 850 and 980 nm) is proposed and tested on a wide range of materials. An existing vision system that was designed to detect materials with high water content is tested on organic materials. The system cannot detect materials (such as cellulose and starch) that consist of chains of sugars. It is able to robustly detect materials such as fats and aliphatic plastics (in their pure form), whose molecules are essentially long chains of CH(2) and CH(3) groups. The ability of the system to detect plastic objects is limited by inorganic additives in the plastics.
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47
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Kraft M, Wille F, Attenberger J, Müller U. [Safe reprocessing of medical devices with a view of the entire process chain. Recommendations of the VDI 5700 guidelines]. Bundesgesundheitsblatt Gesundheitsforschung Gesundheitsschutz 2014; 57:1393-401. [PMID: 25348217 DOI: 10.1007/s00103-014-2062-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The reprocessing of medical devices for low pathogen or sterile use is in itself potentially risky even though the aim of reprocessing is the avoidance of hygienic or technically functional risks. The methodological principles of risk management for medical devices are described in the standard DIN EN ISO 14971. The recommendations of the Commission for Hospital Hygiene and Infectious Disease Prevention (Kommission für Krankenhaushygiene und Infektionsprävention KRINKO) of the Robert Koch Institute (RKI) and the Federal Institute for Drugs and Medical Devices (Bundesinstituts für Arzneimittel und Medizinprodukte BfArM) "hygiene requirements for the reprocessing of medical devices" clarify numerous reprocessing-specific risks and are structured with reference to the different steps of reprocessing. The aim was a practical combination of the normative risk management methodology with the process-oriented KRINKO/BfArM recommendations, which has provided an interdisciplinary group of experts moderated by the Association of German Engineers (VDI). The main contents of the VDI 5700 guidelines on "hazards associated with the reprocessing--risk management in the reprocessing of medical devices--measures for risk control" and the process of the development of these guidelines is described.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Kraft
- Institut für Konstruktion, Mikro- und Medizintechnik, Fachgebiet Medizintechnik, Technische Universität Berlin, Dovestraße 6, Berlin, Deutschland,
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Fromme H, Lahrz T, Kraft M, Fembacher L, Mach C, Dietrich S, Burkardt R, Völkel W, Göen T. Organophosphate flame retardants and plasticizers in the air and dust in German daycare centers and human biomonitoring in visiting children (LUPE 3). Environ Int 2014; 71:158-163. [PMID: 25033099 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2014.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2014] [Revised: 06/09/2014] [Accepted: 06/23/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Organophosphate (OP) flame retardants and plasticizers are chemicals that have been used in large quantities in diverse consumer and building-related products for decades. In the present study, OPs were measured in paired indoor air and dust samples from 63 daycare centers in Germany. Moreover, the urine of 312 children between 22 and 80 months old who attend these facilities was analyzed for the presence of eight OP metabolites. Tri-(2-butoxyethyl)-phosphate (TBEP), tris-(2-chloroisopropyl) phosphate (TCPP), and tri-n-butyl-phosphate (TnBP) were present in low concentrations in indoor air, with median values of 49 ng/m(3), 2.7 ng/m(3), and 2.2 ng/m(3), respectively. In dust, median values of 225 mg/kg for TBEP, 2.7 mg/kg for TCPP, 1.1mg/kg for diphenyl(2-ethylhexyl) phosphate, and 0.5mg/kg for tri-phenyl-phosphate (TPhP) were found. In the urine samples, the metabolites di-phenyl-phosphate, di-n-butyl-phosphate, and di-(2-butoxyethyl)-phosphate had median values (95th percentiles) of 0.8 μg/l (4.0 μg/l), 0.2 μg/l (0.9 μg/l), and 2.0 μg/l (10.7 μg/l), respectively. A significant correlation was found between the dust and air samples in the levels of TnBP, tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP), and TBEP. For TCEP and TBEP, significant correlations were also observed between the levels in dust and the respective metabolite levels in urine. For TCEP, there was also a significant correlation between the concentration in indoor air and metabolite levels in urine. Based on the 95th percentile in dust and air in our study and data from residences in a previously published study, the daily intake of the most abundant OP (TBEP) is high (i.e., 3.2 μg/kg b.w.). This level is approximately 6.4% of the reference dose (RfD) established by the NSF, U.S.A. Overall, our study shows that daycare centers are indoor environments that contribute to OP exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Fromme
- Bavarian Health and Food Safety Authority, Department of Chemical Safety and Toxicology, D-80538 Munich, Germany.
