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Gallop J, Alipour M, Wang Y, Botek G, Maytin E. 774 TSG-6 and TSP-1 exhibit altered expression in the skin of diabetic patients. J Invest Dermatol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2022.05.787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Safatly L, Baydoun M, Alipour M, Al-Takach A, Atab K, Al-Husseini M, El-Hajj A, Ghaziri H. Detection and classification of landmines using machine learning applied to metal detector data. J EXP THEOR ARTIF IN 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/0952813x.2020.1735529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- L. Safatly
- Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - M. Baydoun
- Beirut Research and Innovation Center, Lebanese Center for Studies and Research, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - M. Alipour
- Beirut Research and Innovation Center, Lebanese Center for Studies and Research, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - A. Al-Takach
- Beirut Research and Innovation Center, Lebanese Center for Studies and Research, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - K. Atab
- Beirut Research and Innovation Center, Lebanese Center for Studies and Research, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - M. Al-Husseini
- Beirut Research and Innovation Center, Lebanese Center for Studies and Research, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - A. El-Hajj
- Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - H. Ghaziri
- Beirut Research and Innovation Center, Lebanese Center for Studies and Research, Beirut, Lebanon
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Bourdon C, Lelijveld N, Thompson D, Dalvi PS, Gonzales GB, Wang D, Alipour M, Wine E, Chimwezi E, Wells JC, Kerac M, Bandsma R, Nyirenda MJ. Metabolomics in plasma of Malawian children 7 years after surviving severe acute malnutrition: "ChroSAM" a cohort study. EBioMedicine 2019; 45:464-472. [PMID: 31255658 PMCID: PMC6642285 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2019.06.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Revised: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND More children are now surviving severe acute malnutrition (SAM), but evidence suggests that early-life malnutrition is associated with increased risk of long-term cardio-metabolic disorders. To better understand potential mechanisms, we studied the metabolite profiles of children seven years after treatment for SAM. METHODS We followed-up children (n = 352) treated for SAM in 2006-2007, at Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital, in Malawi. Using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, tandem mass spectrometry and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, we measured circulating metabolites in fasting blood in a subset of SAM survivors (n = 69, 9·6 ± 1·6 years), siblings (n = 44, 10·5 ± 2·7 years), and age and sex-matched community controls (n = 37, 9·4 ± 1·8 years). Data were analysed using univariate and sparse partial least square (sPLS) methods. Differences associated with SAM survival, oedema status, and anthropometry were tested, adjusting for age, sex, HIV, and wealth index. FINDINGS Based on 194 measured metabolites, the profiles of SAM survivors were similar to those of siblings and community controls. IGF1, creatinine, and FGF21, had loading values >0·3 and ranked stably in the top 10 distinguishing metabolites, but did not differ between SAM survivors and controls with univariate analysis. Current stunting was associated with IGF1 (β = 15·2, SE = 3·5, partial R2 = 12%, p < 0·0001) and this relationship could be influenced by early childhood SAM (β = 17·4, SE = 7·7, partial R2 = 2·8%, p = 0·025). No metabolites were associated with oedema status, duration of hospital stay, anthropometry measured during hospitalization, nor with changes in anthropometry since hospitalization. INTERPRETATION In this group of survivors, SAM was not associated with longer-term global metabolic changes 7 years after treatment. However, SAM may influence the relationship between current stunting and IGF1. Further risk markers for NCDs in SAM survivors may only be revealed by direct metabolic challenge or later in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celine Bourdon
- Department of Translational Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada; The Childhood Acute Illness & Nutrition Network, Canada
| | - Natasha Lelijveld
- Centre for Global Child Health, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada; Malawi-Liverpool Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Programme, University of Malawi College of Medicine, Blantyre, Malawi; Institute for Global Health, University College London, London, UK.
| | - Debbie Thompson
- Department of Translational Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada; Centre for Global Child Health, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada; Caribbean Institute for Health Research, University of the West Indies, Kingston, Jamaica
| | - Prasad S Dalvi
- Department of Translational Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada; Morosky College of Health Professions and Sciences, Gannon University, Erie, PA, USA
| | - Gerard Bryan Gonzales
- Department of Translational Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada; Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine and Paediatrics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; VIB Inflammation Research Centre, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Dominic Wang
- Department of Translational Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Misagh Alipour
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Eytan Wine
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Emmanuel Chimwezi
- Malawi-Liverpool Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Programme, University of Malawi College of Medicine, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - Jonathan C Wells
- Childhood Nutrition Research Centre, Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Marko Kerac
- Malawi-Liverpool Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Programme, University of Malawi College of Medicine, Blantyre, Malawi; Department of Population Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Robert Bandsma
- Department of Translational Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada; The Childhood Acute Illness & Nutrition Network, Canada; Centre for Global Child Health, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada; Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Malawi, Blantyre, Malawi; Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada; Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands; Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Moffat J Nyirenda
- Malawi-Liverpool Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Programme, University of Malawi College of Medicine, Blantyre, Malawi; MRC / UVRI Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda
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Armstrong H, Alipour M, Valcheva R, Bording-Jorgensen M, Jovel J, Zaidi D, Shah P, Lou Y, Ebeling C, Mason AL, Lafleur D, Jerasi J, Wong GKS, Madsen K, Carroll MW, Huynh HQ, Dieleman LA, Wine E. Host immunoglobulin G selectively identifies pathobionts in pediatric inflammatory bowel diseases. Microbiome 2019; 7:1. [PMID: 30925932 PMCID: PMC6317230 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-018-0604-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/25/2018] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are a group of complex and multifactorial disorders with unknown etiology. Chronic intestinal inflammation develops against resident intestinal bacteria in genetically susceptible hosts. We hypothesized that host intestinal immunoglobulin (Ig) G can be used to identify bacteria involved in IBD pathogenesis. RESULTS IgG-bound and -unbound microorganisms were collected from 32 pediatric terminal ileum aspirate washes during colonoscopy [non-IBD (n = 10), Crohn disease (n = 15), and ulcerative colitis (n = 7)], and composition was assessed using the Illumina MiSeq platform. In vitro analysis of invasive capacity was evaluated by fluorescence in situ hybridization and gentamicin invasion assay; immune activation was measured by qPCR. Despite considerable inter-individual variations, IgG binding favored specific and unique mucosa-associated species in pediatric IBD patients. Burkholderia cepacia, Flavonifractor plautii, and Rumminococcus sp. demonstrated increased IgG binding, while Pseudomonas ST29 demonstrated reduced IgG binding, in IBD. In vitro validation confirmed that B. cepacia, F. plautii, and Rumminococcus display invasive potential while Pseudomonas protogens did not. CONCLUSION Using IgG as a marker of pathobionts in larger patient cohorts to identify microbes and elucidate their role in IBD pathogenesis will potentially underpin new strategies to facilitate development of novel, targeted diagnostic, and therapeutic approaches. Interestingly, this method can be used beyond the scope of this manuscript to evaluate altered gut pathobionts in a number of diseases associated with altered microbiota including arthritis, obesity, diabetes mellitus, alcoholic liver disease, cirrhosis, metabolic syndrome, and carcinomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather Armstrong
- CEGIIR, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2X8 Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton Clinic Health Academy, Room 4-577, 11405 87th Ave, Edmonton, AB T6G 1C9 Canada
