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Binia A, Siegwald L, Sultana S, Shevlyakova M, Lefebvre G, Foata F, Combremont S, Charpagne A, Vidal K, Sprenger N, Rahman M, Palleja A, Eklund AC, Nielsen HB, Brüssow H, Sarker SA, Sakwinska O. The Influence of FUT2 and FUT3 Polymorphisms and Nasopharyngeal Microbiome on Respiratory Infections in Breastfed Bangladeshi Infants from the Microbiota and Health Study. mSphere 2021; 6:e0068621. [PMID: 34756056 PMCID: PMC8579893 DOI: 10.1128/msphere.00686-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute respiratory infections (ARIs) are one of the most common causes of morbidity and mortality in young children. The aim of our study was to examine whether variation in maternal FUT2 (α1,2-fucosyltransferase 2) and FUT3 (α1,3/4-fucosyltransferase 3) genes, which shape fucosylated human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) in breast milk, are associated with the occurrence of ARIs in breastfed infants as well as the influence of the nasopharyngeal microbiome on ARI risk. Occurrences of ARIs were prospectively recorded in a cohort of 240 breastfed Bangladeshi infants from birth to 2 years. Secretor and Lewis status was established by sequencing of FUT2/3 genes. The nasopharyngeal microbiome was characterized by shotgun metagenomics, complemented by specific detection of respiratory pathogens; 88.6% of mothers and 91% of infants were identified as secretors. Maternal secretor status was associated with reduced ARI incidence among these infants in the period from birth to 6 months (incidence rate ratio [IRR], 0.66; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.47 to 0.94; P = 0.020), but not at later time periods. The nasopharyngeal microbiome, despite precise characterization to the species level, was not predictive of subsequent ARIs. The observed risk reduction of ARIs among infants of secretor mothers during the predominant breastfeeding period is consistent with the hypothesis that fucosylated oligosaccharides in human milk contribute to protection against respiratory infections. However, we found no evidence that modulation of the nasopharyngeal microbiome influenced ARI risk. IMPORTANCE The observed risk reduction of acute respiratory infections (ARIs) among infants of secretor mothers during the predominant breastfeeding period is consistent with the hypothesis that fucosylated oligosaccharides in human milk contribute to protection against respiratory infections. Respiratory pathogens were only weak modulators of risk, and the nasopharyngeal microbiome did not influence ARI risk, suggesting that the associated protective effects of human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) are not conveyed via changes in the nasopharyngeal microbiome. Our observations add to the evidence for a role of fucosylated HMOs in protection against respiratory infections in exclusively or predominantly breastfed infants in low-resource settings. There is no indication that the nasopharyngeal microbiome substantially modulates the risk of subsequent mild ARIs. Larger studies are needed to provide mechanistic insights on links between secretor status, HMOs, and risk of respiratory infections.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Shamima Sultana
- International Centre for Diarrheal Diseases Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Mahbubar Rahman
- International Centre for Diarrheal Diseases Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | | | | | | | | | - Shafiqul Alam Sarker
- International Centre for Diarrheal Diseases Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
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2
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Chang CQ, Karagounis LG, Yu YX, Yin J, Donato-Capel L, Shevlyakova M, Beaumont M, Huang HS, Offord EA, Horcajada M. Evolution of Mobility Function in Chinese Elders during the 6 Months of Nutritional Supplementation and Age-adapted Physical Activities: A Feasibility Study. Biomed Environ Sci 2021; 34:900-904. [PMID: 34955150 DOI: 10.3967/bes2021.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Cui Qing Chang
- Institute of Sports Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Leonidas G Karagounis
- Nestlé Health Science, Translation Research, Epalinges, Switzerland;University of Bern, Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine (ISPM), Bern, CH
| | - Ying Xiang Yu
- Institute of Sports Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Jing Yin
- Nestlé Research Center, Beijing 100095, China
| | | | | | | | - Hong Shi Huang
- Institute of Sports Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
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3
