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Akanda MR, Ahn EJ, Kim YJ, Salam SMA, Noh MG, Lee TK, Kim SS, Lee KH, Moon KS. Analysis of stromal PDGFR-β and α-SMA expression and their clinical relevance in brain metastases of breast cancer patients. BMC Cancer 2023; 23:468. [PMID: 37217880 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-023-10957-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast cancer brain metastasis (BCBM) is a growing therapeutic challenge and clinical concern. Stromal cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are crucial factors in the modulation of tumorigeneses and metastases. Herein, we investigated the relationship between the expression of stromal CAF markers in metastatic sites, platelet-derived growth factor receptor-beta (PDGFR-β), and alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and the clinical and prognostic variables in BCBM patients. METHODS Immunohistochemistry (IHC) of the stromal expression of PDGFR-β and α-SMA was performed on 50 cases of surgically resected BCBM. The expression of the CAF markers was analyzed in the context of clinico-pathological characteristics. RESULTS Expression of PDGFR-β and α-SMA was lower in the triple-negative (TN) subtype than in other molecular subtypes (p = 0.073 and p = 0.016, respectively). And their expressions were related to a specific pattern of CAF distribution (PDGFR-β, p = 0.009; α-SMA, p = 0.043) and BM solidity (p = 0.009 and p = 0.002, respectively). High PDGFR-β expression was significantly related to longer recurrence-free survival (RFS) (p = 0.011). TN molecular subtype and PDGFR-β expression were independent prognostic factors of recurrence-free survival (p = 0.029 and p = 0.030, respectively) and TN molecular subtype was an independent prognostic factor of overall survival (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Expression of PDGFR-β in the stroma of BM was associated with RFS in BCBM patients, and the clinical implication was uniquely linked to the low expression of PDGFR-β and α-SMA in the aggressive form of the TN subtype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Rashedunnabi Akanda
- Department of Pathology, Chonnam National University Research Institute of Medical Science, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital and Medical School, 322 Seoyang-ro, Hwasun-eup, Hwasun-gun, 58128, Jeollanam-do, South Korea
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet, Bangladesh
| | - Eun-Jung Ahn
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chonnam National University Research Institute of Medical Science, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital and Medical School, 322 Seoyang-ro, Hwasun-eup, Hwasun-gun, 58128, Jeollanam-do, South Korea
| | - Yeong Jin Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chonnam National University Research Institute of Medical Science, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital and Medical School, 322 Seoyang-ro, Hwasun-eup, Hwasun-gun, 58128, Jeollanam-do, South Korea
| | - S M Abdus Salam
- Department of Pathology, Chonnam National University Research Institute of Medical Science, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital and Medical School, 322 Seoyang-ro, Hwasun-eup, Hwasun-gun, 58128, Jeollanam-do, South Korea
| | - Myung-Giun Noh
- Department of Pathology, Chonnam National University Research Institute of Medical Science, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital and Medical School, 322 Seoyang-ro, Hwasun-eup, Hwasun-gun, 58128, Jeollanam-do, South Korea
| | - Tae-Kyu Lee
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chonnam National University Research Institute of Medical Science, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital and Medical School, 322 Seoyang-ro, Hwasun-eup, Hwasun-gun, 58128, Jeollanam-do, South Korea
| | - Sung Sun Kim
- Department of Pathology, Chonnam National University Research Institute of Medical Science, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital and Medical School, 322 Seoyang-ro, Hwasun-eup, Hwasun-gun, 58128, Jeollanam-do, South Korea
| | - Kyung-Hwa Lee
- Department of Pathology, Chonnam National University Research Institute of Medical Science, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital and Medical School, 322 Seoyang-ro, Hwasun-eup, Hwasun-gun, 58128, Jeollanam-do, South Korea.
- BioMedical Sciences Graduate Program (BMSGP), Chonnam National University, Hwasun, Jeollanam-do, South Korea.
| | - Kyung-Sub Moon
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chonnam National University Research Institute of Medical Science, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital and Medical School, 322 Seoyang-ro, Hwasun-eup, Hwasun-gun, 58128, Jeollanam-do, South Korea.