| | - Misagh Alipour
- CEGIIR, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2X8 Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton Clinic Health Academy, Room 4-577, 11405 87th Ave, Edmonton, AB T6G 1C9 Canada
| | - Rosica Valcheva
- CEGIIR, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2X8 Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G3 Canada
| | - Michael Bording-Jorgensen
- CEGIIR, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2X8 Canada
- Department of Physiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1C9 Canada
| | - Juan Jovel
- CEGIIR, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2X8 Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G3 Canada
| | - Deenaz Zaidi
- CEGIIR, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2X8 Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton Clinic Health Academy, Room 4-577, 11405 87th Ave, Edmonton, AB T6G 1C9 Canada
| | - Prachi Shah
- CEGIIR, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2X8 Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton Clinic Health Academy, Room 4-577, 11405 87th Ave, Edmonton, AB T6G 1C9 Canada
| | - Yuefei Lou
- CEGIIR, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2X8 Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G3 Canada
| | - Cory Ebeling
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G3 Canada
| | - Andrew L. Mason
- CEGIIR, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2X8 Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G3 Canada
| | - Dawson Lafleur
- CEGIIR, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2X8 Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton Clinic Health Academy, Room 4-577, 11405 87th Ave, Edmonton, AB T6G 1C9 Canada
| | - Jeremy Jerasi
- CEGIIR, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2X8 Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton Clinic Health Academy, Room 4-577, 11405 87th Ave, Edmonton, AB T6G 1C9 Canada
| | - Gane K.-S. Wong
- CEGIIR, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2X8 Canada
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G3 Canada
| | - Karen Madsen
- CEGIIR, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2X8 Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G3 Canada
| | - Matthew W. Carroll
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton Clinic Health Academy, Room 4-577, 11405 87th Ave, Edmonton, AB T6G 1C9 Canada
| | - Hien Q. Huynh
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton Clinic Health Academy, Room 4-577, 11405 87th Ave, Edmonton, AB T6G 1C9 Canada
| | - Levinus A. Dieleman
- CEGIIR, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2X8 Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G3 Canada
| | - Eytan Wine
- CEGIIR, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2X8 Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton Clinic Health Academy, Room 4-577, 11405 87th Ave, Edmonton, AB T6G 1C9 Canada
- Department of Physiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1C9 Canada
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Armstrong H, Alipour M, Valcheva RS, Shah P, Zaidi D, Jovel J, Lou Y, Mason A, Wong G, Carroll MW, Huynh HQ, Dieleman LA, Wine E. A11 IMMUNOGLOBULIN G AS A NOVEL SELECTIVE MARKER FOR THE IDENTIFICATION OF INTESTINAL PATHOBIONTS IN PAEDIATRIC INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASES. J Can Assoc Gastroenterol 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/jcag/gwy009.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - M Alipour
- University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - R S Valcheva
- Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - P Shah
- University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - D Zaidi
- University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - J Jovel
- University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Y Lou
- University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - A Mason
- University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - G Wong
- University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - M W Carroll
- Pediatric Gastroenterology, Univeristy of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - H Q Huynh
- Pediatrics, University of alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - L A Dieleman
- Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - E Wine
- Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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Alipour M, Armstrong H, Valcheva RS, Zaidi D, Jovel J, Lou Y, Mason A, Wong G, Madsen K, Dieleman LA, Carroll MW, Huynh HQ, Wine E. A299 IDENTIFICATION OF PATHOGENIC BACTERIAL STRAINS IN PAEDIATRIC PATIENTS WITH INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASES USING IMMUNOGLOBULIN G AS A MARKER OF VIRULENCE. J Can Assoc Gastroenterol 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/jcag/gwy008.300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- M Alipour
- University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | | | - R S Valcheva
- Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - D Zaidi
- University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - J Jovel
- University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Y Lou
- University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - A Mason
- University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - G Wong
- University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - K Madsen
- Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - L A Dieleman
- Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | | | - H Q Huynh
- Pediatrics, University of alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - E Wine
- Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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Alipour M, Mashayekhi F, Salehi Z. Association of leukemia inhibitory factor gene polymorphism and in vitro fertilization outcome in a population in northern Iran. Cell Mol Biol (Noisy-le-grand) 2017; 63:58-61. [DOI: 10.14715/cmb/2017.63.3.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Alipour M. Essentialism and Islamic Theology of Homosexuality: A Critical Reflection on an Essentialist Epistemology toward Same-Sex Desires and Acts in Islam. J Homosex 2017; 64:1930-1942. [PMID: 28139174 DOI: 10.1080/00918369.2017.1289001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Although most traditional Muslim scholars condemn same-sex desires and acts, revisionist Muslim scholars have offered a more tolerant approach on this issue over the last two decades. Building on an essentialist approach to same-sex desires and acts, these scholars have argued that Islam accepts difference and diversity, including sexual diversity, as part of God's creation. Homosexuality, which in their view is an innate disposition to the same sex, is an alternative sexuality and, thus, accepted by the Qur'an and Islam. This article argues that an essentialist approach is not suitable to defend all manifestations of same-sex desires and acts, not only because it is narrow (as it excludes both bisexual Muslims and homosexual Muslims who believe that their sexual orientation is socially constructed), but also because it cannot even argue the case for the view of homosexuality as inborn. This article proposes to open up the debate beyond essentialism and constructivism, which both have their limitations, to accommodate a more inclusive and tolerant Islamic approach to same-sex desires and acts.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Alipour
- a Department of Philosophy and Religious Studies , Utrecht University , Utrecht , Netherlands
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Bording-Jorgensen M, Alipour M, Danesh G, Wine E. Inflammasome Activation by ATP Enhances Citrobacter rodentium Clearance through ROS Generation. Cell Physiol Biochem 2017; 41:193-204. [PMID: 28132060 DOI: 10.1159/000455988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nod-like receptor family, pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) is an important cytosolic sensor of cellular stress and infection. Once activated, NLRP3 forms a multiprotein complex (inflammasome) that triggers the maturation and secretion of interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-18. We aimed to define the consequences of NLRP3 induction, utilizing exogenous adenosine triphosphate (ATP) as an inflammasome activator, to determine if inflammasome activation increases macrophage killing of Citrobacter rodentium and define mechanisms. METHODS Bacterial survival was measured using a gentamicin protection assay. Inflammasome activation or inhibition in mouse J774A.1 macrophages were assessed by measuring IL-1β; cytokines and reactive oxygen species (ROS) were measured by ELISA and DCFDA, respectively. RESULTS Activation of the inflammasome increased bacterial killing by macrophages and its inhibition attenuated this effect with no impact on phagocytosis or cell death. Furthermore, inflammasome activation suppressed pro-inflammatory cytokines during infection, possibly due to more effective bacterial killing. While the infection increased ROS production, this effect was reduced by inflammasome inhibitors, indicating that ROS is inflammasome-dependent. ROS inhibitors increased bacterial survival in the presence of ATP, suggesting that inflammasome-induced bacterial killing is mediated, at least in part, by ROS activity. CONCLUSION Improving inflammasome activity during infection may increase bacterial clearance by macrophages and reduce subsequent microbe-induced inflammation.
