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Sharobeam A, Lin L, Lam C, Garcia-Esperon C, Gawarikar Y, Patel R, Lee-Archer M, Wong A, Roizman M, Gilligan A, Lee A, Tan KM, Day S, Levi C, Davis SM, Parsons M, Yan B. Early anticoagulation in patients with stroke and atrial fibrillation is associated with fewer ischaemic lesions at 1 month: the ATTUNE study. Stroke Vasc Neurol 2024; 9:30-37. [PMID: 37247875 PMCID: PMC10956108 DOI: 10.1136/svn-2023-002357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The optimal time to commence anticoagulation in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) after ischaemic stroke or transient ischaemic attack (TIA) is unclear, with guidelines differing in recommendations. A limitation of previous studies is the focus on clinically overt stroke, rather than radiologically obvious diffusion-weighted imaging ischaemic lesions. We aimed to quantify silent ischaemic lesions and haemorrhages on MRI at 1 month in patients commenced on early (<4 days) vs late (≥4 days) anticoagulation. We hypothesised that there would be fewer ischaemic lesions and more haemorrhages in the early anticoagulant group at 1-month MRI. METHODS A prospective multicentre, observational cohort study was performed at 11 Australian stroke centres. Clinical and MRI data were collected at baseline and follow-up, with blinded imaging assessment performed by two authors. Timing of commencement of anticoagulation was at the discretion of the treating stroke physician. RESULTS We recruited 276 patients of whom 208 met the eligibility criteria. The average age was 74.2 years (SD±10.63), and 79 (38%) patients were female. Median National Institute of Health Stroke Scale score was 5 (IQR 1-12). Median baseline ischaemic lesion volume was 5 mL (IQR 2-17). There were a greater number of new ischaemic lesions on follow-up MRI in patients commenced on anticoagulation ≥4 days after index event (17% vs 8%, p=0.04), but no difference in haemorrhage rates (22% vs 32%, p=0.10). Baseline ischaemic lesion volume of ≤5 mL was less likely to have a new haemorrhage at 1 month (p=0.02). There was no difference in haemorrhage rates in patients with an initial ischaemic lesion volume of >5 mL, regardless of anticoagulation timing. CONCLUSION Commencing anticoagulation <4 days after stroke or TIA is associated with fewer ischaemic lesions at 1 month in AF patients. There is no increased rate of haemorrhage with early anticoagulation. These results suggest that early anticoagulation after mild-to-moderate acute ischaemic stroke associated with AF might be safe, but randomised controlled studies are needed to inform clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelos Sharobeam
- Melbourne Brain Centre at Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Longting Lin
- University of New South Wales South Western Sydney Clinical School, Liverpool, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Christina Lam
- Melbourne Brain Centre at Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Carlos Garcia-Esperon
- Department of Neurology, John Hunter Hospital, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Yash Gawarikar
- Department of Neurology, Calvary Public Hospital, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Ronak Patel
- Department of Neurology, Calvary Public Hospital, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Matthew Lee-Archer
- Department of Neurology, Northern Hospital Epping, Epping, Victoria, Australia
| | - Andrew Wong
- Department of Neurology, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, Queensland, Australia
- The University of Queensland School of Medicine, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - Michael Roizman
- Department of Neurology, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, Queensland, Australia
- The University of Queensland School of Medicine, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - Amanda Gilligan
- Neurosciences Clinical Institute, Epworth Healthcare, Richmond, Virginia, Australia
- Department of Neurology, Austin Health, University of Melbourne, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
| | - Andrew Lee
- Flinders University College of Medicine and Public Health, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Kee Meng Tan