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Vidal K, Sultana S, Patron AP, Salvi I, Shevlyakova M, Foata F, Rahman M, Deeba IM, Brüssow H, Ahmed T, Sakwinska O, Sarker SA. Changing Epidemiology of Acute Respiratory Infections in Under-Two Children in Dhaka, Bangladesh. Front Pediatr 2021; 9:728382. [PMID: 35083183 PMCID: PMC8785242 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2021.728382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Risk factors for acute respiratory infections (ARIs) in community settings are not fully understood, especially in low-income countries. We examined the incidence and risk factors associated with ARIs in under-two children from the Microbiota and Health study. Methods: Children from a peri-urban area of Dhaka (Bangladesh) were followed from birth to 2 years of age by both active surveillance of ARIs and regular scheduled visits. Nasopharyngeal samples were collected during scheduled visits for detection of bacterial facultative respiratory pathogens. Information on socioeconomic, environmental, and household conditions, and mother and child characteristics were collected. A hierarchical modeling approach was used to identify proximate determinants of ARIs. Results: Of 267 infants, 87.3% experienced at least one ARI episode during the first 2 years of life. The peak incidence of ARIs was 330 infections per 100 infant-years and occurred between 2 and 4 months of age. Season was the main risk factor (rainy monsoon season, incidence rate ratio [IRR] 2.43 [1.92-3.07]; cool dry winter, IRR 2.10 [1.65-2.67] compared with hot dry summer) in the first 2 years of life. In addition, during the first 6 months of life, young maternal age (<22 years; IRR 1.34 [1.01-1.77]) and low birth weight (<2,500 g; IRR 1.39 [1.03-1.89]) were associated with higher ARI incidence. Conclusions: Reminiscent of industrialized settings, cool rainy season rather than socioeconomic and hygiene conditions was a major risk factor for ARIs in peri-urban Bangladesh. Understanding the causal links between seasonally variable factors such as temperature, humidity, crowding, diet, and ARIs will inform prevention measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karine Vidal
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Nestlé Research, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Shamima Sultana
- International Center for Diarrheal Disease Research (icddr, b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | | | - Irene Salvi
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Nestlé Research, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Maya Shevlyakova
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Nestlé Research, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Francis Foata
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Nestlé Research, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Mahbubur Rahman
- International Center for Diarrheal Disease Research (icddr, b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Iztiba Mallik Deeba
- International Center for Diarrheal Disease Research (icddr, b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Harald Brüssow
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Nestlé Research, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Department of Biosystems, Division of Animal and Health Engineering, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Tahmeed Ahmed
- International Center for Diarrheal Disease Research (icddr, b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Olga Sakwinska
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Nestlé Research, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Shafiqul Alam Sarker
- International Center for Diarrheal Disease Research (icddr, b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
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4
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Cuenoud B, Ipek Ö, Shevlyakova M, Beaumont M, Cunnane SC, Gruetter R, Xin L. Brain NAD Is Associated With ATP Energy Production and Membrane Phospholipid Turnover in Humans. Front Aging Neurosci 2020; 12:609517. [PMID: 33390929 PMCID: PMC7772416 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2020.609517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The brain requires a large amount of energy, mostly derived from the metabolism of glucose, which decreases substantially with age and neurological diseases. While mounting evidence in model organisms illustrates the central role of brain nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) for maintaining energy homeostasis, similar data are sparse in humans. This study explores the correlations between brain NAD, energy production and membrane phospholipid metabolism by 31-phosphorous magnetic resonance spectroscopy (31P-MRS) across 50 healthy participants including a young (mean age 27.1-year-old) and middle-aged (mean age 56.4-year-old) group. The analysis revealed that brain NAD level and NAD+/NADH redox ratio were positively associated with ATP level and the rate of energy production, respectively. Moreover, a metabolic network linking NAD with membrane phospholipid metabolism, energy production, and aging was identified. An inverted trend between age and NAD level was detected. These results pave the way for the use of 31P-MRS as a powerful non-invasive tool to support the development of new therapeutic interventions targeting NAD associated phospho-metabolic pathways in brain aging and neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Özlem Ipek