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Roghanian E, Alipour M, Rezaei M. An improved fuzzy critical chain approach in order to face uncertainty in project scheduling. International Journal of Construction Management 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/15623599.2016.1225327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- E. Roghanian
- Department of Industrial Engineering, K. N. Toosi University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - M. Alipour
- Sustainable Energies Group, AUT Office of Sustainability, Amirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic), Tehran, Iran
| | - M. Rezaei
- Department of Industrial Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
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Alipour M. Islamic shari'a law, neotraditionalist Muslim scholars and transgender sex-reassignment surgery: A case study of Ayatollah Khomeini's and Sheikh al-Tantawi's fatwas. Int J Transgend 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/15532739.2016.1250239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- M. Alipour
- Department of Philosophy and Religious Studies, Universiteit Utrecht, Janskerkhof, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Alipour M, Amini B, Adineh F, Feizi H, Jafari MR. Effect of sub-chronic intraperitoneal administration of aminoguanidine on the memory and hippocampal apoptosis-related genes in diabetic rats. BRATISL MED J 2016; 117:472-9. [PMID: 27546701 DOI: 10.4149/bll_2016_092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Memory impairment is a common disorder in diabetes mellitus which is associated with hippocampal neuronal apoptosis. The present study was conducted to examine the effect of one-week intraperitoneal (ip), administration of aminoguanidine (AG) on passive avoidance learning (PAL) and Bcl-2 family gene expression in the hippocampus of rats. Sixty male rats were divided into ten groups: non-diabetic/diabetic animals with/without AG (50, 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg, ip) treatment for one week. PAL and Bcl-2 family genes were examined. AG (100 and 200 mg/kg) improved both memory and Bax, Bak, Bcl-2 and Bcl-xl deficiency significantly in diabetic rats. AG treatment also ameliorated the diabetes-induced changes in (Bcl-2+Bcl-xl)/(Bak+Bax) ratios considerably. These results propose that one-week ip administration of AG may recover the deficit cognition in diabetic rats via enhancing (Bcl-2+Bcl-xl)/(Bak+Bax) proportions (Tab. 2, Fig. 4, Ref. 55).
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Alipour M, Fekrmandi F, Onsori S, Tabrizian P, Jafari M. The Effect of Muscarinic Receptor Modulators on the Antinociception Induced by CB2 Receptor Agonist, JWH133 in Mice. Drug Res (Stuttg) 2016; 66:597-602. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-112365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Alipour
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - F. Fekrmandi
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - S. Onsori
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - P. Tabrizian
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - M. Jafari
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
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Alipour M, Zaidi D, Valcheva R, Jovel J, Martínez I, Sergi C, Walter J, Mason AL, Wong GKS, Dieleman LA, Carroll MW, Huynh HQ, Wine E. Mucosal Barrier Depletion and Loss of Bacterial Diversity are Primary Abnormalities in Paediatric Ulcerative Colitis. J Crohns Colitis 2016; 10:462-71. [PMID: 26660940 PMCID: PMC4946763 DOI: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjv223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2015] [Accepted: 12/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Ulcerative colitis [UC] is associated with colonic mucosa barrier defects and bacterial dysbiosis, but these features may simply be the result of inflammation. Therefore, we sought to assess whether these features are inherently abrogated in the terminal ileum [TI] of UC patients, where inflammation is absent. METHODS TI biopsies from paediatric inflammatory bowel disease [IBD] subsets [Crohn's disease [CD; n = 13] and UC [n = 10]], and non-IBD disease controls [n = 12] were histologically graded, and alcian blue/periodic acid-Schiff stained biopsies were quantified. The mucosal barrier was assessed for mucin [MUC2], immunoglobulin [Ig]A, IgG, and total bacteria (fluorescence in-situ hybridisation [FISH probe EUB338]) by immunofluorescence. The regulation of mucin secretion was investigated by NLRP6 gene expression and immunofluorescence. The composition of the active mucosa-associated microbiota was explored by sequencing the 16S rRNA amplicon generated from total RNA. RESULTS Despite the absence of ileitis, UC patients displayed ileal barrier depletion illustrated by reductions in mucin-containing goblet cells and mucin production and altered epithelial NLRP6 expression. In both CD patients with ileitis and UC patients with normal histology, bacteria coated with IgA and IgG penetrated the TI mucin layer. Biopsy 16S rRNA sequencing revealed a reduction in α-diversity by three methods [Shannon, Simpson, and Equitability indices] between UC and non-IBD paediatric patients. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest an underlying defect in the UC-afflicted intestinal tract even in the absence of inflammation, implicating barrier and microbial changes as primary abnormalities in UC that may play a causative role in disease development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Misagh Alipour
- Centre of Excellence for Gastrointestinal Inflammation and Immunity Research, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada,Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Deenaz Zaidi
- Centre of Excellence for Gastrointestinal Inflammation and Immunity Research, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada,Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Rosica Valcheva
- Centre of Excellence for Gastrointestinal Inflammation and Immunity Research, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada,Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Juan Jovel
- Centre of Excellence for Gastrointestinal Inflammation and Immunity Research, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada,Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Inés Martínez
- Department of Agriculture, Food, and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Consolato Sergi
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Jens Walter
- Centre of Excellence for Gastrointestinal Inflammation and Immunity Research, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada,Department of Agriculture, Food, and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada,Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Andrew L. Mason
- Centre of Excellence for Gastrointestinal Inflammation and Immunity Research, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada,Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Gane Ka-Shu Wong
- Centre of Excellence for Gastrointestinal Inflammation and Immunity Research, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada,Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada,Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada,Beijing Genomics Institute-Shenzhen, Beishan Industrial Zone, Yantian District, Shenzhen, China
| | - Levinus A. Dieleman
- Centre of Excellence for Gastrointestinal Inflammation and Immunity Research, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada,Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | | | - Hien Q. Huynh
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Eytan Wine
- Centre of Excellence for Gastrointestinal Inflammation and Immunity Research, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada,Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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Habibi P, Alihemmatti A, Alipour M, Nourazar A, Yousefi H, Andalib S, Ahmadiasl N. EFFECTS OF EXERCISE ON MIR-29 AND IGF-1 EXPRESSION AND LIPID PROFILE IN THE HEART OF OVARIECTOMIZED RAT. Acta Endocrinol (Buchar) 2016; 12:130-136. [PMID: 31149077 DOI: 10.4183/aeb.2016.130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Menopause increases the risk of cardiovascular disease in women. The aims of the present study were to evaluate the effects of swimming training on cardiac histology and expression of miR-29 and IGF-1 in the ovariectomized rats. Materials and methods Thirty female Wistar rats were divided into sham and ovariectomized groups: sedentary control (OVX) and trained with 8 weeks exercise (OVX.E). On 57th day, blood was collected and used for lipid profile measurement. In addition, heart tissue was analyzed by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction for IGF-1 mRNA and miR-29, and studied for histopathological changes. Results Ovariectomy significantly decreased miR-29 and IGF-1 expression in the heart compared to sham animals group (p<0.05). Exercise training increased miR-29 and IGF-1 expression in the trained rats and improved histology and lipid profile compared with OVX group (p<0.05). Conclusion Estrogen deficiency could lead to cardiac fibrosis through deregulation miR-29 and IGF-1 expression. The findings of the current study suggests a protective effect of exercise on heart against fibrotic changes in ovariectomized rats and support a potential preventive value of exercise in improving cardiac function after menopause.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Habibi
- Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Department of Physiology, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - A Alihemmatti
- Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Department of Histology & Embryology, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - M Alipour
- Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Neuroscience Research Center, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - A Nourazar
- Islamic Azad University, Tabriz Branch, Department of Physiology, Tabriz, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - H Yousefi
- Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Department of Physiology, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - S Andalib
- Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Poursina Hospital, School of Medicine, Department of Neurosurgery, Rasht, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - N Ahmadiasl
- Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Drug Applied Research Center, Islamic Republic of Iran
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Alipour M, Mozafari N. Terbinafine susceptibility and genotypic heterogeneity in clinical isolates of Trichophyton mentagrophytes by random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD). J Mycol Med 2015; 25:e1-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mycmed.2014.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2014] [Revised: 09/12/2014] [Accepted: 09/16/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Dadkhah A, Fatemi F, Alipour M, Ghaderi Z, Zolfaghari F, Razdan F. Protective effects of Iranian Achillea wilhelmsii essential oil on acetaminophen-induced oxidative stress in rat liver. Pharm Biol 2015; 53:220-227. [PMID: 25243867 DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2014.913298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Achillea wilhelmsii C. Koch (Asteraceae) is widely used in Iranian traditional medicine. OBJECTIVE This in vivo study evaluates the hepatoprotective role of Iranian A. wilhelmsii oils against acetaminophen-induced oxidative damages in rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS The animals were divided into five groups: in negative control and control groups, the DMSO and 500 mg/kg acetaminophen were i.p. injected, respectively. In treatment groups, 100 and 200 mg/kg oils and 10 mg/kg BHT were given i.p. immediately after acetaminophen administration. Then, the hepatic oxidative/antioxidant parameters such as lipid peroxidation (LP), glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP) were measured in time intervals (2, 4, 8, 16, and 24 h) after administrations confirmed by histophatological consideration at 24 h. RESULTS The results indicated that acetaminophen caused a significant elevation in SOD activity (8-24 h) and LP and FRAP levels (4 h) paralleled with significant decline in GSH level (4 and 8 h). The apparent oxidative injury was associated with evident hepatic necrosis confirmed in histological examination. The presences of A. wilhelmsii oils (100 and 200 mg/kg) with acetaminophen mitigated significantly the rise in SOD, LP, and FRAP levels and restored the GSH compared with the group treated with acetaminophen. These were confirmed by histological examination indicating the hepatic necrosis reversal by the oils. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION It can be concluded that concomitant administration of A. wilhelmsii oils with acetaminophen may be useful in reversing the drug hepatotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Dadkhah
- Faculty of Medicine, Qom Branch, Islamic Azad University , Qom , Iran
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Alipour M, Lou Y, Zimmerman D, Bording-Jorgensen MW, Sergi C, Liu JJ, Wine E. A balanced IL-1β activity is required for host response to Citrobacter rodentium infection. PLoS One 2013; 8:e80656. [PMID: 24312491 PMCID: PMC3846666 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0080656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2013] [Accepted: 10/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbial sensing plays essential roles in the innate immune response to pathogens. In particular, NLRP3 forms a multiprotein inflammasome complex responsible for the maturation of interleukin (IL)-1β. Our aim was to delineate the role of the NLRP3 inflammasome in macrophages, and the contribution of IL-1β to the host defense against Citrobacter rodentium acute infection in mice. Nlrp3−/− and background C57BL/6 (WT) mice were infected by orogastric gavage, received IL-1β (0.5 µg/mouse; ip) on 0, 2, and 4 days post-infection (DPI), and assessed on 6 and 10 DPI. Infected Nlrp3−/− mice developed severe colitis; IL-1β treatments reduced colonization, abrogated dissemination of bacteria to mesenteric lymph nodes, and protected epithelial integrity of infected Nlrp3−/− mice. In contrast, IL-1β treatments of WT mice had an opposite effect with increased penetration of bacteria and barrier disruption. Microscopy showed reduced damage in Nlrp3−/− mice, and increased severity of disease in WT mice with IL-1β treatments, in particular on 10 DPI. Secretion of some pro-inflammatory plasma cytokines was dissipated in Nlrp3−/− compared to WT mice. IL-1β treatments elevated macrophage infiltration into infected crypts in Nlrp3−/− mice, suggesting that IL-1β may improve macrophage function, as exogenous administration of IL-1β increased phagocytosis of C. rodentium by peritoneal Nlrp3−/− macrophages in vitro. As well, the exogenous administration of IL-1β to WT peritoneal macrophages damaged the epithelial barrier of C. rodentium-infected polarized CMT-93 cells. Treatment of Nlrp3−/− mice with IL-1β seems to confer protection against C. rodentium infection by reducing colonization, protecting epithelial integrity, and improving macrophage activity, while extraneous IL-1β appeared to be detrimental to WT mice. Together, these findings highlight the importance of balanced cytokine responses as IL-1β improved bacterial clearance in Nlrp3−/− mice but increased tissue damage when given to WT mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Misagh Alipour
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Centre of Excellence for Gastrointestinal Inflammation and Immunity Research (CEGIIR), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Yuefei Lou
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Centre of Excellence for Gastrointestinal Inflammation and Immunity Research (CEGIIR), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Daniel Zimmerman
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Centre of Excellence for Gastrointestinal Inflammation and Immunity Research (CEGIIR), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Michael W. Bording-Jorgensen
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Centre of Excellence for Gastrointestinal Inflammation and Immunity Research (CEGIIR), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Consolato Sergi
- Department of Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Julia J. Liu
- Centre of Excellence for Gastrointestinal Inflammation and Immunity Research (CEGIIR), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Eytan Wine
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Centre of Excellence for Gastrointestinal Inflammation and Immunity Research (CEGIIR), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- * E-mail:
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Alipour M, Omri A, Lui EM, Suntres ZE. Co-administration of aqueous ginseng extract with tobramycin stimulates the pro-inflammatory response and promotes the killing of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in the lungs of infected rats. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2013; 91:935-40. [DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2013-0073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
North American ginseng is known to have immunomodulatory and antipseudomonal properties in vitro. In this study we investigated the effects of aqueous ginseng extract, either alone or in a combination with the antibiotic tobramycin, in an animal model of chronic Pseudomonas aeruginosa lung infection. The lungs of male rats (n = 5) were infected with P. aeruginosa (2 × 108 cfu/mL) in agar-beads by intratracheal instillation. Starting on day 7 post-infection, animals were treated daily for 3 consecutive days with saline, tobramycin (300 μg/kg body mass, intratracheal), and (or) ginseng (100 mg/kg body mass, subcutaneous); animals were sacrificed 24 h after the third drug treatment. Lung bacteria counts, cytokine levels in sera, and lung histopathology were examined. The treatment of infected animals with tobramycin [6.6 × 104 colony forming units (cfu)], ginseng (5.3 × 104 cfu), or tobramycin plus ginseng (2.0 × 103 cfu) lessened the lung infection compared with the control group (saline treated) (6.0 × 106 cfu). The levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-12p70, IFN-γ, GM-CSF, TNF-α) in infected animals were significantly increased with co-treatment of ginseng plus tobramycin. These data suggest that co-administration of aqueous ginseng extract and tobramycin stimulated the pro-inflammatory response and promoted the killing of P. aeruginosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Misagh Alipour
