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Machiela MJ, Zhou W, Karlins E, Sampson JN, Freedman ND, Yang Q, Hicks B, Dagnall C, Hautman C, Jacobs KB, Abnet CC, Aldrich MC, Amos C, Amundadottir LT, Arslan AA, Beane-Freeman LE, Berndt SI, Black A, Blot WJ, Bock CH, Bracci PM, Brinton LA, Bueno-de-Mesquita HB, Burdett L, Buring JE, Butler MA, Canzian F, Carreón T, Chaffee KG, Chang IS, Chatterjee N, Chen C, Chen C, Chen K, Chung CC, Cook LS, Crous Bou M, Cullen M, Davis FG, De Vivo I, Ding T, Doherty J, Duell EJ, Epstein CG, Fan JH, Figueroa JD, Fraumeni JF, Friedenreich CM, Fuchs CS, Gallinger S, Gao YT, Gapstur SM, Garcia-Closas M, Gaudet MM, Gaziano JM, Giles GG, Gillanders EM, Giovannucci EL, Goldin L, Goldstein AM, Haiman CA, Hallmans G, Hankinson SE, Harris CC, Henriksson R, Holly EA, Hong YC, Hoover RN, Hsiung CA, Hu N, Hu W, Hunter DJ, Hutchinson A, Jenab M, Johansen C, Khaw KT, Kim HN, Kim YH, Kim YT, Klein AP, Klein R, Koh WP, Kolonel LN, Kooperberg C, Kraft P, Krogh V, Kurtz RC, LaCroix A, Lan Q, Landi MT, Marchand LL, Li D, Liang X, Liao LM, Lin D, Liu J, Lissowska J, Lu L, Magliocco AM, Malats N, Matsuo K, McNeill LH, McWilliams RR, Melin BS, Mirabello L, Moore L, Olson SH, Orlow I, Park JY, Patiño-Garcia A, Peplonska B, Peters U, Petersen GM, Pooler L, Prescott J, Prokunina-Olsson L, Purdue MP, Qiao YL, Rajaraman P, Real FX, Riboli E, Risch HA, Rodriguez-Santiago B, Ruder AM, Savage SA, Schumacher F, Schwartz AG, Schwartz KL, Seow A, Wendy Setiawan V, Severi G, Shen H, Sheng X, Shin MH, Shu XO, Silverman DT, Spitz MR, Stevens VL, Stolzenberg-Solomon R, Stram D, Tang ZZ, Taylor PR, Teras LR, Tobias GS, Van Den Berg D, Visvanathan K, Wacholder S, Wang JC, Wang Z, Wentzensen N, Wheeler W, White E, Wiencke JK, Wolpin BM, Wong MP, Wu C, Wu T, Wu X, Wu YL, Wunder JS, Xia L, Yang HP, Yang PC, Yu K, Zanetti KA, Zeleniuch-Jacquotte A, Zheng W, Zhou B, Ziegler RG, Perez-Jurado LA, Caporaso NE, Rothman N, Tucker M, Dean MC, Yeager M, Chanock SJ. Female chromosome X mosaicism is age-related and preferentially affects the inactivated X chromosome. Nat Commun 2016; 7:11843. [PMID: 27291797 PMCID: PMC4909985 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms11843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2015] [Accepted: 05/06/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
To investigate large structural clonal mosaicism of chromosome X, we analysed the SNP microarray intensity data of 38,303 women from cancer genome-wide association studies (20,878 cases and 17,425 controls) and detected 124 mosaic X events >2 Mb in 97 (0.25%) women. Here we show rates for X-chromosome mosaicism are four times higher than mean autosomal rates; X mosaic events more often include the entire chromosome and participants with X events more likely harbour autosomal mosaic events. X mosaicism frequency increases with age (0.11% in 50-year olds; 0.45% in 75-year olds), as reported for Y and autosomes. Methylation array analyses of 33 women with X mosaicism indicate events preferentially involve the inactive X chromosome. Our results provide further evidence that the sex chromosomes undergo mosaic events more frequently than autosomes, which could have implications for understanding the underlying mechanisms of mosaic events and their possible contribution to risk for chronic diseases. It is unclear how often genetic mosaicism of chromosome X arises. Here, the authors examine women with cancer and cancer-free controls and show that X chromosome mosaicism occurs more frequently than on autosomes, especially on the inactive X chromosome, but is not linked to non-haematologic cancer risk
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitchell J Machiela
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Weiyin Zhou
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.,Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Eric Karlins
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.,Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Joshua N Sampson
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Neal D Freedman
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Qi Yang
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.,Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Belynda Hicks
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.,Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Casey Dagnall
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.,Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Christopher Hautman
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.,Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Kevin B Jacobs
- Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.,Bioinformed, LLC, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20877, USA
| | - Christian C Abnet
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Melinda C Aldrich
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, USA.,Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, USA
| | - Christopher Amos
- Department of Epidemiology, Division of Cancer Prevention and Population Sciences, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Laufey T Amundadottir
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Alan A Arslan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York 10016, USA.,Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York 10016, USA.,New York University Cancer Institute, New York, New York 10016, USA
| | - Laura E Beane-Freeman
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Sonja I Berndt
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Amanda Black
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - William J Blot
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, USA.,International Epidemiology Institute, Rockville, Maryland 20850, USA
| | - Cathryn H Bock
- Karmanos Cancer Institute and Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan 48201, USA
| | - Paige M Bracci
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143, USA
| | - Louise A Brinton
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - H Bas Bueno-de-Mesquita
- Department for Determinants of Chronic Diseases (DCD), National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), 3721 Bilthoven, The Netherlands.,Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Center, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, The School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK.,Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Laurie Burdett
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.,Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Julie E Buring
