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Santicchia F, Tranquillo C, Wauters LA, Palme R, Panzeri M, Preatoni D, Bisi F, Martinoli A. Physiological stress response to urbanisation differs between native and invasive squirrel species. Sci Total Environ 2024; 922:171336. [PMID: 38423339 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Novel pressures derived from urbanisation can alter native habitats and ultimately impact wildlife. Coping with such human-driven changes might induce shifts in species phenotypic traits, such as physiological responses to anthropogenic stressors. Preadaptation to face those challenges has been suggested to favour settlement and spread of invasive alien species in urbanised areas which, consequently, might respond differently than ecologically similar native species to stressors posed by urbanisation. The activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and the subsequent release of glucocorticoids (GCs) has been suggested to mediate responses to anthropogenic disturbance in vertebrates. Furthermore, intraspecific competition, in conjunction with stressors related to urbanisation, might affect invasive and native species physiological stress responses differently. Using a parallel pseudo-experimental study system we measured faecal glucocorticoid metabolite (FGM) concentrations of the native Eurasian red squirrel and the invasive alien Eastern grey squirrel along a rural-urban gradient and in relation to conspecific density. The two species responded differently to challenges posed by the synergic effect of urbanisation and intraspecific competition. Association of FGMs and conspecific density in native red squirrels varied between rural and suburban sites, potentially depending on differential HPA axis responses. In urban sites, this relationship did not differ significantly from that in rural and suburban ones. Conversely, invasive grey squirrels' FGMs did not vary in relation to conspecific density, nor differed along the rural-urban gradient. Improving knowledge about native and competing invasive species' physiological responses to anthropogenic stressors can support conservation strategies in habitats altered by man. Our findings suggested that the invasive squirrels might be preadapted to cope with these challenges in urbanised areas, potentially increasing their success under the future global change scenario.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Santicchia
- Environment Analysis and Management Unit, Guido Tosi Research Group, Department of Theoretical and Applied Sciences, Università degli Studi dell'Insubria, via J. H. Dunant 3, 21100 Varese, Italy.
| | - Claudia Tranquillo
- Environment Analysis and Management Unit, Guido Tosi Research Group, Department of Theoretical and Applied Sciences, Università degli Studi dell'Insubria, via J. H. Dunant 3, 21100 Varese, Italy.
| | - Lucas A Wauters
- Environment Analysis and Management Unit, Guido Tosi Research Group, Department of Theoretical and Applied Sciences, Università degli Studi dell'Insubria, via J. H. Dunant 3, 21100 Varese, Italy; Evolutionary Ecology Group, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Campus Drie Eiken Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium.
| | - Rupert Palme
- Unit of Physiology, Pathophysiology and Experimental Endocrinology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Mattia Panzeri
- Environment Analysis and Management Unit, Guido Tosi Research Group, Department of Theoretical and Applied Sciences, Università degli Studi dell'Insubria, via J. H. Dunant 3, 21100 Varese, Italy
| | - Damiano Preatoni
- Environment Analysis and Management Unit, Guido Tosi Research Group, Department of Theoretical and Applied Sciences, Università degli Studi dell'Insubria, via J. H. Dunant 3, 21100 Varese, Italy.
| | - Francesco Bisi
- Environment Analysis and Management Unit, Guido Tosi Research Group, Department of Theoretical and Applied Sciences, Università degli Studi dell'Insubria, via J. H. Dunant 3, 21100 Varese, Italy.
| | - Adriano Martinoli
- Environment Analysis and Management Unit, Guido Tosi Research Group, Department of Theoretical and Applied Sciences, Università degli Studi dell'Insubria, via J. H. Dunant 3, 21100 Varese, Italy.
