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Gifford G, Szabo M, Hibbard R, Mateo D, Colling A, Gardner I, Erlacher Vindel E. Validation, certification and registration of veterinary diagnostic test kits by the World Organisation for Animal Health Secretariat for Registration of Diagnostic Kits. REV SCI TECH OIE 2021; 40:173-188. [PMID: 34140732 DOI: 10.20506/rst.40.1.3216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
In the field of diagnostic test validation, World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE) Reference Laboratories (RLs) have a pivotal role and provide the international community with impartial advice and support in the selection, development and validation of diagnostic tests, which can be applied to the specialist diseases for which they are designated. National RLs provide an invaluable function in supporting the introduction, ongoing validation and application of validated diagnostic tests in line with international standards. Experienced staff with extensive knowledge of such systems and access to specialist facilities for conducting work are available to monitor changes or advancements in technology. They consider their relevance and value to evolving diagnostic test requirements. Reference Laboratories often have a broad mandate of activity linking research or development programmes and surveillance activities to benefit the continual assessment and, if necessary, improvement of diagnostic tools. Reference Laboratories maintain or have access to unique biological archives (known positive and negative sample populations) and produce international reference standards, both of which are vital in establishing the necessary and detailed validation of any diagnostic test. Reference Laboratories act either singularly or in collaborative partnerships with other RLs or science institutes, but also, when required, and with impartiality, with the commercial sector, to ensure new tests are validated according to OIE standards. They promote and apply formal programmes of quality assurance (including proficiency testing programmes) for newly validated tests, ensuring ongoing monitoring and compliance with standards, or as required set out any limitations or uncertainties. Reference Laboratories publish information on test validation in the scientific literature and on relevant websites, as well as disseminating information at workshops and international conferences. Furthermore, they can offer training in the processes and systems underpinning test validation.
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Ould-Nana I, Szabo M, Farghadani H, Leyder E, Bodlet A. Boerhaave's syndrome initially presented with sore throat and cough complicated by a bilateral pneumothorax. Acta Gastroenterol Belg 2020; 83:322-324. [PMID: 32603054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A 14-year-old male was admitted to the Emergency Department with sore throat and cough. One hour after his admission, he presented a hemodynamic compromise with a respiratory failure. The thoracic tomodensitometry highlighted a tension bilateral pneumothorax and mediastinum consecutive to an esophageal rupture in the left posterolateral wall also known as Boerhaave's syndrome which was treated successfully with a non-operative management. To avoid a recurrence of bilateral pneumothorax, a left pleuroscopy with talc pleurodesis was performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Ould-Nana
- Department of Pneumology, Clinique Saint Joseph, Arlon, Belgium
| | - M Szabo
- Department of Pneumology, Clinique Saint Joseph, Arlon, Belgium
| | - H Farghadani
- Department of General Surgery, Clinique Saint Joseph, Arlon, Belgium
| | - E Leyder
- Department of Pneumology, Clinique Saint Joseph, Arlon, Belgium
| | - A Bodlet
- Department of Pneumology, Clinique Saint Joseph, Arlon, Belgium
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Muk B, Vamos M, Bogyi P, Szabo B, Vagany D, Majoros ZS, Szabo M, Borsanyi T, Dekany M, Duray GZ, Kiss RG, Nyolczas N. 205The impact of serum concentration guided digoxin therapy on mortality: a long-term follow-up, propensity-matched cohort study. Eur Heart J 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehy564.205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- B Muk
- Medical Centre, Hungarian Defence Forces, Cardiology, Budapest, Hungary
| | - M Vamos
- Goethe University, Cardiology, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - P Bogyi
- Medical Centre, Hungarian Defence Forces, Cardiology, Budapest, Hungary
| | - B Szabo
- Orebro University Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Orebro, Sweden
| | - D Vagany
- Medical Centre, Hungarian Defence Forces, Cardiology, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Z S Majoros
- Medical Centre, Hungarian Defence Forces, Cardiology, Budapest, Hungary
| | - M Szabo
- Medical Centre, Hungarian Defence Forces, Cardiology, Budapest, Hungary
| | - T Borsanyi
- Medical Centre, Hungarian Defence Forces, Cardiology, Budapest, Hungary
| | - M Dekany
- Medical Centre, Hungarian Defence Forces, Cardiology, Budapest, Hungary
| | - G Z Duray
- Medical Centre, Hungarian Defence Forces, Cardiology, Budapest, Hungary
| | - R G Kiss
- Medical Centre, Hungarian Defence Forces, Cardiology, Budapest, Hungary
| | - N Nyolczas
- Medical Centre, Hungarian Defence Forces, Cardiology, Budapest, Hungary
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Szabo M, Heller N, Gallanagh M, Nussey F, Gourley C, Mackean M. Changes in cognitive impairment in ovarian cancer patients receiving chemotherapy; a pilot study. Eur J Cancer 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(17)30630-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Palmer SC, Ruospo M, Wong G, Craig JC, Petruzzi M, De Benedittis M, Ford P, Johnson DW, Tonelli M, Natale P, Saglimbene V, Pellegrini F, Celia E, Gelfman R, Leal MR, Torok M, Stroumza P, Bednarek-Skublewska A, Dulawa J, Frantzen L, Ferrari JN, del Castillo D, Bernat AG, Hegbrant J, Wollheim C, Gargano L, Bots CP, Strippoli GF, Raña S, Serrano M, Claros S, Arias M, Petracci L, Arana M, De Rosa P, Gutierrez A, Simon M, Vergara V, Tosi M, Cernadas M, Vilamajó I, Gravac D, Paulón M, Penayo L, Carrizo G, Ghiani M, Perez G, Da Cruz O, Galarce D, Gravielle M, Vescovo E, Paparone R, Mato Mira C, Mojico E, Hermida O, Florio D, Yucoswky M, Labonia W, Rubio D, Di Napoli G, Fernandez A, Altman H, Rodriguez J, Serrano S, Valle G, Lobos M, Acosta V, Corpacci G, Jofre M, Gianoni L, Chiesura G, Capdevila M, Montenegro J, Bequi J, Dayer J, Gómez A, Calderón C, Abrego E, Cechín C, García J, Corral J, Natiello M, Coronel A, Muñiz M, Muñiz V, Bonelli A, Sanchez F, Maestre S, Olivera S, Camargo M, Avalos V, Geandet E, Canteli M, Escobar A, Sena E, Tirado S, Peñalba A, Neme G, Cisneros M, Oliszewski R, Nascar V, Daud M, Mansilla S, Paredes Álvarez A, Gamín L, Arijón M, Coombes M, Zapata M, Boriceanu C, Frantzen-Trendel S, Albert K, Csaszar I, Kiss E, Kosa D, Orosz A, Redl J, Kovacs L, Varga E, Szabo M, Magyar K, Kriza G, Zajko E, Bereczki A, Csikos J, Kuti A, Mike A, Steiner K, Nemeth E, Tolnai K, Toth A, Vinczene J, Szummer S, Tanyi E, Toth R, Szilvia M, Dambrosio N, Paparella G, Sambati M, Donatelli C, Pedone F, Cagnazzo V, Antinoro R, Torsello F, Saturno C, Giannoccaro G, Maldera S, Boccia E, Mantuano M, Di Toro Mammarella R, Meconizzi M, Steri P, Riccardi C, Flammini A, Moscardelli L, Murgo M, San Filippo N, Pagano S, Marino G, Montalto G, Cantarella S, Salamone B, Randazzo G, Rallo D, Maniscalco A, Fici M, Lupo A, Pellegrino P, Fichera R, D’Angelo A, Falsitta N, Bochenska-Nowacka E, Jaroszynski A, Drabik J, Birecka M, Daniewska D, Drobisz M, Doskocz K, Wyrwicz G, Inchaustegui L, Outerelo C, Sousa Mendes D, Mendes A, Lopes J, Barbas J, Madeira C, Fortes A, Vizinho R, Cortesão A, Almeida E, Bernat A, De la Torre B, Lopez A, Martín J, Cuesta G, Rodriguez R, Ros F, Garcia M, Orero E, Ros E, Caetano A, MacGregor K, Santos M, Silva Pinheiro S, Martins L, Leitão D, Izidoro C, Bava G, Bora A, Gorena H, Calderón T, Dupuy R, Alonso N, Siciliano V, Frantzen-Trendel S, Nagy K, Bajusz Ö, Pinke I, Decsi G, Gyergyoi L, Jobba Z, Zalai Z, Zsedenyi Á, Kiss G, Pinter M, Kereszturi M, Petruzzi M, De Benedittis M, Szkutnik J, Sieczkarek J, Capelo A, Garcia Gallart M, Mendieta C. Dental Health and Mortality in People With End-Stage Kidney Disease Treated With Hemodialysis: A Multinational Cohort Study. Am J Kidney Dis 2015; 66:666-76. [DOI: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2015.04.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2015] [Accepted: 04/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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Foldesi C, Penzes M, Szabo M. Comparing Characteristics of Hungarian "Real Life" Patients With Participants of RCTS: First-Line Disease Modifying Therapies in Multiple Sclerosis. Value Health 2014; 17:A404. [PMID: 27200972 DOI: 10.1016/j.jval.2014.08.932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- C Foldesi
- National Institute of Quality and Organizational Development in Healthcare and Medicines, Budapest, Hungary
| | - M Penzes
- National Health Insurance Fund, Budapest, Hungary
| | - M Szabo
- National Health Insurance Fund, Budapest, Hungary
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Khan F, Ottensmeier C, Popat S, Dua D, Dorey N, Ellis S, Szabo M, Upadhyay S, Califano R, Chan S, Lee L, Ali CW, Nicolson M, Bates AT, Button M, Chaudhuri A, Mulvenna P, Shaw HM, Danson SJ. Afatinib use in non-small cell lung cancer previously sensitive to epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitors: the United Kingdom Named Patient Programme. Eur J Cancer 2014; 50:1717-1721. [PMID: 24726055 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2014.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2014] [Revised: 02/26/2014] [Accepted: 03/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Afatinib prolongs progression-free survival (PFS) in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) who were previously sensitive to erlotinib or gefitinib. This study investigated experience of afatinib under a Named Patient Use (NPU) programme. PATIENTS AND METHODS Retrospective data for 63 patients were collected, including demographics, dose, toxicity and clinical efficacy. RESULTS Response rate and median PFS were 14.3% and 2.6months, respectively. Diarrhoea and rash were the most common toxicities; 46% of patients required a dose reduction and 41% had a dose delay. CONCLUSIONS Efficacy and safety in the NPU programme are consistent with the LUX-Lung 1 trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Khan
- Academic Unit of Clinical Oncology, Weston Park Hospital, Sheffield S10 2SJ, United Kingdom
| | - C Ottensmeier
- Southampton NIHR Experimental Cancer Medicine Center and Southampton University Hospitals NHS Foundation, Southampton SO16 6YD, United Kingdom
| | - S Popat
- Royal Marsden Hospital, London SW3 6JJ, United Kingdom
| | - D Dua
- Guy's and St. Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London SE1 9RT, United Kingdom
| | - N Dorey
- Royal Devon and Exeter NHS Foundation Trust, Exeter EX2 5DW, United Kingdom
| | - S Ellis
- Royal Bournemouth Hospital, Bournemouth BH7 7DW, United Kingdom
| | - M Szabo
- Southampton NIHR Experimental Cancer Medicine Center and Southampton University Hospitals NHS Foundation, Southampton SO16 6YD, United Kingdom
| | - S Upadhyay
- Hull and East Yorkshire Hospitals NHS Trust, Hull HU16 5JQ, United Kingdom
| | - R Califano
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester M20 4BX, United Kingdom
| | - S Chan
- Harrogate and District NHS Foundation Trust, Harrogate HG2 7SX, United Kingdom
| | - L Lee
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester M20 4BX, United Kingdom
| | - C W Ali
- Beatson West of Scotland Cancer Centre, Glasgow G12 0YN, United Kingdom
| | - M Nicolson
- Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, Aberdeen AB25 2ZN, United Kingdom
| | - A T Bates
- Southampton NIHR Experimental Cancer Medicine Center and Southampton University Hospitals NHS Foundation, Southampton SO16 6YD, United Kingdom
| | - M Button
- Velindre Cancer Centre, Cardiff CF14 2TL, United Kingdom
| | - A Chaudhuri
- United Lincolnshire Hospitals NHS Trust, Lincoln LN2 5QY, United Kingdom
| | - P Mulvenna
- Newcastle upon Tyne NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle NE7 7DN, United Kingdom
| | - H M Shaw
- University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London NW1 2PG, United Kingdom
| | - S J Danson
- Academic Unit of Clinical Oncology, Weston Park Hospital, Sheffield S10 2SJ, United Kingdom.