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Mary A Butler
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cincinnati, Ohio 45226, USA
| | - Federico Canzian
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Tania Carreón
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cincinnati, Ohio 45226, USA
| | - Kari G Chaffee
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA
| | - I-Shou Chang
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan 35053, Taiwan
| | - Nilanjan Chatterjee
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Chu Chen
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington 98109, USA
| | - Constance Chen
- Program in Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Kexin Chen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin 300040, China
| | - Charles C Chung
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.,Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Linda S Cook
- University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, USA
| | - Marta Crous Bou
- Program in Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.,Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Michael Cullen
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.,Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Faith G Davis
- Department of Public Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2R3
| | - Immaculata De Vivo
- Program in Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.,Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Ti Ding
- Shanxi Cancer Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030013, China
| | - Jennifer Doherty
- Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Lebanon, New Hampshire 03755, USA
| | - Eric J Duell
- Unit of Nutrition and Cancer, Cancer Epidemiology Research Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO-IDIBELL), 08908 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Caroline G Epstein
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Jin-Hu Fan
- Shanghai Cancer Institute, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jonine D Figueroa
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Joseph F Fraumeni
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Christine M Friedenreich
- Department of Population Health Research, Cancer Control Alberta, Alberta Health Services, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N 2T9
| | - Charles S Fuchs
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.,Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - Steven Gallinger
- Fred A Litwin Centre for Cancer Genetics, Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 1X5
| | - Yu-Tang Gao
- Department of Epidemiology, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotaong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Susan M Gapstur
- Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, USA
| | - Montserrat Garcia-Closas
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, and Breakthrough Breast Cancer Centre, Institute for Cancer Research, London SM2 5NG, UK
| | - Mia M Gaudet
- Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, USA
| | - J Michael Gaziano
- Divisions of Preventive Medicine and Aging, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.,Massachusetts Veterans Epidemiology Research and Information Center/VA Cooperative Studies Programs, Veterans Affairs Boston Healthcare System, Boston, Massachusetts 02130, USA
| | - Graham G Giles
- Cancer Epidemiology Centre, Cancer Council Victoria &Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Elizabeth M Gillanders
- Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Edward L Giovannucci
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Lynn Goldin
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Alisa M Goldstein
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Christopher A Haiman
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Biostatistics Division, Keck School of Medicine at the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90033, USA
| | - Goran Hallmans
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine/Nutritional Research, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Susan E Hankinson
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.,Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Massachusetts School of Public Health and Health Sciences, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA
| | - Curtis C Harris
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Roger Henriksson
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Oncology, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Elizabeth A Holly
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143, USA
| | - Yun-Chul Hong
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Robert N Hoover
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Chao A Hsiung
- Institute of Population Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan 35053, Taiwan
| | - Nan Hu
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Wei Hu
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - David J Hunter
- Program in Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.,Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.,Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
| | - Amy Hutchinson
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.,Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Mazda Jenab
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC-WHO), 69372 Lyon, France
| | - Christoffer Johansen
- Oncology, Finsen Centre, Rigshospitalet, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.,Unit of Survivorship Research, The Danish Cancer Society Research Centre, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kay-Tee Khaw
- School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1TN, UK
| | - Hee Nam Kim
- Center for Creative Biomedical Scientists, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeul Hong Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Oncology/Hematology, College of Medicine, Korea University Anam Hospital, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Tae Kim
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Alison P Klein
- Department of Oncology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, USA
| | - Robert Klein
- Program in Cancer Biology and Genetics, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, 10065, USA
| | - Woon-Puay Koh
- Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore.,Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119077, Singapore