- Medical Sciences Division, Northern Ontario School of Medicine, Lakehead University, 955 Oliver Road, Thunder Bay, ON P7B 5E1, Canada
- Biomolecular Sciences, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada
- Ontario Ginseng Innovation and Research Consortium, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Abdelwahab Omri
- Biomolecular Sciences, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada
| | - Edmund M.K. Lui
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- Ontario Ginseng Innovation and Research Consortium, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Zacharias E. Suntres
- Medical Sciences Division, Northern Ontario School of Medicine, Lakehead University, 955 Oliver Road, Thunder Bay, ON P7B 5E1, Canada
- Biomolecular Sciences, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada
- Ontario Ginseng Innovation and Research Consortium, London, Ontario, Canada
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Alipour M, Mitsopoulos P, Smith MG, Bolger G, Pucaj K, Suntres ZE. Safety and pharmacokinetic studies of liposomal antioxidant formulations containing N-acetylcysteine,α-tocopherol orγ-tocopherol in beagle dogs. Toxicol Mech Methods 2013; 23:419-31. [DOI: 10.3109/15376516.2013.774079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Alipour M, Buonocore C, Omri A, Szabo M, Pucaj K, Suntres ZE. Therapeutic effect of liposomal-N-acetylcysteine against acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity. J Drug Target 2013; 21:466-73. [PMID: 23600745 DOI: 10.3109/1061186x.2013.765443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acetaminophen (APAP) is an antipyretic analgesic drug that when taken in overdose causes depletion of glutathione (GSH) and hepatotoxicity. N-acetylcysteine (NAC) is the antidote of choice for the treatment of APAP toxicity; however, due to its short-half-life repeated dosing of NAC is required. PURPOSE To determine whether a NAC-loaded liposomal formulation (Lipo-NAC) is more effective than the conventional NAC in protecting against acute APAP-induced hepatotoxicity. METHODS Male Sprague-Dawley rats were challenged with an intragastric dose of APAP (850 mg/kg b.wt.); 4 h later, animals were administered saline, NAC, Lipo-NAC or empty liposomes and sacrificed 24 h post-APAP treatment. RESULTS APAP administration resulted in hepatic injury as evidenced by increases in plasma bilirubin, alanine (AST) and aspartate (ALT) aminotransferase levels and tissue levels of lipid peroxidation and myeloperoxidase as well as decreases in hepatic levels of reduced GSH, GSH peroxidase and GSH reductase. Treatment of animals with Lipo-NAC was significantly more effective than free NAC in reducing APAP-induced hepatotoxicity. Histological evaluation showed that APAP caused periacinar hepatocellular apoptosis and/or necrosis of hepatocytes around the terminal hepatic venules which was reduced by NAC treatment, the degree of reduction being greater for Lipo-NAC. CONCLUSION These data suggest that administration of Lipo-NAC ameliorated the APAP-induced hepatotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Misagh Alipour
- Medical Sciences Division, Northern Ontario School of Medicine, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, ON P7B 5E1, Canada
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Abstract
Ricin toxin A chain (RTA) is the cytotoxic component of the dimeric protein, ricin, one of the most potent and deadly plant toxins extracted from the seeds of Ricinus communis. RTA has been investigated as a potential candidate for cancer chemotherapy, in the form of immunotoxins, and as a method for depleting macrophages in vivo. The toxicity of RTA immunotoxins is mostly characterized by inflammation and necrosis and has been attributed to the RTA moiety of the conjugate. The present study was carried out to investigate the toxicity of intravenously (i.v.) administered RTA alone and to assess whether the observed tissue injuries are associated with increases in oxidative stress (OS) and inflammation. RTA (10 or 90 µg/kg body weight) was administered to animals i.v., and 5 or 24 hours later, liver, lungs, kidneys, and hearts were examined. RTA, at a dose of 90 µg/kg (i.v.), resulted in significant increases (P < 0.05) in an inflammatory response (i.e., increases in hepatic and lung myeloperoxidase activity) and increases in oxidant response (increases in lipid peroxidation and decreases in glutathione levels in hepatic and lung homogenates). These data suggest that i.v. administration of RTA resulted in organ injuries that were associated with inflammation and OS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Misagh Alipour
- Medical Sciences Division, Northern Ontario School of Medicine, Lakehead University, Ontario, Canada
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Alipour M, Smith MG, Pucaj K, Suntres ZE. Acute toxicity study of liposomal antioxidant formulations containing N-acetylcysteine, α-tocopherol, and γ-tocopherol in rats. J Liposome Res 2012; 22:158-67. [DOI: 10.3109/08982104.2012.662654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Alipour M, Omri A, Suntres ZE. Ginseng aqueous extract attenuates the production of virulence factors, stimulates twitching and adhesion, and eradicates biofilms of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2011; 89:419-27. [PMID: 21815782 DOI: 10.1139/y11-057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
This study was carried out to examine the antimicrobial activity of the aqueous extract of Panax quinquefolius from North American ginseng (NAGE) root against Pseudomonas aeruginosa . The minimum inhibitory concentrations of reference and clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa were measured by a standard agar-dilution method. At subinhibitory NAGE concentrations, the secretion of virulence factors, motility on agar, and adhesion to 96-well microplates were studied on the nonmucoid Pseudomonas aeruginosa O1 strain. At suprainhibitory concentrations, the activity of NAGE against mature biofilm complexes formed in the Calgary Biofilm Device and the Stovall flow cell were assessed. NAGE possessed an antibacterial activity against all the Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains at 1.25%-2.5% w/v. NAGE also significantly attenuated pyocyanin, pyoverdine, and lipase concentrations, stimulated twitching, and attenuated swarming and swimming motility. At 1.25% w/v, NAGE augmented adhesion, and at 5% w/v detached 1-day-old biofilms in microplates. The extract also eradicated 6-day-old mature biofilms (5% w/v), and fluorescence microscopy displayed a reduction of live cells and biofilm complexes compared with nontreated biofilms. These data suggest that the aqueous extract from North American ginseng possesses antimicrobial activities in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Misagh Alipour
- Medical Sciences Division, Northern Ontario School of Medicine, Lakehead University, 955 Oliver Road, Thunder Bay, ON P7B 5E1, Canada
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Alipour M, Dorval C, Suntres ZE, Omri A. Bismuth-ethanedithiol incorporated in a liposome-loaded tobramycin formulation modulates the alginate levels in mucoid Pseudomonas aeruginosa. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 63:999-1007. [PMID: 21718282 DOI: 10.1111/j.2042-7158.2011.01304.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study examined the antibacterial activity, alginate modulation, and deposition of a tobramycin bismuth-ethanedithiol (Tob-Bi) conventional (free) or vesicle-entrapped (lipo) formulation against two mucoid Pseudomonas aeruginosa clinical isolates. METHODS The inhibitory, bactericidal and biofilm eradication concentrations (in presence or absence of alginate lyase) were determined. The modulation of alginate was assessed by the carbazole assay and fluorescent-labelling of live alginate-producing biofilms by confocal microscopy. The deposition of the formulations was assessed using the immunogold-labelling technique, transmission electron microscopy, and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). KEY FINDINGS The inhibitory and bactericidal concentrations for lipo Tob-Bi compared with free Tob-Bi were reduced in all strains by 2- to 8-fold, and 2- to 32-fold, respectively. The biofilm eradication concentrations for lipo Tob-Bi compared with free Tob-Bi were reduced by 4- to 32-fold in the mucoid strains. The addition of alginate lyase transiently enhanced eradication for one mucoid strain only. The alginate levels were attenuated by more than half, and free Tob-Bi fared better than lipo Tob-Bi determined by the carbazole assay. Under confocal microscopy, alginate lyase reduced alginate levels and detached mucoid biofilms. Free and lipo Tob-Bi did not detach the bacteria from the surface, but attenuated alginate levels. Tobramycin was detected by immunogold-labelling inside the bacterium, but EDS did not detect bismuth deposits. CONCLUSIONS These findings substantiate a role in which tobramycin, bismuth, and alginate lyase play in eradicating mucoid P. aeruginosa growth and modulate alginate levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Misagh Alipour