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Akanda MR, Ahn EJ, Kim YJ, Salam SMA, Noh MG, Kim SS, Jung TY, Kim IY, Kim CH, Lee KH, Moon KS. Different Expression and Clinical Implications of Cancer-Associated Fibroblast (CAF) Markers in Brain Metastases. J Cancer 2023; 14:464-479. [PMID: 36860926 PMCID: PMC9969586 DOI: 10.7150/jca.80115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Aims: This study assessed the expression and clinical relevance of cancer-asssociated fibroblast (CAF)-related biomarkers in brain metastasis (BM). Moreover, molecular characterization of patient-derived primary CAFs and normal fibroblasts (NFs) was performed. Methods: Sixty-eight patients with BM from various primary cancer types were selected. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) and immunofluorescence (IF) staining were performed to evaluate the expression of various CAF-related biomarkers. CAFs and NFs were isolated from fresh tissues. Results: Various CAF-related biomarkers were expressed in CAFs in BMs of different primary cancers. However, only PDGFR-β, α-SMA, and collagen type I were associated with BM size. PDGFR-β and α-SMA were associated with BM recurrence after resection. PDGFR-β was associated with recurrence-free survival (RFS). Interestingly, high expression of PDGFR-β and α-SMA was found in the patients with previous chemotherapy or radiotherapy for primary cancer. In primary cell culture, PDGFR-β and α-SMA were expressed at higher levels in patient-derived CAFs than in NFs or cancer cells. The origins of CAF in BM were presumed to be pericytes of blood vessels, circulating endothelial progenitor cells, or transformed astrocytes of the peritumoral glial stroma. Conclusion: Our results suggest that high expression of CAF-related biomarkers, particularly PDGFR-β and α-SMA, is associated with poor prognosis and recurrence in patients with BM. With the elucidation of the role and origins of CAF in the tumor microenvironment, CAF can be a new imperative target for BM immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Rashedunnabi Akanda
- Department of Pathology, Chonnam National University Research Institute of Medical Science, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital and Medical School, Hwasun, Jeollanam-do, South Korea.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet, Bangladesh
| | - Eun-Jung Ahn
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chonnam National University Research Institute of Medical Science, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital and Medical School, Hwasun, Jeollanam-do, South Korea
| | - Yeong Jin Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chonnam National University Research Institute of Medical Science, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital and Medical School, Hwasun, Jeollanam-do, South Korea
| | - S M Abdus Salam
- Department of Pathology, Chonnam National University Research Institute of Medical Science, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital and Medical School, Hwasun, Jeollanam-do, South Korea
| | - Myung-Giun Noh
- Department of Pathology, Chonnam National University Research Institute of Medical Science, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital and Medical School, Hwasun, Jeollanam-do, South Korea
| | - Sung Sun Kim
- Department of Pathology, Chonnam National University Research Institute of Medical Science, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital and Medical School, Hwasun, Jeollanam-do, South Korea
| | - Tae-Young Jung
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chonnam National University Research Institute of Medical Science, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital and Medical School, Hwasun, Jeollanam-do, South Korea
| | - In-Young Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chonnam National University Research Institute of Medical Science, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital and Medical School, Hwasun, Jeollanam-do, South Korea
| | - Chang-Hyun Kim
- Department of Surgery, Chonnam National University Research Institute of Medical Science, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital and Medical School, Hwasun, Jeollanam-do, South Korea
| | - Kyung-Hwa Lee