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Alipour M, Buonocore C, Omri A, Szabo M, Pucaj K, Suntres ZE. Therapeutic effect of liposomal-N-acetylcysteine against acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity. J Drug Target 2013; 21:466-73. [PMID: 23600745 DOI: 10.3109/1061186x.2013.765443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acetaminophen (APAP) is an antipyretic analgesic drug that when taken in overdose causes depletion of glutathione (GSH) and hepatotoxicity. N-acetylcysteine (NAC) is the antidote of choice for the treatment of APAP toxicity; however, due to its short-half-life repeated dosing of NAC is required. PURPOSE To determine whether a NAC-loaded liposomal formulation (Lipo-NAC) is more effective than the conventional NAC in protecting against acute APAP-induced hepatotoxicity. METHODS Male Sprague-Dawley rats were challenged with an intragastric dose of APAP (850 mg/kg b.wt.); 4 h later, animals were administered saline, NAC, Lipo-NAC or empty liposomes and sacrificed 24 h post-APAP treatment. RESULTS APAP administration resulted in hepatic injury as evidenced by increases in plasma bilirubin, alanine (AST) and aspartate (ALT) aminotransferase levels and tissue levels of lipid peroxidation and myeloperoxidase as well as decreases in hepatic levels of reduced GSH, GSH peroxidase and GSH reductase. Treatment of animals with Lipo-NAC was significantly more effective than free NAC in reducing APAP-induced hepatotoxicity. Histological evaluation showed that APAP caused periacinar hepatocellular apoptosis and/or necrosis of hepatocytes around the terminal hepatic venules which was reduced by NAC treatment, the degree of reduction being greater for Lipo-NAC. CONCLUSION These data suggest that administration of Lipo-NAC ameliorated the APAP-induced hepatotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Misagh Alipour
- Medical Sciences Division, Northern Ontario School of Medicine, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, ON P7B 5E1, Canada
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Abstract
Selected morphological, molecular and functional aspects of various microglial cell populations were characterized in cell cultures established from the forebrains of E18 rat embryos. The mixed primary cortical cultures were maintained for up to 28days using routine culturing techniques when the microglial cells in the culture were not stimulated or immunologically challenged. During culturing, expansion of the microglial cell populations was observed, as evidenced by quantitative assessment of selected monocyte/macrophage/microglial cell-specific markers (human leukocyte antigen (HLA) DP, DQ, DR, CD11b/c and Iba1) via immunocyto- and histochemistry and Western blot analysis. The Iba1 immunoreactivity in Western blots steadily increased about 750-fold, and the number of Iba1-immunoreactive cells rose at least 67-fold between one day in vitro (DIV1) and DIV28. Morphometric analysis on binary (digital) silhouettes of the microglia revealed their evolving morphology during culturing. Microglial cells were mainly ameboid in the early stages of in vitro differentiation, while mixed populations of ameboid and ramified cell morphologies were characteristic of older cultures as the average transformation index (TI) increased from 1.96 (DIV1) to 15.17 (DIV28). Multiple immunofluorescence labeling of selected biomarkers revealed different microglial phenotypes during culturing. For example, while HLA DP, DQ, DR immunoreactivity was present exclusively in ameboid microglia (TI<3) between DIV1 and DIV10, CD11b/c- and Iba1-positive microglial cells were moderately (TI<13) and progressively (TI<81) more ramified, respectively, and always present throughout culturing. Regardless of the age of the cultures, proliferating microglia were Ki67-positive and characterized by low TI values (TI<3). The microglial function was assessed by an in vitro phagocytosis assay. Unstimulated microglia with low TI values were significantly more active in phagocytosing fluorescent microspheres than the ramified forms. In vitro studies on microglial population dynamics combined with phenotypic characterization can be of importance when different in vivo pathophysiological situations are modeled in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Szabo
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
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Miklosi M, Szabo M, Martos T, Galambosi E, Perczel Forintos D. Cognitive Emotion Regulation Strategies Moderate the Effect of Parenting Self-Efficacy Beliefs on Parents' Anxiety Following Their Child's Surgery. J Pediatr Psychol 2013; 38:462-71. [DOI: 10.1093/jpepsy/jss174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Polgar N, Csongei V, Szabo M, Zambo V, Melegh BI, Sumegi K, Nagy G, Tulassay Z, Melegh B. Investigation of JAK2, STAT3 and CCR6 polymorphisms and their gene-gene interactions in inflammatory bowel disease. Int J Immunogenet 2012; 39:247-52. [PMID: 22269120 DOI: 10.1111/j.1744-313x.2012.01084.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies identified many loci associated with the two forms of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). Components of the interleukin-23 signalling pathway, such as IL23R, JAK2 and STAT3, have been implicated in both diseases. In addition, emerging evidence supports the role of IL23-driven Th17 cells in inflammation. Here, we studied the susceptibility nature of three components of IL23 signalling and Th17 cell differentiation: JAK2 rs10758669, STAT3 rs744166 and CCR6 rs2301436 initially associated with CD in Hungarian CD and UC patients. A total of 616 unrelated subjects with either form of IBD and 496 healthy controls were genotyped with PCR-RFLP methods. We also tested the genetic interactions of JAK2, STAT3 and CCR6 polymorphisms in a pairwise fashion with regard to disease risk. We could confirm the susceptibility of STAT3 rs744166 TT homozygotes for UC (OR: 1.483, 95% CI: 1.103-1.992, P = 0.009). Data on genetic interaction reveals that the above JAK2 and STAT3 risk alleles contribute to CD susceptibility in combination with each other (OR: 2.218; 95% CI: 1.097-4.487; P = 0.024), while the JAK2 variant shows a tendency to confer UC risk only on a wild-type STAT3 background (OR: 1.997, 95%CI: 0.994-4.009, P = 0.049). Our results may help in understanding how these natural variants contribute to development of IBD through their genetic association.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Polgar
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary.
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Szabo M, Czompoly T, Kvell K, Talaber G, Bartis D, Nemeth P, Berki T, Boldizsar F. Fine-tuning of proximal TCR signaling by ZAP-70 tyrosine residues in Jurkat cells. Int Immunol 2011; 24:79-87. [PMID: 22207134 DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxr105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Zeta-chain-associated protein kinase of 70kDa (ZAP-70) kinase is a key regulator in the early steps of TCR signaling but some aspects of its fine regulation are still unclear. From its 31 tyrosine (Y) residues, 11 phosphorylation sites have been identified, some with activator (Y315 and Y493) or inhibitory (Y292 and Y492) and others with unknown function (Y069, Y126 and Y178). In our present work, we aimed to elucidate the role of different Y residues of ZAP-70, especially those with unknown function, in calcium signaling and the autoregulation of the kinase. ZAP-70-deficient Jurkat cells (P116) were stably reconstituted with point-mutated ZAP-70 constructs where tyrosine residues 069, 126, 178, 238, 292, 315, 492 or 493 were replaced with phenylalanine (F). The anti-CD3-elicited calcium signal increased in F069-, F292- and F492-ZAP-70-expressing cell lines but decreased in the F126-, F315- and F493-ZAP-70-expressing cell lines. ZAP-70 point mutations led to phosphorylation changes predominantly in SH2 domain containing leukocyte protein of 76kDa (SLP-76) but not linker of activated T cells (LAT) during CD3-activation; moreover, we detected basal hyperphosphorylation of SLP-76 Y128 in the F126-, F178- and F492-ZAP-70-expressing cell lines. In summary, Y069, Y178, Y292 and Y492 have inhibitory, while Y126, Y315 and Y493 activator role in anti-CD3-induced T-cell activation. Phosphorylation changes in LAT and SLP-76 suggest that fine regulation of ZAP-70 on calcium signaling is rather transmitted through SLP-76 not LAT. Additionally, negative or positive autoregulatory function of Y292 and Y493 or Y315, respectively, was revealed in ZAP-70. These data indicate that previously not characterized Y069, Y126 and Y178 in ZAP-70 participate in the fine regulation of TCR signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Szabo
- Department of Immunology and Biotechnology, University of Pecs, H-7643 Pecs, Hungary
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Wilhelm D, Szabo M, Glass F, Schuhmacher C, Friess H, Feussner H. Randomized controlled trial of ultrasonic dissection versus standard surgical technique in open left hemicolectomy or total gastrectomy. Br J Surg 2010; 98:220-7. [DOI: 10.1002/bjs.7354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Ultrasonic dissection devices have been designed for use in open surgery but it is not certain how they compare with standard surgical techniques.