- School of Biomedical Imaging & Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Maya Shevlyakova
- Clinical Development Unit, Nestlé Research Center, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Maurice Beaumont
- Clinical Development Unit, Nestlé Research Center, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Stephen C Cunnane
- Department of Medicine, Université de Sherbrooke and Research Center on Aging, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Rolf Gruetter
- Laboratory for Functional and Metabolic Imaging, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Lijing Xin
- Center for Biomedical Imaging, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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Lefebvre G, Shevlyakova M, Charpagne A, Marquis J, Vogel M, Kirsten T, Kiess W, Austin S, Sprenger N, Binia A. Time of Lactation and Maternal Fucosyltransferase Genetic Polymorphisms Determine the Variability in Human Milk Oligosaccharides. Front Nutr 2020; 7:574459. [PMID: 33195368 PMCID: PMC7658960 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2020.574459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) vary among mothers and genetic factors contribute to this variability. We assessed changes in HMO concentrations during the first year of lactation and the relationship with FUT2 Secretor group and FUT3 Lewis group defining genetic polymorphisms. Methods: Milk samples were collected from lactating mothers participating in the LIFE Child cohort in Leipzig, Germany. The concentrations of 24 HMOs in milk samples collected at 3 months (N = 156), 6 months (N = 122), and 12 months (N = 28) were measured using liquid chromatography. Concentrations of HMOs were compared at all time-points and were tested for their associations with FUT2 and FUT3 genetic variations by sPLS regression. Results: FUT2 SNP rs601338 was found to predominantly define the Secretor status Se-: 11.8% and it was highly correlated with 2'-fucosyllactose (2'FL, p < 0.001) and lacto-N-fucosylpentaose-I (LNFP-I, p < 0.001). FUT3 SNPs rs28362459 and rs812936 were found to define Lewis status (Le-: 5.9%) and correlated with lacto-N-fucosylpentaose-II (LNFP-II, p < 0.001). A polygenic score predicted the abundance of 2'FL levels within Secretors' milk (adj. R 2 = 0.58, p < 0.001). Mean concentrations of most of the individual HMOs, as well as the sums of the measured HMOs, the fucosylated HMOs, and the neutral HMOs were lower at 6 and 12 months compared to 3 months (p < 0.001). Conclusions: Secretor and Lewis status defined by specific FUT2 and FUT3 SNPs are confirmed to be good proxies for specific individual HMOs and milk group variabilities. The polygenic score developed here is an opportunity for clinicians to predict 2'FL levels in milk of future mothers. These results show opportunities to strengthen our understanding of factors controlling FUT2 and FUT3 functionality, the temporal changes and variability of HMO composition during lactation and eventually their significance for infant development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory Lefebvre
- Société des Produits Nestlé SA-Nestlé Research, Ecole Polytechnique Fédéral de Lausanne Innovation Park, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Maya Shevlyakova
- Société des Produits Nestlé SA-Nestlé Research, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Aline Charpagne
- Société des Produits Nestlé SA-Nestlé Research, Ecole Polytechnique Fédéral de Lausanne Innovation Park, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Julien Marquis
- Société des Produits Nestlé SA-Nestlé Research, Ecole Polytechnique Fédéral de Lausanne Innovation Park, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Mandy Vogel
- Hospital for Children and Adolescents and Center of Paediatrc Research, LIFE Forschungszentrum für Zivilisationserkrankungen, Medizinische Fakultät, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Deutschland
| | - Toralf Kirsten
- Hospital for Children and Adolescents and Center of Paediatrc Research, LIFE Forschungszentrum für Zivilisationserkrankungen, Medizinische Fakultät, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Deutschland
| | - Wieland Kiess