- Department of Neurology, Gold Coast University Hospital, Southport, Queensland, Australia
| | - Susan Day
- The University of Sydney Northern Clinical School, St Leonards, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Christopher Levi
- Department of Neurology, John Hunter Hospital, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Stephen M Davis
- Melbourne Brain Centre at Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Mark Parsons
- University of New South Wales South Western Sydney Clinical School, Liverpool, New South Wales, Australia
- Department of Neurology and Neurophysiology, Liverpool Hospital, Liverpool, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Bernard Yan
- Melbourne Brain Centre at Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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2
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Bladin CF, Wah Cheung N, Dewey HM, Churilov L, Middleton S, Thijs V, Ekinci E, Levi CR, Lindley R, Donnan GA, Parsons MW, Meretoja A, Tiainen M, Choi PM, Cordato D, Brown H, Campbell BC, Davis SM, Cloud G, Grimley R, Lee-Archer M, Ghia D, Sanders L, Markus R, Muller C, Salvaris P, Wu T, Fink J. Management of Poststroke Hyperglycemia: Results of the TEXAIS Randomized Clinical Trial. Stroke 2023; 54:2962-2971. [PMID: 38011235 PMCID: PMC10664794 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.123.044568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hyperglycemia in acute ischemic stroke reduces the efficacy of stroke thrombolysis and thrombectomy, with worse clinical outcomes. Insulin-based therapies are difficult to implement and may cause hypoglycemia. We investigated whether exenatide, a GLP-1 (glucagon-like peptide-1) receptor agonist, would improve stroke outcomes, and control poststroke hyperglycemia with minimal hypoglycemia. METHODS The TEXAIS trial (Treatment With Exenatide in Acute Ischemic Stroke) was an international, multicenter, phase 2 prospective randomized clinical trial (PROBE [Prospective Randomized Open Blinded End-Point] design) enrolling adult patients with acute ischemic stroke ≤9 hours of stroke onset to receive exenatide (5 µg BID subcutaneous injection) or standard care for 5 days, or until hospital discharge (whichever sooner). The primary outcome (intention to treat) was the proportion of patients with ≥8-point improvement in National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score (or National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale scores 0-1) at 7 days poststroke. Safety outcomes included death, episodes of hyperglycemia, hypoglycemia, and adverse event. RESULTS From April 2016 to June 2021, 350 patients were randomized (exenatide, n=177, standard care, n=173). Median age, 71 years (interquartile range, 62-79), median National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score, 4 (interquartile range, 2-8). Planned recruitment (n=528) was stopped early due to COVID-19 disruptions and funding constraints. The primary outcome was achieved in 97 of 171 (56.7%) in the standard care group versus 104 of 170 (61.2%) in the exenatide group (adjusted odds ratio, 1.22 [95% CI, 0.79-1.88]; P=0.38). No differences in secondary outcomes were observed. The per-patient mean daily frequency of hyperglycemia was significantly less in the exenatide group across all quartiles. No episodes of hypoglycemia were recorded over the treatment period. Adverse events of mild nausea and vomiting occurred in 6 (3.5%) exenatide patients versus 0 (0%) standard care with no withdrawal. CONCLUSIONS Treatment with exenatide did not reduce neurological impairment at 7 days in patients with acute ischemic stroke. Exenatide did significantly reduce the frequency of hyperglycemic events, without hypoglycemia, and was safe to use. Larger acute stroke trials using GLP-1 agonists such as exenatide should be considered. REGISTRATION URL: www.australianclinicaltrials.gov.au; Unique identifier: ACTRN12617000409370. URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov; Unique identifier: NCT03287076.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher F. Bladin
- Department of Neurosciences, Eastern Health and Eastern Health Clinical School, Department of Neurology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia (C.F.B., H.M.D., P.M.C.C.)