- Department of Pathology, Chonnam National University Research Institute of Medical Science, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital and Medical School, Hwasun, Jeollanam-do, South Korea.,BioMedical Sciences Graduate Program (BMSGP), Chonnam National University, Hwasun Jeollanam-do, South Korea.,✉ Corresponding authors: Kyung-Sub Moon, Department of Neurosurgery, Chonnam National University Research Institute of Medical Science, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital and Medical School, 322 Seoyang-ro, Hwasun-eup, Hwasun-gun, Jeollanam-do, 58128, South Korea. Tel.: +82-61-379-7666, / Fax: +82-61-379-7673, E-mail: . Kyung-Hwa Lee, Department of Pathology, Chonnam National University Research Institute of Medical Science, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital and Medical School, 322 Seoyang-ro, Hwasun-eup, Hwasun-gun, Jeollanam-do, 58128, South Korea. Tel.: +82-61-379-7050, / Fax: +82-61-379-7099, E-mail:
| | - Kyung-Sub Moon
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chonnam National University Research Institute of Medical Science, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital and Medical School, Hwasun, Jeollanam-do, South Korea.,✉ Corresponding authors: Kyung-Sub Moon, Department of Neurosurgery, Chonnam National University Research Institute of Medical Science, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital and Medical School, 322 Seoyang-ro, Hwasun-eup, Hwasun-gun, Jeollanam-do, 58128, South Korea. Tel.: +82-61-379-7666, / Fax: +82-61-379-7673, E-mail: . Kyung-Hwa Lee, Department of Pathology, Chonnam National University Research Institute of Medical Science, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital and Medical School, 322 Seoyang-ro, Hwasun-eup, Hwasun-gun, Jeollanam-do, 58128, South Korea. Tel.: +82-61-379-7050, / Fax: +82-61-379-7099, E-mail:
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Islam MS, Shin HY, Yoo YJ, Lee EY, Kim R, Jang YJ, Akanda MR, Tae HJ, Kim IS, Ahn D, Park BY. Fermented Mentha arvensis administration provides neuroprotection against transient global cerebral ischemia in gerbils and SH-SY5Y cells via downregulation of the MAPK signaling pathway. BMC Complement Med Ther 2022; 22:172. [PMID: 35752797 PMCID: PMC9233811 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-022-03653-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Globally, ischemic stroke is a major health threat to humans that causes lifelong disability and death. Mentha arvensis (MA) has been used in traditional medicine to alleviate oxidative stress and inflammation-related disorders. In the present study, the neuroprotective properties of fermented MA (FMA) extract were investigated in the gerbil and SH-SY5Y cells. model of transient global cerebral ischemia. Methods Bilateral common carotid artery occlusion-induced transient global cerebral ischemia in gerbil and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-mediated neurotoxic effects in human neuroblastoma cells (SH-SY5Y) were investigated. FMA (400 mg/kg) was orally administered for 7 days before induction of ischemic stroke. To evaluate the neuroprotective activity of FMA, we implemented various assays such as cell viability assay (MTT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assay, histopathology, immunohistochemistry (IHC), histofluorescence, and western blot. Results FMA pretreatment effectively decreased transient ischemia (TI) induced neuronal cell death as well as activation of microglia and astrocytes in the hippocampal region. The protective effects of FMA extract against H2O2-induced cytotoxicity of SH-SY5Y cells were observed by MTT and LDH assay. However, FMA pretreatment significantly increased the expression of the antioxidant marker proteins such as superoxide dismutase-1 (SOD-1) and superoxide dismutase-2 (SOD-2) in the hippocampus and SH-SY5Y cells. Furthermore, the activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) further activated a cascade of outcomes such as neuroinflammation and apoptosis. FMA pretreatment notably decreased TI and H2O2 induced activation of MAPK (c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (ERK), and p38) proteins in hippocampus and SH-SY5Y cells respectively. Besides, pretreatment with FMA markedly reduced H2O2 mediated Bax/Bcl2 expression in SH-SY5Y cells. Conclusion Thus, these results demonstrated that neuroprotective activities of FMA might contribute to regulating the MAPK signaling pathway. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12906-022-03653-7.
