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Hadler T, Ammann C, Wetzl J, Viezzer D, Gröschel J, Fenski M, Abazi E, Lange S, Hennemuth A, Schulz-Menger J. Lazy Luna: Extendible software for multilevel reader comparison in cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging. Comput Methods Programs Biomed 2023; 238:107615. [PMID: 37257373 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmpb.2023.107615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance (CMR) imaging is a growing field with increasing diagnostic utility in clinical routine. Quantitative diagnostic parameters are typically calculated based on contours or points provided by readers, e.g. natural intelligences (NI) such as clinicians or researchers, and artificial intelligences (AI). As clinical applications multiply, evaluating the precision and reproducibility of quantitative parameters becomes increasingly important. Although segmentation challenges for AIs and guidelines for clinicians provide quality assessments and regulation, the methods ought to be combined and streamlined for clinical applications. The goal of the developed software, Lazy Luna (LL), is to offer a flexible evaluation tool that is readily extendible to new sequences and scientific endeavours. METHODS An interface was designed for LL, which allows for comparing annotated CMR images. Geometric objects ensure precise calculations of metric values and clinical results regardless of whether annotations originate from AIs or NIs. A graphical user interface (GUI) is provided to make the software available to non-programmers. The GUI allows for an interactive inspection of image datasets as well as implementing tracing procedures, which follow statistical reader differences in clinical results to their origins in individual image contours. The backend software builds on a set of meta-classes, which can be extended to new imaging sequences and clinical parameters. Following an agile development procedure with clinical feedback allows for a quick implementation of new classes, figures and tables for evaluation. RESULTS Two application cases present LL's extendibility to clinical evaluation and AI development contexts. The first concerns T1 parametric mapping images segmented by two expert readers. Quantitative result differences are traced to reveal typical segmentation dissimilarities from which these differences originate. The meta-classes are extended to this new application scenario. The second applies to the open source Late Gadolinium Enhancement (LGE) quantification challenge for AI developers "Emidec", which illustrates LL's usability as open source software. CONCLUSION The presented software Lazy Luna allows for an automated multilevel comparison of readers as well as identifying qualitative reasons for statistical reader differences. The open source software LL can be extended to new application cases in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Hadler
- Working Group on CMR, Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a cooperation between the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association and Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Clemens Ammann
- Working Group on CMR, Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a cooperation between the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association and Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Darian Viezzer
- Working Group on CMR, Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a cooperation between the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association and Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jan Gröschel
- Working Group on CMR, Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a cooperation between the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association and Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | - Maximilian Fenski
- Working Group on CMR, Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a cooperation between the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association and Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Endri Abazi
- Working Group on CMR, Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a cooperation between the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association and Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Steffen Lange
- Department of Computer Sciences, Hochschule Darmstadt - University of Applied Sciences, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Anja Hennemuth
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Institute of Cardiovascular Computer-assisted Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Fraunhofer MEVIS, Bremen, Germany
| | - Jeanette Schulz-Menger
- Working Group on CMR, Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a cooperation between the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association and Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Siemens Healthineers, Erlangen, Germany; Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany; Department of Cardiology and Nephrology, HELIOS Hospital Berlin-Buch, Berlin, Germany