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Laurentian University, Sudbury Medical Sciences Division, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada
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Buonocore C, Alipour M, Omri A, Pucaj K, Smith MG, Suntres ZE. Treatment of ricin A-chain-induced hepatotoxicity with liposome-encapsulated N-acetylcysteine. J Drug Target 2011; 19:821-9. [DOI: 10.3109/1061186x.2011.582645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Heney M, Alipour M, Vergidis D, Omri A, Mugabe C, Th'ng J, Suntres Z. Effectiveness of liposomal paclitaxel against MCF-7 breast cancer cells. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2011; 88:1172-80. [PMID: 21164564 DOI: 10.1139/y10-097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Paclitaxel is an effective chemotherapeutic agent that is widely used for the treatment of several cancers, including breast, ovarian, and non-small-cell lung cancer. Due to its high lipophilicity, paclitaxel is difficult to administer and requires solubilization with Cremophor EL (polyethoxylated castor oil) and ethanol, which often lead to adverse side effects, including life-threatening anaphylaxis. Incorporation of paclitaxel in dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine:dimyristoylphosphatidylglycerol (DPPC:DMPG) liposomes can facilitate its delivery to cancer cells and eliminate the adverse reactions associated with the Cremophor EL vehicle. Accordingly, the effectiveness of liposomal paclitaxel on MCF-7 breast cancer cells was examined. The results from this study showed that (i) the lipid components of the liposomal formulation were nontoxic, (ii) the cytotoxic effects of liposomal paclitaxel were improved when compared with those seen with conventional paclitaxel, and (iii) the intracellular paclitaxel levels were higher in MCF-7 cells treated with the liposomal paclitaxel formulation. The results of these studies showed that delivery of paclitaxel as a liposomal formulation could be a promising strategy for enhancing its chemotherapeutic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Heney
- Department of Biology, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, ON, Canada
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Derakhshan R, Alipour M. Remediation of Acid Mine Drainage by using Tailings Decant Water as a Neutralization Agent in Sarcheshmeh Copper Mine. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.3923/rjes.2010.250.260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Alipour M, Suntres ZE, Lafrenie RM, Omri A. Attenuation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa virulence factors and biofilms by co-encapsulation of bismuth-ethanedithiol with tobramycin in liposomes. J Antimicrob Chemother 2010; 65:684-93. [PMID: 20159770 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkq036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study examined the activities of tobramycin and bismuth against quorum sensing, virulence factors and biofilms of Pseudomonas aeruginosa by co-encapsulating the agents in liposomes in order to achieve greater delivery of the agents. METHODS The inhibitory effects of the agents, in either their conventional (free) or vesicle-entrapped (liposomal) formulations, were assessed by measuring the changes in the quorum-sensing signal molecule N-acyl homoserine lactone, pyoverdine, pyocyanin, elastase, protease, chitinase, bacterial attachment and biofilms in vitro. RESULTS The effectiveness of tobramycin and bismuth was superior when they were co-administered as a liposomal formulation as measured by their ability to attenuate the production of N-acyl homoserine lactone, elastase (P < 0.01), protease (P < 0.05) and chitinase (P < 0.01). In the presence of non-lethal concentrations of free and liposomal tobramycin and bismuth, bacterial attachment was attenuated. Biofilm formation was also attenuated with free tobramycin and bismuth, yet, in the presence of liposomal tobramycin and bismuth, biofilm complexes could form but contained mostly dead bacteria. When established biofilms were treated with higher concentrations, free tobramycin and bismuth killed and detached bacteria, while the liposomal tobramycin and bismuth penetrated and killed bacteria in the cores of the biofilms. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that treatment of P. aeruginosa with tobramycin and bismuth, as measured by the changes in quorum sensing, virulence factors and biofilms, is most effective when delivered as a liposomal formulation at a lower concentration compared with the free formulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Misagh Alipour
- The Novel Drug & Vaccine Delivery Systems Facility, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Ontario, P3E 2C6, Canada
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Alipour M, Suntres Z, Bazzul C, Halwani M, Omri P. P90 Prevention and attenuation of P. aeruginosa biofilm and virulence factors by a liposomal tobramycin bismuth formulation. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s0924-8579(09)70309-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Halwani M, Hebert S, Suntres Z, Alipour M, Omri A. Activity of liposomal formulations on sputum isolated from CF Patients. J Cyst Fibros 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s1569-1993(09)60118-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Alipour M, Suntres ZE, Halwani M, Azghani AO, Omri A. Activity and interactions of liposomal antibiotics in presence of polyanions and sputum of patients with cystic fibrosis. PLoS One 2009; 4:e5724. [PMID: 19479000 PMCID: PMC2685033 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0005724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2009] [Accepted: 05/05/2009] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background To compare the effectiveness of liposomal tobramycin or polymyxin B against Pseudomonas aeruginosa in the Cystic Fibrosis (CF) sputum and its inhibition by common polyanionic components such as DNA, F-actin, lipopolysaccharides (LPS), and lipoteichoic acid (LTA). Methodology Liposomal formulations were prepared from a mixture of 1,2-Dimyristoyl-sn-Glycero-3-Phosphocholine (DMPC) or 1,2-Dipalmitoyl-sn-Glycero-3-Phosphocholine (DPPC) and Cholesterol (Chol), respectively. Stability of the formulations in different biological milieus and antibacterial activities compared to conventional forms in the presence of the aforementioned inhibitory factors or CF sputum were evaluated. Results The formulations were stable in all conditions tested with no significant differences compared to the controls. Inhibition of antibiotic formulations by DNA/F-actin and LPS/LTA was concentration dependent. DNA/F-actin (125 to 1000 mg/L) and LPS/LTA (1 to 1000 mg/L) inhibited conventional tobramycin bioactivity, whereas, liposome-entrapped tobramycin was inhibited at higher concentrations - DNA/F-actin (500 to 1000 mg/L) and LPS/LTA (100 to 1000 mg/L). Neither polymyxin B formulation was inactivated by DNA/F-actin, but LPS/LTA (1 to 1000 mg/L) inhibited the drug in conventional form completely and higher concentrations of the inhibitors (100 to 1000 mg/L) was required to inhibit the liposome-entrapped polymyxin B. Co-incubation with inhibitory factors (1000 mg/L) increased conventional (16-fold) and liposomal (4-fold) tobramycin minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBCs), while both polymyxin B formulations were inhibited 64-fold. Conclusions Liposome-entrapment reduced antibiotic inhibition up to 100-fold and the CFU of endogenous P. aeruginosa in sputum by 4-fold compared to the conventional antibiotic, suggesting their potential applications in CF lung infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Misagh Alipour
- The Novel Drug & Vaccine Delivery Systems Facility, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada
| | - Zacharias E. Suntres
- The Novel Drug & Vaccine Delivery Systems Facility, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada
- Medical Sciences Division, Northern Ontario School of Medicine, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada
| | - Majed Halwani
- The Novel Drug & Vaccine Delivery Systems Facility, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ali O. Azghani
- Department of Biology, University of Texas at Tyler, Tyler, Texas, United States of America