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Garolla A, Kiesswetter M, Angelini S, Cavalieri F, Foresta C, Panzeri M, Ferlin A. Communication of the diagnosis to Klinefelter subjects: an observational study on a key moment of the patient's life. J Endocrinol Invest 2024:10.1007/s40618-024-02302-9. [PMID: 38376732 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-024-02302-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Klinefelter syndrome (KS) is the most prevalent sex chromosome disorder among males. The communication of the KS diagnosis holds significant implications for the diagnosis's acceptance. Recently, the increased use of prenatal diagnostic procedures has raised the question of whether, when, and by whom information, once provided to parents, should be communicated to their children/adolescents. Currently, there is limited information on this topic. This study aims to investigate the most suitable timing, content, and healthcare professionals (HCPs) according to KS patients' suggestions for conveying the diagnosis, analyzing the impact of communicating the KS diagnosis on patients and their reception of the communication in real-life situations. Furthermore, research entails a comparison of the actual communication and the patients' preferred mode of communication. METHODS Self-reported interview data was collected from 196 adults diagnosed with KS. The interview was structured, consisting of 32 multiple-choice questions covering various areas related to diagnosis communication. RESULTS Most patients with Klinefelter syndrome reported that earlier communication would have been beneficial. Communication before the age of 18 and by parents increased the likelihood of overcoming negative consequences and relying on psychological support. CONCLUSION To mitigate the adverse effects of poorly timed and inadequately delivered communication, typically by a single person, it is advisable that such communication be carried out at the onset of adolescence by an interdisciplinary team of HCPs (including psychologists, geneticists, endocrinologists) and parents. The information provided should not solely concentrate on hormonal and fertility aspects, but also consider other factors such as psychological variables.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Garolla
- Andrology and Reproductive Medicine & Centre for Klinefelter Syndrome, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - M Kiesswetter
- Institute of Psychology, UMIT TIROL, University of Health Sciences and Technology, Hall in Tirol, Austria
| | - S Angelini
- Andrology and Reproductive Medicine & Centre for Klinefelter Syndrome, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - F Cavalieri
- Andrology and Reproductive Medicine & Centre for Klinefelter Syndrome, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - C Foresta
- Andrology and Reproductive Medicine & Centre for Klinefelter Syndrome, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - M Panzeri
- Department of Developmental Psychology and Socialisation, Padua University, Padua, Italy.
| | - A Ferlin
- Andrology and Reproductive Medicine & Centre for Klinefelter Syndrome, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
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Tortora C, Panzeri M. Linguistic validation of the Sex Fantasy Questionnaire into the Italian language. Sexologies 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sexol.2022.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Bravi C, Rosiello G, Baiamonte G, Rowe I, Nini A, Canibus D, Trevisani F, Colandrea G, Bertini R, Brembilla G, Panzeri M, De Cobelli F, Salonia A, Montorsi F, Capitanio U. The current role of renal tumour biopsy in the management of patients with suspected renal cancer: a prospective observational study. EUR UROL SUPPL 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/s2666-1683(20)35480-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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Mazzamuto MV, Panzeri M, Bisi F, Wauters LA, Preatoni D, Martinoli A. When management meets science: adaptive analysis for the optimization of the eradication of the Northern raccoon (Procyon lotor). Biol Invasions 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-020-02313-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThe EU Regulation no.1143/2014 on invasive species requires the EU Member States to respond promptly and efficiently in eradicating the invasive alien species listed as species of Union concern. The Northern raccoon (Procyon lotor) was introduced in Northern Italy along the river Adda and we carried out its eradication campaign between 2016 and 2019. We used an integrated approach of camera traps and live traps. A standardized approach to the camera trap survey (2904 camera trap-nights) revealed that the detectability of raccoons (0.27 ± 0.07 SD) increased in the proximity of the river and their occupancy (0.15 ± 0.09 SD) was higher in urban areas. These results allowed us to increase the trapping success whilst reducing the effort. During the captures, systematic collection of catch and effort data allowed to estimate population size (65 ± 7.8 raccoons) and thus to have a continuous update on how far the campaign was from the complete eradication of the species, allowing to adjust the trapping effort accordingly. We captured 69 raccoons (7279 cage trap nights) thanks to both systematic trapping and opportunistic activation of traps following stakeholders’ reports. Stakeholders supported the campaign and some of them played an important role in reporting sightings, signs, and allowing access to their private land. Camera trap data also allowed us to make a Rapid Eradication Assessment that estimated an eradication probability of 99% after 6 months without detections. We finally give indications for future control campaigns on the species to increase removal success, reducing the effort.
