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Shoemaker TR, Nyakarahuka L, Balinandi S, Ojwang J, Tumusiime A, Mulei S, Kyondo J, Lubwama B, Sekamatte M, Namutebi A, Tusiime P, Monje F, Mayanja M, Ssendagire S, Dahlke M, Kyazze S, Wetaka M, Makumbi I, Borchert J, Zufan S, Patel K, Whitmer S, Brown S, Davis WG, Klena JD, Nichol ST, Rollin PE, Lutwama J. First Laboratory-Confirmed Outbreak of Human and Animal Rift Valley Fever Virus in Uganda in 48 Years. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2020; 100:659-671. [PMID: 30675833 PMCID: PMC6402942 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.18-0732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In March 2016, an outbreak of Rift Valley fever (RVF) was identified in Kabale district, southwestern Uganda. A comprehensive outbreak investigation was initiated, including human, livestock, and mosquito vector investigations. Overall, four cases of acute, nonfatal human disease were identified, three by RVF virus (RVFV) reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and one by IgM and IgG serology. Investigations of cattle, sheep, and goat samples from homes and villages of confirmed and probable RVF cases and the Kabale central abattoir found that eight of 83 (10%) animals were positive for RVFV by IgG serology; one goat from the home of a confirmed case tested positive by RT-PCR. Whole genome sequencing from three clinical specimens was performed and phylogenetic analysis inferred the relatedness of 2016 RVFV with the 2006–2007 Kenya-2 clade, suggesting previous introduction of RVFV into southwestern Uganda. An entomological survey identified three of 298 pools (1%) of Aedes and Coquillettidia species that were RVFV positive by RT-PCR. This was the first identification of RVFV in Uganda in 48 years and the 10th independent viral hemorrhagic fever outbreak to be confirmed in Uganda since 2010.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trevor R Shoemaker
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia.,Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention-Uganda, Entebbe, Uganda
| | - Luke Nyakarahuka
- Department of Biosecurity, Ecosystems and Veterinary Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resources and Biosecurity, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda.,Department of Arbovirology, Emerging and Reemerging Infectious Diseases, Uganda Virus Research Institute, Entebbe, Uganda
| | - Stephen Balinandi
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention-Uganda, Entebbe, Uganda
| | - Joseph Ojwang
- Global Health Security Unit, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention-Uganda, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Alex Tumusiime
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention-Uganda, Entebbe, Uganda
| | - Sophia Mulei
- Department of Arbovirology, Emerging and Reemerging Infectious Diseases, Uganda Virus Research Institute, Entebbe, Uganda
| | - Jackson Kyondo
- Department of Biosecurity, Ecosystems and Veterinary Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resources and Biosecurity, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | | | | | | | | | - Fred Monje
- Ministry of Agriculture, Animal Industry and Fisheries, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Martin Mayanja
- Department of Arbovirology, Emerging and Reemerging Infectious Diseases, Uganda Virus Research Institute, Entebbe, Uganda
| | | | - Melissa Dahlke
- Public Health Emergency Operations Centre, Ministry of Health, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Simon Kyazze
- Public Health Emergency Operations Centre, Ministry of Health, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Milton Wetaka
- Public Health Emergency Operations Centre, Ministry of Health, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Issa Makumbi
- Public Health Emergency Operations Centre, Ministry of Health, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Jeff Borchert
- Global Health Security Unit, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention-Uganda, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Sara Zufan
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Ketan Patel
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Shannon Whitmer
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Shelley Brown
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - William G Davis
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - John D Klena
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Stuart T Nichol
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Pierre E Rollin
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Julius Lutwama
- Department of Arbovirology, Emerging and Reemerging Infectious Diseases, Uganda Virus Research Institute, Entebbe, Uganda