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health (C.F.B., V.T., B.C.V.C.), University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Ngai Wah Cheung
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, Westmead Hospital (N.W.C.), University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Helen M. Dewey
- Department of Neurosciences, Eastern Health and Eastern Health Clinical School, Department of Neurology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia (C.F.B., H.M.D., P.M.C.C.)
| | - Leonid Churilov
- Department of Medicine (L.C.), University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
- Australian Centre for Accelerating Diabetes Innovations (L.C., E.E.), University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
- Austin Health, Australia (L.C., E.E.)
| | - Sandy Middleton
- Nursing Research Institute, St Vincent’s Health Network Sydney, St Vincent’s Hospital Melbourne and School of Nursing, Midwifery and Paramedicine, Australian Catholic University, Sydney, Australia (S.M.)
| | - Vincent Thijs
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health (C.F.B., V.T., B.C.V.C.), University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Elif Ekinci
- Australian Centre for Accelerating Diabetes Innovations (L.C., E.E.), University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
- Austin Health, Australia (L.C., E.E.)
| | - Christopher R. Levi
- Department of Neurology, Priority Research Centre for Brain and Mental Health Research, John Hunter Hospital, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia (C.R.L.)
| | - Richard Lindley
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney Medical School (R.L.), University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- George Institute for Global Health, Sydney, Australia (R.L.)
| | - Geoffrey A. Donnan
- Department of Medicine and Neurology, Melbourne Brain Centre, Royal Melbourne Hospital (G.A.D., B.C.V.C., S.M.D), University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Mark W. Parsons
- Department of Neurology, Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Liverpool Hospital, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia (M.W.P., D.C.)
| | - Atte Meretoja
- Department of Neurology, Helsinki University Hospital, Finland (A.M., M.T.)
| | - Marjaana Tiainen
- Department of Neurology, Helsinki University Hospital, Finland (A.M., M.T.)
| | - Philip M.C. Choi
- Department of Neurosciences, Eastern Health and Eastern Health Clinical School, Department of Neurology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia (C.F.B., H.M.D., P.M.C.C.)
| | - Dennis Cordato
- Department of Neurology, Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Liverpool Hospital, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia (M.W.P., D.C.)
| | - Helen Brown
- Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia (H.B.)
| | - Bruce C.V. Campbell
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health (C.F.B., V.T., B.C.V.C.), University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
- Department of Medicine and Neurology, Melbourne Brain Centre, Royal Melbourne Hospital (G.A.D., B.C.V.C., S.M.D), University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Stephen M. Davis
- Department of Medicine and Neurology, Melbourne Brain Centre, Royal Melbourne Hospital (G.A.D., B.C.V.C., S.M.D), University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Geoffrey Cloud
- Department of Neurosciences, Eastern Health and Eastern Health Clinical School, Department of Neurology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia (C.F.B., H.M.D., P.M.C.C.)
- Department of Medicine (L.C.), University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health (C.F.B., V.T., B.C.V.C.), University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
- Australian Centre for Accelerating Diabetes Innovations (L.C., E.E.), University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
- Department of Medicine and Neurology, Melbourne Brain Centre, Royal Melbourne Hospital (G.A.D., B.C.V.C., S.M.D), University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, Westmead Hospital (N.W.C.), University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney Medical School (R.L.), University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Nursing Research Institute, St Vincent’s Health Network Sydney, St Vincent’s Hospital Melbourne and School of Nursing, Midwifery and Paramedicine, Australian Catholic University, Sydney, Australia (S.M.)
- Austin Health, Australia (L.C., E.E.)
- Department of Neurology, Priority Research Centre for Brain and Mental Health Research, John Hunter Hospital, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia (C.R.L.)
- George Institute for Global Health, Sydney, Australia (R.L.)
- Department of Neurology, Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Liverpool Hospital, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia (M.W.P., D.C.)
- Department of Neurology, Helsinki University Hospital, Finland (A.M., M.T.)
- Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia (H.B.)
- Department of Neurology, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia (D.G.)
- Department of Medicine, St John of God Midland Public and Private Hospitals, Perth, Western Australia (P.S.)
- Department of Neurology, Launceston General Hospital, Tasmania, Australia (M.L.-A.)
- Department of Neurology, Christchurch Hospital, New Zealand (T.W., J.F.)
- Department of Neurosciences, St Vincent’s Hospital, Melbourne, Australia (L.S.)