| | - Abdelwahab Omri
- The Novel Drug & Vaccine Delivery Systems Facility, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada
- * E-mail:
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Alipour M, Suntres ZE, Omri A. Importance of DNase and alginate lyase for enhancing free and liposome encapsulated aminoglycoside activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. J Antimicrob Chemother 2009; 64:317-25. [DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkp165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
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Rasooli I, Alipour M, Gargari SM. Isolation, Cloning, Expression and Immunoactivity of Periplasmic Binding Protein, FepB. Int J Infect Dis 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2008.05.682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Halwani M, Yebio B, Suntres ZE, Alipour M, Azghani AO, Omri A. Co-encapsulation of gallium with gentamicin in liposomes enhances antimicrobial activity of gentamicin against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. J Antimicrob Chemother 2008; 62:1291-7. [PMID: 18931388 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkn422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to enhance the antimicrobial efficacy of a liposomal gentamicin formulation with gallium metal (Lipo-Ga-GEN) against clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. METHODS Sputum isolates of P. aeruginosa from cystic fibrosis patients were used to determine the MIC and MBC of Lipo-Ga-GEN. P. aeruginosa biofilms were formed and used to compare the minimum biofilm eradication concentration of the conventional drugs with that of Lipo-Ga-GEN. Quorum sensing (QS) molecule reduction of P. aeruginosa was determined by monitoring N-acyl homoserine lactone production using Agrobacterium tumefaciens reporter strain (A136). Viability of the cultured human lung epithelial cells (A549) was determined by Trypan Blue assay in order to assess Ga toxicity. RESULTS MIC and MBC values indicated that gentamicin was more effective against a highly resistant strain of P. aeruginosa (PA-48913) when delivered as a Lipo-Ga-GEN formulation (256 mg/L free gentamicin versus 2 mg/L Lipo-Ga-GEN). Lipo-Ga-GEN was the only formulation that completely eradicated biofilms and blocked QS molecules at a very low concentration (0.94 mg/L gentamicin). The decrease in cell viability was less in A549 cells exposed to Lipo-Ga, suggesting that encapsulated Ga is safer. CONCLUSIONS The results clearly indicate that the Lipo-Ga-GEN formulation is more effective than gentamicin alone in eradicating antibiotic-resistant P. aeruginosa isolates growing in a planktonic or biofilm community.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Halwani
- The Novel Drug and Vaccine Delivery Systems Facility, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada P3E 2C6
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Halwani M, Blomme S, Suntres ZE, Alipour M, Azghani AO, Kumar A, Omri A. Liposomal bismuth-ethanedithiol formulation enhances antimicrobial activity of tobramycin. Int J Pharm 2008; 358:278-84. [PMID: 18448284 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2008.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2008] [Revised: 03/04/2008] [Accepted: 03/08/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Burkholderia cenocepacia (formally, genomovar III genotype of Burkholderia cepacia complex) have emerged as serious opportunistic resistant pathogens in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). We have developed a liposomal formulation containing bismuth-ethanedithiol (BiEDT) and tobramycin to overcome bacterial resistance. The stability of liposomal BiEDT-tobramycin (LipoBiEDT-TOB) was studied in phosphate buffered saline (PBS) and human pooled plasma at 4 and 37 degrees C. Minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) and minimal bactericidal concentrations (MBCs) for free tobramycin and LipoBiEDT-TOB against clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa and B. cenocepacia were determined by the broth dilution method. The toxicity profile and the influence on bacterial adhesion of LipoBiEDT-TOB formulation were determined using a human lung carcinoma cell line (A549). LipoBiEDT-TOB exhibited lower MICs than the conventional antibiotic (0.25mg/L vs. 1024 mg/L) and eradicated this highly resistant bacterial strain of P. aeruginosa (PA-48913) at very low concentrations (4 mg/L vs. 4096 mg/L). LipoBiEDT-TOB was significantly less toxic when compared to the free BiEDT, as evaluated by the MTT and LDH assay. The LipoBiEDT-TOB formulation suppressed bacterial adhesion (B. cenocepacia M13642R) to A549 cells. These data suggest that the novel LipoBiEDT-TOB drug delivery system could be utilized as a new strategy to enhance the efficacy of existing antibiotics against resistant organisms that commonly affect individuals with chronic lung infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majed Halwani
- The Novel Drug & Vaccine Delivery Systems Facility, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Laurentian University, 935 Ramsey Lake Road, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada
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Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the effectiveness of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) and liposomally-encapsulated NAC (L-NAC) in ameliorating the hepatotoxic effects of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). LPS, a major cell wall molecule of Gram-negative bacteria and the principal initiator of septic shock, causes liver injury in vivo that is dependent on neutrophils, platelets, and several inflammatory mediators, including tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha). Male Sprague-Dawley rats were pretreated intravenously with saline, plain liposomes (dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine [DPPC]), NAC (25 mg/kg body weight), or L-NAC (25 mg/kg NAC body weight) and 4 h later were challenged intravenously with LPS (Escherichia coli O111:B4, 1.0 mg/kg body weight); animals were killed 20 h post-LPS challenge. Hepatic cell injury was evaluated by measuring the alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activities in plasma. LPS-induced activation of the inflammatory response was evaluated by measuring the levels of myeloperoxidase activity and chloramine concentration in liver homogenates as well as TNF-alpha levels in plasma. The hepatic levels of lipid peroxidation products and non-protein thiols (NPSH) were used to assess the extent of involvement of oxidative stress mechanisms. In general, challenge of animals with LPS resulted in hepatic injuries, activation of the inflammatory response, decreases in NPSH levels and increases in the levels of lipid peroxidation products (malondialdehyde and 4-hydroxyalkenals). Pretreatment of animals with NAC or empty liposomes did not have any significant protective effect against LPS-induced hepatotoxicity. On the other hand, pretreatment of animals with an equivalent dose of L-NAC conferred protection against the liver injuries induced following LPS challenge. These data suggest that NAC when delivered as a liposomal formulation is a potentially more effective prophylactic pharmacological agent in alleviating LPS-induced liver injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Misagh Alipour
- The Novel Drug and Vaccine Delivery Systems Facility, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada
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Alipour M, Halwani M, Omri A, Suntres ZE. Antimicrobial effectiveness of liposomal polymyxin B against resistant Gram-negative bacterial strains. Int J Pharm 2007; 355:293-8. [PMID: 18164881 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2007.11.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2007] [Revised: 11/20/2007] [Accepted: 11/20/2007] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Polymyxin B is a polycationic antibiotic effective in the treatment of Gram-negative bacterial infections. Systemic use of polymyxin B has been limited due to its toxicity, most notably nephrotoxicity, ototoxicity, and neuromuscular blockade. Entrapment of antibiotics in liposomes is known to enhance their antimicrobial activities while minimizing their toxic effects. In the present study, polymyxin B was incorporated into liposomes composed of either 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DPPC) and cholesterol (Chol) or 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (POPC) and Chol. The entrapment efficiency of sonicated liposomes containing DPPC/Chol (32.1+/-2.43%) was six-fold higher than that of liposomes containing POPC/Chol (5.35+/-0.32%). On the other hand, the entrapment efficiency of extruded DPPC/Chol liposomes (3.23+/-0.46%) was about 30% less than that of liposomes composed of POPC/Chol (5.10+/-0.37%). Incubation of extruded DPPC/Chol liposomes containing polymyxin B in serum at 37 degrees C resulted in a complete release of the antibiotic into the supernatant after 3h as compared to 6h in the case of POPC/Chol liposomes. Spontaneous release of polymyxin B from DPPC/Chol liposomes incubated in saline was significantly higher (66%) than that from POPC/Chol liposomes (24%) after 48h at 37 degrees C. With respect to the antimicrobial activities of the liposomal polymyxin B formulations, the MICs of sonicated DPPC/Chol liposomes against Gram-negative strains were generally lower when compared to free polymyxin B. Immunocytochemistry and electron transmission microscopic studies revealed that the penetration of polymyxin B into a resistant strain of Pseudomonas aeruginosa was higher following its administration as a liposomal formulation as compared to its conventional form. The combination of free drug and plain liposomes had an antibacterial activity similar to that of free antibiotic. These data suggest that incorporation of polymyxin B in liposomes could be useful in the management of Gram-negative infections induced by these microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Misagh Alipour