| | - Laurence N Kolonel
- Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, Hawaii 96813, USA
| | - Charles Kooperberg
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington 98109, USA
| | - Peter Kraft
- Program in Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Vittorio Krogh
- Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milano 20133, Italy
| | - Robert C Kurtz
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - Andrea LaCroix
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington 98109, USA
| | - Qing Lan
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Maria Teresa Landi
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Loic Le Marchand
- Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, Hawaii 96813, USA
| | - Donghui Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Xiaolin Liang
- Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - Linda M Liao
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Dongxin Lin
- Department of Etiology &Carcinogenesis, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China.,State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Jianjun Liu
- Department of Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore 138672, Singapore.,School of Life Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Jolanta Lissowska
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Warsaw 02-781, Poland
| | - Lingeng Lu
- Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut 06510, USA
| | - Anthony M Magliocco
- H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida 33612, USA
| | - Nuria Malats
- Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Keitaro Matsuo
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya 464-8681, Japan
| | - Lorna H McNeill
- Department of Health Disparities Research, Division of OVP, Cancer Prevention and Population Sciences, and Center for Community-Engaged Translational Research, Duncan Family Institute, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | | | - Beatrice S Melin
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Oncology, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Lisa Mirabello
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Lee Moore
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Sara H Olson
- Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - Irene Orlow
- Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - Jae Yong Park
- Lung Cancer Center, Kyungpook National University Medical Center, Daegu 101, Republic of Korea
| | - Ana Patiño-Garcia
- Department of Pediatrics, University Clinic of Navarra, Universidad de Navarra, IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona 31080, Spain
| | - Beata Peplonska
- Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, Lodz 91-348, Poland
| | - Ulrike Peters
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington 98109, USA
| | - Gloria M Petersen
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA
| | - Loreall Pooler
- University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90007, USA
| | - Jennifer Prescott
- Program in Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.,Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Ludmila Prokunina-Olsson
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Mark P Purdue
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - You-Lin Qiao
- Department of Epidemiology, Cancer Institute (Hospital), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Preetha Rajaraman
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Francisco X Real
- Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid 28029, Spain.,Departament de Ciències Experimentals i de la Salut, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona 08002, Spain
| | - Elio Riboli
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Harvey A Risch
- Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut 06510, USA
| | - Benjamin Rodriguez-Santiago
- Departament de Ciències Experimentals i de la Salut, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona 08002, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Barcelona, 28029, Spain.,Quantitative Genomic Medicine Laboratory, qGenomics, Barcelona 08003, Spain
| | - Avima M Ruder
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cincinnati, Ohio 45226, USA
| | - Sharon A Savage
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Fredrick Schumacher
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Biostatistics Division, Keck School of Medicine at the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90033, USA
| | - Ann G Schwartz
- Karmanos Cancer Institute and Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan 48201, USA
| | - Kendra L Schwartz
- Karmanos Cancer Institute and Department of Family Medicine and Public Health Sciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan 48201, USA
| | - Adeline Seow
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119077, Singapore
| | - Veronica Wendy Setiawan
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Biostatistics Division, Keck School of Medicine at the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90033, USA
| | - Gianluca Severi
- Cancer Epidemiology Centre, Cancer Council Victoria &Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia.,Human Genetics Foundation (HuGeF), Torino, 10126, Italy
| | - Hongbing Shen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China.,Department of Epidemiology, Nanjing Medical University School of Public Health, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Xin Sheng
- University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90007, USA
| | - Min-Ho Shin
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwanju 501-746, Republic of Korea
| | - Xiao-Ou Shu
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, USA
| | - Debra T Silverman
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | | | - Victoria L Stevens
- Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, USA
| | - Rachael Stolzenberg-Solomon
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Daniel Stram
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Biostatistics Division, Keck School of Medicine at the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90033, USA
| | - Ze-Zhong Tang
- Shanxi Cancer Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030013, China
| | - Philip R Taylor
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Lauren R Teras
- Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, USA
| | - Geoffrey S Tobias