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Viezzer D, Hadler T, Ammann C, Blaszczyk E, Fenski M, Grandy TH, Wetzl J, Lange S, Schulz-Menger J. Introduction of a cascaded segmentation pipeline for parametric T1 mapping in cardiovascular magnetic resonance to improve segmentation performance. Sci Rep 2023; 13:2103. [PMID: 36746989 PMCID: PMC9902617 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-28975-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The manual and often time-consuming segmentation of the myocardium in cardiovascular magnetic resonance is increasingly automated using convolutional neural networks (CNNs). This study proposes a cascaded segmentation (CASEG) approach to improve automatic image segmentation quality. First, an object detection algorithm predicts a bounding box (BB) for the left ventricular myocardium whose 1.5 times enlargement defines the region of interest (ROI). Then, the ROI image section is fed into a U-Net based segmentation. Two CASEG variants were evaluated: one using the ROI cropped image solely (cropU) and the other using a 2-channel-image additionally containing the original BB image section (crinU). Both were compared to a classical U-Net segmentation (refU). All networks share the same hyperparameters and were tested on basal and midventricular slices of native and contrast enhanced (CE) MOLLI T1 maps. Dice Similarity Coefficient improved significantly (p < 0.05) in cropU and crinU compared to refU (81.06%, 81.22%, 72.79% for native and 80.70%, 79.18%, 71.41% for CE data), while no significant improvement (p < 0.05) was achieved in the mean absolute error of the T1 time (11.94 ms, 12.45 ms, 14.22 ms for native and 5.32 ms, 6.07 ms, 5.89 ms for CE data). In conclusion, CASEG provides an improved geometric concordance but needs further improvement in the quantitative outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darian Viezzer
- ECRC Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Lindenberger Weg 80, 13125, Berlin, Germany.,Working Group on Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance, Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a joint cooperation between the Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin and the Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Hadler
- ECRC Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Lindenberger Weg 80, 13125, Berlin, Germany.,Working Group on Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance, Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a joint cooperation between the Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin and the Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Clemens Ammann
- ECRC Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Lindenberger Weg 80, 13125, Berlin, Germany.,Working Group on Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance, Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a joint cooperation between the Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin and the Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Edyta Blaszczyk
- ECRC Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Lindenberger Weg 80, 13125, Berlin, Germany.,Working Group on Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance, Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a joint cooperation between the Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin and the Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Maximilian Fenski
- ECRC Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Lindenberger Weg 80, 13125, Berlin, Germany.,Working Group on Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance, Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a joint cooperation between the Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin and the Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Cardiology and Nephrology, Helios Hospital Berlin-Buch, Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Hiroshi Grandy
- ECRC Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Lindenberger Weg 80, 13125, Berlin, Germany.,Working Group on Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance, Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a joint cooperation between the Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin and the Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Cardiology and Nephrology, Helios Hospital Berlin-Buch, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jens Wetzl
- Siemens Healthcare GmbH, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Steffen Lange
- Faculty for Computer Sciences, Hochschule Darmstadt (University of Applied Sciences), Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Jeanette Schulz-Menger
- ECRC Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Lindenberger Weg 80, 13125, Berlin, Germany. .,Working Group on Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance, Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a joint cooperation between the Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin and the Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany. .,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany. .,Department of Cardiology and Nephrology, Helios Hospital Berlin-Buch, Berlin, Germany.