- Department of Neurology, St Vincent’s Hospital, Sydney, Australia (R.M.)
- School of Medicine and Dentistry, Griffith University, Birtinya, Queensland, Australia (R.G.)
- Department of Neurology, Royal Brisbane and Women’s Hospital, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia (C.M.)
| | - Rohan Grimley
- School of Medicine and Dentistry, Griffith University, Birtinya, Queensland, Australia (R.G.)
| | - Matthew Lee-Archer
- Department of Neurology, Launceston General Hospital, Tasmania, Australia (M.L.-A.)
| | - Darshan Ghia
- Department of Neurology, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia (D.G.)
| | - Lauren Sanders
- Department of Neurosciences, St Vincent’s Hospital, Melbourne, Australia (L.S.)
| | - Romesh Markus
- Department of Neurology, St Vincent’s Hospital, Sydney, Australia (R.M.)
| | - Claire Muller
- Department of Neurology, Royal Brisbane and Women’s Hospital, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia (C.M.)
| | - Patrick Salvaris
- Department of Medicine, St John of God Midland Public and Private Hospitals, Perth, Western Australia (P.S.)
| | - Teddy Wu
- Department of Neurology, Christchurch Hospital, New Zealand (T.W., J.F.)
| | - John Fink
- Department of Neurology, Christchurch Hospital, New Zealand (T.W., J.F.)
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3
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Rafehi H, Read J, Szmulewicz DJ, Davies KC, Snell P, Fearnley LG, Scott L, Thomsen M, Gillies G, Pope K, Bennett MF, Munro JE, Ngo KJ, Chen L, Wallis MJ, Butler EG, Kumar KR, Wu KH, Tomlinson SE, Tisch S, Malhotra A, Lee-Archer M, Dolzhenko E, Eberle MA, Roberts LJ, Fogel BL, Brüggemann N, Lohmann K, Delatycki MB, Bahlo M, Lockhart PJ. An intronic GAA repeat expansion in FGF14 causes the autosomal-dominant adult-onset ataxia SCA27B/ATX-FGF14. Am J Hum Genet 2023; 110:1018. [PMID: 37267898 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2023.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023] Open
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Rajalingam P, de Souza A, Lee-Archer M, Dhakal M. Sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease in Northern Tasmania. J R Coll Physicians Edinb 2023; 53:35-39. [PMID: 36680361 DOI: 10.1177/14782715221150580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease is a rare and incurable form of rapidly progressive neurodegenerative disease. The disease is fatal, and most patients die within 1 year of diagnosis. Clinical features include progressive cognitive dysfunction, delusions or hallucinations, cerebellar ataxia, myoclonus, visual disturbances, extrapyramidal signs and eventually akinetic mutism. Most patients present with varied clinical presentation, hence making it difficult to diagnose at an early stage. We report five cases of sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease presenting to a Tasmanian hospital in Australia over a period of 52 months. We highlight significant clinical features in all our patients including few atypical presentations, emphasise on relevant clinical biomarkers and illustrate characteristic abnormalities on electroencephalogram and neuroimaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Rajalingam
- Department of Medicine, Launceston General Hospital, Launceston, TAS, Australia
| | - Aaron de Souza
- Department of Medicine, Launceston General Hospital, Launceston, TAS, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, Launceston Clinical School, University of Tasmania, Launceston, TAS, Australia
| | - Matthew Lee-Archer
- Department of Medicine, Launceston General Hospital, Launceston, TAS, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, Launceston Clinical School, University of Tasmania, Launceston, TAS, Australia
| | - Mahesh Dhakal
- Department of Medicine, Launceston General Hospital, Launceston, TAS, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, Launceston Clinical School, University of Tasmania, Launceston, TAS, Australia
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5
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Rafehi H, Read J, Szmulewicz DJ, Davies KC, Snell P, Fearnley LG, Scott L, Thomsen M, Gillies G, Pope K, Bennett MF, Munro JE, Ngo KJ, Chen L, Wallis MJ, Butler EG, Kumar KR, Wu KHC, Tomlinson SE, Tisch S, Malhotra A, Lee-Archer M, Dolzhenko E, Eberle MA, Roberts LJ, Fogel BL, Brüggemann N, Lohmann K, Delatycki MB, Bahlo M, Lockhart PJ. An intronic GAA repeat expansion in FGF14 causes the autosomal-dominant adult-onset ataxia SCA50/ATX-FGF14. Am J Hum Genet 2023; 110:105-119. [PMID: 36493768 PMCID: PMC9892775 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2022.