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Akanda MR, Park JS, Noh MG, Ha GH, Park YS, Lee JH, Moon KS, Kim CK, Lee KH. TACC3 Promotes Gastric Carcinogenesis by Promoting Epithelial-mesenchymal Transition Through the ERK/Akt/cyclin D1 Signaling Pathway. Anticancer Res 2021; 41:3349-3361. [PMID: 34230131 DOI: 10.21873/anticanres.15123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM The present study investigated the oncogenic functions of TACC3 in the progression of gastric cancer (GC). MATERIALS AND METHODS We analysed TACC3 in relation to cell growth, invasion capability, expression of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-related markers, and ERK/Akt/cyclin D1 signaling factors. The correlation between the immunohistochemically confirmed expression of TACC3 and clinical factors was also analyzed. RESULTS The increased proliferation and invasion of TACC3-over-expressing GC cells was accompanied by altered regulation of EMT-associated markers and activation of ERK/Akt/cyclin D1 signaling. Immunohistochemical analysis of TACC3 in human GC tissues revealed that its expression is correlated with aggressive characteristics and poor prognosis of intestinal-type GC. CONCLUSION TACC3 contributes to gastric tumorigenesis by promoting EMT via the ERK/Akt/cyclin D1 signaling pathway. The correlation between TACC3 expression and multiple clinicopathological variables implies that its effective therapeutic targeting in GC will depend on the tumor subtype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Rashedunnabi Akanda
- Department of Pathology, Chonnam National University Research Institute of Medical Science, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hwasun Hospital, Jeollanam-do, Republic of Korea.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet, Bangladesh
| | - Jee Soo Park
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea.,Single Cell Network Research Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung-Giun Noh
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Geun-Hyoung Ha
- Medical Innovation Technology Inc. (MEDINNO Inc.), Ace High-End Tower Classic 26, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Sook Park
- Department of Physical & Rehabilitation Medicine, Samsung Changwon Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Changwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Hyuk Lee
- Department of Pathology, Chonnam National University Research Institute of Medical Science, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hwasun Hospital, Jeollanam-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Sub Moon
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Tumor Clinic & Gamma Knife Center, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital and Medical School, Jeollanam-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Chung Kwon Kim
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea; .,Single Cell Network Research Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea.,Medical Innovation Technology Inc. (MEDINNO Inc.), Ace High-End Tower Classic 26, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Hwa Lee
- Department of Pathology, Chonnam National University Research Institute of Medical Science, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hwasun Hospital, Jeollanam-do, Republic of Korea;
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Cho SH, Shim HJ, Park MR, Choi JN, Akanda MR, Hwang JE, Bae WK, Lee KH, Sun EG, Chung IJ. Lgals3bp suppresses colon inflammation and tumorigenesis through the downregulation of TAK1-NF-κB signaling. Cell Death Discov 2021; 7:65. [PMID: 33824294 PMCID: PMC8024364 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-021-00447-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Galectin 3-binding protein (LGALS3BP, also known as 90K) is a multifunctional glycoprotein involved in immunity and cancer. However, its precise role in colon inflammation and tumorigenesis remains unclear. Here, we showed that Lgals3bp-/- mice were highly susceptible to colitis and colon tumorigenesis, accompanied by the induction of inflammatory responses. In acute colitis, NF-κB was highly activated in the colon of Lgals3bp-/- mice, leading to the excessive production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-6, TNFα, and IL-1β. Mechanistically, Lgals3bp suppressed NF-κB through the downregulation of TAK1 in colon epithelial cells. There was no significant difference in the pro-inflammatory cytokine levels between wild-type and Lgals3bp-/- mice in a chronic inflammatory state, during colon tumorigenesis. Instead, Lgals3bp-/- mice showed elevated levels of GM-CSF, compared to those in WT mice. We also found that GM-CSF promoted the accumulation of myeloid-derived suppressor cells and ultimately increased colon tumorigenesis in Lgals3bp-/- mice. Taken together, Lgals3bp plays a critical role in the suppression of colitis and colon tumorigenesis through the downregulation of the TAK1-NF-κB-cytokine axis. These findings suggest that LGALS3BP is a novel immunotherapeutic target for colon inflammation and tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Hee Cho
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun, Republic of Korea
- Immunotherapy Innovation Center, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Jeong Shim
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Ra Park
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Na Choi
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun, Republic of Korea
| | - Md Rashedunnabi Akanda
- Combinatorial Tumor Immunotherapy MRC Center, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun, Republic of Korea
- Department of Pathology, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun, Republic of Korea
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet, Bangladesh
| | - Jun-Eul Hwang
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo-Kyun Bae
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun, Republic of Korea
- Combinatorial Tumor Immunotherapy MRC Center, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Hwa Lee
- Immunotherapy Innovation Center, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun, Republic of Korea
- Combinatorial Tumor Immunotherapy MRC Center, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun, Republic of Korea
- Department of Pathology, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Gene Sun
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ik-Joo Chung
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun, Republic of Korea.
- Immunotherapy Innovation Center, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun, Republic of Korea.
