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Anijärv TE, Can AT, Gallay CC, Forsyth GA, Dutton M, Mitchell JS, Hermens DF, Lagopoulos J. Spectral changes of EEG following a 6-week low-dose oral ketamine treatment in adults with major depressive disorder and chronic suicidality. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2023; 26:259-267. [PMID: 36789509 PMCID: PMC10109122 DOI: 10.1093/ijnp/pyad006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ketamine has considerable therapeutic potential in alleviating major depressive disorder (MDD) and chronic suicidality. However, the clinical diagnosis of neuropsychiatric disorders requires more robust diagnostic criteria. Electroencephalography (EEG) has shown promise in classifying depressive and suicidal patients from healthy individuals. The present study aimed to identify changes in the spectral properties of EEG in patients with MDD and chronic suicidality after completing the 6-week Oral Ketamine Trial on Suicidality (OKTOS) with follow-up occurring 4 weeks after final ketamine treatment and determine associations between EEG spectral output and clinical symptoms. METHODS Participants (N=25) had 4-minutes eyes closed resting state EEG recorded at frontal, temporal, centro-parietal, and occipital regions. Spectral analysis was performed with Welch's power spectrum density method, and the power of four distinct frequency bands was analysed - theta, alpha, low-beta, and high-beta. Correlation analyses between changes in clinical symptoms and spectral power were done using Spearman's ranked correlation. RESULTS Between pre- and post-treatment, only centro-parietal alpha power decreased. Between post-treatment and follow-up, centro-parietal alpha increased again in addition to increases in temporal alpha, centro-parietal and temporal theta, occipital low-beta, and decreases in occipital theta and temporal low-beta. Additionally, the decrease of occipital theta positively correlated with clinical subscales for depression and stress. CONCLUSIONS EEG spectral analysis revealed significant changes in theta, alpha, and low-beta frequency bands. Alpha band showed initial changes after treatment; however, this trended back towards baseline levels after the treatment cessation. In contrast, theta and low-beta showed significant power changes only after the treatment had ended.
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Affiliation(s)
- T E Anijärv
- Thompson Institute, University of the Sunshine Coast, Birtinya, Queensland, Australia
| | - A T Can
- Thompson Institute, University of the Sunshine Coast, Birtinya, Queensland, Australia
| | - C C Gallay
- Thompson Institute, University of the Sunshine Coast, Birtinya, Queensland, Australia
| | - G A Forsyth
- Thompson Institute, University of the Sunshine Coast, Birtinya, Queensland, Australia
| | - M Dutton
- Thompson Institute, University of the Sunshine Coast, Birtinya, Queensland, Australia
| | - J S Mitchell
- Thompson Institute, University of the Sunshine Coast, Birtinya, Queensland, Australia
| | - D F Hermens
- Thompson Institute, University of the Sunshine Coast, Birtinya, Queensland, Australia
| | - J Lagopoulos
- Thompson Institute, University of the Sunshine Coast, Birtinya, Queensland, Australia
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Yonel Z, Kuningas K, Sharma P, Dutton M, Jalal Z, Cockwell P, Webber J, Narendran P, Dietrich T, Chapple ILC. Concordance of three point of care testing devices with clinical chemistry laboratory standard assays and patient-reported outcomes of blood sampling methods. BMC Med Inform Decis Mak 2022; 22:248. [PMID: 36138408 PMCID: PMC9493167 DOI: 10.1186/s12911-022-01999-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Point of care testing (POCT) devices have been developed to facilitate immediate results with the potential to aid screening for new disease and enable patients to self-monitor their disease. Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are the major cause of mortality globally and are increasing in prevalence as the population ages. Allied health care professionals (AHPs) are skilled in undertaking risk assessment and delivering preventative advice, providing opportunities to access large proportions of the population who may not visit their doctor, within non-traditional community settings. There is evidence of high levels of support from public, patients and health professionals for engaging AHPs in risk-targeted early case detection of certain NCDs. Thus, POCT devices offer a potential alternative to traditional venous blood collection, as novel care pathways for increasing early case detection and access to preventative care. The objectives of this study were to: (i) determine the concordance of the specific POCT devices with laboratory-based standard assays employed within clinical biochemistry laboratories. (ii) compare the sampling experience of both methods via patient-reported experiences. Methods A prospective, two-centre study was undertaken involving 158 participants who provided informed