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - David Van Den Berg
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Biostatistics Division, Keck School of Medicine at the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90033, USA
| | - Kala Visvanathan
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA
| | - Sholom Wacholder
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Jiu-Cun Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.,State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Zhaoming Wang
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.,Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Nicolas Wentzensen
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - William Wheeler
- Information Management Services Inc., Calverton, Maryland, 20904, USA
| | - Emily White
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington 98109, USA
| | - John K Wiencke
- University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143, USA
| | - Brian M Wolpin
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.,Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - Maria Pik Wong
- Department of Pathology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chen Wu
- Department of Etiology &Carcinogenesis, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China.,State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Tangchun Wu
- Institute of Occupational Medicine and Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430400, China
| | - Xifeng Wu
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Yi-Long Wu
- Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangdong General Hospital &Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 515200, China
| | - Jay S Wunder
- Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangdong General Hospital &Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 515200, China
| | - Lucy Xia
- University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90007, USA
| | - Hannah P Yang
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Pan-Chyr Yang
- Division of Urologic Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri 63110, USA
| | - Kai Yu
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Krista A Zanetti
- Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Anne Zeleniuch-Jacquotte
- New York University Cancer Institute, New York, New York 10016, USA.,Department of Population Health, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York 10016, USA
| | - Wei Zheng
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, USA
| | - Baosen Zhou
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
| | - Regina G Ziegler
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Luis A Perez-Jurado
- Departament de Ciències Experimentals i de la Salut, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona 08002, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Barcelona, 28029, Spain
| | - Neil E Caporaso
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Nathaniel Rothman
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Margaret Tucker
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Michael C Dean
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Meredith Yeager
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.,Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Stephen J Chanock
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
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4
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Machiela MJ, Zhou W, Sampson JN, Dean MC, Jacobs KB, Black A, Brinton LA, Chang IS, Chen C, Chen C, Chen K, Cook LS, Crous Bou M, De Vivo I, Doherty J, Friedenreich CM, Gaudet MM, Haiman CA, Hankinson SE, Hartge P, Henderson BE, Hong YC, Hosgood HD, Hsiung CA, Hu W, Hunter DJ, Jessop L, Kim HN, Kim YH, Kim YT, Klein R, Kraft P, Lan Q, Lin D, Liu J, Le Marchand L, Liang X, Lissowska J, Lu L, Magliocco AM, Matsuo K, Olson SH, Orlow I, Park JY, Pooler L, Prescott J, Rastogi R, Risch HA, Schumacher F, Seow A, Setiawan VW, Shen H, Sheng X, Shin MH, Shu XO, VanDen Berg D, Wang JC, Wentzensen N, Wong MP, Wu C, Wu T, Wu YL, Xia L, Yang HP, Yang PC, Zheng W, Zhou B, Abnet CC, Albanes D, Aldrich MC, Amos C, Amundadottir LT, Berndt SI, Blot WJ, Bock CH, Bracci PM, Burdett L, Buring JE, Butler MA, Carreón T, Chatterjee N, Chung CC, Cook MB, Cullen M, Davis FG, Ding T, Duell EJ, Epstein CG, Fan JH, Figueroa JD, Fraumeni JF, Freedman ND, Fuchs CS, Gao YT, Gapstur SM, Patiño-Garcia A, Garcia-Closas M, Gaziano JM, Giles GG, Gillanders EM, Giovannucci EL, Goldin L, Goldstein AM, Greene MH, Hallmans G, Harris CC, Henriksson R, Holly EA, Hoover RN, Hu N, Hutchinson A, Jenab M, Johansen C, Khaw KT, Koh WP, Kolonel LN, Kooperberg C, Krogh V, Kurtz RC, LaCroix A, Landgren A, Landi MT, Li D, Liao LM, Malats N, McGlynn KA, McNeill LH, McWilliams RR, Melin BS, Mirabello L, Peplonska B, Peters U, Petersen GM, Prokunina-Olsson L, Purdue M, Qiao YL, Rabe KG, Rajaraman P, Real FX, Riboli E, Rodríguez-Santiago B, Rothman N, Ruder AM, Savage SA, Schwartz AG, Schwartz KL, Sesso HD, Severi G, Silverman DT, Spitz MR, Stevens VL, Stolzenberg-Solomon R, Stram D, Tang ZZ, Taylor PR, Teras LR, Tobias GS, Viswanathan K, Wacholder S, Wang Z, Weinstein SJ, Wheeler W, White E, Wiencke JK, Wolpin BM, Wu X, Wunder JS, Yu K, Zanetti KA, Zeleniuch-Jacquotte A, Ziegler RG, de Andrade M, Barnes KC, Beaty TH, Bierut LJ, Desch KC, Doheny KF, Feenstra B, Ginsburg D, Heit JA, Kang JH, Laurie CA, Li JZ, Lowe WL, Marazita ML, Melbye M, Mirel DB, Murray JC, Nelson SC, Pasquale LR, Rice K, Wiggs JL, Wise A, Tucker M, Pérez-Jurado LA, Laurie CC, Caporaso NE, Yeager M, Chanock SJ. Characterization of large structural genetic mosaicism in human autosomes. Am J Hum Genet 2015; 96:487-97. [PMID: 25748358 PMCID: PMC4375431 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2015.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2014] [Accepted: 01/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Analyses of genome-wide association study (GWAS) data have revealed that detectable genetic mosaicism involving large (>2 Mb) structural autosomal alterations occurs in a fraction of individuals. We present results for a set of 24,849 genotyped individuals (total GWAS set II [TGSII]) in whom 341 large autosomal abnormalities were observed in 168 (0.68%) individuals. Merging data from the new TGSII set with data from two prior reports (the Gene-Environment Association Studies and the total GWAS set I) generated a large dataset of 127,179 individuals; we then conducted a meta-analysis to investigate the patterns of detectable autosomal mosaicism (n = 1,315 events in 925 [0.73%] individuals). Restricting to events >2 Mb in size, we observed an increase in event frequency as event size decreased. The combined results underscore that the rate of detectable mosaicism increases with age (p value = 5.5 × 10(-31)) and is higher in men (p value = 0.002) but lower in participants of African ancestry (p value = 0.003). In a subset of 47 individuals from whom serial samples were collected up to 6 years apart, complex changes were noted over time and showed an overall increase in the proportion of mosaic cells as age increased. Our large combined sample allowed for a unique ability to characterize detectable genetic mosaicism involving large structural events and strengthens the emerging evidence of non-random erosion of the genome in the aging population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitchell J Machiela