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Sini C, Mori M, Benedetti G, Panzeri M, Barbera M, Partelli S, Falconi M, De Cobelli F, Fiorino C. 297. Radiomic CT features of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors are robust against inter-observer delineation uncertainty. Phys Med 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmp.2018.04.306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Mazzamuto MV, Morandini M, Panzeri M, Wauters LA, Preatoni DG, Martinoli A. Space invaders: effects of invasive alien Pallas’s squirrel on home range and body mass of native red squirrel. Biol Invasions 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-017-1396-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Mazzamuto MV, Panzeri M, Wauters L, Preatoni D, Martinoli A. Knowledge, management and optimization: the use of live traps in control of non-native squirrels. MAMMALIA 2016. [DOI: 10.1515/mammalia-2015-0006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThis study identifies techniques to maximize trap efficiency and minimize trapping effort when using live traps to capture the invasive alien Pallas’s squirrel (
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Nanetti L, Ferruta A, Gellera C, Castaldo A, Panzeri M, Di Bella D, Nespolo C, Astori S, Mariotti C. N01 A 6-years experience of genetic counselling in Huntington disease (2006–2011): constant socio-demographic profile of at-risk individuals requesting genetic predictive test. J Neurol Psychiatry 2012. [DOI: 10.1136/jnnp-2012-303524.152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Nanetti L, Baratta S, Panzeri M, Tomasello C, Lovati C, Azzollini J, Gellera C, Di Bella D, Taroni F, Mariotti C. Novel and recurrent spastin mutations in a large series of SPG4 Italian families. Neurosci Lett 2012; 528:42-5. [PMID: 22960362 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2012.08.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2012] [Revised: 08/14/2012] [Accepted: 08/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hereditary spastic paraplegias (HSP) are heterogeneous neurodegenerative disorders, genetically classified according to the identified disease gene or locus. Clinically, HSP are distinguished in pure and complicated forms. Mutations in the spastin gene (SPAST) are responsible for SPG4 and account approximately for 50% of the dominantly inherited paraplegias with a pure HSP phenotype. METHODS Molecular screening of the SPAST gene allowed the identification of 31 Italian mutation carriers, from 19 unrelated families. Genetic testing was performed by direct sequencing and multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification. Subjects carrying SPAST mutations were retrospectively evaluated for clinical phenotype and disability score assessment. RESULTS We found 12 recurrent mutations, and 7 novel SPAST mutations. Twenty-eight patients exhibited a pure spastic paraplegia phenotype, while 3 subjects were asymptomatic mutation carriers. Four patients were sporadic cases. Age at onset ranged from 10 to 61 years. Disability score increased with age at examination and disease duration. Patients with onset >38 years presented a faster disease progression, and a higher disability functional index, than the patients with earlier onset (p<0.04). CONCLUSIONS Our study enlarges the number of pathogenic SPAST mutations, and confirms the association with a pure spastic paraplegia phenotype. Age at onset was highly variable and correlates with the rate of disease progression. Future longitudinal clinical studies are needed to confirm these observations.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Nanetti
- Unit of Genetics of Neurodegenerative and Metabolic Diseases, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico "Carlo Besta", Milan, Italy.
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Prodi E, Grisoli M, Panzeri M, Minati L, Fattori F, Erbetta A, Uziel G, D'Arrigo S, Tessa A, Ciano C, Santorelli FM, Savoiardo M, Mariotti C. Supratentorial and pontine MRI abnormalities characterize recessive spastic ataxia of Charlevoix-Saguenay. A comprehensive study of an Italian series. Eur J Neurol 2012; 20:138-46. [PMID: 22816526 DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-1331.2012.03815.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2012] [Accepted: 06/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The autosomal recessive spastic ataxia of Charlevoix-Saguenay (ARSACS) is an early-onset neurodegenerative disorder caused by mutations in the SACS gene. The disease, first described in Canadian families from Québec, is characterized by cerebellar ataxia, pyramidal tract involvement and peripheral neuropathy. METHODS Analysis of SACS gene allowed the identification of 14 patients with ARSACS from 13 unrelated Italian families. Clinical phenotype, gene mutations and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings were analysed. RESULTS We found 16 novel SACS gene mutations, including a large in-frame deletion. The age at onset was in infancy, but one patient presented the first symptoms at age 32. Progression of the disease was variable, and increased muscle tone was mostly recognized in later stages. Structural MRI showed atrophy of the superior cerebellar vermis, a bulky pons exhibiting T2-hypointense stripes, identified as the corticospinal tract (CST), thinning of the corpus callosum and a rim of T2-hyperintensity around the thalami in 100% of cases. The presence of iron or other paramagnetic substances was excluded. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) revealed grossly over-represented transverse pontine fibres (TPF), which prevented reconstruction of the CST at this level (100% of cases). In all patients, significant microstructural alterations were found in the supratentorial white matter of forceps, cingulum and superior longitudinal fasciculus. CONCLUSIONS Our findings further enlarge the genetic spectrum of SACS mutations and widen the study of clinical phenotype. MRI characteristics indicate that pontine changes and supratentorial abnormalities are diagnostic. The over-representation of TPF on DTI suggests a developmental component in the pathogenesis of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Prodi