consent. Venous blood was collected for traditional assays of HbA1c, creatinine/ estimated Glomerular-Filtration-Rate (eGFR) and vitamin-D. Capillary blood was collected by finger prick test and also assayed for the same biochemical indices (Nova StatSensor (creatinine/eGFR); Siemens DCA-Vantage (HbA1C); CityAssays (vitamin-D)). All users were provided with device training. Participants reported any discomfort experienced by each simultaneously applied method (randomised in order) via a 100 mm Visual-Analogue-Scale. Results Results for each POCT device and the laboratory standard were analysed by Bland-Altman plots to determine assay concordance. POCT devices demonstrated good concordance with laboratory testing, with at least 95% of all samples being within two standard deviations, for each of the devices tested. The majority of participants reported less discomfort with POCT than venepuncture, with the average reported discomfort being 17/100 mm less for POCT compared to venous blood sample collection on the visual analogue scale. Conclusions The POCT devices demonstrated acceptable concordance with laboratory-based assays, and patients reported lower levels of discomfort compared to traditional means of blood collection. This study demonstrates the potential of using these devices as acceptable methods for opportunistic testing of “at-risk” individuals within non-traditional community care settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Yonel
- The Periodontal Research Group, School of Dentistry, University of Birmingham, 5 Mill Pool Way, Birmingham, B5 7EG, UK.
| | - K Kuningas
- Department of Renal Medicine, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, Mindelsohn Way, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2GW, UK
| | - P Sharma
- The Periodontal Research Group, School of Dentistry, University of Birmingham, 5 Mill Pool Way, Birmingham, B5 7EG, UK
| | - M Dutton
- Department of Renal Medicine, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, Mindelsohn Way, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2GW, UK
| | - Z Jalal
- School of Pharmacy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - P Cockwell
- Department of Renal Medicine, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, Mindelsohn Way, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2GW, UK
| | - J Webber
- Diabetes Unit, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, Mindelsohn Way, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2GW, UK
| | - P Narendran
- Diabetes Unit, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, Mindelsohn Way, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2GW, UK
| | - T Dietrich
- The Periodontal Research Group, School of Dentistry, University of Birmingham, 5 Mill Pool Way, Birmingham, B5 7EG, UK
| | - I L C Chapple
- The Periodontal Research Group, School of Dentistry, University of Birmingham, 5 Mill Pool Way, Birmingham, B5 7EG, UK
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Dutton M, Vasiluk L, Hale B, Ford F. Consideration of bioavailability and bioaccessibility relationships for the risk assessment of soil Ni contamination. Toxicol Lett 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2016.06.1770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Field M, McGrogan D, Marie Y, Joinson M, Andujar C, Dutton M, Krishnan H, Hodson J, van Dellen D, Inston NG. Randomized clinical trial of the use of glyceryl trinitrate patches to aid arteriovenous fistula maturation. Br J Surg 2016; 103:1269-75. [PMID: 27470183 DOI: 10.1002/bjs.10217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2016] [Revised: 03/18/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Arteriovenous fistulas are critical for haemodialysis, but maturation rates remain poor. Experimental and anecdotal evidence has supported the use of transdermal glyceryl trinitrate (GTN) patches. The aim of this RCT was to determine whether use of a GTN patch aids arteriovenous fistula maturation. METHODS Patients referred for arteriovenous fistula formation were eligible. The GTN or placebo patch was applied immediately after surgery and left in situ for 24 h. The primary outcome measure was the change in venous diameter at 6 weeks after fistula formation. The secondary outcome measure was clinical fistula patency at 6 weeks. RESULTS Of 200 patients recruited (533 screened), 101 were randomized to the placebo group and 99 to the GTN group. Of these, 81 and 86 respectively completed surgery, and had follow-up data available at 6 weeks. Improvements in venous diameter were similar in the two groups: mean(s.d.) increase 2·3(1·9) mm in the placebo group compared with 2·2(1·8) mm in the GTN group (P = 0·704). The fistula failure rate did not differ significantly between the two groups: 23 per cent for placebo and 28 per cent for GTN (P = 0·596). CONCLUSION GTN transdermal patches used for 24 h after surgery did not improve arteriovenous fistula maturation. REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT01685710 (http://www.clinicaltrials.gov).
