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Hendrix S, Tan JME, Ndoj K, Kingma J, Valiloo M, Zijlstra LF, Ottenhoff R, Seidah NG, Loregger A, Kober DL, Zelcer N. SPRING is a Dedicated Licensing Factor for SREBP-Specific Activation by S1P. Mol Cell Biol 2024; 44:123-137. [PMID: 38747374 DOI: 10.1080/10985549.2024.2348711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
SREBP transcription factors are central regulators of lipid metabolism. Their proteolytic activation requires ER to the Golgi translocation and subsequent cleavage by site-1-protease (S1P). Produced as a proprotein, S1P undergoes autocatalytic cleavage from its precursor S1PA to mature S1PC form. Here, we report that SPRING (previously C12ORF29) and S1P interact through their ectodomains, and that this facilitates the autocatalytic cleavage of S1PA into its mature S1PC form. Reciprocally, we identified a S1P recognition-motif in SPRING and demonstrate that S1P-mediated cleavage leads to secretion of the SPRING ectodomain in cells, and in liver-specific Spring knockout (LKO) mice transduced with AAV-mSpring. By reconstituting SPRING variants into SPRINGKO cells we show that the SPRING ectodomain supports proteolytic maturation of S1P and SREBP signaling, but that S1P-mediated SPRING cleavage is not essential for these processes. Absence of SPRING modestly diminishes proteolytic maturation of S1PA→C and trafficking of S1PC to the Golgi. However, despite reaching the Golgi in SPRINGKO cells, S1PC fails to rescue SREBP signaling. Remarkably, whereas SREBP signaling was severely attenuated in SPRINGKO cells and LKO mice, that of ATF6, another S1P substrate, was unaffected in these models. Collectively, our study positions SPRING as a dedicated licensing factor for SREBP-specific activation by S1P.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Hendrix
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences and Gastroenterology and Metabolism, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Josephine M E Tan
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences and Gastroenterology and Metabolism, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Klevis Ndoj
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences and Gastroenterology and Metabolism, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jenina Kingma
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences and Gastroenterology and Metabolism, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Masoud Valiloo
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences and Gastroenterology and Metabolism, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lobke F Zijlstra
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences and Gastroenterology and Metabolism, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Roelof Ottenhoff
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences and Gastroenterology and Metabolism, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nabil G Seidah
- Laboratory of Biochemical Neuroendocrinology, Montreal Clinical Research Institute (IRCM), University of Montreal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Anke Loregger
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences and Gastroenterology and Metabolism, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Daniel L Kober
- Department of Biochemistry, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Noam Zelcer
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences and Gastroenterology and Metabolism, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Hendrix S, Kingma J, Ottenhoff R, Valiloo M, Svecla M, Zijlstra LF, Sachdev V, Kovac K, Levels JHM, Jongejan A, de Boer JF, Kuipers F, Rimbert A, Norata GD, Loregger A, Zelcer N. Hepatic SREBP signaling requires SPRING to govern systemic lipid metabolism in mice and humans. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5181. [PMID: 37626055 PMCID: PMC10457316 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40943-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The sterol regulatory element binding proteins (SREBPs) are transcription factors that govern cholesterol and fatty acid metabolism. We recently identified SPRING as a post-transcriptional regulator of SREBP activation. Constitutive or inducible global ablation of Spring in mice is not tolerated, and we therefore develop liver-specific Spring knockout mice (LKO). Transcriptomics and proteomics analysis reveal attenuated SREBP signaling in livers and hepatocytes of LKO mice. Total plasma cholesterol is reduced in male and female LKO mice in both the low-density lipoprotein and high-density lipoprotein fractions, while triglycerides are unaffected. Loss of Spring decreases hepatic cholesterol and triglyceride content due to diminished biosynthesis, which coincides with reduced very-low-density lipoprotein secretion. Accordingly, LKO mice are protected from fructose diet-induced hepatosteatosis. In humans, we find common genetic SPRING variants that associate with circulating high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and ApoA1 levels. This study positions SPRING as a core component of hepatic SREBP signaling and systemic lipid metabolism in mice and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Hendrix
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences and Gastroenterology and Metabolism, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jenina Kingma
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences and Gastroenterology and Metabolism, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Roelof Ottenhoff
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences and Gastroenterology and Metabolism, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Masoud Valiloo
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences and Gastroenterology and Metabolism, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Monika Svecla
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Balzaretti 9, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Lobke F Zijlstra
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences and Gastroenterology and Metabolism, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Vinay Sachdev
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences and Gastroenterology and Metabolism, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Kristina Kovac
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences and Gastroenterology and Metabolism, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Johannes H M Levels
- Department of Experimental Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Aldo Jongejan
- Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, Bioinformatics Laboratory, of Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jan F de Boer
- Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Folkert Kuipers
- Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing (ERIBA), University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Antoine Rimbert
- l'institut du thorax, Nantes Université, CNRS, INSERM, F-44000, Nantes, France
| | - Giuseppe D Norata
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Balzaretti 9, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Anke Loregger
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences and Gastroenterology and Metabolism, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Myllia Biotechnology GmbH, Am Kanal 27, 1110, Vienna, Austria
| | - Noam Zelcer
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences and Gastroenterology and Metabolism, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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