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Weiyin Zhou
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Joshua N Sampson
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Michael C Dean
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, NIH, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Kevin B Jacobs
- Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; BioInformed LLC, Gaithersburg, MD 20877, USA
| | - Amanda Black
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Louise A Brinton
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - I-Shou Chang
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan 35053, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chu Chen
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Constance Chen
- Program in Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Kexin Chen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin 300040, People's Republic of China
| | - Linda S Cook
- University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Marta Crous Bou
- Program in Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Immaculata De Vivo
- Program in Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jennifer Doherty
- Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Lebanon, NH 03755, USA
| | - Christine M Friedenreich
- Department of Population Health Research, CancerControl Alberta, Alberta Health Services, Calgary, AB T2N 2T9, Canada
| | - Mia M Gaudet
- Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Christopher A Haiman
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Susan E Hankinson
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Patricia Hartge
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Brian E Henderson
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Yun-Chul Hong
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea
| | - H Dean Hosgood
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Chao A Hsiung
- Institute of Population Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan 35053, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Wei Hu
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - David J Hunter
- Program in Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Lea Jessop
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Hee Nam Kim
- Center for Creative Biomedical Scientists, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeul Hong Kim
- Division of Oncology/Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Korea University Anam Hospital, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Tae Kim
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Cancer Research Institute, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Robert Klein
- Program in Cancer Biology and Genetics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Peter Kraft
- Program in Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Qing Lan
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Dongxin Lin
- Department of Etiology & Carcinogenesis, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, People's Republic of China; State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianjun Liu
- Department of Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore 138672, Singapore; School of Life Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, People's Republic of China
| | - Loic Le Marchand
- Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA
| | - Xiaolin Liang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Jolanta Lissowska
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Warsaw 02-781, Poland
| | - Lingeng Lu
- Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | | | - Keitaro Matsuo
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Sara H Olson
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Irene Orlow
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Jae Yong Park
- Lung Cancer Center, Kyungpook National University Medical Center, Daegu 101, Republic of Korea
| | - Loreall Pooler
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90007, USA
| | - Jennifer Prescott
- Program in Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Radhai Rastogi
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | | | - Fredrick Schumacher
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Adeline Seow
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119077, Singapore
| | - Veronica Wendy Setiawan
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Hongbing Shen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention, and Treatment, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, People's Republic of China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Sheng
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90007, USA
| | - Min-Ho Shin
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwanju 501-746, Republic of Korea
| | - Xiao-Ou Shu
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - David VanDen Berg
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Jiu-Cun Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China; State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Nicolas Wentzensen
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Maria Pik Wong
- Department of Pathology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Chen Wu
- Department of Etiology & Carcinogenesis, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, People's Republic of China; State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, People's Republic of China
| | - Tangchun Wu
- Institute of Occupational Medicine and Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430400, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi-Long Wu
- Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangdong General Hospital and Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 515200, People's Republic of China
| | - Lucy Xia
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90007, USA
| | - Hannah P Yang
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Pan-Chyr Yang
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Wei Zheng
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Baosen Zhou
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, People's Republic of China
| | - Christian C Abnet
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Demetrius Albanes
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Melinda C Aldrich
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Thoracic Surgery, School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Christopher Amos
- Department of Epidemiology, Division of Cancer Prevention and Population Sciences, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Laufey T Amundadottir
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Sonja I Berndt
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - William J Blot
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; International Epidemiology Institute, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Cathryn H Bock
- Karmanos Cancer Institute and Department of Oncology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Paige M Bracci
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Laurie Burdett
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Julie E Buring
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Mary A Butler
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA
| | - Tania Carreón
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA
| | - Nilanjan Chatterjee
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Charles C Chung
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Michael B Cook
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Michael Cullen
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Faith G Davis
- Department of Public Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - Ti Ding
- Shanxi Cancer Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030013, People's Republic of China
| | - Eric J Duell
- Unit of Nutrition, Environment, and Cancer, Cancer Epidemiology Research Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute,, Barcelona 08908, Spain
| | - Caroline G Epstein
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Jin-Hu Fan
- Shanghai Cancer Institute, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Jonine D Figueroa
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Joseph F Fraumeni
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Neal D Freedman
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Charles S Fuchs
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Yu-Tang Gao
- Department of Epidemiology, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotaong University Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Susan M Gapstur
- Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Ana Patiño-Garcia
- Department of Pediatrics, University Clinic of Navarra, Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona 31080, Spain
| | - Montserrat Garcia-Closas
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology and Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Research, London, Surrey SM2 5NG, UK
| | - J Michael Gaziano
- Divisions of Preventive Medicine and Aging, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Massachusetts Veterans Epidemiology Research and Information Center and Cooperative Studies Programs, Veterans Affairs Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA 02130, USA
| | - Graham G Giles
- Cancer Epidemiology Centre, Cancer Council Victoria and Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Elizabeth M Gillanders
- Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Edward L Giovannucci
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Lynn Goldin
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Alisa M Goldstein
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Mark H Greene
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Goran Hallmans
- Nutritional Research Unit, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå 901 87, Sweden
| | - Curtis C Harris
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Roger Henriksson
- Department of Oncology, Department of Radiation Sciences, Umeå University, Umeå 901 87, Sweden
| | - Elizabeth A Holly
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Robert N Hoover
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Nan Hu
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Amy Hutchinson
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Mazda Jenab
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon 69372, France
| | - Christoffer Johansen
- Department of Oncology, Finsen Centre, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark; Unit of Survivorship Research, Danish Cancer Society Research Centre, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
| | - Kay-Tee Khaw
- School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1TN, UK
| | - Woon-Puay Koh
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119077, Singapore; Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Laurence N Kolonel
- Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA
| | - Charles Kooperberg
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Vittorio Krogh
- Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milano 20133, Italy
| | - Robert C Kurtz
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Andrea LaCroix
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Annelie Landgren
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Maria Teresa Landi
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Donghui Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Linda M Liao
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Nuria Malats
- Spanish National Cancer Research Centre, Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Katherine A McGlynn
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Lorna H McNeill
- Department of Health Disparities Research, Division of OVP, Cancer Prevention and Population Sciences, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Center for Community-Engaged Translational Research, Duncan Family Institute, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | | | - Beatrice S Melin
- Department of Oncology, Department of Radiation Sciences, Umeå University, Umeå 901 87, Sweden