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Affiliation(s)
- M Field
- Departments of Renal Transplantation and Vascular Access Surgery, Institute of Translational Medicine, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK
| | - D McGrogan
- Departments of Renal Transplantation and Vascular Access Surgery, Institute of Translational Medicine, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK
| | - Y Marie
- Departments of Renal Transplantation and Vascular Access Surgery, Institute of Translational Medicine, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK
| | - M Joinson
- Departments of Renal Research, Institute of Translational Medicine, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK
| | - C Andujar
- Departments of Renal Research, Institute of Translational Medicine, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK
| | - M Dutton
- Departments of Renal Research, Institute of Translational Medicine, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK
| | - H Krishnan
- Departments of Renal Transplantation and Vascular Access Surgery, Institute of Translational Medicine, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK
| | - J Hodson
- Department of Statistics, Institute of Translational Medicine, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK
| | - D van Dellen
- Departments of Renal Transplantation and Vascular Access Surgery, Institute of Translational Medicine, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK.,Renal and Pancreas Transplant Unit, Manchester Royal Infirmary, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - N G Inston
- Departments of Renal Transplantation and Vascular Access Surgery, Institute of Translational Medicine, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK
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Dutton M. Infusion Therapy Nurse a Leader and Advocate throughout her Long Career. Oreg Nurse 2015; Winter:5. [PMID: 26415249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Dutton
- Trauma Service, St George Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Sydney Nursing School, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - K. Curtis
- Trauma Service, St George Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Sydney Nursing School, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- The George Institute for Global Health, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Zhang M, Menard M, VanMeter J, Lozier L, Browning S, Renton R, Breeden A, Brar J, Savani R, Seales P, Basdag B, Kenmore S, Mena T, Dutton M, Amri H. P02.190. Neural structural/functional and physiological correlates of massage therapy in response to physical stress. BMC Complement Altern Med 2012. [PMCID: PMC3373767 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-12-s1-p246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Dutton M, Prashar A, Romero G, Talley J, Amri H, Haramati A, Harazduk N. OA13.01. Mind-Body Medicine Skills training for self-care and emotional well-being in medical students. BMC Complement Altern Med 2012. [PMCID: PMC3373743 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-12-s1-o49] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Susla O, Shin HS, Jung YS, Rim H, Speer T, Owala FO, Razawi M, Holy E, Ferdinand B, Danilo F, Luscher TF, Tanner FC, Markaki A, Kyriazis J, Petrakis I, Mavroeidi V, Perakis K, Fragkiadakis GA, Venyhaki M, Tzanakakis M, Vardaki E, Maraki K, Doskas T, Daphnis E, Bregman R, Vale B, Lemos C, Kawakami L, Silva MI, Zhu F, Kaysen G, Kotanko P, Abbas SR, Dou Y, Heymsfield S, Levin NW, Turkmen K, Kayikcioglu H, Guney I, Altintepe L, Ozbek O, Tonbul HZ, Kaysen GA, Kaysen GA, Usvyat LA, Thijssen S, Levin NW, Kotanko P, Mutluay R, Konca Degertekin C, Derici U, Yilmaz MI, Akkiyal F, Gultekin S, Gonen S, Deger SM, Arinsoy T, Sindel S, Hueso M, Torras J, Carrera M, Vidal A, Navarro E, Rivas I, Rama I, Bolanos N, Varela C, Martinez-Castelao A, Grinyo JM, Harving F, Svensson M, Schmidt EB, Jorgensen KA, Christensen JH, Park JH, Koo EH, Kim HK, Kim MS, Cho AJ, Lee JE, Jang HR, Huh W, Kim DJ, Kim YG, Oh HY, Zawiasa A, Nowak D, Nowicki M, Nathalie N, Griet G, Eva S, Raymond V, Ng KP, Stringer S, Jesky M, Dutton M, Ferro C, Cockwell P, Jia T, Gama Axelsson T, Lindholm B, Heimburger O, Barany P, Stenvinkel P, Qureshi AR, Quiroga B, Goicoechea M, Garcia de Vinuesa S, Verdalles U, Reque J, Panizo N, Arroyo D, Santos A, Macias N, Luno J, Honda H, Hirano T, Ueda M, Kojima S, Mashiba S, Hayase Y, Michihata T, Akizawa T, Gungor O, Sezis Demirci M, Kircelli F, Tatar E, Hur E, Sen S, Toz H, Basci A, Ok E, Sepe V, Albrizio P, Gnecchi M, Cervio E, Esposito P, Rampino T, Libetta C, Dal Canton A, Faria MS, Faria MS, Ribeiro S, Silva G, Nascimento H, Rocha-Pereira P, Miranda V, Vieira E, Santos R, Mendonca D, Quintanilha A, Costa E, Belo L, Santos-Silva A, Pruijm M, Pruijm M, Hofmann L, Heuvelin E, Forni V, Coristine A, Stuber M, Vogt B, Burnier M, Chiappini MG, Ammann T, Muzzi L, Grosso A, Sabry A, Bansal V, Hoppensteadt D, Jeske W, Fareed J. Nutrition, inflammation and oxidative stress - CKD 1-5. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2012. [DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfs238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Maclaughlin BW, Wang D, Noone AM, Liu N, Harazduk N, Lumpkin M, Haramati A, Saunders P, Dutton M, Amri H. Stress biomarkers in medical students participating in a mind body medicine skills program. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 2011; 2011:950461. [PMID: 21799696 PMCID: PMC3137844 DOI: 10.1093/ecam/neq039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2009] [Accepted: 04/09/2010] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Georgetown University School of Medicine offers an elective Mind-Body Medicine Skills (MBMS) course to medical students to promote self-care and self-awareness. Participating medical students reported better management of academic stress and well-being than non-participants. In this study, we sought to assess the stress-reducing effects of MBMS by measuring physiological changes in first-year medical students. Saliva samples were collected before (January, time 1 (T1)-pre-intervention) and upon completion of the course (May, time 2 (T2p)-post-intervention), as well as from non-participating medical students (May, time 2 (T2c)-control). The T2p and T2c collections coincided with the period of final examinations. Cortisol, dehydroepiandrosterone-sulfate (DHEA-S), testosterone and secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) were measured. The mean morning salivary cortisol at T2p was 97% of the mean at baseline T1 which was significantly lower than for T2c (2.4) (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.57-1.60, P = .001); DHEA-S showed similar pattern as cortisol where the T2p levels were significantly lower than T2c (P < .001) in both morning and evening collections. Testosterone ratio at T2p (0.85) was also lower than T2c (1.6) (95% CI 0.53-1.3, P = .01). sIgA levels were not statistically different. On direct comparison, the T2c and T2p means were significantly different for all cortisol, DHEA-S and testosterone values. Participants maintained their hormonal balance within the normal range throughout the academic semester while the control group showed significantly increased levels, probably exacerbated by the end of the semester exam stress. To our knowledge, this is the first study to assess the physiologic benefits of a MBMS program in medical students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian W Maclaughlin
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Georgetown University Medical Center, 3900 Reservoir Road, Washington, DC 20007, USA
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Gomez E, Riboldi M, Galan A, Medrano JV, Rubio MC, Martinez MC, Martinez-Jabaloyas JM, Pellicer A, Simon C, Riboldi M, Medrano JV, Marques-Mari AI, Gomez E, Poo ME, Aguilar C, Pellicer A, Gil Salom M, Simon C, Kim YY, Ku SY, Oh SK, Kim SH, Moon SY, Choi YM, Pellestor F, Monzo C, Nadal L, De Vos J, Hamamah S, Liang W, Cao Y, Zhao R, Lu C, Carlomagno G, van Bragt MPA, Korver CM, Repping S, de Rooij DG, van Pelt AMM, Sedlackova M, Zakova J, Hampl A, Dvorak P, Yachimovich-Cohen N, Even-Ram S, Shufaro Y, Rachmilewitz J, Reubinoff BE, Akhlaghi AA, Baghaban Eslaminejad MR, Falahi F, Nazarian H, Omani Samani R, Shahverdi A, Tavakolifar F, Pirouz M, Baharvand H, Davenport K, Dutton M, Zhao H, Li Y, Haifeng J, Xie L, Chuang L, Feng J, Yaning L, Guowu Y, Yi L, Jun W, Xiaohong W. Posters * Stem Cells. Hum Reprod 2010. [DOI: 10.1093/humrep/de.25.s1.570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Stoev S, Denev S, Dutton M, Nkosi B. Cytotoxic Effect of Some Mycotoxins and their Combinations on Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells as Measured by the MTT Assay. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.2174/1875414700902010001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Leshwedi M, Steenkamp V, Dutton M, Gulumian M. The ability of Warburgia salutaris extracts to protect against crystalline silica-induced cell injury. Hum Exp Toxicol 2008; 27:827-35. [DOI: 10.1177/0960327108099536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In Southern Africa, the medicinal plant Warburgia salutaris is commonly used for the treatment of inflammatory and other diseases. The methanol extracts of W. salutaris were investigated with regard to a) production of proinflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β, and interferon-γ; b) activation of the transcription factor nuclear factor kappa B; and c) induction of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) damage and lipid peroxidation in the presence of crystalline silica particles. Due to its antioxidant properties, extracts of W. salutaris showed protective effects against crystalline silica-induced inflammatory cytokine expression, activation of nuclear transcription factor-κB, DNA strand breakage, and lipid peroxidation. Hence, W. salutaris may be a potential therapeutic agent against the fibrogenic and carcinogenic effects of crystalline silica.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Leshwedi
- School of Biomedical Technology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa; National Institute for Occupational Health, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - V Steenkamp
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - M Dutton
- School of Biomedical Technology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - M Gulumian
- National Institute for Occupational Health, Johannesburg, South Africa; Department of Haematology and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
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Schulenburg H, Sri-Chandana C, Dutton M, Lyons G, Columb M, McLure H. �Does hyaluronidase permit volume reduction in sub-Tenon's anaesthesia for cataract extractions? Anaesthesia 2007. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2044.2006.04944_16.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Betti M, Aldave de las Heras L, Janssens A, Henrich E, Hunter G, Gerchikov M, Dutton M, van Weers AW, Nielsen S, Simmonds J, Bexon A, Sazykina T. Results of the European Commission Marina II study: part II--effects of discharges of naturally occurring radioactive material. J Environ Radioact 2004; 74:255-277. [PMID: 15063553 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2004.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Enhanced levels of naturally occurring radioactive materials (NORM) are produced through various industrial operations and may lead to discharges to the marine environment. A recent study, called MARINA II, carried out for the European Commission considered discharges of radionuclides from the NORM industries to north European marine waters and their consequences. There are two main sources that were considered in the study. The use of phosphogypsum during the production of phosphoric acid by the fertiliser industry and the pumping of oil and gas from the continental shelf in the North Sea which produces large quantities of water contaminated with enhanced levels of naturally occurring radionuclides. Discharges of alpha emitting radionuclides from these two industries have contributed significantly to the total input of alpha emitters to north European waters over the period 1981-2000 (data were not available prior to 1981). Discharges due to the use of phosphogypsum have declined since the early 1990s and are now very low. Discharges from the oil and gas industries stabilised in the second half of the 1990s and are now the major contributor to alpha discharges to the region. As most European countries do not report discharges of radioactivity with the water produced during extraction, there is considerable uncertainty in the discharges used in the study. The impact of the discharges has been estimated both in terms of the effect on non-human biota and the radiological impact for people. In the 1980s the radiation dose rates to marine biota in the region around a phosphate plant on the north-west coast of England were as high due to the discharges from the phosphate plant as those near to the Sellafield reprocessing plant due to its discharges. In recent years the additional dose to marine biota in this region due to the past NORM discharges is of the same order of magnitude as the natural background. The collective dose rate was estimated to determine the radiological impact on people. The peak collective dose rate from the NORM industries occurred in 1984 and was just over 600 manSv y(-1). The collective dose rate fell with time as discharges from the phosphate industry reduced and was estimated as under 200 manSv y(-1) in 2000.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Betti
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Institute for Transuranium Elements, P.O. Box 2340, 76125 Karlsruhe, Germany.