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Hong JH, Noh MG, Akanda MR, Kim YJ, Kim SH, Jung TY, Jung S, Lee JH, Rhee JH, Kim KK, Kim SS, Lee KH, Moon KS. Solitary Fibrous Tumor/Hemangiopericytoma Metastasizes Extracranially, Associated with Altered Expression of WNT5A and MMP9. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13051142. [PMID: 33799999 PMCID: PMC7962064 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13051142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Meningeal/intracranial solitary fibrous tumor/hemangiopericytoma (icSFT/HPC) have a poor clinical outcome with metastatic behavior compared to soft tissue/extracranial SFT/HPCs (exSFT/HPC), but the underlying genetic factors are unclear. This study showed that WNT signaling, including WNT5A, was elevated in exSFT/HPC and MMP9 expression was higher in icSFT/HPC at both the mRNA and protein levels. Expression of CLDN5, a marker of endothelial tight junctions, was decreased in icSFT/HPC. The metastatic behavior of icSFT/HPC may be due to dysregulated angiogenesis and increased permeability of the vasculature caused by an altered WNT signaling pathway. Along with the increased expression of MMP9 in individual tumor cells, the combination of these effects will increase the probability of distant metastasis. Although exSFT/HPC and icSFT/HPC share a key molecular event, i.e., NAB2-STAT6 fusion, SFT/HPC may exhibit different biological properties and clinical courses depending on tumor location. Abstract Solitary fibrous tumor/hemangiopericytoma (SFT/HPC) is a mesenchymal tumor originating from various soft tissues and meninges, which carries the NAB2-STAT6 fusion gene. Meningeal/intracranial SFT/HPCs (icSFT/HPC) have a poor clinical outcome with metastatic behavior compared to soft tissue/extracranial SFT/HPCs (exSFT/HPC), but the underlying genetic factors are unclear. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were analyzed by NanoString nCounter assay using RNA extracted from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue samples. Additionally, immunohistochemistry (IHC) was performed on 32 cases of exSFT/HPC, 18 cases of icSFT/HPC, and additional recurrent or metastatic cases to verify the findings. Pathway analysis revealed that the WNT signaling pathway was enriched in exSFT/HPC. Analysis of DEGs showed that expression of WNT5A was lower and that of MMP9 was higher in icSFT/HPC than in exSFT/HPC (p = 0.008 and p = 0.035, respectively). IHC showed that WNT5A and CD34 expression was high in exSFT/HPC (p < 0.001, both), while that of MMP9 was high in icSFT/HPC (p = 0.001). Expression of CLDN5 in tumoral vessels was locally decreased in icSFT/HPC (p < 0.001). The results suggested that decreased WNT5A expression, together with increased MMP9 expression, in icSFT/HPC, may affect vascular tightness and prompt tumor cells to metastasize extracranially.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong-Hwan Hong
- Departments of Neurosurgery, Chonnam National University Research Institute of Medical Science, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital and Medical School, Hwasun 58128, Korea; (J.-H.H.); (Y.J.K.); (T.-Y.J.); (S.J.)
| | - Myung-Giun Noh
- Departments of Pathology, Chonnam National University Research Institute of Medical Science, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital and Medical School, Hwasun 58128, Korea; (M.-G.N.); (M.R.A.); (J.-H.L.); (S.S.K.)
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju 61005, Korea
| | - Md Rashedunnabi Akanda
- Departments of Pathology, Chonnam National University Research Institute of Medical Science, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital and Medical School, Hwasun 58128, Korea; (M.-G.N.); (M.R.A.); (J.-H.L.); (S.S.K.)
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet 3100, Bangladesh
| | - Yeong Jin Kim
- Departments of Neurosurgery, Chonnam National University Research Institute of Medical Science, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital and Medical School, Hwasun 58128, Korea; (J.-H.H.); (Y.J.K.); (T.-Y.J.); (S.J.)
| | - Se Hoon Kim
- Department of Pathology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea;
| | - Tae-Young Jung
- Departments of Neurosurgery, Chonnam National University Research Institute of Medical Science, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital and Medical School, Hwasun 58128, Korea; (J.-H.H.); (Y.J.K.); (T.-Y.J.); (S.J.)
| | - Shin Jung
- Departments of Neurosurgery, Chonnam National University Research Institute of Medical Science, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital and Medical School, Hwasun 58128, Korea; (J.-H.H.); (Y.J.K.); (T.-Y.J.); (S.J.)
| | - Jae-Hyuk Lee
- Departments of Pathology, Chonnam National University Research Institute of Medical Science, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital and Medical School, Hwasun 58128, Korea; (M.-G.N.); (M.R.A.); (J.-H.L.); (S.S.K.)