- Hospital for Children and Adolescents and Center of Paediatrc Research, LIFE Forschungszentrum für Zivilisationserkrankungen, Medizinische Fakultät, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Deutschland
| | - Sean Austin
- Société des Produits Nestlé SA-Nestlé Research, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Norbert Sprenger
- Société des Produits Nestlé SA-Nestlé Research, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Aristea Binia
- Société des Produits Nestlé SA-Nestlé Research, Ecole Polytechnique Fédéral de Lausanne Innovation Park, Lausanne, Switzerland
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Michel L, Shevlyakova M, Ní Cléirigh E, Eckhardt E, Holvoet S, Nutten S, Sprenger N, Körner A, Vogel M, Nembrini C, Kiess W, Blanchard C. Novel approach to visualize the inter-dependencies between maternal sensitization, breast milk immune components and human milk oligosaccharides in the LIFE Child cohort. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0230472. [PMID: 32315306 PMCID: PMC7173766 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0230472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Numerous studies have shown that specific components of breast milk, considered separately, are associated with disease status in the mother or the child using univariate analyses. However, very few studies have considered multivariate analysis approaches to evaluate the relationship between multiple breast milk components simultaneously. Aim Here we aimed at visualizing breast milk component complex interactions in the context of the allergy status of the mother or the child. Methods Milk samples were collected from lactating mothers participating in the Leipziger Forschungszentrum für Zivilisationskrankheiten (LIFE) Child cohort in Leipzig, Germany. A total of 156 breast milk samples, collected at 3 months after birth from mother/infant pairs, were analyzed for 51 breast milk components. Correlation, principal component analysis (PCA) and graphical discovery analysis were used. Result Correlations ranging from 0.40 to 0.96 were observed between breast milk fatty acid and breast milk phospholipids levels and correlations ranging from 0 to 0.76 between specific human milk oligosaccharides (HMO) were observed. No separation of the data based on the risk of allergy in the infants was identified using PCA. When graphical discovery analysis was used, dependencies between maternal plasma immunoglobulin E (IgE) level and the breast milk immune marker transforming growth factor-beta 2 (TGF-ß2), between TGF-ß2, breast milk immunoglobulin A (IgA) and TGF-ß1 as well as between breast milk total protein and birth weight were observed. Graphical discovery analysis also exemplifies a possible competition for the fucosyl group between 2’FL, LNFP-I and 3’FL in the HMO group. Additionally, dependencies between immune component IgA and specific HMO (6’SL and blood group A antigen tetraose type 5 or PI-HMO) were identified. Conclusion Graphical discovery analysis applied to complex matrices such as breast milk composition can aid in understanding the complexity of interactions between breast milk components and possible relations to health parameters in the mother or the infant. This approach can lead to novel discoveries in the context of health and diseases such as allergy. Our study thus represents the first attempt to visualize the complexity and the inter-dependency of breast milk components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loris Michel
- Nestlé Research, Vers-chez-les-Blanc, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Erik Eckhardt
- Nestlé Research, Vers-chez-les-Blanc, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Sophie Nutten
- Nestlé Research, Vers-chez-les-Blanc, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Antje Körner
- Faculty of Medicine, LIFE Leipzig Research Center for Civilization Diseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Mandy Vogel
- Faculty of Medicine, LIFE Leipzig Research Center for Civilization Diseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | | | - Wieland Kiess
- Faculty of Medicine, LIFE Leipzig Research Center for Civilization Diseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Carine Blanchard
- Nestlé Research, Vers-chez-les-Blanc, Lausanne, Switzerland
- * E-mail:
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7