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Betti M, Aldave de las Heras L, Janssens A, Henrich E, Hunter G, Gerchikov M, Dutton M, van Weers AW, Nielsen S, Simmonds J, Bexon A, Sazykina T. Results of the European Commission MARINA II study: part I--general information and effects of discharges by the nuclear industry. J Environ Radioact 2004; 74:243-254. [PMID: 15063552 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2004.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
From the collated data relevant to discharges by the nuclear industry, it results that the input of beta activity (excluding Chernobyl fallout and tritium) into the OSPAR region decreased by a factor of 4 from 1986 to 1991, reaching by this date the same level as in the early 1950s. Over the same period the discharges of the alpha activity into the OSPAR region also decreased by a factor 3, the same trend has been seen also for tritium. Since 1986 the effective dose to members of the critical group in the vicinity of Sellafield and Cap de La Hague was consistently below the ICRP and EU limit of 1 mSv per year to members of the general public. The overall radiological impact from nuclear industry on the population of the European Union from the OSPAR area has decreased from 280 manSv y(-1) in 1978 to 14 manSv y(-1) in 2000.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Betti
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Institute for Transuranium Elements, P.O. Box 2340, 76125 Karlsruhe, Germany.
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Boslaugh S, Fairbrother G, Dutton M, Hyson DM, Lobach KS. Experiences of families that applied for government-sponsored child health insurance: report of a follow-up study in New York City. J Urban Health 1999; 76:335-50. [PMID: 12607900 PMCID: PMC3456828 DOI: 10.1007/bf02345672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT This study followed up on a summer 1997 advocacy project by the Children's Defense Fund--New York, which assisted families in New York City in enrolling their children in government-sponsored health insurance programs (Medicaid and Child Health Plus). OBJECTIVE To determine how many participants from the 1997 project acquired insurance, to document their experiences during the application process, and to solicit their suggestions on improving the application process. DESIGN Guided telephone interviews in summer 1998 with all families from the 1997 program that could be located. PARTICIPANTS Fifty-five families from New York City that, with the assistance of the Children's Defense Fund--New York, applied for Medicaid or Child Health Plus in summer 1997. RESULTS Of the 55 families, 46 acquired insurance for their children at some point during the year. A number of families changed insurance status several times during the year, and some insured originally through government-sponsored programs later acquired private insurance. The families experienced many difficulties in dealing with the health insurance bureaucracies. CONCLUSION The process of applying for Medicaid and Child Health Plus is more difficult and time consuming than may be realized, and many families may go through the application repeatedly. Current efforts to decrease the number of uninsured children in the US must take into account the bureaucratic barriers faced by families that are eligible for these programs and must consider ways to make the application process less formidable.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Boslaugh
- Department of Psychiatry, Montefiore Medical Center, Department of AIDS Mental Health, Fordham Plaza, Montefiore Medical Center, 111 East 210th Street, Bronx, NY 10467, USA.