Methods
This was a multicentre randomized controlled trial comparing ultrasonic dissection with the traditional surgical technique for haemostasis and dissection during left hemicolectomy and total gastrectomy. The primary endpoint was duration of operation; secondary endpoints were blood loss and other intraoperative parameters, and patient outcomes. Performance of the two techniques was rated by surgeons and assistants on a ten-point Likert scale.
Results
The analysis included 100 patients in the ultrasonic and 101 in the conventional dissection group. Patient demographics, and clinical and tumour-related parameters were similar in the two groups. There was no significant difference in duration of operation (mean 170 and 178 min in ultrasonic and conventional groups respectively; P = 0·405). Nor were there significant differences in intraoperative blood loss (median 350 and 400 ml respectively; P = 0·882), other intraoperative parameters, oncological or functional outcome. The ultrasonic dissector device was rated one point higher than conventional techniques by the surgeons.
Conclusion
Use of the ultrasonic dissector in open total gastrectomy and hemicolectomy had no impact on the overall operating time or other endpoints studied. Surgeons preferred the ultrasonic device for dissection. Registration number: ISRCTN97779420 (http://www.controlled-trials.com).
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Affiliation(s)
- D Wilhelm
- Department of Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - M Szabo
- Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - F Glass
- Department of Surgery, Städtisches Klinikum München Bogenhausen, Munich, Germany
| | - C Schuhmacher
- Department of Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - H Friess
- Department of Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - H Feussner
- Department of Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
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Abstract
Aim: Hypothermia is often induced to reduce brain injury in newborns, following perinatal hypoxic–ischaemic events, and in adults following traumatic brain injury, stroke or cardiac arrest. We aimed to devise a method, based on diffusion-weighted MRI, to measure non-invasively the temperature of the cerebrospinal fluid in the lateral ventricles. Methods: The well-known temperature dependence of the water diffusion constant was used for the estimation of temperature. We carried out diffusion MRI measurements on a 3T Philips Achieva Scanner involving phantoms (filled with water or artificial cerebrospinal fluid while slowly cooling from 41 to 32°C) and healthy adult volunteers. Results: The estimated temperature of water phantoms followed that measured using a mercury thermometer, but the estimates for artificial cerebrospinal fluid were 1.04°C lower. After correcting for this systematic difference, the estimated temperature within the lateral ventricles of volunteers was 39.9°C. Using diffusion directions less sensitive to cerebrospinal fluid flow, it was 37.7°C, which was in agreement with the literature. Conclusion: Although further improvements are needed, measuring the temperature within the lateral ventricles using diffusion MRI is a viable method that may be useful for clinical applications. We introduced the method, identified sources of error and offered remedies for each.
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Affiliation(s)
- L R Kozak
- MR Research Center, Szentagothai J. Knowledge Center, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.
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Pafcugová J, Horácková M, Hrasková M, Forejt J, Szabo M, Pádr R. Radio-opaque appearance of lanthanum carbonate in a patient with chronic renal failure. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2008; 23:1776-7; author reply 1777-8. [PMID: 18283090 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfn015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Sarvary E, Nagy P, Benjamin A, Szoke M, Remport A, Jansen J, Nemes B, Kobori L, Fehervari I, Sulyok B, Perner F, Varga M, Fazakas J, Lakatos M, Szabo M, Toth A, Járay J. Mutation scanning of the p53 tumor suppressor gene in renal and liver transplant patients in Hungary. Transplant Proc 2005; 37:969-72. [PMID: 15848594 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2004.12.304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The increased incidence of malignancies among transplanted patients is well known. Abnormal function of the p53 tumor suppressor gene has been reported in more than half of all tumors. The aim of our study was to detect point mutations of p53 gene in transplanted patients because the presence of mutations may be a predictive factor for tumor development. An earlier diagnosis can help to develop new strategies for immunosuppressive therapies. METHODS Three point mutations were chosen based on the literature: exon5-codon175, exon7-codon248, exon8-codon273. Genomic DNA from the plasma of 60 liver, 362 renal transplants, and 45 nontransplanted patients with different tumors and 20 suspected healthy patients were analyzed with a real-time PCR method using the Roche LightCycler. The mutations were evaluated by melting curve analysis. RESULTS We elaborated a special protocol for scanning the above mentioned p53 point mutations, which were proved by sequencing as well. Among 487 patients, 486 showed a wild-type genotype. The only patient carrying a mutation at codon 273 (heterozygous) was a liver transplant patient, who developed pancreas carcinoma and had already died. CONCLUSION Our data suggest that mutations of the targeted codons in leukocyte DNA seem to be rare, but a mutation could be lethal. The evaluated three point mutations of p53 gene were not predictive for tumor development.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Sarvary
- Semmelweis University, Transplantation and Surgical Clinic, Budapest, Hungary.
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18
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Abstract
The survival of grafted donor skin for the treatment of burn injuries depends on several factors including wound bed vascularisation and the intensity of acute inflammation shortly after injury. However, acceptance rates approximate 50% at best and therefore a clinical need exists for improvement. The aim of the study was to develop a method for assessing the inflammatory response of cells in skin tissue based on activation of the NF-kappa B (NF-kappaB) transcription factor complex, thereby providing a basis for analysing the inflammatory component and anti-inflammatory strategies for tissue-engineered treatments. We have extended a standard method of measuring NF-kappaB in monolayer cultures that relies on determining translocation of the p65 subunit from the cytoplasm to the nucleus. Normal human skin and tissue engineered skin was analysed using an immunofluorescence microscopy technique, that revealed base line NF-kappaB activation in the epidermis and dermis were different. It was possible to determine the activation of NF-kappaB in skin tissue, enabling correlation that NF-kappaB measurement is a sensitive indicator of cellular responses in 3-D tissue. The approach will provide a basis for early responses of skin cells in determining the efficacy of anti-inflammatory delivery via tissue-engineered scaffolds for burn injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Sun
- Sheffield University, Department of Engineering Materials, Sir Robert Hadfield Building, Sheffield S1 3JD, UK
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19
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Eves P, Haycock J, Layton C, Wagner M, Kemp H, Szabo M, Morandini R, Ghanem G, García-Borrón JC, Jiménez-Cervantes C, Mac Neil S. Anti-inflammatory and anti-invasive effects of alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone in human melanoma cells. Br J Cancer 2004; 89:2004-15. [PMID: 14612916 PMCID: PMC2394449 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6601349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
α-Melanocyte stimulating hormone (α-MSH) is known to have pleiotrophic functions including pigmentary, anti-inflammatory, antipyretic and immunoregulatory roles in the mammalian body. It is also reported to influence melanoma invasion with levels of α-, β- and γ-MSH correlated clinically with malignant melanoma development, but other studies suggest α-MSH acts to retard invasion. In the present study, we investigated the action of α-MSH on three human melanoma cell lines (HBL, A375-SM and C8161) differing in metastatic potential. α-melanocyte-simulating hormone reduced invasion through fibronectin and also through a human reconstructed skin composite model for the HBL line, and inhibited proinflammatory cytokine-stimulated activation of the NF-κB transcription factor. However, A375-SM and C8161 cells did not respond to α-MSH. Immunofluorescent microscopy and Western blotting identified melanocortin-1 receptor (MC-1R) expression for all three lines and MC-2R on HBL and A375-SM lines. Receptor binding identified a similar affinity for α-MSH for all three lines with the highest number of binding sites on HBL cells. Only the HBL melanoma line demonstrated a detectable cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) response to α-MSH, although all three lines responded to acute α-MSH addition (+(−)-N6-(2-phenylisopropyl)-adenosine (PIA)) with an elevation in intracellular calcium. The nonresponsive lines displayed MC-1R polymorphisms (C8161, Arg (wt) 151/Cys 151; A375-SM, homozygous Cys 151), whereas the HBL line was wild type. Stable transfection of the C8161 line with wild-type MC-1R produced cells whose invasion was significantly inhibited by α-MSH. From this data, we conclude that α-MSH can reduce melanoma cell invasion and protect cells against proinflammatory cytokine attack in cells with the wild-type receptor (HBL).
