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Funnell SGP, Dowling WE, Muñoz-Fontela C, Gsell PS, Ingber DE, Hamilton GA, Delang L, Rocha-Pereira J, Kaptein S, Dallmeier KH, Neyts J, Rosenke K, de Wit E, Feldmann H, Maisonnasse P, Le Grand R, Frieman MB, Coleman CM. Emerging preclinical evidence does not support broad use of hydroxychloroquine in COVID-19 patients. Nat Commun 2020; 11:4253. [PMID: 32848158 PMCID: PMC7450055 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-17907-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
There is an urgent need for drugs, therapies and vaccines to be available to protect the human population against COVID-19. One of the first approaches taken in the COVID-19 global response was to consider repurposing licensed drugs. This commentary highlights an extraordinary international collaborative effort of independent researchers who have recently all come to the same conclusion—that chloroquine or hydroxchloroquine are unlikely to provide clinical benefit against COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- S G P Funnell
- National Infection Service, Public Health England, Porton Down, Manor Farm Road, Salisbury, Wiltshire, SP40JG, UK.
| | - W E Dowling
- Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations, 1901 Pennsylvania Avenue, NW, Suite 1003, Washington, DC, 20006, USA
| | - C Muñoz-Fontela
- Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Bernhard Nocht Strasse. 74, 20359, Hamburg, Germany
| | - P-S Gsell
- World Health Organisation, Avenue Appia, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - D E Ingber
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, CLSB5, 3 Blackfan Circle, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - G A Hamilton
- Emulate Inc., 27 Drydock Avenue, 5th Floor, Boston, MA, 02210, USA
| | - L Delang
- Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute, Global Virus Network, KU Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - J Rocha-Pereira
- Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute, Global Virus Network, KU Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - S Kaptein
- Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute, Global Virus Network, KU Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - K H Dallmeier
- Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute, Global Virus Network, KU Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - J Neyts
- Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute, Global Virus Network, KU Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - K Rosenke
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Health, Hamilton, 59840, MT, USA
| | - E de Wit
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Health, Hamilton, 59840, MT, USA
| | - H Feldmann
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Health, Hamilton, 59840, MT, USA
| | - P Maisonnasse
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CEA, Center for Immunology of Viral, Auto-immune, Hematological and Bacterial diseases » (IMVA-HB/IDMIT), Fontenay-aux-Roses & Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, 92265, France
| | - R Le Grand
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CEA, Center for Immunology of Viral, Auto-immune, Hematological and Bacterial diseases » (IMVA-HB/IDMIT), Fontenay-aux-Roses & Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, 92265, France
| | - M B Frieman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - C M Coleman
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK
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Aylor DL, Valdar W, Foulds-Mathes W, Buus RJ, Verdugo RA, Baric RS, Ferris MT, Frelinger JA, Heise M, Frieman MB, Gralinski LE, Bell TA, Didion JD, Hua K, Nehrenberg DL, Powell CL, Steigerwalt J, Xie Y, Kelada SNP, Collins FS, Yang IV, Schwartz DA, Branstetter LA, Chesler EJ, Miller DR, Spence J, Liu EY, McMillan L, Sarkar A, Wang J, Wang W, Zhang Q, Broman KW, Korstanje R, Durrant C, Mott R, Iraqi FA, Pomp D, Threadgill D, de Villena FPM, Churchill GA. Genetic analysis of complex traits in the emerging Collaborative Cross. Genome Res 2011; 21:1213-22. [PMID: 21406540 DOI: 10.1101/gr.111310.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 260] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The Collaborative Cross (CC) is a mouse recombinant inbred strain panel that is being developed as a resource for mammalian systems genetics. Here we describe an experiment that uses partially inbred CC lines to evaluate the genetic properties and utility of this emerging resource. Genome-wide analysis of the incipient strains reveals high genetic diversity, balanced allele frequencies, and dense, evenly distributed recombination sites-all ideal qualities for a systems genetics resource. We map discrete, complex, and biomolecular traits and contrast two quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping approaches. Analysis based on inferred haplotypes improves power, reduces false discovery, and provides information to identify and prioritize candidate genes that is unique to multifounder crosses like the CC. The number of expression QTLs discovered here exceeds all previous efforts at eQTL mapping in mice, and we map local eQTL at 1-Mb resolution. We demonstrate that the genetic diversity of the CC, which derives from random mixing of eight founder strains, results in high phenotypic diversity and enhances our ability to map causative loci underlying complex disease-related traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- David L Aylor
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
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