| | - T Lahrz
- Berlin-Brandenburg State Laboratory, Department of Environmental Health Protection, Invalidenstr. 60, D-10557 Berlin, Germany
| | - M Kraft
- North Rhine-Westphalia State Agency for Nature, Environment and Consumer Protection, D-45659 Recklinghausen, Germany
| | - L Fembacher
- Bavarian Health and Food Safety Authority, Department of Chemical Safety and Toxicology, D-80538 Munich, Germany
| | - C Mach
- Institute and Outpatient Clinic of Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - S Dietrich
- Bavarian Health and Food Safety Authority, Department of Chemical Safety and Toxicology, D-80538 Munich, Germany
| | - R Burkardt
- Berlin-Brandenburg State Laboratory, Department of Environmental Health Protection, Invalidenstr. 60, D-10557 Berlin, Germany
| | - W Völkel
- Bavarian Health and Food Safety Authority, Department of Chemical Safety and Toxicology, D-80538 Munich, Germany
| | - T Göen
- Institute and Outpatient Clinic of Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany
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Sterling RC, Rattanasonti H, Weidt S, Lake K, Srinivasan P, Webster SC, Kraft M, Hensinger WK. Fabrication and operation of a two-dimensional ion-trap lattice on a high-voltage microchip. Nat Commun 2014; 5:3637. [PMID: 24704758 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms4637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2013] [Accepted: 03/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Microfabricated ion traps are a major advancement towards scalable quantum computing with trapped ions. The development of more versatile ion-trap designs, in which tailored arrays of ions are positioned in two dimensions above a microfabricated surface, will lead to applications in fields as varied as quantum simulation, metrology and atom-ion interactions. Current surface ion traps often have low trap depths and high heating rates, because of the size of the voltages that can be applied to them, limiting the fidelity of quantum gates. Here we report on a fabrication process that allows for the application of very high voltages to microfabricated devices in general and use this advance to fabricate a two-dimensional ion-trap lattice on a microchip. Our microfabricated architecture allows for reliable trapping of two-dimensional ion lattices, long ion lifetimes, rudimentary shuttling between lattice sites and the ability to deterministically introduce defects into the ion lattice.
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Affiliation(s)
- R C Sterling
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9QH, UK
| | - H Rattanasonti
- School of Electronics and Computer Science, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - S Weidt
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9QH, UK
| | - K Lake
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9QH, UK
| | - P Srinivasan
- School of Electronics and Computer Science, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - S C Webster
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9QH, UK
| | - M Kraft
- 1] School of Electronics and Computer Science, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK [2] University of Duisburg-Essen, Faculty of Engineering Sciences, Bismarkstrasse 81, Duisburg D-47059, Germany
| | - W K Hensinger
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9QH, UK
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Ockenga J, Löser C, Kraft M, Madl C. S3-Leitlinie der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Ernährungsmedizin (DGEM) in Zusammenarbeit mit der GESKES, der AKE und der DGVS. Aktuel Ernahrungsmed 2014. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0033-1360014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. Ockenga
- Klinikum Bremen Mitte, Medizinische Klinik II – Gastroenterologie, Endokrinologie & Ernährungsmedizin, Bremen, Deutschland
| | - Chr. Löser
- Rotes Kreuz Krankenhaus Kassel, Kassel, Deutschland
| | - M. Kraft
- Vinzentius-Krankenhaus Landau, Medizinische Klinik I, Gastroenterologie, Hepatologie, Hämato-Onkologie, Endokrinologie, Diabetologie und Ernährungsmedizin, Landau in der Pfalz, Deutschland
| | - C. Madl
- Krankenanstalt Rudolfstiftung, Medizinische Abteilung mit Gastroenterologie und Hepatologie, Wien, Österreich
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