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Affiliation(s)
- P Eves
- University Section of Medicine, Division of Clinical Sciences, Northern General Hospital, Sheffield S5 7AU, UK
| | - J Haycock
- Department of Engineering Materials, University of Sheffield, Mappin Street, Sheffield S1 3JD, UK
| | - C Layton
- Department of Histopathology, Northern General Hospital Trust, Sheffield S5 7AU, UK
| | - M Wagner
- University Section of Medicine, Division of Clinical Sciences, Northern General Hospital, Sheffield S5 7AU, UK
| | - H Kemp
- University Section of Medicine, Division of Clinical Sciences, Northern General Hospital, Sheffield S5 7AU, UK
| | - M Szabo
- Department of Engineering Materials, University of Sheffield, Mappin Street, Sheffield S1 3JD, UK
| | - R Morandini
- Laboratory of Oncology and Experimental Surgery, Institut Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - G Ghanem
- Laboratory of Oncology and Experimental Surgery, Institut Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - J C García-Borrón
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, University of Murcia, Apto 4021, 30100 Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
| | - C Jiménez-Cervantes
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, University of Murcia, Apto 4021, 30100 Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
| | - S Mac Neil
- University Section of Medicine, Division of Clinical Sciences, Northern General Hospital, Sheffield S5 7AU, UK
- Department of Engineering Materials, University of Sheffield, Mappin Street, Sheffield S1 3JD, UK
- University Section of Medicine, Division of Clinical Sciences (North), Northern General Hospital, Sheffield S5 7AU, UK. E-mail:
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20
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Higham MC, Dawson R, Szabo M, Short R, Haddow DB, MacNeil S. Development of a Stable Chemically Defined Surface for the Culture of Human Keratinocytes under Serum-Free Conditions for Clinical Use. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003; 9:919-30. [PMID: 14633376 DOI: 10.1089/107632703322495565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Within the field of tissue engineering there is a need to develop new approaches to achieve effective wound closure in patients with extensive skin loss or chronic ulcers. This article exploits the well-known interdependency of epithelial keratinocytes and stromal fibroblasts in conjunction with plasma surface technology. The aim was to produce a chemically defined surface, which with the aid of a feeder layer of lethally irradiated dermal fibroblasts would improve the attachment and proliferation of the keratinocyte cell from which subconfluent cells can be transferred to wound bed models. Plasma copolymers of acrylic acid/octa-1,7-diene have been prepared and characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The fibroblasts and keratinocytes were cultured on plasma polymer-coated 24-well plates. Cell attachment and proliferation were assessed by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide-eluted stain assay (MTT-ESTA) and DNA assay. Attachment and proliferation of both cell types on plasma polymer surfaces were compared with tissue culture plastic and collagen I, plus a negative control of a pure hydrocarbon layer. A pure acrylic acid surface, fabricated at a power of 10 W and containing 9.2% carboxylate groups, was found to promote both fibroblast and keratinocyte attachment and proliferation and permit the serum-free coculture of keratinocytes and irradiated fibroblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Higham
- Department of Engineering Materials, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
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21
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Tsokos M, Türk EE, Madea B, Koops E, Longauer F, Szabo M, Huckenbeck W, Gabriel P, Barz J. Pathologic features of suicidal deaths caused by explosives. Am J Forensic Med Pathol 2003; 24:55-63. [PMID: 12605000 DOI: 10.1097/01.paf.0000052752.18930.44] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Suicidal explosions that lack a terrorist background are only rarely encountered in the field of forensic pathology. The investigation of explosion-related fatalities can be a substantial challenge in medicolegal casework. Determining whether the manner of death is suicide, homicide, or accident in such cases can present an especially difficult task to the forensic pathologist. This study considers the pathologic features of suicidal deaths caused by explosives without a terrorist background. The modus operandi of the decedents reflected familiarity and proficiency, or at least a degree of specialized knowledge, with the construction and use of explosive devices. All explosions were set off in confined spaces. The injury patterns consisted of a combination of primary blast injuries (e.g. decapitation, traumatic amputation of limbs, gross lacerations of the body surface, blast injuries of gas-containing and hollow organs), secondary blast injuries (e.g. splinter-induced penetrating trauma), tertiary blast injuries (e.g. abrasions and contusions), and burn injuries (mostly of the flash type). The previously described symmetric distribution pattern of injuries in suicidal explosions was apparent only to a certain degree in the present series. Our observation of superficially sharp-edged wound margins with bridging in the depths of the lesion in blast-induced lacerations of the skin should deserve further attention in forthcoming cases of explosion-related fatalities because this finding is a diagnostic possibility that may support the theory of an explosion-related fatality under special circumstances, e.g. when the body has been dumped away from the place of death. Because a terrorist attack may be initially suspected in each case of suicide involving explosives, the importance of a joint inquiry based on expertise from police investigators, bomb experts, and forensic pathologists is evident.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Tsokos
- Institute of Legal Medicine, University of Hamburg, Butenfeld 34, 22529 Hamburg, Germany.
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22
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Becherer A, Jaeger U, Szabo M, Kletter K. Prognostic value of FDG-PET in malignant lymphoma. Q J Nucl Med 2003; 47:14-21. [PMID: 12714950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2023]
Abstract
Lymphomas have represented an indication for nuclear medicine investigations for 30 years. Gallium-67 scintigraphy has been shown to be a valuable complementary method in Hodgkin's disease and non-Hodgkin lymphoma for detecting viable residual lesions after chemotherapy and for diagnosis of a relapse. Thallium-201 is of interest in differentiating cerebral lymphomas from infectious lesions in AIDS patients but less useful in extra-cerebral lymphomas. PET with fluorine-18-FDG is more accurate than 67Ga in lymphoma. In patients with a positive PET scan after chemotherapy an early relapse occurs in up to 100%, while more than 80% of patients with a negative PET will have a long-term remission. Most studies show that FDG-PET is significantly correlated with patient outcome whereas there is much weaker or even no correlation for CT. The main reason is that PET is not bound to morphological criteria like lymph node size while CT is often not able to differentiate between residual tumour and post-therapeutic fibrosis. Therefore, based on a considerable number of clinical studies, FDG-PET gains increasing significance for staging, restaging and therapy monitoring in malignant lymphomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Becherer
- Departments of Nuclear Medicine, University of Vienna, Medical School, Vienna, Austria.
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23
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Iannaccone S, Grochová Z, Bobrov N, Longauer F, Szabo M. [Death in an unusual body position]. Soud Lek 2001; 46:58-61. [PMID: 11813495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
Death in head-down position is rare and uncommon. The mechanism of death in such cases is rather complicated. The authors present a case of unknown man who was found dead in a wood, hanging in head-down position fixed at the branchfork of a tree by his right foot. The authors analyse the possible mechanisms of death in so-called postural asphyxia.
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24
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Abstract
Intracellular progesterone receptors (PRs) are ligand-inducible transcription factors that mediate the majority of the effects of progesterone (P) on neuroendocrine functions. During the past decade, evidence has accumulated which suggest that PRs can also be activated independently of P, by signals propagated through membrane-bound receptors to the interior of cells. The activation of PRs by this type of "cross-talk" mechanism has been implicated in the physiological regulation of several important neuroendocrine processes, including estrous behavior and periovulatory hormone secretions. We review evidence that both ligand-dependent and ligand-independent activation of PRs occurs in central neurons and in anterior pituitary cells and that the convergence and summation of these signals at the PR serves to integrate neural and endocrine signals which direct several critically important neuroendocrine processes. An integrative function for PRs is reviewed in several physiological contexts, including the display of lordosis behavior in female rodents, the neurosecretion of gonadotropin-releasing hormone surges, secretion of preovulatory gonadotropin surges, and release of periovulatory follicle stimulating hormone surges. The weight of evidence indicates that cross talk at the intracellular PR is an essential component of the integrative mechanisms that direct each of these neuroendocrine events. The recurrence of PR's integrative actions in several different physiological contexts suggests that other intracellular steroid receptors similarly function as integrators of neural and endocrine signals in other neuroendocrine processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- J E Levine
- Department of Neurobiology and Physiology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA.
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25
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Vesque C, Ellis S, Lee A, Szabo M, Thomas P, Beddington R, Placzek M. Development of chick axial mesoderm: specification of prechordal mesoderm by anterior endoderm-derived TGFbeta family signalling. Development 2000; 127:2795-809. [PMID: 10851126 DOI: 10.1242/dev.127.13.2795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Two populations of axial mesoderm cells can be recognised in the chick embryo, posterior notochord and anterior prechordal mesoderm. We have examined the cellular and molecular events that govern the specification of prechordal mesoderm. We report that notochord and prechordal mesoderm cells are intermingled and share expression of many markers as they initially extend out of Hensen's node. In vitro culture studies, together with in vivo grafting experiments, reveal that early extending axial mesoderm cells are labile and that their character may be defined subsequently through signals that derive from anterior endodermal tissues. Anterior endoderm elicits aspects of prechordal mesoderm identity in extending axial mesoderm by repressing notochord characteristics, briefly maintaining gsc expression and inducing BMP7 expression. Together these experiments suggest that, in vivo, signalling by anterior endoderm may determine the extent of prechordal mesoderm. The transforming growth factor (beta) (TGFbeta) superfamily members BMP2, BMP4, BMP7 and activin, all of which are transiently expressed in anterior endoderm mimic distinct aspects of its patterning actions. Together our results suggest that anterior endoderm-derived TGFbetas may specify prechordal mesoderm character in chick axial mesoderm.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Vesque
- Developmental Genetics Programme, Krebs Institute, Firth Court, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK.
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26
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Abstract
Previous in vitro and in vivo studies from our laboratory showed that progesterone (P(4)), corticosterone (B), and testosterone (T) increase intracellular content and release of FSH in the anterior pituitary. Activin (Act) and inhibin (Inh) are structurally related proteins with antagonistic actions, as Act stimulates and Inh inhibits FSH secretion from the anterior pituitary. Together with follistatin (FS), a protein that bioneutralizes Act, they form an autocrine-paracrine loop in the anterior pituitary that tightly regulates FSH secretion. The objective of the present study was to test the hypothesis that P(4), B, and T modulate this autocrine-paracrine loop to favor increased FSH secretion. If Act were to mediate steroid-induced FSH release, FS would be expected to block these effects. To test this interaction, cell cultures were prepared from anterior pituitaries of male and female rats, and treated with Act, B, P(4), or T in the absence or presence of FS. Act, B, P(4), and T increased FSH release; FS suppressed both basal and Act- and steroid-stimulated FSH release to approximately 50% below basal levels. Cell cultures from anterior pituitary of female rats were used to compare the interaction of incremental concentrations of FS on dose-related Act- and P(4)-stimulated FSH release. With increasing concentrations of Act, the FS-induced suppression of FSH release was attenuated and eventually abolished; in contrast, maximally stimulatory concentrations of P(4) did not fully overcome the FS-induced suppression of FSH release. The effects of P(4), B, and Act in the presence and absence of estradiol on steady-state mRNA levels of FSHbeta, Actbeta(B), and FS were determined in primary pituitary cell cultures from metestrous female rats by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Whereas Act, P(4), B increased FSHbeta mRNA levels, only Act raised the level of FS mRNA, and neither steroid increased Actbeta(B) mRNA. The results support the hypothesis that endogenous Act is a common mediator of the action of P(4), B, and T in the rat primary anterior pituitary cell culture. We conclude that the stimulation of FSH release and intracellular content in the gonadotroph by P(4), B, and T is mediated, in part, by Act and involves modulation of a tightly regulated Act/FS autocrine-paracrine loop.