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Karagounis LG, Beaumont M, Donato-Capel L, Godin JP, Kapp AF, Draganidis D, Pinaud S, Vuichoud J, Shevlyakova M, Rade-Kukic K, Breuillé D. Ingestion of a Pre-bedtime Protein Containing Beverage Prevents Overnight Induced Negative Whole Body Protein Balance in Healthy Middle-Aged Men: A Randomized Trial. Front Nutr 2019; 6:181. [PMID: 31850360 PMCID: PMC6896828 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2019.00181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Age related muscle wasting leads to overall reductions of lean body mass, reduced muscle strength, and muscle function resulting in compromised quality of life. Utilizing novel nutritional strategies to attenuate such losses is of great importance in elderly individuals. We aimed to test if a complete dietary supplement containing 25 g of milk proteins and ingested in the evening before bed would improve protein metabolism in terms of whole body protein balance over a 10 h overnight period following ingestion of the test drink in healthy middle-aged male subjects. In addition we also assessed the rates of muscle protein synthesis during the second half of the night in order to see if previously reported extended amino acidemia during sleep results in increased rates of muscle protein synthesis. Seventeen healthy middle-aged male subjects (59.4 ± 3.2 year) consumed a dietary supplement drink at 21:00 containing either 25 g milk protein concentrate, 25 g maltodextrin, 7.75 g canola oil (treatment group), or an isocaloric protein void drink (placebo group). Muscle protein synthesis was assessed from a muscle biopsy following the continuous intravenous infusion of 13C-phenylalanine for 5 h (from 03:00 to 08:00). Whole body protein balance was greater in the treatment group (−0.13 ± 11.30 g prot/10 h) compared to placebo (−12.22 ± 6.91 g prot/10 h) (P ≤ 0.01). In contrast, no changes were observed on rates of muscle protein synthesis during the second half of the night. Ingestion of a dietary supplement containing 25 g of milk proteins significantly reduced the negative protein balance observed during the night. Therefore, pre-bedtime protein ingestion may attenuate overnight losses of lean tissue in healthy elderly men. Despite increases in aminoacidemia during the second part of the night, no changes were observed in the rates of muscle protein synthesis during this time. Clinical Trial Registration:www.ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier: NCT02041143.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonidas G Karagounis
- Nestlé Research, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Translation Research, Nestlé Health Science, Lausanne, Switzerland
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8
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Okubo Y, Nemoto M, Osuka Y, Jung S, Seino S, Figueroa R, Vinyes-Pares G, Offord EA, Shevlyakova M, Breuille D, Tanaka K. Development of the Nutrition and Functionality Assessment (NFA) among Older Adults in Japan. J Frailty Aging 2018; 7:187-192. [PMID: 30095150 DOI: 10.14283/jfa.2017.38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Develop and evaluate the feasibility and validity of the Nutrition and Functionality Assessment (NFA) which identifies "target" older adults who could benefit from a personalized program following evaluation of their nutrition status and physical functionality. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. SETTING Community and geriatric day-care centers and university in Japan. PARTICIPANTS 267 older adults aged 65-90. MEASUREMENTS The "target" individuals were screened based on gait speed (0.6-1.5 m/s). Nutrition (Mini Nutrition Assessment-short form and protein intake), strength (30s chair sit-to-stand and hand-grip strength) and endurance (6-minute walk) were assessed. Physical activity was monitored using a tri-axil accelerometer for a week. Fried frailty phenotype was also assessed. RESULTS Out of 267 individuals, 185 (69%) had gait speed between 0.6-1.5 m/s, corresponding to our "target" group from which, 184 (95%) completed the nutrition and physical functionality assessments with the physical activity monitoring. The NFA was completed in approximately 30 minutes. No adverse events directly due to the NFA were reported. NFA physical functionality and global scores were significantly related to frailty phenotype but nutrition score was not related to frailty phenotype. CONCLUSION The study demonstrated that the NFA is a safe and feasible tool to screen target older adults and simultaneously evaluate their nutritional status and physical functionality. Validity of the NFA was partially confirmed by the significant association of the global and physical functionality scores with frailty phenotype. More studies are required to validate and maximize the applicability of the NFA in communities and institutions in Japan and elsewhere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Okubo
- Yoshiro Okubo, Falls and Balance Research Group, Neuroscience Research Australia, Barker Street Randwick Sydney NSW 2031 Australia, Tel.: +61 2 9399 1065, E-mail:
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9