- Department of Neuroradiology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
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Soliveri P, Mariotti C, Paridi D, Monza D, Tomasello C, Panzeri M, Taroni F, Albanese A, Girotti F. G07 Differences between Huntington's disease and spinocerebellar ataxia types 1 and 2 on cognitive and behavioural profile. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2010. [DOI: 10.1136/jnnp.2010.222646.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Mariotti C, Ferruta A, Gellera C, Nespolo C, Fancellu R, Genitrini S, Di Bella D, Panzeri M, Nanetti L, Tomasello C, Taroni F, Foresti G, Astori S. Predictive genetic tests in neurodegenerative disorders: a methodological approach integrating psychological counseling for at-risk individuals and referring clinicians. Eur Neurol 2010; 64:33-41. [PMID: 20588047 DOI: 10.1159/000315033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2010] [Accepted: 05/11/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The identification of the molecular basis of numerous hereditary neurological disorders allowed the feasibility of predictive genetic tests for at-risk family members. In agreement with international guidelines, we tested a protocol for a predictive test to optimize cooperation among specialists, well-being of participants, and organization of clinical activities. The psychiatrist/psychologist did not meet the at-risk subjects, but cooperated with the team, integrating psychological support for participants and clinicians. We enrolled 60 subjects at risk for Huntington disease, and 32 at risk for spinocerebellar ataxias. Seventy-two subjects (78%) continued the visit program; 55 (60%) received the genetic result, and 38 subjects (41%) completed the program. Participation and outcome were similar in both groups. Mean psychological scores were all below significant levels; however, the need for psychological support was recognized for 5 mutation carriers and a non-carrier. Our data provide a methodological example of a simple and safe procedure for a predictive test, and indicate that the clinical conference represents a good setting to handle psychosocial impact associated with disclosure of genetic results in hereditary late-onset disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Mariotti
- SOSD Genetics of Neurodegenerative and Metabolic Diseases, Fondazione IRCCS, Istituto Neurologico 'Carlo Besta', Milan, Italy.
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Sansone VA, Panzeri M, Montanari M, Apolone G, Gandossini S, Rose MR, Politano L, Solimene C, Siciliano G, Volpi L, Angelini C, Palmieri A, Toscano A, Musumeci O, Mongini T, Vercelli L, Massa R, Panico MB, Grandi M, Meola G. Italian validation of INQoL, a quality of life questionnaire for adults with muscle diseases. Eur J Neurol 2010; 17:1178-1187. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-1331.2010.02992.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- V. A. Sansone
- Department Neurology, University of Milan, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato
| | - M. Panzeri
- Department Neurology, University of Milan, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato
| | - M. Montanari
- Mario Negri Institute, Laboratory for Translational and Outcome Research, Department Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - G. Apolone
- Mario Negri Institute, Laboratory for Translational and Outcome Research, Department Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - S. Gandossini
- Department Neurology, University of Milan, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato
| | - M. R. Rose
- Department Neurology, Kings College, University of London, London, UK
| | - L. Politano
- Department of Cardiomyology and Clinical Genetic, University of Naples, Naples
| | - C. Solimene
- Department of Cardiomyology and Clinical Genetic, University of Naples, Naples
| | - G. Siciliano
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Pisa, Pisa
| | - L. Volpi
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Pisa, Pisa
| | - C. Angelini
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Padua, Padua
| | - A. Palmieri
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Padua, Padua
| | - A. Toscano
- Neurological and Neurosurgery Institute, University of Messina, Messina
| | - O. Musumeci
- Neurological and Neurosurgery Institute, University of Messina, Messina
| | - T. Mongini
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Turin, Turin
| | - L. Vercelli
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Turin, Turin
| | - R. Massa
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Tor Vergata and Fond IRCCS S Lucia, Rome
| | - M. B. Panico
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Tor Vergata and Fond IRCCS S Lucia, Rome
| | - M. Grandi
- Respiratory Physiopathology, Costa Masnaga, Como, Italy
| | - G. Meola
- Department Neurology, University of Milan, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato