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Affiliation(s)
- B L Bohnsack
- Department of Neurobiology and Physiology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
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27
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Szabo M, Kilen SM, Nho SJ, Schwartz NB. Progesterone receptor A and B messenger ribonucleic acid levels in the anterior pituitary of rats are regulated by estrogen. Biol Reprod 2000; 62:95-102. [PMID: 10611072 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod62.1.95] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
In target tissues of most mammalian and avian species, progesterone receptors (PR) are expressed as structurally related, but functionally distinct, isoforms A and B, and they are regulated by estrogen (E) as well as by their cognate ligand, progesterone (P(4)). The objectives of the present work were to identify mRNA expression for the A and B isoforms of PR in the anterior pituitary of the rat, to examine its regulation by gonadal steroids, and to compare this regulation with that in the primary target organ, the uterus. Messenger RNAs for the PR isoforms, determined by two separate reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction protocols, one that detects PR A and PR B equally and the other specific for PR B, were identified in anterior pituitary of female and male rats. In anterior pituitary of cycling female rats, steady-state mRNA levels for both PR A+B and PR B were highest at 0900 h on proestrus, declined rapidly to nadir values at 0900 h on metestrus (PR A+B) or 0900 h on estrus (PR B), and remained below proestrous values through 2100 h on diestrus. Administration of E to intact proestrous female rats caused significant increases in mRNA for both PR A+B and PR B on estrus and metestrus. Blockade of P(4) action by administration of the antiprogestins RU-486 and ZK-98299 on proestrus had no effect on PR mRNA levels on the morning of estrus. Ovariectomy two and ten days after surgery markedly reduced mRNA levels for both PR A+B and PR B. Whereas treatment of 10-day-ovariectomized rats with E led to marked induction of mRNA for PR A+B and PR B two days later, treatment with P(4) one day after treatment had no effect on basal or E-stimulated PR mRNA. Regulation of PR mRNA expression in the pituitary differed from that in the uterus, in which P(4) treatment of ovariectomized rats antagonized the E-induced rise in mRNA for PR B, and antiprogestins increased mRNA for both isoforms. In addition to induction of PR mRNA in the pituitary of female rats by E in vivo, we also demonstrated induction by E in primary culture of anterior pituitary cells in vitro. We conclude that in the anterior pituitary of female rats, both the A and B isoforms of PR are expressed and regulated by E.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Szabo
- Department of Neurobiology and Physiology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA.
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28
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Abstract
The weaver (wv) mutant mouse manifests severe locomotor defects, a deficiency in granule cells of the cerebellum, and cellular deficits in the midbrain dopaminergic system. The wv phenotype is associated with a missense mutation in the pore region of the G-protein-gated inwardly rectifying potassium channel, GIRK2. The homozygous male wv mouse is essentially infertile due to an inadequate level of sperm production. Females are fertile although they also manifest the neurological phenotype. Homozygotes of both sexes have reduced body weight. We have evaluated the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis in heterozygote and homozygote male and female wv mutants in comparison with wild-type controls. Testicular weight was significantly reduced in the homozygous males, due to degenerative changes of seminiferous epithelium. Serum and pituitary content of luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and prolactin were normal in all groups, and the normal sex differences were noted (FSH and LH higher in males, prolactin higher in females). Pituitary growth hormone (GH) concentration was normal, with control and mutant males showing higher GH than females. Serum testosterone levels were normal in the mutants, as was testicular testosterone. Testicular alpha-inhibin content was mildly reduced, but high in proportion to testicular weight. The defect in spermatogenesis appeared predominantly in the postmeiotic stages. In situ hybridization was consistent with expression of some GIRK2 mRNA isoforms in seminiferous epithelium. There were no significant differences between genotypes in the levels of dopamine, dihydroxyphenylacetic acid, serotonin and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid in the mediobasal and preoptic hypothalamic regions. Homovanillic acid levels in these two areas were, however, reduced in wv homozygotes compared to wild-type animals. In the light of normal pituitary hormone levels, normal hypothalamic monoamine concentrations and normal sex differences in gonadotropins, we conclude that the infertility in the male homozygote wv mouse lies within the tubule and is probably a primary defect in the germ cells. The hormonal data suggest that Leydig cell function, and at least some aspects of Sertoli cell function, are normal in the mutant mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- N B Schwartz
- Department of Neurobiology and Physiology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Ill., 60208-3520, USA
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29
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Anglister L, Eichler J, Szabo M, Haesaert B, Salpeter MM. 125I-labeled fasciculin 2: a new tool for quantitation of acetylcholinesterase densities at synaptic sites by EM-autoradiography. J Neurosci Methods 1998; 81:63-71. [PMID: 9696311 DOI: 10.1016/s0165-0270(98)00015-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Radio-iodinated fasciculin 2 (Fas2), a polypeptide anticholinesterase toxin from Mamba venom, was used as a new probe for localizing and quantifying acetylcholinesterase (AChE) at mouse neuromuscular junctions (NMJs) by quantitative electron microscope autoradiography. We demonstrate that 125I-Fas2 binds very specifically to the NMJs of mouse sternomastoid muscles, with very little binding to other regions in the muscles. Junctional AChE-site densities obtained from the autoradiograms were similar to those previously obtained for the same muscles using 3H-DFP. The use of 125I-Fas2 with EM-autoradiography is simpler and provides higher resolution and sensitivity, as well as considerably lower non-specific binding than previously attainable with 3H-DFP. The advantages and limitations of this procedure are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Anglister
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Hebrew University--Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel.
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30
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Szabo M, Kilen SM, Saberi S, Ringstrom SJ, Schwartz NB. Antiprogestins suppress basal and activin-stimulated follicle-stimulating hormone secretion in an estrogen-dependent manner. Endocrinology 1998; 139:2223-8. [PMID: 9564826 DOI: 10.1210/endo.139.5.6015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies from our laboratory, demonstrating that suppression of serum FSH by RU486 requires a high estrogen (E) background, suggested that E-inducible progesterone receptors play a role in the regulation of FSH secretion. We demonstrated further that the type II antiprogestin RU486 and the type I antiprogestin ZK98299 both suppressed the elevated serum FSH and FSHbeta messenger RNA levels similarly on the evening of proestrus, but had divergent effects on the morning of estrus, when only RU486, but not ZK98299, lowered the elevated serum FSH level (secondary FSH surge). In the present work we used primary anterior pituitary cell culture to examine whether RU486 caused direct, E-dependent suppression of basal and recombinant human activin A (activin)-induced FSH secretion in the gonadotrope and to compare this direct effect, if any, with that of ZK98299. Primary cell cultures were prepared from anterior pituitaries collected from cycling female rats either on metestrous or proestrous morning and cultured in DMEM, supplemented with charcoal-stripped serum without or with 10 nM estradiol (E2) for 96 h; exposure to test agents occurred during the last 48 h of culture. FSH released into the medium and intracellular FSH content were determined by RIA. In cells from the anterior pituitary of metestrous rats cultured in E2-free medium, neither antiprogestin (10 nM) affected FSH release; in contrast, when cells were cultured in medium to which E2 had been added, both antiprogestins caused profound suppression of both basal and activin (10 ng/ml)-stimulated FSH release. In cell cultures from proestrous rats, both antiprogestins caused a slight, but significant, suppression of basal FSH release even in the absence of added E2; activin-stimulated FSH release, however, was not affected. Upon exposure of the cells from proestrous rats to E2, the antiprogestins potently suppressed both basal and activin-stimulated FSH secretion. Because the foregoing incubations were performed in culture medium devoid of progesterone (P4), the actions of the antiprogestins on FSH secretion were independent of the natural ligand. Addition of P4 (10 nM) to the cell cultures stimulated basal and activin-induced FSH release more in the presence than in the absence of E2. The FSH response to P4 was completely blocked by both antiprogestins in both the absence and presence of E2. Finally, both RU486 and ZK98299 blocked the stimulatory effect of corticosterone (1 microM) on FSH secretion. The observed effects of P4 and antiprogestins were specific for FSH secretion; LH secretion was not similarly suppressed by either antiprogestin, but was, in fact, stimulated by ZK98299 in E2-treated cells. We conclude that 1) E2-inducible progesterone receptors interact with activin-mediated signal transduction to regulate FSH secretion, and 2) unlike on the morning of estrus in vivo, RU486 and ZK98299 affect FSH secretion similarly in the gonadotrope in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Szabo
- Department of Neurobiology and Physiology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3520, USA.