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Adult-onset cerebellar ataxias are a group of neurodegenerative conditions that challenge both genetic discovery and molecular diagnosis. In this study, we identified an intronic (GAA) repeat expansion in fibroblast growth factor 14 (FGF14). Genetic analysis of 95 Australian individuals with adult-onset ataxia identified four (4.2%) with (GAA)>300 and a further nine individuals with (GAA)>250. PCR and long-read sequence analysis revealed these were pure (GAA) repeats. In comparison, no control subjects had (GAA)>300 and only 2/311 control individuals (0.6%) had a pure (GAA)>250. In a German validation cohort, 9/104 (8.7%) of affected individuals had (GAA)>335 and a further six had (GAA)>250, whereas 10/190 (5.3%) control subjects had (GAA)>250 but none were (GAA)>335. The combined data suggest (GAA)>335 are disease causing and fully penetrant (p = 6.0 × 10-8, OR = 72 [95% CI = 4.3-1,227]), while (GAA)>250 is likely pathogenic with reduced penetrance. Affected individuals had an adult-onset, slowly progressive cerebellar ataxia with variable features including vestibular impairment, hyper-reflexia, and autonomic dysfunction. A negative correlation between age at onset and repeat length was observed (R2 = 0.44, p = 0.00045, slope = -0.12) and identification of a shared haplotype in a minority of individuals suggests that the expansion can be inherited or generated de novo during meiotic division. This study demonstrates the power of genome sequencing and advanced bioinformatic tools to identify novel repeat expansions via model-free, genome-wide analysis and identifies SCA50/ATX-FGF14 as a frequent cause of adult-onset ataxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haloom Rafehi
- Population Health and Immunity Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Justin Read
- Bruce Lefroy Centre, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia,Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Royal Children’s Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - David J. Szmulewicz
- Cerebellar Ataxia Clinic, Eye and Ear Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia,The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Kayli C. Davies
- Bruce Lefroy Centre, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia,Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Royal Children’s Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Penny Snell
- Bruce Lefroy Centre, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Liam G. Fearnley
- Population Health and Immunity Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia,Bruce Lefroy Centre, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Liam Scott
- Population Health and Immunity Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Mirja Thomsen
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Greta Gillies
- Bruce Lefroy Centre, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Kate Pope
- Bruce Lefroy Centre, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Mark F. Bennett
- Population Health and Immunity Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia,Epilepsy Research Centre, Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Austin Health, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia
| | - Jacob E. Munro
- Population Health and Immunity Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Kathie J. Ngo
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Luke Chen
- Alfred Hospital, Department of Neurology, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Mathew J. Wallis
- Clinical Genetics Service, Austin Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia,Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Austin Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia,School of Medicine and Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | | | - Kishore R. Kumar
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia,Molecular Medicine Laboratory and Department of Neurology, Concord Repatriation General Hospital, Concord, NSW, Australia,Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Kathy HC. Wu
- School of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia,Clinical Genomics, St Vincent’s Hospital, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia,Discipline of Genomic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia,School of Medicine, University of Notre Dame, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Susan E. Tomlinson
- School of Medicine, University of Notre Dame, Sydney, NSW, Australia,Department of Neurology, St Vincent’s Hospital, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
| | - Stephen Tisch
- School of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia,Department of Neurology, St Vincent’s Hospital, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
| | - Abhishek Malhotra
- Department of Neuroscience, University Hospital Geelong, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Matthew Lee-Archer
- Launceston General Hospital, Tasmanian Health Service, Launceston, TAS, Australia
| | | | | | - Leslie J. Roberts
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Research, St. Vincent’s Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Brent L. Fogel
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA,Departments of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Norbert Brüggemann
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany,Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Germany
| | - Katja Lohmann
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Martin B. Delatycki
- Bruce Lefroy Centre, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia,Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Royal Children’s Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia,Victorian Clinical Genetics Services, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Melanie Bahlo
- Population Health and Immunity Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.