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Erickson FL, Dinesh-Kumar SP, Holzberg S, Ustach CV, Dutton M, Handley V, Corr C, Baker BJ. Interactions between tobacco mosaic virus and the tobacco N gene. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 1999; 354:653-8. [PMID: 10212945 PMCID: PMC1692539 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.1999.0417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The interaction between tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) and tobacco harbouring the N gene is a classical system for studying gene-for-gene interactions in disease resistance. The N gene confers resistance to TMV by mediating defence responses that function to limit viral replication and movement. We isolated the N gene and determined that N belongs to the nucleotide-binding-site-leucine-rich-repeat (NBS-LRR) class of plant disease resistance genes, and encodes both full-length and truncated proteins. Sequence homologies and mutagenesis studies indicated a signalling role for the N protein similar to that seen for proteins involved in defence responses in insects and mammals. The N gene confers resistance to TMV in transgenic tomato, demonstrating the use of the NBS-LRR class of disease resistance genes in engineering crop resistance. From the pathogen side of this interaction, the TMV 126 kDa replicase protein has been implicated as the avirulence factor that triggers N-mediated defence responses. We employed Agrobacterium-mediated expression strategies to demonstrate that expression of the putative helicase region of the replicase protein is sufficient to elicit N-mediated defences. The thermosensitivity of the N-mediated response to TMV is retained when induced by expression of this replicase fragment. Thus, both components of this gene-for-gene interaction are now available for studies that address the molecular mechanisms involved in N-mediated TMV resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- F L Erickson
- Plant Gene Expression Center, University of California, Berkeley, USA
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Moodley J, Cohen M, Devraj K, Dutton M. Vaginal absorption of low-dose tranexamic acid from impregnated tampons. S Afr Med J 1992; 81:150-2. [PMID: 1734554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Tranexamic acid (TA), an antifibrinolytic drug, is usually administered orally to women with menorrhagia. This route of administration is associated with adverse side-effects, therefore tampons impregnated with TA were used to assess the absorption of the drug across the vaginal epithelium. Blood levels of TA in group A (9 patients), who had one tampon inserted, and group B (10 patients), who had a tampon inserted at 2-hourly intervals so that a total of 3 tampons were administered over a 6-hour period, demonstrated absorption of the drug into the blood stream in low concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Moodley
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Natal
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Stott DJ, Dutton M, Murray GD, Williams BO, McInnes GT. Hemodynamic effects of a single moderate dose of alcohol in elderly subjects. J Stud Alcohol 1991; 52:377-9. [PMID: 1875712 DOI: 10.15288/jsa.1991.52.377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The effects of 0.5 g ethanol/kg body weight and of an iso-volumic control drink were compared in eight normotensive subjects aged 70-96 years. Blood alcohol concentration reached a mean (+/- SEM) maximum of 44.4 +/- 5.0 mg/dl at 50 minutes after the start of drinking. Compared to control, alcohol increased mean sitting and standing heart rates by 3.4 +/- 1.3 (p = .08) and 5.4 +/- 1.9 (p less than .05) beats/minute, respectively; mean venous haematocrit rose by 3.9 +/- 1.3% (p less than .05). There were no significant changes in sitting or standing systolic or diastolic blood pressures after alcohol compared to the control drink. A single moderate dose of alcohol has only minor haemodynamic effects in normotensive elderly subjects. The rise in heart rate after alcohol may be a reflex response that helps to maintain blood pressure in the face of reduced circulating plasma volume due to alcohol-induced diuresis.
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Affiliation(s)
- D J Stott
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Gartnavel General Hospital, Glasgow, Scotland
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Dumble P, Dutton M. Using the resource utilisation system to analyse cross boundary flow of patients. N Z Hosp 1989; 41:6-8. [PMID: 10313061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
The need for information in respect of the treatment patterns of cross boundary flow patients is of increasing importance to hospital managers. Until recently, detailed information as to services being utilised by such patients and the costs involved, have not been available. Using RUS to build specific patient clinical/costing profiles now provides the information that management requires to: determine services and resources being utilised; identify the patient's Board of origin; assist in long-term service planning; develop new service budgets and determine the impact upon existing budget allocations; anticipate the impact on new services.
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Withers RT, Whittingham NO, Norton KI, Dutton M. Somatotypes of South Australian female games players. Hum Biol 1987; 59:575-84. [PMID: 3623505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Dutton M. Transplantation. Nursing 1987; 3:641-4. [PMID: 2438612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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