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31
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Bornscheuer A, Mahr KH, Oldhafer KJ, Höltje M, Szabo M, Kirchhoff SK, Seitz W, Kirchner E. [Anesthesiologic characteristics of isolated hyperthermic liver perfusion with mitomycin C]. Anaesthesiol Reanim 1998; 22:116-20. [PMID: 9445532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The isolated hyperthermic liver perfusion with mitomycin C presents a new technique of regional therapy for irresectable liver tumours. The advantage is a high local concentration of the antitumour agent with reduced systemic side-effects. Isolated hyperthermic liver perfusion is an extensive surgical procedure requiring a veno-venous bypass and a heart-lung machine. Disturbances affecting the base-acid hemostasis, the coagulation system and the cardiocirculatory function can occur. To date, there has been little experience with this technique. The intraoperative changes during the isolated hyperthermic liver perfusion in our series were similar to those seen during orthotopic liver transplantation. In contrast to orthotopic liver transplantation, heparin is given during the anhepatic phase. The reperfusion after isolated hyperthermic liver perfusion was not complicated by severe cardiocirculatory changes. A decrease in body temperature was not observed probably due to the absence of cold, potassium-rich perfusate flowing into the systemic circulation. Two patients developed signs of a reperfusion syndrome within the first hour after reperfusion (decrease in peripheral systemic resistance).
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Anglister L, Eichler J, Szabo M, Salpeter M. The use of fasciculin 2 for quantitative studies of cetylcholinesterase densities at synaptic sites. Neurosci Lett 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0304-3940(97)90012-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Ringstrom SJ, Szabo M, Kilen SM, Saberi S, Knox KL, Schwartz NB. The antiprogestins RU486 and ZK98299 affect follicle-stimulating hormone secretion differentially on estrus, but not on proestrus. Endocrinology 1997; 138:2286-90. [PMID: 9165013 DOI: 10.1210/endo.138.6.5161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Previous in vivo studies from our laboratory indicated that administration of the antiprogestin RU486 on proestrus suppresses both the preovulatory gonadotropin surges and the secondary FSH surge, suggesting a role for the progesterone receptor (PR) in the generation of these surges. The present study was designed to test the effects of another antiprogestin, ZK98299, which has been reported to block the PR through a mechanism different from that of RU486, on gonadotropin secretion in vivo. RU486 and ZK98299 (2 and 6 mg/kg) were administered s.c. at 1230 h on proestrus; uterine intraluminal fluid content, serum gonadotropins, and gonadotropin subunit messenger RNAs (mRNAs) were determined at 1830 h on proestrus and at 0900 h on estrus. At 1830 h on proestrus, both RU486 and ZK98299 at both doses caused equal suppression of the preovulatory FSH surge and FSHbeta mRNA. Both antiprogestins also equally attenuated the preovulatory LH surge at this time, with the higher doses causing greater suppression. In contrast, at 0900 h on estrus, the antiprogestins affected serum FSH differentially; only RU486 suppressed the secondary FSH surge despite the fact that both drugs prevented the release of uterine intraluminal fluid, confirming blockade of progesterone action at the level of the uterus. Neither drug had a significant effect on FSHbeta mRNA at 0900 h on estrus. ZK98299 at the higher dose caused a small, but significant, increase in serum LH. In a subsequent experiment, we compared the effects of RU486 and ZK98299 (6 mg/kg, s.c.), administered at 1230 h on proestrus, on serum FSH raised above the natural secondary FSH surge on the morning of estrus by passive immunization with an antiserum to inhibin-alpha (anti-I) at 1700 h on proestrus. Consistent with the results of the first experiment, both antiprogestins blocked the release of uterine intraluminal fluid, but only RU486 lowered serum FSH in both the normal sheep serum-treated controls and anti-I-treated rats; in contrast, ZK98299 actually increased serum FSH in the normal sheep serum-treated control animals. ZK98299 also increased FSHbeta mRNA in the control group; RU486, on the other hand, reduced FSHbeta mRNA only in the anti-I group. The results demonstrate unequivocally that whereas the effects of the two antiprogestins on serum FSH and FSHbeta mRNA are similar on proestrus, they are divergent on estrus. The data suggest that the functional state of the PR/transcriptional activation complex in the gonadotrope on the morning of estrus is different from that on the evening of proestrus.
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Affiliation(s)
- S J Ringstrom
- Department of Neurobiology and Physiology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
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Kilen SM, Szabo M, Strasser GA, McAndrews JM, Ringstrom SJ, Schwartz NB. Corticosterone selectively increases follicle-stimulating hormone beta-subunit messenger ribonucleic acid in primary anterior pituitary cell culture without affecting its half-life. Endocrinology 1996; 137:3802-7. [PMID: 8756550 DOI: 10.1210/endo.137.9.8756550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrated previously that glucocorticoids differentially affect the levels of the two pituitary gonadotropins, LH and FSH, both in vivo and in vitro. In vivo, the effect of glucocorticoids is GnRH independent, indicating a direct action on the gonadotrope, and it leads to selective up-regulation of the pituitary content of FSH and FSH beta-subunit messenger RNA (mRNA). The objective of the present study was to confirm the direct action of corticosterone (B) on FSH beta-subunit mRNA in primary anterior pituitary cell culture and to assess whether the selective B-induced rise in FSH beta mRNA is mediated through altered stability of the FSH beta transcript. Anterior pituitary glands collected from randomly cycling female rats were dissociated with trypsin. Cells were incubated at 37 C for 48 h and subsequently exposed to vehicle or B (1.7 microM) for an additional 42 h. At the end of the incubation, media were sampled for FSH and LH, cells were lysed, and total RNA was isolated for Northern blot analysis. Exposure to B for 42 h caused direct and selective upregulation of FSH release, FSH content, and FSH beta mRNA; decreased alpha-subunit mRNA; and had no significant effect on LH release, LH content, or LH beta mRNA. To evaluate the mRNA stability of the three subunits, cells were exposed to the transcription blocker actinomycin D (act D; 5 micrograms/ml) for an additional 6 h. The combined 6-h treatment with B and act D slightly, but significantly, suppressed alpha-subunit mRNA and did not change LH beta mRNA, confirming a long half-life of the two gonadotropin subunit mRNAs. In contrast, FSH beta mRNA was significantly suppressed by act D to the same level in vehicle- and B-treated cells. The posttranscriptional decay rate was examined by sampling at 0, 1, 2, 3, and 6 h during the 6-h act D treatment period. Decay curves for FSH beta mRNA were parallel in vehicle- and B-treated cells, indicating that B did not alter FSH beta mRNA stability. We conclude that the selective B-induced rise in FSH beta mRNA is mediated at the level of transcription rather than mRNA stabilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Kilen
- Department of Neurobiology and Physiology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
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Knox KL, Ringstrom SJ, Szabo M, Perlyn CA, Sutandi S, Schwartz NB. RU486 on an estrogen background blocks the rise in serum follicle-stimulating hormone induced by antiserum to inhibin or ovariectomy. Endocrinology 1996; 137:1226-32. [PMID: 8625893 DOI: 10.1210/endo.137.4.8625893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
We used passive immunization with an antiserum to the alpha-subunit of inhibin (anti-I) or acute ovariectomy to investigate the relationship between serum inhibin levels and FSH secretion in the presence of the progesterone/glucocorticoid antagonist RU486. We demonstrated previously that 1) anti-I administered at 1700 h causes serum FSH to rise on the morning of estrus, even in the presence of a GnRH antagonist, when the two treatments are delivered on proestrus; and that 2) RU486 given on proestrus (1230 h), a time when serum estradiol levels are high, not only blocks the natural secondary FSH surge, but also suppresses the anti-I-induced rise in serum FSH on the morning of estrus. We have now extended our studies of the relationship between inhibin and RU486 to investigate treatment with RU486 and anti-I on a different day of the cycle, estrus, when serum estradiol levels are low. When both RU486 and anti-I were given on estrus (1230 and 1700 h, respectively), RU486 failed to block the anti-I-induced rise in serum FSH on the next morning of metestrus, in contrast to the blockade seen with RU486 treatment on the day of proestrus. However, pretreatment with estradiol benzoate (50 microgram) on the evening of proestrus, before the RU486 and anti-I treatment on estrus, caused RU486 to suppress the effects of anti-I on serum FSH, as it does when given on proestrus. We then repeated the study, using ovariectomy on proestrus or estrus (1700 h) to raise serum FSH, and assessed the effects of RU486 treatment at proestrus and estrus and estradiol benzoate treatment on proestrus. Our results indicate that treatment with RU486 can block the postovariectomy rise in serum FSH only in the presence of high circulating estradiol levels. We conclude that the inhibitory action of RU486 on FSH secretion after a fall in serum inhibin depends on a precedent estradiol background, probably due to induction of progesterone receptors by estradiol.
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Affiliation(s)
- K L Knox
- Department of Neurobiology and Physiology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
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Collins BJ, Szabo M, Cuttler L. Differential desensitization response of the neonatal and adult rat somatotroph to growth hormone-releasing hormone and phorbol ester. Mol Cell Endocrinol 1996; 117:75-81. [PMID: 8734475 DOI: 10.1016/0303-7207(95)03731-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Elevated levels of circulating growth hormone (GH) in the perinatal animal may be caused in part by relative resistance to the desensitizing effects of GH secretagogues. We compared the effects of 4-day exposure of primary pituitary cell cultures from adult male and 2-day-old rats to GH-releasing hormone (GHRH; 10 nM) or 12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate (TPA; 1 microM) on subsequent acute GH response to these secretagogues. Prolonged exposure to GHRH reduced subsequent GHRH-induced GH release from pituitary cells of both age groups, but the reduction in GH response was significantly less in neonates than adults. In addition, GH secretion from neonatal pituitaries rose progressively during each day of GHRH exposure, to reach levels almost 7 times basal; by contrast, GH secretion from adult pituitaries increased only transiently and then declined. Prolonged exposure to TPA reduced the subsequent GH response to TPA equally in neonates and adults, but differentially affected the GH response to GHRH; TPA exposure reduced the GH response to GHRH in neonates, but not in adults. These data suggest a fundamental difference between the GH regulatory processes of neonatal and adult pituitaries. The ability of the somatotroph to exhibit attenuated GH response on exposure to secretagogue is developmentally regulated, and relative resistance of the immature somatotroph to homologous desensitization by GHRH may contribute to elevated serum GH levels during the perinatal period.