| | - Paul J. Lockhart
- Bruce Lefroy Centre, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia,Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Royal Children’s Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia,Corresponding author
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Park SB, Li T, Kiernan MC, Garg N, Wilson I, White R, Boggild M, McNabb A, Lee-Archer M, Taylor BV. Prevalence of chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy and multifocal motor neuropathy in two regions of Australia. Muscle Nerve 2022; 66:576-582. [PMID: 36054471 DOI: 10.1002/mus.27698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION/AIMS Immune-mediated neuropathies such as chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP) and multifocal motor neuropathy (MMN) produce significant disability and often require maintenance treatment. There is a paucity of epidemiological data on these conditions in Australia. METHODS We undertook a prevalence study of CIDP and MMN in North Queensland and Tasmania, coinciding with a national census. Diagnoses were classified against the diagnostic criteria of the European Federation of Neurological Societies/Peripheral Nerve Society. Case ascertainment was undertaken via multiple methods, including survey of local neurologists across public and private clinics, search of neurophysiology, neurology and hospital databases, search of admitted hospital database collections using ICD codes and through immunoglobulin therapy prescription lists. RESULTS The crude prevalence of CIDP was 5.00 per 100,000 (95% confidence interval [CI] 3.79-6.62) and the crude prevalence of MMN was 1.33 per 100,000 (95% CI 0.78-2.27). Prevalence was also investigated using National Blood Authority numbers of cases prescribed immunoglobulin therapy, indicating a CIDP prevalence of 5.72 per 100,000 (95% CI 4.41-7.43) and MMN prevalence of 1.94 per 100,000 (95% CI 1.24-3.03). There was no significant difference between these numbers and those calculated through access of patient records locally. There was no significant difference in prevalence between Tasmania and North Queensland for any category. DISCUSSION This study updates the prevalence of CIDP and MMN in Australia. Understanding the distribution of CIDP and MMN patients and their need for treatment is essential for future resource planning and to enable monitoring and coordination of therapies such as immunoglobulin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanna B Park
- Brain and Mind Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Tiffany Li
- Brain and Mind Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Matthew C Kiernan
- Brain and Mind Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Nidhi Garg
- Brain and Mind Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Ian Wilson
- Department of Neurology, Cairns Hospital, Cairns, Australia
| | - Richard White
- Department of Neurology, Townsville University Hospital, Townsville, Australia
| | - Michael Boggild
- Department of Neurology, Townsville University Hospital, Townsville, Australia
| | - Andrew McNabb
- Department of Neurology, Cairns Hospital, Cairns, Australia
| | - Matthew Lee-Archer
- Launceston General Hospital, Tasmanian Health Service, Launceston, Australia
| | - Bruce V Taylor
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
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Sharobeam A, Lam C, Garcia-Esperon C, Krause M, Wong AA, Lee A, Shah D, Lee-Archer M, Tan M, Gawarikar Y, Gilligan A, Parsons M, Yan B. Abstract 10: Recurrent Ischemic Infarcts And Hemorrhages On MRI Within 30 Days Of Anticoagulation Commencement For Ischemic Stroke: Preliminary Results From The Attune Registry. Stroke 2022. [DOI: 10.1161/str.53.suppl_1.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Introduction:
Anticoagulation reduces recurrent ischemic stroke based on clinical definitions in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). However, neuroimaging registries suggested a significant proportion developed ischemic lesions on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at 12 months follow up. The rate of early recurrent ischemic stroke identified by MRI remains unclear. ATTUNE (Atrial fibrillation in stroke - Utility of Neuroimaging Evaluation) is a prospective, multicentre study of clinical and radiological outcomes in patients commenced on anticoagulation after ischaemic stroke or TIA. We aimed to investigate the incidence of early ischemic stroke on MRI in this group of patients who were anticoagulated.