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Fenski M, Grandy TH, Viezzer D, Kertusha S, Schmidt M, Forman C, Schulz-Menger J. Isotropic 3D compressed sensing (CS) based sequence is comparable to 2D-LGE in left ventricular scar quantification in different disease entities. Int J Cardiovasc Imaging 2022; 38:1837-1850. [PMID: 35243574 PMCID: PMC10509092 DOI: 10.1007/s10554-022-02571-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The goal of this study was to evaluate a three-dimensional compressed sensing (3D-CS) LGE prototype sequence for the detection and quantification of myocardial fibrosis in patients with chronic myocardial infarction (CMI) and myocarditis (MYC) compared with a 2D-LGE standard. Patients with left-ventricular LGE due to CMI (n = 33) or MYC (n = 20) were prospectively recruited. 2D-LGE and 3D-CS images were acquired in random order at 1.5 Tesla. 3D-CS short axis (SAX) images were reconstructed corresponding to 2D SAX images. LGE was quantitatively assessed on patient and segment level using semi-automated threshold methods. Image quality (4-point scoring system), Contrast-ratio (CR) and acquisition times were compared. There was no significant difference between 2D and 3D sequences regarding global LGE (%) (CMI [2D-LGE: 11.4 ± 7.5; 3D-LGE: 11.5 ± 8.5; p = 0.99]; MYC [2D-LGE: 27.0 ± 15.7; 3D-LGE: 26.2 ± 13.1; p = 0.70]) and segmental LGE-extent (p = 0.63). 3D-CS identified papillary infarction in 5 cases which was not present in 2D images. 2D-LGE acquisition time was shorter (2D: median: 06:59 min [IQR: 05:51-08:18]; 3D: 14:48 min [12:45-16:57]). 3D-CS obtained better quality scores (2D: 2.06 ± 0.56 vs. 3D: 2.29 ± 0.61). CR did not differ (p = 0.63) between basal and apical regions in 3D-CS images but decreased significantly in 2D apical images (CR basal: 2D: 0.77 ± 0.11, 3D: 0.59 ± 0.10; CR apical: 2D: 0.64 ± 0.17, 3D: 0.53 ± 0.11). 3D-LGE shows high congruency with standard LGE and allows better identification of small lesions. However, the current 3D-CS LGE sequence did not provide PSIR reconstruction and acquisition time was longer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Fenski
- Working Group Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance, Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Charité Medical Faculty, Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Helios Klinikum Berlin Buch, Department of Cardiology and Nephrology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Kardiologie - ECRC, Lindenberger Weg 80, 13125, Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Hiroshi Grandy
- Working Group Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance, Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Charité Medical Faculty, Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Helios Klinikum Berlin Buch, Department of Cardiology and Nephrology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Kardiologie - ECRC, Lindenberger Weg 80, 13125, Berlin, Germany
| | - Darian Viezzer
- Working Group Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance, Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Charité Medical Faculty, Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Helios Klinikum Berlin Buch, Department of Cardiology and Nephrology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Kardiologie - ECRC, Lindenberger Weg 80, 13125, Berlin, Germany
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stela Kertusha
- Working Group Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance, Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Charité Medical Faculty, Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Helios Klinikum Berlin Buch, Department of Cardiology and Nephrology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Kardiologie - ECRC, Lindenberger Weg 80, 13125, Berlin, Germany
| | | | | | - Jeanette Schulz-Menger
- Working Group Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance, Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Charité Medical Faculty, Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Helios Klinikum Berlin Buch, Department of Cardiology and Nephrology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Kardiologie - ECRC, Lindenberger Weg 80, 13125, Berlin, Germany.
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
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Gröschel J, Bhoyroo Y, Blaszczyk E, Trauzeddel RF, Viezzer D, Saad H, Fenski M, Schulz-Menger J. Different Impacts on the Heart After COVID-19 Infection and Vaccination: Insights From Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:916922. [PMID: 35911510 PMCID: PMC9329612 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.916922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Myocarditis-like findings after COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) infection and vaccination were reported by applying cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR). These results are very heterogenous and dependent on several factors such as hospital admission or outpatient treatment, timing of CMR, and symptomatic load. This retrospective study aimed to identify differences in myocardial damage in patients with persistent symptoms both after COVID-19 infection and vaccine by applying CMR. Materials and Methods This study entails a retrospective analysis of consecutive patients referred for CMR between August 2020 and November 2021 with persistent symptoms after COVID-19 infection or vaccination. Patients were compared to healthy controls (HC). All patients underwent a CMR examination in a 1.5-T scanner with a scan protocol including: cine imaging for biventricular function and strain assessment using feature tracking, T2 mapping for the quantification of edema, and T1 mapping for diffuse fibrosis and late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) for the detection and quantification of focal fibrosis. Patients were divided into a subacute COVID-19 (sCov) group with symptoms lasting < 12 weeks, post-COVID-19 (pCov) group with symptoms > 12 weeks, and patients after COVID-19 vaccination (CovVac). Results A total of 162 patients were recruited of whom 141 were included for analysis. The