| | - Joon Haeng Rhee
- Medical Research Center (MRC) for Immunotherapy of Cancer, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun 58128, Korea;
| | - Kyung-Keun Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun 58128, Korea;
| | - Sung Sun Kim
- Departments of Pathology, Chonnam National University Research Institute of Medical Science, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital and Medical School, Hwasun 58128, Korea; (M.-G.N.); (M.R.A.); (J.-H.L.); (S.S.K.)
| | - Kyung-Hwa Lee
- Departments of Pathology, Chonnam National University Research Institute of Medical Science, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital and Medical School, Hwasun 58128, Korea; (M.-G.N.); (M.R.A.); (J.-H.L.); (S.S.K.)
- Correspondence: (K.-H.L.); (K.-S.M.); Tel.: +82-61-379-7050 (K.-H.L.); +82-61-379-7666 (K.-S.M.)
| | - Kyung-Sub Moon
- Departments of Neurosurgery, Chonnam National University Research Institute of Medical Science, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital and Medical School, Hwasun 58128, Korea; (J.-H.H.); (Y.J.K.); (T.-Y.J.); (S.J.)
- Correspondence: (K.-H.L.); (K.-S.M.); Tel.: +82-61-379-7050 (K.-H.L.); +82-61-379-7666 (K.-S.M.)
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Islam A, Islam MS, Uddin MN, Hasan MMI, Akanda MR. The potential health benefits of the isoflavone glycoside genistin. Arch Pharm Res 2020; 43:395-408. [PMID: 32253713 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-020-01233-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Genistin is a type of isoflavone glycoside and has a broad range of health benefits. It is found in a variety of dietary plants, such as soybean, kudzu (Japanese arrowroot), and other plant-based products. Genistin has been described to have several beneficial health impacts, such as decreasing the risk of osteoporosis and post-menopausal symptoms, as well as anti-cancer, anti-oxidative, cardioprotective, anti-apoptotic, neuroprotective, hepatoprotective, and anti-microbial activities. It may also assist individuals with metabolic syndrome. This review summarizes some of the molecular impacts and prospective roles of genistin in maintaining and treatment of health disorders. The review could help to develop novel genistin medicine with significant health benefits for application in the nutraceutical and pharmaceutical fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anowarul Islam
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, 54596, South Korea
| | - Md Sadikul Islam
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, 54596, South Korea
| | - Md Nazim Uddin
- Department of Livestock Production and Management, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet, 3100, Bangladesh
| | - Mir Md Iqbal Hasan
- Department of Physiology, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet, 3100, Bangladesh
| | - Md Rashedunnabi Akanda
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet, 3100, Bangladesh.
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8
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Rao Z, Kim SY, Akanda MR, Lee SJ, Jung ID, Park BY, Kamala-Kannan S, Hur J, Park JH. Enhanced Expression and Functional Characterization of the Recombinant Putative Lysozyme-PMAP36 Fusion Protein. Mol Cells 2019; 42:262-269. [PMID: 30841024 PMCID: PMC6449713 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2019.2365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2018] [Revised: 12/24/2018] [Accepted: 01/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The porcine myeloid antimicrobial peptide (PMAP), one of the cathelicidin family members, contains small cationic peptides with amphipathic properties. We used a putative lysozyme originated from the bacteriophage P22 (P22 lysozyme) as a fusion partner, which was connected to the N-terminus of the PMAP36 peptide, to markedly increase the expression levels of recombinant PMAP36. The PMAP36-P22 lysozyme fusion protein with high solubility was produced in Escherichia coli. The final purified yield was approximately 1.8 mg/L. The purified PMAP36-P22 lysozyme fusion protein exhibited antimicrobial activity against both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Bacillus subtilis). Furthermore, we estimated its hemolytic activity against pig erythrocytes as 6% at the high concentration (128 μM) of the PMAP36-P22 lysozyme fusion protein. Compared with the PMAP36 peptide (12%), our fusion protein exhibited half of the hemolytic activity. Overall, our recombinant PMAP36-P22 lysozyme fusion protein sustained the antimicrobial activity with the lower hemolytic activity associated with the synthetic PMAP36 peptide. This study suggests that the PMAP36-P22 lysozyme fusion system could be a crucial addition to the plethora of novel antimicrobials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhili Rao
- Division of Biotechnology, College of Environmental & Bioresources Sciences, Chonbuk National University, Iksan 54596,
Korea
| | - So Young Kim
- Division of Biotechnology, College of Environmental & Bioresources Sciences, Chonbuk National University, Iksan 54596,
Korea
| | - Md Rashedunnabi Akanda
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Bio-safety Research Institute, Chonbuk National University, Iksan 54596,
Korea
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet 3100,
Bangladesh
| | - Su Jin Lee
- Department of Immunology, Laboratory of Dendritic Cell Differentiation and Regulation, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478,
Korea
| | - In Duk Jung