| | - Lisa Mirabello
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Beata Peplonska
- Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, Lodz 91-348, Poland
| | - Ulrike Peters
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Gloria M Petersen
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Ludmila Prokunina-Olsson
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Mark Purdue
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - You-Lin Qiao
- Department of Epidemiology, Cancer Institute, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, People's Republic of China
| | - Kari G Rabe
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Preetha Rajaraman
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Francisco X Real
- Spanish National Cancer Research Centre, Madrid 28029, Spain; Departament de Ciències Experimentals i de la Salut, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona 08003, Spain
| | - Elio Riboli
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Benjamín Rodríguez-Santiago
- Departament de Ciències Experimentals i de la Salut, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona 08003, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, Barcelona 08003, Spain; Quantitative Genomic Medicine Laboratory, qGenomics, Barcelona 08003, Spain
| | - Nathaniel Rothman
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Avima M Ruder
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA
| | - Sharon A Savage
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Ann G Schwartz
- Karmanos Cancer Institute and Department of Oncology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Kendra L Schwartz
- Karmanos Cancer Institute and Department of Family Medicine and Public Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Howard D Sesso
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Gianluca Severi
- Cancer Epidemiology Centre, Cancer Council Victoria and Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia; Human Genetics Foundation, Torino 10126, Italy
| | - Debra T Silverman
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | | | - Victoria L Stevens
- Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | | | - Daniel Stram
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Ze-Zhong Tang
- Shanxi Cancer Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030013, People's Republic of China
| | - Philip R Taylor
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Lauren R Teras
- Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Geoffrey S Tobias
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Kala Viswanathan
- Department of Epidemiology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Sholom Wacholder
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Zhaoming Wang
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Stephanie J Weinstein
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - William Wheeler
- Information Management Services Inc., Calverton, MD 20904, USA
| | - Emily White
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - John K Wiencke
- University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Brian M Wolpin
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Xifeng Wu
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jay S Wunder
- Division of Urologic Surgery, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Kai Yu
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Krista A Zanetti
- Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Anne Zeleniuch-Jacquotte
- Department of Population Health, School of Medicine, New York University, New York, NY 10016, USA; Perlmutter Cancer Institute, New York University, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Regina G Ziegler
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Mariza de Andrade
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Kathleen C Barnes
- School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Terri H Beaty
- Department of Epidemiology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Laura J Bierut
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Karl C Desch
- Department of Pediatrics and Communicable Diseases, C.S. Mott Children's Hospital, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Kimberly F Doheny
- Center for Inherited Disease Research, Institute of Genetic Medicine, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Bjarke Feenstra
- Department of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen 2300, Denmark
| | - David Ginsburg
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - John A Heit
- Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Jae H Kang
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Cecilia A Laurie
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Jun Z Li
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - William L Lowe
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Molecular Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60208, USA
| | - Mary L Marazita
- Center for Craniofacial and Dental Genetics, Department of Oral Biology School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA; Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - Mads Melbye
- Department of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen 2300, Denmark; Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Daniel B Mirel
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Jeffrey C Murray
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Sarah C Nelson
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Louis R Pasquale
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Kenneth Rice
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Janey L Wiggs
- Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Anastasia Wise
- Office of Population Genomics, National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Margaret Tucker
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Luis A Pérez-Jurado
- Departament de Ciències Experimentals i de la Salut, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona 08003, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, Barcelona 08003, Spain; Hospital del Mar Research Institute, Barcelona 08003, Spain
| | - Cathy C Laurie
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Neil E Caporaso
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Meredith Yeager
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Stephen J Chanock
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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