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Affiliation(s)
- B J Collins
- Department of Medicine, Michael Reese Hospital and Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60616, USA
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Abstract
Recent evidence utilizing RU486 has implicated progesterone (P) and glucocorticoids, in addition to a drop in serum inhibin, in the development of the secondary FSH surge on the morning of estrus. To assess the role of these steroids, we treated proestrous female rats with the antiprogestin/antiglucocorticoid RU486 (6 mg/kg sc) at 1230 h, and with dexamethasone (dex; 8.4 or 16.2 mg/kg sc), or with the steroid biosynthesis inhibitor aminoglutethimide (AG; 150 mg/kg ip) at 1030 h, alone or in combination with RU486. The effects of these treatments on uterine ballooning and intraluminal fluid content (an index of P action), ovulation, and serum levels of P, corticosterone (B), FSH, LH, and inhibin-alpha at 1830 h proestrus and 0900 h estrus were examined. In accord with previous work from our laboratory, RU 486 caused uterine intraluminal fluid retention on the morning of estrus and significantly suppressed the preovulatory surges of both FSH and LH, and the secondary surge of FSH without affecting the fall in inhibin-alpha. Treatment with dex alone raised serum FSH at both 1830 h proestrus and 0900 h estrus, coincident with suppression of serum inhibin-alpha. When administered in combination with RU486, dex partially reversed the increased uterine intraluminal fluid retention at 0900 h estrus, but did not modify the inhibitory effect of RU486 on the primary gonadotropin surges or the secondary surge of FSH. AG alone significantly suppressed serum P, B, and gonadotropins (LH to a greater extent than FSH) at 1830 h proestrus and blocked ovulation and uterine intraluminal fluid release at 0900 h estrus; it did not, however, suppress the secondary FSH surge or prevent the fall in serum inhibin-alpha. When administered 2 h before RU486, AG did not prevent the RU486-induced inhibition of the primary gonadotropin surges or the secondary FSH surge. We conclude from these results that development of the secondary FSH surge does not require P or glucocorticoid action and that RU486 suppression of the secondary FSH surge does not involve blockade of binding of these steroids to their receptors. Our data are compatible with ligand-independent activation of the P receptor, susceptible to blockade by RU486, as the mechanism underlying the enhanced secretion of FSH from the gonadotrope on the morning of estrus.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Szabo
- Department of Neurobiology and Physiology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- M Szabo
- The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Department of Immunology, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Szabo M, Butz MR, Banerjee SA, Chikaraishi DM, Frohman LA. Autofeedback suppression of growth hormone (GH) secretion in transgenic mice expressing a human GH reporter targeted by tyrosine hydroxylase 5'-flanking sequences to the hypothalamus. Endocrinology 1995; 136:4044-8. [PMID: 7649113 DOI: 10.1210/endo.136.9.7649113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Transgenic mice expressing a tyrosine hydroxylase-human (h) GH fusion gene in the hypothalamus exhibit a dwarf phenotype. The GH feedback mechanism(s) underlying the growth retardation in these animals was investigated by assessing peptide and messenger RNA (mRNA) levels of the hormones of the hypothalamic-GH-IGF-I axis. Pituitary GH content, hypothalamic GH-releasing hormone (GHRH) and somatostatin (SRIH) content, and serum IGF-I levels were measured by RIA. mRNA levels of hypothalamic GHRH and SRIH and of pituitary GH and the GHRH receptor were measured by Northern blot hybridization. Transgenic mice of both sexes and their wild-type littermates were studied at 2-4 months of age. The pituitary GH content was markedly reduced by 85% in male and by 87% in female transgenic mice compared to that in wild-type controls (P < 0.01 for both). The pituitary GH mRNA content was also decreased by 73% (P = 0.002) in transgenic male mice. Circulating IGF-I levels were significantly reduced by 66% and 68% in male and female transgenic mice, respectively (P = 0.001). The hypothalamic GHRH content was significantly reduced by 19% and 33% (P < 0.05) in male and female transgenic mice, respectively. No significant difference was detected, however, in the hypothalamic SRIH content between wild-type and transgenic mice. Hypothalamic GHRH mRNA levels were significantly decreased by 35% (P = 0.002) in transgenic male mice compared to those in wild-type littermates. In contrast, SRIH mRNA was not significantly changed. An even greater reduction (61%; P = 0.003) was observed in pituitary GHRH receptor mRNA in transgenic mice. These data indicate that the GH deficiency and dwarf phenotype of the tyrosine hydroxylase-hGH transgenic mouse can be attributed primarily to impaired hypothalamic GHRH production. The mechanism of GH feedback inhibition appears to involve direct suppression of GHRH gene expression by locally produced hGH in the hypothalamus.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Base Sequence
- Blotting, Northern
- Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone/analysis
- Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone/genetics
- DNA/analysis
- DNA/chemistry
- DNA/genetics
- DNA Primers/analysis
- DNA Primers/chemistry
- DNA Primers/genetics
- Feedback/physiology
- Female
- Genes, Reporter/genetics
- Growth Hormone/analysis
- Growth Hormone/genetics
- Growth Hormone/metabolism
- Hypothalamus/chemistry
- Hypothalamus/physiology
- Insulin-Like Growth Factor I/analysis
- Insulin-Like Growth Factor I/physiology
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Transgenic
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Pituitary Gland/chemistry
- Pituitary Gland/physiology
- RNA, Messenger/analysis
- RNA, Messenger/chemistry
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- Receptors, Neuropeptide/analysis
- Receptors, Neuropeptide/genetics
- Receptors, Pituitary Hormone-Regulating Hormone/analysis
- Receptors, Pituitary Hormone-Regulating Hormone/genetics
- Sex Characteristics
- Somatostatin/analysis
- Somatostatin/genetics
- Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase/analysis
- Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- M Szabo
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago 60612, USA
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Abstract
GH secretory patterns undergo marked change during early mammalian development. The factors that underlie these changes and the major components of signal transduction in the immature somatotrophs are not fully understood. Increasing evidence suggests that protein kinase C (PKC) plays a central role in perinatal organ differentiation and function. To evaluate the possible role of PKC as a mediator of GH secretion from immature pituitaries, we tested the effects of the PKC activating phorbol ester 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA), alone or together with GH-releasing factor (GRF), somatostatin (SRIF), and Ca2+ modifying agents; an inactive phorbol analogue (4 alpha-12-13-didecanoate; 4 alpha-PDD), and phospholipase C on GH release from pituitary cell cultures from perinatal and mature rats. Pituitary primary cell cultures were prepared from fetal (day 20 of 21.5 days of gestation), 2-day-old, 12-day-old, and adult male (2- to 4-month-old) rats. Each experiment was performed on at least three separate occasions. The magnitude of TPA (0.15-150 nM)-induced GH release was markedly age-dependent, fractional GH release being greatest from pituitaries of fetal and newborn rats, and least from those of adults (P < 0.001). Further, the minimum dose of TPA required to stimulate GH release over basal levels was tenfold higher for adult pituitaries (15 nM) than for perinatal pituitaries (1.5 nM). Phospholipase C (1 and 10 U/ml) also caused greater fractional GH release from neonatal pituitaries than from adult pituitaries (P < 0.01).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Affiliation(s)
- L Cuttler
- Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
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Szabo M, Bronner D, Whitfield C. Relationships between rfb gene clusters required for biosynthesis of identical D-galactose-containing O antigens in Klebsiella pneumoniae serotype O1 and Serratia marcescens serotype O16. J Bacteriol 1995; 177:1544-53. [PMID: 7533758 PMCID: PMC176771 DOI: 10.1128/jb.177.6.1544-1553.1995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The lipopolysaccharide O antigens of Klebsiella pneumoniae serotype O1 and Serratia marcescens serotype O16 both contain a repeating unit disaccharide of [-->3)-beta-D-Galf-(1-->3)-alpha-D-Galp-(1-->]; the resulting polymer is known as D-galactan I. In K. pneumoniae serotype O1, the genes responsible for the synthesis of D-galactan I are found in the rfb gene cluster (rfbKpO1). We report here the cloning and analysis of the rfb cluster from S. marcescens serotype O16 (rfbSmO16). This is the first rfb gene cluster examined for the genus Serratia. Synthesis of D-galactan I is an rfe-dependent process for both K. pneumoniae serotype O1 and S. marcescens serotype O16. Hybridization experiments with probes derived from each of the six rfbKpO1 genes indicate that the cloned rfbSmO16 cluster contains homologous genes arranged in the same order. However, the degree of homology at the nucleotide sequence level was sufficiently low that hybridization was detected only under low-stringency conditions. rfbABSmO16 genes were subcloned and shown to encode an ABC-2 (ATP-binding cassette) transporter which is functionally identical to the one encoded by the corresponding rfb genes from K. pneumoniae serotype O1. The amino acid sequences of the predicted RfbA and RfbB homologs showed identities of 75.7% (87.9% total similarity) and 78.0% (86.5% total similarity), respectively. The last gene of the rfbKpO1 cluster, rfbFKpO1, encodes a bifunctional galactosyltransferase which initiates the formation of D-galactan I. RfbFKpO1 and RfbFSmO16 are 57.6% identical (with 71.1% total similarity), and both show similarity with RfpB, the galactosyltransferase involved in the synthesis of Shigella dysenteriae type I O-polysaccharide. The G+C contents of the rfbAB genes from each organism are quite similar, and values are lower than those typical for the species. However, the G+C content of rfbFSmO16 (47.6%) was much higher than that of rfbFKpO1 (37.3%), despite the fact that the average for each species (52 to 60%) falls within the same range.