- Department of Immunology, Laboratory of Dendritic Cell Differentiation and Regulation, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478,
Korea
| | - Byung-Yong Park
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Bio-safety Research Institute, Chonbuk National University, Iksan 54596,
Korea
| | - Seralathan Kamala-Kannan
- Division of Biotechnology, College of Environmental & Bioresources Sciences, Chonbuk National University, Iksan 54596,
Korea
- Advanced Institute of Environment and Bioscience, College of Environmental & Bioresources Sciences, Chonbuk National University, Iksan 54596,
Korea
| | - Jin Hur
- Veterinary Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Iksan 54596,
Korea
| | - Jung Hee Park
- Division of Biotechnology, College of Environmental & Bioresources Sciences, Chonbuk National University, Iksan 54596,
Korea
- Safety, Environment and Life Science Institute, College of Environmental and Bioresources Sciences, Chonbuk National University, Iksan 54596,
Korea
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9
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Kim WK, Moon JY, Cho JS, Ochirkhuyag E, Akanda MR, Park BY, Hur J. Protective efficacy of an inactivated Brucella abortus vaccine candidate lysed by GI24 against brucellosis in Korean black goats. Can J Vet Res 2019; 83:68-74. [PMID: 30670904 PMCID: PMC6318821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2017] [Accepted: 04/02/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The efficacy of GI24-lysed Brucella abortus cells as a vaccine candidate against brucellosis in goats was evaluated on 2 groups of Korean black goats. Group A goats were immunized subcutaneously (SC) with sterile phosphate-buffered saline, whereas group B goats were immunized SC with approximately 3 × 109 lysed B. abortus cells. Subcutaneous immunization with the lysed cells did not cause any negative impact on the overall clinical status, such as behavior and appetite, throughout the study period. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) optical densities values for B. abortus lipopolysaccharide in serum were considerably higher in group B than those in group A. Also, the levels of the cytokines interleukin 4 (IL-4), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and interferon gamma (IFN-γ) were significantly elevated in group B compared with those in group A. Following intraconjunctival challenge with B. abortus strain 544, the severity of brucellosis in terms of infection index and colonization of B. abortus in tissues was significantly lower in group B than in group A. The present study concluded that 3 of 5 goats immunized with GI24-lysed bacteria were completely protected against challenge. Future investigations are required to improve the protective efficacy offered by lysed B. abortus cells for practical applications in small ruminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wong-Kyong Kim
- Veterinary Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Gobong-ro 79, Iksan, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea (Kim, Moon, Cho, Ochirkhuyag, Hur); Veterinary Histology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Gobong-ro 79, Iksan, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea (Akanda, Park)
| | - Ja-Young Moon
- Veterinary Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Gobong-ro 79, Iksan, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea (Kim, Moon, Cho, Ochirkhuyag, Hur); Veterinary Histology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Gobong-ro 79, Iksan, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea (Akanda, Park)
| | - Jeong-Sang Cho
- Veterinary Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Gobong-ro 79, Iksan, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea (Kim, Moon, Cho, Ochirkhuyag, Hur); Veterinary Histology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Gobong-ro 79, Iksan, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea (Akanda, Park)
| | - Enkhsaikhan Ochirkhuyag
- Veterinary Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Gobong-ro 79, Iksan, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea (Kim, Moon, Cho, Ochirkhuyag, Hur); Veterinary Histology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Gobong-ro 79, Iksan, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea (Akanda, Park)
| | - Md Rashedunnabi Akanda
- Veterinary Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Gobong-ro 79, Iksan, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea (Kim, Moon, Cho, Ochirkhuyag, Hur); Veterinary Histology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Gobong-ro 79, Iksan, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea (Akanda, Park)
| | - Byung-Yong Park
- Veterinary Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Gobong-ro 79, Iksan, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea (Kim, Moon, Cho, Ochirkhuyag, Hur); Veterinary Histology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Gobong-ro 79, Iksan, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea (Akanda, Park)
| | - Jin Hur
- Veterinary Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Gobong-ro 79, Iksan, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea (Kim, Moon, Cho, Ochirkhuyag, Hur); Veterinary Histology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Gobong-ro 79, Iksan, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea (Akanda, Park)
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10