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Kotsakiozi P, Evans BR, Gloria‐Soria A, Kamgang B, Mayanja M, Lutwama J, Le Goff G, Ayala D, Paupy C, Badolo A, Pinto J, Sousa CA, Troco AD, Powell JR. Population structure of a vector of human diseases: Aedes aegypti in its ancestral range, Africa. Ecol Evol 2018; 8:7835-7848. [PMID: 30250667 PMCID: PMC6145026 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.4278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2017] [Revised: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Aedes aegypti, the major vector of dengue, yellow fever, chikungunya, and Zika viruses, remains of great medical and public health concern. There is little doubt that the ancestral home of the species is Africa. This mosquito invaded the New World 400-500 years ago and later, Asia. However, little is known about the genetic structure and history of Ae. aegypti across Africa, as well as the possible origin(s) of the New World invasion. Here, we use ~17,000 genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) to characterize a heretofore undocumented complex picture of this mosquito across its ancestral range in Africa. We find signatures of human-assisted migrations, connectivity across long distances in sylvan populations, and of local admixture between domestic and sylvan populations. Finally, through a phylogenetic analysis combined with the genetic structure analyses, we suggest West Africa and especially Angola as the source of the New World's invasion, a scenario that fits well with the historic record of 16th-century slave trade between Africa and Americas.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Andrea Gloria‐Soria
- Yale UniversityNew HavenConnecticut
- Present address:
The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment StationNew HavenConnecticut
| | - Basile Kamgang
- Centre for Research in Infectious DiseasesP.O. Box 13591YaoundéCameroon
| | | | | | - Gilbert Le Goff
- MIVEGEC Laboratory (UMR IRD 224‐5290 CNRS‐UM)Institut de Recherche pour le développement (IRD)MontpellierFrance
- IRD La Réunion‐GIP CYROILa RéunionFrance
| | - Diego Ayala
- MIVEGEC Laboratory (UMR IRD 224‐5290 CNRS‐UM)Institut de Recherche pour le développement (IRD)MontpellierFrance
- Centre International de Recherches Médicales de Franceville (CIRMF)FrancevilleGabon
| | - Christophe Paupy
- MIVEGEC Laboratory (UMR IRD 224‐5290 CNRS‐UM)Institut de Recherche pour le développement (IRD)MontpellierFrance
| | - Athanase Badolo
- Laboratoire d'Entomologie Fondamentale et AppliquéeUniversité Ouaga 1 Pr Joseph KI‐ZERBO03 BP 7021Ouagadougou 03Burkina Faso
| | - Joao Pinto
- Global Health and Tropical Medicine, GHTMInstituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, IHMTUniversidade Nova de Lisboa, UNLLisbonPortugal
| | - Carla A. Sousa
- Global Health and Tropical Medicine, GHTMInstituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, IHMTUniversidade Nova de Lisboa, UNLLisbonPortugal
| | - Arlete D. Troco
- Programa Nacional de Controle da MaláriaDirecção Nacional de Saúde PúblicaMinistério da SaúdeLuandaAngola
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Mayanja M, Mutebi JP, Crabtree MB, Ssenfuka F, Muwawu T, Lutwama JJ. STUDIES ON THE SPECIES COMPOSITION AND RELATIVE ABUNDANCE OF MOSQUITOES OF MPIGI DISTRICT, CENTRAL UGANDA. J Entomol Zool Stud 2014; 2:317-322. [PMID: 26346305 PMCID: PMC4560683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Prediction of arboviral disease outbreaks and planning for appropriate control interventions require knowledge of the mosquito vectors involved. Although mosquito surveys have been conducted in different regions of Uganda since the mid 30's such studies have not been carried out in Mpigi District. In October 2011, we conducted mosquito collections in Mpigi district to determine species composition and relative abundance of the different species. The survey was conducted in four villages, Njeru, Ddela, Kiwumu and Nsumbain Kammengo sub-county, Mpigi district, Uganda. CDC light traps baited with dry ice (carbon dioxide) were used to capture adult mosquitoes. A total of 54,878 mosquitoes comprising 46 species from eight genera were collected. The dominant species at all sites was Coquilletidia (Coquilletidia) fuscopennata Theobald (n=38,059, 69%), followed by Coquillettidia (Coquillettidia) metallica Theobald (n=4,265, 7.8%). The number of species collected varied from 17 in the genus Culex to 1 in the genus Lutzia. Of the 46 species identified, arboviruses had previously been isolated from 28 (60.9%) suggesting a high potential for arboviral transmission and/or maintenance in Mpigi District.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Mayanja
- Department of Arbovirology, Uganda Virus Research Institute, P.O. BOX 49, Entebbe, Uganda
| | - John-Paul Mutebi
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division of Vector-Borne Diseases,3156 Rampart Road, Fort Collins, CO 80521, USA
| | - Mary B Crabtree
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division of Vector-Borne Diseases,3156 Rampart Road, Fort Collins, CO 80521, USA
| | - Fred Ssenfuka
- Department of Arbovirology, Uganda Virus Research Institute, P.O. BOX 49, Entebbe, Uganda
| | - Teddy Muwawu
- Department of Arbovirology, Uganda Virus Research Institute, P.O. BOX 49, Entebbe, Uganda
| | - Julius J Lutwama
- Department of Arbovirology, Uganda Virus Research Institute, P.O. BOX 49, Entebbe, Uganda
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