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MESH Headings
- ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters/metabolism
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Antigens, Bacterial/biosynthesis
- Antigens, Bacterial/chemistry
- Antigens, Bacterial/genetics
- Antigens, Bacterial/immunology
- Base Composition
- Base Sequence
- Biological Transport
- Carbohydrate Sequence
- Cloning, Molecular
- Enterobacteriaceae/classification
- Enterobacteriaceae/genetics
- Enterobacteriaceae/immunology
- Galactans/biosynthesis
- Galactans/chemistry
- Galactans/genetics
- Galactans/immunology
- Galactose/analysis
- Galactose/genetics
- Galactose/immunology
- Genes, Bacterial/genetics
- Klebsiella pneumoniae/classification
- Klebsiella pneumoniae/genetics
- Klebsiella pneumoniae/immunology
- Lipopolysaccharides/chemistry
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Multigene Family/genetics
- Nucleic Acid Hybridization
- O Antigens
- Polysaccharides, Bacterial/biosynthesis
- Polysaccharides, Bacterial/chemistry
- Polysaccharides, Bacterial/genetics
- Polysaccharides, Bacterial/immunology
- Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
- Serotyping
- Serratia marcescens/classification
- Serratia marcescens/genetics
- Serratia marcescens/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- M Szabo
- Canadian Bacterial Diseases Network, Department of Microbiology, University of Guelph, Ontario, Canada
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Abstract
We examined the chronic (72 h) effects of 30 ng/ml recombinant murine tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha on release of immunoreactive growth hormone (GH), prolactin (PRL), thyrotropin (TSH), and TSH glycosylation, as assessed by lectin binding, in cultured rat anterior pituitary cells. In cultured cells from adult female rats, TNF-alpha significantly suppressed basal and GH-releasing hormone (GRH)-stimulated GH release. TNF-alpha also suppressed basal PRL release and completely abolished the PRL response to TRH (0.1-10 nM). Whereas TNF-alpha reduced basal TSH release, it significantly enhanced the maximal TSH response to TRH. TNF-alpha did not affect the concanavalin A and lentil lectin binding of TSH accumulated in the medium during the 4-day culture, but significantly decreased the lentil lectin binding of TSH released in response to acute TRH stimulation. TNF-alpha significantly enhanced the inhibitory effect of somatostatin on stimulated PRL release, but not on GH or TSH release. Compared to cell cultures from adult female rats, in anterior pituitary cell cultures from 12-day-old rats the effects of prolonged exposure to TNF-alpha on hormone release were diminished or absent. Pituitary hormone release was unaffected by acute (3 h) exposure to TNF-alpha. These results demonstrate a direct effect of TNF-alpha on anterior pituitary hormone release, which is cell-type specific and age dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Harel
- Department of Medicine, Michael Reese Hospital and Medical Center, University of Illinois, Chicago 60616, USA
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Banerjee SA, Roffler-Tarlov S, Szabo M, Frohman L, Chikaraishi DM. DNA regulatory sequences of the rat tyrosine hydroxylase gene direct correct catecholaminergic cell-type specificity of a human growth hormone reporter in the CNS of transgenic mice causing a dwarf phenotype. Brain Res Mol Brain Res 1994; 24:89-106. [PMID: 7968381 DOI: 10.1016/0169-328x(94)90121-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Transgenic mice bearing 4.8 kilobases (kb) of upstream rat tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) sequences linked to a human growth hormone gene (hGH) exhibited cell-specific expression of hGH in all the appropriate catecholaminergic neurons in the central nervous system (CNS), although with different penetrance in two different mouse lineages. No ectopic expression was observed in any brain or peripheral region in one founder and its progeny. In another founder there was some ectopic expression in addition to appropriate and high levels of tissue-specific expression in all catecholaminergic areas. These results identify regulatory sequences that are sufficient for targeting expression to all catecholaminergic CNS neurons. Also, expression of exogenous hGH in the hypothalamus caused a dwarf phenotype, generating a novel genetic model for GH deficiency of hypothalamic origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Banerjee
- Department of Microbiology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111
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44
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Affiliation(s)
- G Harel
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Humana Hospital-Michael Reese, University of Illinois, Chicago
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45
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Cuttler L, Collins BJ, Marone PA, Szabo M. The effect of isobutylmethylxanthine, forskolin, and cholera toxin on growth hormone release from pituitary cell cultures of perinatal and mature rats. Endocr Res 1993; 19:33-46. [PMID: 7681768 DOI: 10.3109/07435809309035406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The factors that regulate growth hormone (GH) release during the perinatal period are not well understood. Circulating GH levels are markedly elevated in mammalian fetuses and newborns compared with mature animals, and the immature pituitary is highly responsive to the GH-stimulatory effect of GH-releasing factor (GHRF). The etiology of these developmental changes in GH secretion is not known. In order to investigate the mechanisms underlying GH release from immature pituitaries, we tested the effects of agents that increase intracellular cyclic adenosine 3',5' monophosphate (cAMP) production independent of the GHRF receptor on GH release from pituitaries of developing and mature rats. Pituitary cell cultures from fetal (day 20 of gestation), newborn (postnatal day 2), juvenile (postnatal day 12-15), adult male (3-4 months), and adult female (3-4 months) rats were tested with isobutylmethylxanthine (IBMX; 0.001-1.0 mM), forskolin (0.01-10 microM), and cholera toxin (0.025-25 ng/ml). IBMX, forskolin, and cholera toxin stimulated GH release in a dose-dependent manner from pituitary cultures of all age groups. However, the magnitude of the GH responses to these agents was highly age-dependent. Perinatal pituitaries exhibited markedly greater GH responses to IBMX, forskolin, and cholera toxin than did those of mature animals (P < 0.001 for age effect with each agent). GH release in response to the highest dose of IBMX (1 mM) was 301 +/- 8, 389 +/- 37, 296 +/- 33, 198 +/- 14, and 187 +/- 19% of control values from pituitary cell cultures of fetal, newborn, juvenile, adult male, and adult female rats, respectively (P < 0.001). In response to the highest dose of forskolin (10 microM) GH release was 537 +/- 46, 601 +/- 75, 274 +/- 22, 270 +/- 37, and 248 +/- 35% of control values in the same respective age groups (P < 0.001). Similarly, the highest dose of cholera toxin (25 ng/ml) stimulated GH release to 407 +/- 55, 365 +/- 43, 249 +/- 26, 186 +/- 11, and 186 +/- 1% of controls in these respective age groups (P < 0.003). The marked stimulation of GH release from perinatal pituitaries by IBMX, forskolin, and cholera toxin is consistent with the concept that cAMP is a potent mediator of GH release from immature as well as mature somatotrophs. The developmental changes in the GH secretory response to these agents further suggest that signal transduction pathways mediating GH release may undergo maturation, at least in part, at intrasomatotroph loci distal to the GHRF receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Cuttler
- Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106
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Affiliation(s)
- D Maskell
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headington, Oxford, UK
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Szabo M, Maskell D, Butler P, Love J, Moxon R. Use of chromosomal gene fusions to investigate the role of repetitive DNA in regulation of genes involved in lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis in Haemophilus influenzae. J Bacteriol 1992; 174:7245-52. [PMID: 1429450 PMCID: PMC207418 DOI: 10.1128/jb.174.22.7245-7252.1992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The lic3 locus of Haemophilus influenzae consists of four open reading frames. The derived amino acid sequences of orf2 and orf4 exhibit homology to Escherichia coli GalE and AdK, respectively. The functions of orf1 and orf3 remain unknown. orf1 contains multiple tandem repeats of the tetrameric DNA sequence CAAT near the 5' end. Two possible translational starts (ATG1 and ATG2) lie upstream. We have used lacZ fusions to investigate whether changes in the number of CAAT repeats in conjunction with differential usage of the upstream frames control the expression of lic3-orf1. Phase-variable expression of lacZ was observed for individual colonies and could be related to variable numbers of CAAT repeats. Of the three possible upstream frames, only one, containing the more downstream of the two possible ATG start codons (ATG2), is used for strong expression of lacZ. Utilization of the more upstream ATG (ATG1) or ATG2 was observed with medium-level expression, while utilization of any of the three possible frames was observed when lacZ was expressed at low to undetectable levels, indicating that other mechanisms may affect expression. To investigate this, lacZ was fused in frame with ATG2 of lic3-orf1, with concomitant deletion of the repeats. Phase-variable expression was still observed, supporting the view that an alternative level of control operates in conjunction with the repeat mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Szabo
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headington, Oxford, United Kingdom
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Szabo M, Molnar J, Bánfalvi Z, Motohashi N. Inhibition of tumor induction in tobacco by Agrobacterium tumefaciens and nodulation induced by Rhizobium meliloti in the presence of phenothiazines and structurally related compounds. Anticancer Res 1992; 12:1667-70. [PMID: 1444234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Plasmids of Agrobacterium tumefaciens and Rhizobium meliloti carrying Kanamycin resistance genes were eliminated from 1.4 to 0.2% of the growing bacterial cultures by promethazine and imipramine. As a result of plasmid elimination, the A. tumefaciens plasmidless isolate was not able to induce crown gall tumor on tobacco plants. The plasmidless R. meliloti strain failed to induce nodule formation on alfalfa plants. The efficiency of nodulation was decreased when the bacteria were grown in the presence of the drugs. The antiplasmid effects of the drugs were not prevented by opines, (nopaline and octopine) in Escherichia coli F'lac cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Szabo
- Department of Plant Physiology, Attila József University, Szeged, Hungary
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Langford PR, Szabo M, Moxon ER. In vitro cytotoxicity of Haemophilus influenzae lipopolysaccharides for bovine aortal endothelial cells. FEMS Microbiol Lett 1991; 65:161-4. [PMID: 1884991 DOI: 10.1016/0378-1097(91)90297-n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The cytotoxicity of purified lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from a prototype Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) strain (Eagan) and three transformants, differing in their LPS phenotype, for bovine aortal endothelial cells (BAOEC) was investigated. All LPS preparations caused cell disruption and release of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), an indicator of cytotoxicity, from BAOEC monolayers but to differing extents. There was no correlation between the cytotoxicity of purified Hib LPS to BAOEC monolayers and potential to cause bacteraemia in experimental animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- P R Langford
- Department of Paediatrics, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, U.K
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Langford P, Szabo M, Moxon E. In vitro cytotoxicity ofHaemophilus influenzaelipopolysaccharides for bovine aortal endothelial cells. FEMS Microbiol Lett 1991. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6968.1991.tb04740.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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