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada
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Zahedi Asl S, Alipour M. The effects of insulin on glucose and fluid transport in the isolated small intestine of normal rats. Life Sci 2007; 81:26-30. [PMID: 17543346 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2007.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2006] [Revised: 04/11/2007] [Accepted: 04/15/2007] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Chronically administered insulin returns enhanced maximal glucose transport capacity induced by diabetes to its normal state. In this study, the direct and acute effects of insulin on glucose transport in different parts of isolated small intestine were investigated. Mucosal Fluid Transport (MFT), Mucosal Glucose Transport (MGT) and Serosal Glucose Transport (SGT) were measured in the presence and absence of insulin in averted sacs, prepared from female Wistar rats. This study shows that the presence of insulin in vitro (40 and 80 microU/mL) can reduce MGT and SGT in different segments of the small intestine (duodenum, jejunum and ileum) after 30 min whereas it had no effect on MFT. Mucosal glucose transfer rates in the duodenum, jejunum and ileum of the controls were 6.07+/-0.4, 6.34+/-0.62 and 6.43+/-0.47 mg/g tissue respectively which were significantly reduced to 3.82+/-0.93, 3.60+/-0.50 and 1.17+/-0.45 in the presence of 80 microU/mL of insulin. Serosal glucose transfer too was decreased significantly from 0.3+/-0.05, 0.57+/-0.07 and 0.43+/-.07 in the duodenum, jejunum and ileum to 0.16+/-0.03, 0.16+/-0.04 and .07+/-.02 respectively. Mucosal fluid transfer was not affected by insulin. Insulin was as effective whether it was added on the mucosal or the serosal side. The results of this study show that insulin can directly affect glucose transport in the small intestine; its physiological role must be examined. Direct effect of insulin deficiency on glucose absorption in diabetic patients may play a role in the pathophysiology of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Zahedi Asl
- Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute of Endocrine Sciences, Shaheed Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Abstract
The anterograde projections of the motorcortical tongue area to the hypoglossal nucleus and neighbouring structures were studied in the rhesus monkey, squirrel monkey, saddle-back tamarin and tree shrew. Biotin dextranamine served as tracer. Direct projections into the hypoglossal nucleus were only found in the rhesus monkey and squirrel monkey. All four species, however, showed a direct projection into the dorsal and parvocellular reticular formation which in turn projects into the hypoglossal nucleus. The findings suggest a phylogenetic trend in the projections of the motorcortical tongue area from non-primate mammals via non-human primates to man in the sense that the cortico-motoneuronal connection is strengthened towards man. This might be one reason for the superior role the tongue plays in human vocal behaviour in contrast to non-human vocalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Jürgens
- German Primate Center, Kellnerweg 4, 37077, Göttingen, Germany.
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Alipour M, Chen Y, Jürgens U. Anterograde projections of the cortical tongue area of the tree shrew (Tupaia belangeri). J Hirnforsch 1997; 38:405-23. [PMID: 9350512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
In altogether seven tree shrews, Tupaia belangeri, the anterograde projections of the motorcortical tongue area were investigated as part of a larger comparative study. Identification of the tongue area was carried out by electrical brain stimulation. Three different tracers were used: biotin-conjugated dextranamine (BDA), Phaseolus vulgaris leucoagglutinin (PHA-L) and 3H-leucine. Intracortical projections were found to the motor cortex around the injection site, the premotor cortex, supplementary motor area, the homologues of the primate frontoparietal operculum and insula, the anterior cingulate and agrannular retrosplenial cortex, the somatosensory and bordering inferior parietal cortex as well as to the perirhinal cortex. Except the very weak projections into the retrosplenial, posterior parietal and perirhinal region which were ipsilateral, all other projections were bilateral. Subcortically, there was a projection into the ventral putamen, rostrodorsal claustrum and, very sparsely, into the caudate nucleus. In the thalamus, terminal labeling was found in the nuclei reticularis, anteroventralis, anteromedialis, ventralis lateralis, ventralis posterior medialis, ventralis posterior inferior, medialis dorsalis, in the intralaminar nuclei paracentralis, centralis lateralis, centrum medianum and parafascicularis, in the midline thalamus and in the nuclei posterior and pulvinaris. Further diencephalic projections, however all of them wak, could be traced into the zona incerta, dorsolateral subthalamus, dorsomedial, lateral and supraoptic hypothalamus. In the midbrain, labeling was found in the deep layers of the lateral superior colliculus, in the bordering reticular formation and, very sparsely, in the periaqueductal grey. In the lower brain-stem, fibres ended in the griseum pontis, dorsolateral reticular formation, principal and spinal trigeminal nucleus and, sparsely, in the lateral parabrachial region, solitary tract nucleus, inferior olive and magnocellular reticular formation. No terminals were found in the hypoglossal nucleus. The projection system revealed with PHA-L was less extensive than that demonstrated with BDA and 3H-leucine, both of which were similar.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Alipour
- Department of Neurobiology, German Primate Centre, Göttingen, Germany
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Hasspieler BM, Ali FN, Alipour M, Haffner GD, Adeli K. Human bioassays to assess environmental genotoxicity: development of a DNA break bioassay in HepG2 cells. Clin Biochem 1995; 28:113-6. [PMID: 7628068 DOI: 10.1016/0009-9120(95)00005-t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Increasing interest in environmental health issues has created a demand for improved methods for the assessment of pollutant effects on humans. Our laboratory has developed an in vitro assay for the quantification of genotoxicity, monitored as DNA single strand breaks (SSB), in the HepG2 human hepatoma cell line. DESIGN AND METHODS This assay procedure, which is based upon alkaline unwinding and hydroxylapatite DNA chromatography, is both rapid and simple to perform. RESULTS HepG2 cells responded to the standard mutagen, 4-nitroquinoline N-oxide, demonstrating SSB formation at concentrations above 0.1 mumol/L. Phenanthrene-9,10-quinone, a component of diesel exhaust, mediated SSB formation at concentrations above 250 nmol/L. Finally, an extract of contaminated sediment from the Great Lakes Basin mediated SSB formation in a dose-dependent manner. CONCLUSIONS These results illustrate the utility of this human genotoxicity assay for future use in screening of environmental pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- B M Hasspieler
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Windsor, Ontario, Canada
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Abstract
A case of right ventricular endomyocardial fibrosis simulating Ebstein's anomaly is described. The clinical features, chest x-ray, electrocardiogram, echocardiogram, intracardiac electrogram, and the angiogram were all compatible with Ebstein's malformation. A correct diagnosis was subsequently made in the operating room. Reasons for the difficulties in the differential diagnoses of these two entities are discussed.
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Saidi M, Alipour M, Memarzadeh M, Nazarian I. [The effect of succinylcholine on heart rate and rhythm in children with heart disease (author's transl)]. Anaesthesist 1978; 27:475-8. [PMID: 717749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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