Aims/Methods:
We performed an interim analysis of the ATTUNE database to determine the proportion of patients with radiological evidence of infarction and haemorrhage on (MRI), one month after index ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA). MRIs performed at one month were analysed independently by two experienced neuroimage assessors and the number of new infarcts and haemorrhages determined for each patient.
Results:
A total of 216 patients were analysed. The median age was 74 (IQR 68-81). Anticoagulation was commenced a median of 4 days after index event (IQR 2-6). Twenty-eight patients had new infarcts on follow-up MRI (13%). Fifty-six had new haemorrhage on follow up MRI (26%). Of these, 41 patients had hemorrhagic transformation of the initial infarct and 15 had a remote haemorrhage.
Conclusion:
There is a high rate of recurrent ischemic lesions and haemorrhages on MRI in patients commenced on anticoagulation within 30 days of index stroke or TIA.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Andrew A Wong
- Royal Brisbane and Women's Hosp, Brisbane Qld, Australia
| | - Andrew Lee
- Flinders Univ and Med Cntr, Bedford Park, Australia
| | - Darshan Shah
- Dept of Neurology, Princess Alexandra Hosp, Brisbane, Australia
| | | | - Meng Tan
- Dept of Neurology, Gold Coast Univ Hosp, Southport, Australia
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Ng FC, Bice J, Rodda A, Lee-Archer M, Crompton DE. Adverse clinical outcomes after dabigatran reversal with idarucizumab to facilitate acute stroke thrombolysis. J Neurol 2017; 264:591-594. [PMID: 28168523 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-017-8410-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Revised: 01/30/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Felix C Ng
- Department of Neurology, Northern Health, Epping, Melbourne, VIC, 3076, Australia.
| | - James Bice
- Department of Neurology, Northern Health, Epping, Melbourne, VIC, 3076, Australia
| | - Anne Rodda
- Department of Neurology, Northern Health, Epping, Melbourne, VIC, 3076, Australia
| | - Matthew Lee-Archer
- Department of Neurology, Northern Health, Epping, Melbourne, VIC, 3076, Australia
| | - Douglas E Crompton
- Department of Neurology, Northern Health, Epping, Melbourne, VIC, 3076, Australia
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Parry-Jones AR, Di Napoli M, Goldstein JN, Schreuder FHBM, Tetri S, Tatlisumak T, Yan B, van Nieuwenhuizen KM, Dequatre-Ponchelle N, Lee-Archer M, Horstmann S, Wilson D, Pomero F, Masotti L, Lerpiniere C, Godoy DA, Cohen AS, Houben R, Al-Shahi Salman R, Pennati P, Fenoglio L, Werring D, Veltkamp R, Wood E, Dewey HM, Cordonnier C, Klijn CJM, Meligeni F, Davis SM, Huhtakangas J, Staals J, Rosand J, Meretoja A. Reversal strategies for vitamin K antagonists in acute intracerebral hemorrhage. Ann Neurol 2015; 78:54-62. [PMID: 25857223 PMCID: PMC4654243 DOI: 10.1002/ana.24416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2014] [Revised: 03/26/2015] [Accepted: 03/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Objective There is little evidence to guide treatment strategies for intracerebral hemorrhage on vitamin K antagonists (VKA‐ICH). Treatments utilized in clinical practice include fresh frozen plasma (FFP) and prothrombin complex concentrate (PCC). Our aim was to compare case fatality with different reversal strategies. Methods We pooled individual ICH patient data from 16 stroke registries in 9 countries (n = 10 282), of whom 1,797 (17%) were on VKA. After excluding 250 patients with international normalized ratio < 1.3 and/or missing data required for analysis, we compared all‐cause 30‐day case fatality using Cox regression. Results We included 1,547 patients treated with FFP (n = 377, 24%), PCC (n = 585, 38%), both (n = 131, 9%), or neither (n = 454, 29%). The crude case fatality and adjusted hazard ratio (HR) were highest with no reversal (61.7%, HR = 2.540, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.784–3.616, p < 0.001), followed by FFP alone (45.6%, HR = 1.344, 95% CI = 0.934–1.934, p = 0.112), then PCC alone (37.3%, HR = 1.445, 95% CI = 1.014–2.058, p = 0.041), compared to reversal with both FFP and PCC (27.8%, reference). Outcomes with PCC versus FFP were similar (HR = 1.075, 95% CI = 0.874–1.323, p = 0.492); 4‐factor PCC (n = 441) was associated with higher case fatality compared to 3‐factor PCC (n = 144, HR = 1.441, 95% CI = 1.041–1.995, p = 0.027). Interpretation The combination of FFP and PCC might be associated with the lowest case fatality in reversal of VKA‐ICH, and FFP may be equivalent to PCC. Randomized controlled trials with functional outcomes are needed to establish the most effective treatment. Ann Neurol 2015;78:54–62