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Sansone VA, De Ambroggi G, Zanolini A, Panzeri M, Sardanelli F, Cappato R, Meola G, De Ambroggi L. Long-term follow-up free of ventricular fibrillation recurrence after resuscitated cardiac arrest in a myotonic dystrophy type 1 patient. Europace 2009; 11:1243-4. [DOI: 10.1093/europace/eup155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Panzeri M, Dèttore D, Altoe G, Zanella F, Baldetti M, Janssen E. T01-O-14 Factor structure of the Italian Sexual Inhibition/Excitation (SIS/SES) scales. Sexologies 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/s1158-1360(08)72664-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Panzeri M, Dona M, Ronconi L, Optale G. T01-O-13 The Brief Index of Sexual Functioning for Women (BISF-W): validation on an Italian sample. Sexologies 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/s1158-1360(08)72663-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Raoli V, Panzeri M. T01-P-07 The Brief Index of Sexual Functioning for Men (BISF-M): validation on an Italian sample. Sexologies 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/s1158-1360(08)72676-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Primary periodic paralyses are rare inherited muscle diseases characterised by episodes of flaccid weakness affecting one or more limbs, lasting several hours to several days, caused by mutations in skeletal muscle channel genes. OBJECTIVES The objective of this review was to systematically review treatment of periodic paralyses. SEARCH STRATEGY We searched the Cochrane Neuromuscular Disease Group Trials Register, MEDLINE (from January 1966 to July 2007), and EMBASE (from January 1980 to July 2007) and any other available international medical library sources from the University of Milan for randomised trials. SELECTION CRITERIA We included randomised (including cross-over studies) and quasi-randomised trials in participants with primary periodic paralyses, in which any form of treatment, including physical therapy and alternative therapies, was compared to placebo or another treatment. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Our primary outcome measure was the change in attack severity or frequency by eight weeks from the start of treatment. Our secondary outcome measures were: change in muscle strength and mass; change in Quality of Life, using Short Form 36 (SF36) or similar; preference of treatment strategy; adverse effects at eight weeks. MAIN RESULTS Three studies met our inclusion criteria. In one study dichlorphenamide (DCP) vs placebo was tested in two groups of participants: 42 with hypokalemic periodic paralysis (HypoPP) and 31 with hyperkalemic periodic paralysis (HyperPP), based on clinical criteria. Thirty-four of 42 participants with hypokalemic periodic paralysis completed both treatment phases. For the 34 participants having attack rate data for both treatment phases, the mean improvement in attack rate (P = 0.02) and severity-weighted attack rate (P = 0.01) on DCP relative to placebo were statistically significant. Fifteen preferred DCP, three placebo and six their baseline medication. Twenty-four of 31 participants with hyperkalemic periodic paralysis completed both treatment phases: for the 16 participants who had attack rate data for both treatment phases, the mean improvement in attack rate (P = 0.006) and in severity-weighted attack rate (P = 0.02) on DCP relative to placebo were significant. Fifteen preferred DCP, one placebo and five their baseline medication. Acetazolamide proved to improve muscle strength in eight participants with HypoPP in one other study and pinacidil, a potassium channel opener, also improved muscle strength in 2/4 participants with HypoPP in a third study. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS The largest included study that met our inclusion criteria suggested that DCP was effective in the prevention of episodic weakness in both hypokalemic and hyperkalemic periodic paralyses. The other two studies provide some evidence that either acetazolamide or pinacidil may improve muscle strength. However we still lack sufficient evidence to provide full guidelines for the treatment of people with periodic paralysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Sansone
- University of Milan, Department of Neurology, Istituto Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, Milan, Italy, 20097.
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Abstract
Three aphasic patients are described whose speech contains invented word-forms which are legal combinations of meaningful parts of real words, like "fratellismo" (brother + ness) instead of "fratellanza" (brother + hood), and from combinations of meaningless and meaningful parts, like "terness + ico" (where "ico" is a real adjectival ending). These phenomena are previously unreported. On the assumption that brain-damaged patients use residual rather than novel abilities, these forms, along with the patients' predominant use of real compound words, indicate that speakers have a procedure for composing polymorphemic words online, but this is employed just when trying to find a whole word fails.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Semenza
- Università degli Studi di Padova, Dipartimento di Psicologia Generale, Italy
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Abstract
Hesitation analysis of spontaneous production from three neologistic jargonaphasics is described. The results appear to differ from patient to patient as far as the relative proportion in the number and length of pauses before correct words and mistakes is concerned. Generalization of the conclusion beyond single cases may not therefore be legitimate.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Panzeri
- Università degli Studi di Padova, Dipartimento di Psicologia Generale, Padova, Italy
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