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Xin L, Ipek Ö, Beaumont M, Shevlyakova M, Christinat N, Masoodi M, Greenberg N, Gruetter R, Cuenoud B. Nutritional Ketosis Increases NAD +/NADH Ratio in Healthy Human Brain: An in Vivo Study by 31P-MRS. Front Nutr 2018; 5:62. [PMID: 30050907 PMCID: PMC6052097 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2018.00062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Accepted: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Ketones represent an important alternative fuel for the brain under glucose hypo-metabolic conditions induced by neurological diseases or aging, however their metabolic consequences in healthy brain remain unclear. Here we report that ketones can increase the redox NAD+/NADH ratio in the resting brain of healthy young adults. As NAD is an important energetic and signaling metabolic modulator, these results provide mechanistic clues on how nutritional ketosis might contribute to the preservation of brain health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijing Xin
- Center for Biomedical Imaging, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Özlem Ipek
- Center for Biomedical Imaging, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Maurice Beaumont
- Clinical Development Unit, Nestlé Research Center, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Maya Shevlyakova
- Clinical Development Unit, Nestlé Research Center, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Mojgan Masoodi
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences SA, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Rolf Gruetter
- Center for Biomedical Imaging, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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10
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Draper CF, Vassallo I, Di Cara A, Milone C, Comminetti O, Monnard I, Godin JP, Scherer M, Su M, Jia W, Guiraud SP, Praplan F, Guignard L, Ammon Zufferey C, Shevlyakova M, Emami N, Moco S, Beaumont M, Kaput J, Martin FP. A 48-Hour Vegan Diet Challenge in Healthy Women and Men Induces a BRANCH-Chain Amino Acid Related, Health Associated, Metabolic Signature. Mol Nutr Food Res 2017; 62. [PMID: 29087622 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201700703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2017] [Revised: 09/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Research is limited on diet challenges to improve health. A short-term, vegan protein diet regimen nutritionally balanced in macronutrient composition compared to an omnivorous diet is hypothesized to improve metabolic measurements of blood sugar regulation, blood lipids, and amino acid metabolism. METHODS AND RESULTS This randomized, cross-over, controlled vegan versus animal diet challenge is conducted on 21 (11 female,10 male) healthy participants. Fasting plasma is measured during a 3 d diet intervention for clinical biochemistry and metabonomics. Intervention diet plans meet individual caloric needs. Meals are provided and supervised. Diet compliance is monitored. CONCLUSIONS The vegan diet lowers triglycerides, insulin and homeostatic model assessment (HOMA-IR), bile acids, elevated magnesium levels, and changed branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) metabolism (p < 0.05), potentiating insulin and blood sugar control after 48 h. Cholesterol control improves significantly in the vegan versus omnivorous diets. Plasma amino acid and magnesium concentrations positively correlate with dietary amino acids. Polyunsaturated fatty acids and dietary fiber inversely correlate with insulin, HOMA-IR, and triglycerides. Nutritional biochemistries, BCAAs, insulin, and HOMA-IR are impacted by sexual dimorphism. A health-promoting, BCAA-associated metabolic signature is produced from a short-term, healthy, controlled, vegan diet challenge when compared with a healthy, controlled, omnivorous diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colleen Fogarty Draper
- Nestle Institute of Health Sciences (NIHS), Lausanne, Switzerland.,Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Cristiana Milone
- Independent Clinical Dietitian.,Canton Hospital of Luzern, Luzern, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | | | - MingMing Su
- University of Hawaii Cancer Center (UHCC), HI, USA
| | - Wei Jia
- University of Hawaii Cancer Center (UHCC), HI, USA
| | - Seu-Ping Guiraud
- Nestle Institute of Health Sciences (NIHS), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | | | - Nashmil Emami
- Clinical Development Unit, NRC, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sofia Moco
- Nestle Institute of Health Sciences (NIHS), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Jim Kaput
- Nestle Institute of Health Sciences (NIHS), Lausanne, Switzerland
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