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian R Parry-Jones
- University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Salford Royal National Health Service Foundation Trust, Salford, United Kingdom.,Greater Manchester Neurosciences Centre, Salford Royal National Health Service Foundation Trust, Salford, United Kingdom
| | - Mario Di Napoli
- Neurological Service, San Camillo de' Lellis General Hospital, Rieti, Italy.,Neurological Section, Center for Cardiovascular Medicine and Cerebrovascular Disease Prevention (SMDN), Sulmona, Italy
| | - Joshua N Goldstein
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Floris H B M Schreuder
- Department of Neurology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Sami Tetri
- Department of Neurology, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Turgut Tatlisumak
- Department of Neurology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Bernard Yan
- Department of Neurology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Australia
| | - Koen M van Nieuwenhuizen
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Rudolf Magnus Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Nelly Dequatre-Ponchelle
- Department of Neurology, University of Lille Nord de France (UDSL), Lille University Hospital Center, Lille, France
| | | | - Solveig Horstmann
- Department of Neurology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Fulvio Pomero
- Department of Internal Medicine, Santa Croce e Carle Hospital, Cuneo, Italy
| | - Luca Masotti
- Internal Medicine, Cecina Hospital, Cecina, Italy
| | - Christine Lerpiniere
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel Agustin Godoy
- Neurointensive Care Unit, Pasteur Sanatorium, Catamarca, Argentina.,Intensive Care Unit, San Juan Bautista Hospital, Catamarca, Argentina
| | - Abigail S Cohen
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Rik Houben
- Department of Neurology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | | | | | - Luigi Fenoglio
- Department of Internal Medicine, Santa Croce e Carle Hospital, Cuneo, Italy
| | | | - Roland Veltkamp
- Department of Neurology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Edith Wood
- Greater Manchester Neurosciences Centre, Salford Royal National Health Service Foundation Trust, Salford, United Kingdom
| | - Helen M Dewey
- Department of Neurology, Austin Hospital, Heidelberg, Australia
| | - Charlotte Cordonnier
- Department of Neurology, University of Lille Nord de France (UDSL), Lille University Hospital Center, Lille, France
| | - Catharina J M Klijn
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Rudolf Magnus Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Fabrizio Meligeni
- Department of Medical Emergency, San Camillo de' Lellis General Hospital, Rieti, Italy
| | - Stephen M Davis
- Department of Neurology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Australia.,Department of Medicine and Florey Institute, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Juha Huhtakangas
- Department of Neurology, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Julie Staals
- Department of Neurology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Jonathan Rosand
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Atte Meretoja
- Department of Neurology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Neurology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Australia.,Department of Medicine and Florey Institute, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
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