median age in years (interquartile range (IQR)) of the entire cohort was 45 (37–56) which included 83 women and 58 men. Subgroups were as follows (total patients per subgroup, median age in years (IQR), main gender): 34 sCov, 43 (37–52), 19 women; 63 pCov, 52 (39–58), 43 women; 44 CovVac, 43 (32–56), 23 men; 44 HC (41 (28–52), 24 women). The biventricular function was preserved and revealed no differences between the groups. No active inflammation was detected by T2 mapping. Global T1 values were higher in pCov in comparison with HC (median (IQR) in ms: pCov 1002ms (981–1023) vs. HC 987ms (963–1009; p = 0.005) with other parings revealing no differences. In 49/141 (34.6%) of patients, focal fibrosis was detectable with the majority having a non-ischemic pattern (43/141; 30.4%; patients) with the subgroups after infection having more often a subepicardial pattern compared with CovVac (total (% of group): sCov: 7/34(21%); pCov 13/63(21%); CovVac 2/44(5%); p = 0.04). Conclusion Patients after COVID-19 infection showed more focal fibrosis in comparison with patients after COVID-19 vaccination without alterations in the biventricular function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Gröschel
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Working Group on Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance, Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Cardiology and Nephrology, HELIOS Hospital Berlin-Buch, Berlin, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Yashraj Bhoyroo
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Working Group on Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance, Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Cardiology and Nephrology, HELIOS Hospital Berlin-Buch, Berlin, Germany
| | - Edyta Blaszczyk
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Working Group on Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance, Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Cardiology and Nephrology, HELIOS Hospital Berlin-Buch, Berlin, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ralf Felix Trauzeddel
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Working Group on Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance, Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Cardiology and Nephrology, HELIOS Hospital Berlin-Buch, Berlin, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin und Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Darian Viezzer
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Working Group on Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance, Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Cardiology and Nephrology, HELIOS Hospital Berlin-Buch, Berlin, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hadil Saad
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Working Group on Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance, Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Cardiology and Nephrology, HELIOS Hospital Berlin-Buch, Berlin, Germany
| | - Maximilian Fenski
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Working Group on Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance, Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Cardiology and Nephrology, HELIOS Hospital Berlin-Buch, Berlin, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jeanette Schulz-Menger
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Working Group on Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance, Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Cardiology and Nephrology, HELIOS Hospital Berlin-Buch, Berlin, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- *Correspondence: Jeanette Schulz-Menger,
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Petersen SE, Friedrich MG, Leiner T, Elias MD, Ferreira VM, Fenski M, Flamm SD, Fogel M, Garg R, Halushka MK, Hays AG, Kawel-Boehm N, Kramer CM, Nagel E, Ntusi NA, Ostenfeld E, Pennell DJ, Raisi-Estabragh Z, Reeder SB, Rochitte CE, Starekova J, Suchá D, Tao Q, Schulz-Menger J, Bluemke DA. Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance for Patients With COVID-19. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging 2022; 15:685-699. [PMID: 34656482 PMCID: PMC8514168 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmg.2021.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
COVID-19 is associated with myocardial injury caused by ischemia, inflammation, or myocarditis. Cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) is the noninvasive reference standard for cardiac function, structure, and tissue composition. CMR is a potentially valuable diagnostic tool in patients with COVID-19 presenting with myocardial injury and evidence of cardiac dysfunction. Although COVID-19-related myocarditis is likely infrequent, COVID-19-related cardiovascular histopathology findings have been reported in up to 48% of patients, raising the concern for long-term myocardial injury. Studies to date report CMR abnormalities in 26% to 60% of hospitalized patients who have recovered from COVID-19, including functional impairment, myocardial tissue abnormalities, late gadolinium enhancement, or pericardial abnormalities. In athletes post-COVID-19, CMR has detected myocarditis-like abnormalities. In children, multisystem inflammatory syndrome may occur 2 to 6 weeks after infection; associated myocarditis and coronary artery aneurysms are evaluable by CMR. At this time, our understanding of COVID-19-related cardiovascular involvement is incomplete, and multiple studies are planned to evaluate patients with COVID-19 using CMR. In this review, we summarize existing studies of CMR for patients with COVID-19 and present ongoing research. We also provide recommendations for clinical use of CMR for patients with acute symptoms or who are recovering from COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steffen E. Petersen
- William Harvey Research Institute, National Institute for Health Research Barts Biomedical Research Centre, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, United Kingdom,Barts Heart Centre, St Bartholomew’s Hospital, Barts Health National Health Service Trust, West Smithfield, London, United Kingdom
| | - Matthias G. Friedrich
- Department of Medicine and Diagnostic Radiology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Tim Leiner
- University Medical Center Utrecht, Department of Radiology, Utrecht, the Netherlands,Mayo Clinic, Department of Radiology, Rochester, Minnestoa, USA
| | - Matthew D. Elias
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Vanessa M. Ferreira
- Oxford Centre for Clinical Magnetic Resonance Research, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, Oxford National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Maximilian Fenski
- Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Working Group on Cardiac Magnetic Resonance, Experimental Clinical Research Centre, Berlin, Germany,Helios Klinikum Berlin Buch, Department of Cardiology and Nephrology, Berlin, Germany,Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislaufforschung-Partnersite-Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Scott D. Flamm
- Cardiovascular Imaging, Imaging and Heart, Vascular, and Thoracic Institutes, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Mark Fogel
- Department of Pediatrics (Cardiology) and Radiology, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA,Department of Radiology, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ria Garg
- Department of Medicine and Diagnostic Radiology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Marc K. Halushka
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore Maryland, USA
| | - Allison G. Hays
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Nadine Kawel-Boehm
- Department of Radiology, Kantonsspital Graubuenden, Chur, Switzerland,Institute for Diagnostic Interventional Pediatric Radiology, Inselspital, Bern, University Hospital of Bern, Switzerland
| | - Christopher M. Kramer
- Cardiovascular Division, Departments of Medicine and Radiology and Medical Imaging, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Eike Nagel
- Institute for Experimental and Translational Cardiovascular Imaging, DZHK Center for Cardiovascular Imaging, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt AM Main, Germany
| | - Ntobeko A.B. Ntusi
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa,Groote Schuur Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa,Hatter Institute for Cardiovascular Research in Africa, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Ellen Ostenfeld
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Clinical Physiology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden,Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Dudley J. Pennell
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Unit, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Zahra Raisi-Estabragh
- William Harvey Research Institute, National Institute for Health Research Barts Biomedical Research Centre, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, United Kingdom,Barts Heart Centre, St Bartholomew’s Hospital, Barts Health National Health Service Trust, West Smithfield, London, United Kingdom
| | - Scott B. Reeder
- Departments of Radiology, Medical Physics, Biomedical Engineering, Medicine, and Emergency Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Carlos E. Rochitte
- Heart Institute, InCor, University of São Paulo Medical School and Heart Hospital, Hospital do Coração, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jitka Starekova
- Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Dominika Suchá
- University Medical Center Utrecht, Department of Radiology, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Qian Tao
- Department of Imaging Physics, Delft University of Technology, Delft, the Netherlands,Division of Imaging Processing, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Jeanette Schulz-Menger
- Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Working Group on Cardiac Magnetic Resonance, Experimental Clinical Research Centre, Berlin, Germany,Helios Klinikum Berlin Buch, Department of Cardiology and Nephrology, Berlin, Germany,Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislaufforschung-Partnersite-Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - David A. Bluemke
- Departments of Radiology and Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA,Address for correspondence: Dr David A. Bluemke, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, 600 Highland Drive, Madison, Wisconsin 53792, USA
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Heeger CH, Fenski M, Von Wedel J, Kuck KH, Bergmann MW. Endothelialisation of 3rd generation orsiro hybrid drug eluting stents at 6 months follow-up: analysis by optical coherence tomography. Eur Heart J 2013. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/eht309.p3964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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