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Akanda MR, Uddin MN, Kim IS, Ahn D, Tae HJ, Park BY. The biological and pharmacological roles of polyphenol flavonoid tilianin. Eur J Pharmacol 2019; 842:291-297. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2018.10.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Revised: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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11
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Kim WK, Moon JY, Cho JS, Akanda MR, Park BY, Kug Eo S, Park SY, Lee JH, Hur J. Brucella abortus lysed cells using GI24 induce robust immune response and provide effective protection in Beagles. Pathog Dis 2018; 76:4768093. [PMID: 29272378 DOI: 10.1093/femspd/ftx124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study is to estimate the protective efficacy of Brucella abortus lysed cells by GI24 against brucellosis in Beagles. Group A was subcutaneously (sc) immunized with sterile phosphate-buffered saline, and group B was sc immunized with approximately 3 × 109 of the lysed cells. Brucella-LPS-specific serum IgG titers and IL-4, TNF-α and IFN-γ concentrations were investigated by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. All dogs were intraconjunctivally challenged with B. abortus strain 544 at 6 weeks post-prime immunization. The serum IgG titers were considerably higher in group B than in group A. The levels of IL-4, TNF-α and IFN-γ in group B than in group A were significantly higher. Following challenge, no challenge strain was observed from all tissues of three dogs of group B. However, challenge strain was detected from spleen, uterus (except one Beagle) and inguinal and retropharyngeal lymph nodes of all group A Beagles. The results of this study demonstrated that sc immunization with the lysed cells induced robust antibody and cell-mediated immune responses in Beagles. The lysed cells also conferred protection against infection with B. abortus. These results suggest that sc immunization with B. abortus lysed cells by GI24 is a good vaccine candidate against brucellosis in dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Won Kyong Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University Special Campus, Iksan, 54596, Republic of Korea
| | - Ja Young Moon
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University Special Campus, Iksan, 54596, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Sang Cho
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University Special Campus, Iksan, 54596, Republic of Korea
| | - Md Rashedunnabi Akanda
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University Special Campus, Iksan, 54596, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Yong Park
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University Special Campus, Iksan, 54596, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Kug Eo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University Special Campus, Iksan, 54596, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Youel Park
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University Special Campus, Iksan, 54596, Republic of Korea
| | - John Hwa Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University Special Campus, Iksan, 54596, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Hur
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University Special Campus, Iksan, 54596, Republic of Korea
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12
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Akanda MR, Park BY. Involvement of MAPK/NF-κB signal transduction pathways: Camellia japonica mitigates inflammation and gastric ulcer. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 95:1139-1146. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.09.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Revised: 09/07/2017] [Accepted: 09/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
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13
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Akanda MR, Tae HJ, Kim IS, Ahn D, Tian W, Islam A, Nam HH, Choo BK, Park BY. Hepatoprotective Role of Hydrangea macrophylla against Sodium Arsenite-Induced Mitochondrial-Dependent Oxidative Stress via the Inhibition of MAPK/Caspase-3 Pathways. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18071482. [PMID: 28698525 PMCID: PMC5535972 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18071482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Revised: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Sodium arsenite (NaAsO2) has been recognized as a worldwide health concern. Hydrangea macrophylla (HM) is used as traditional Chinese medicine possessing antioxidant activities. The study was performed to investigate the therapeutic role and underlying molecular mechanism of HM on NaAsO2-induced toxicity in human liver cancer (HepG2) cells and liver in mice. The hepatoprotective role of HM in HepG2 cells was assessed by using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-Yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT), reactive oxygen species (ROS), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assays. Histopathology, lipid peroxidation, serum biochemistry, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and Western blot analyses were performed to determine the protective role of HM against NaAsO2 intoxication in liver tissue. In this study, we found that co-treatment with HM significantly attenuated the NaAsO2-induced cell viability loss, intracellular ROS, and LDH release in HepG2 cells in a dose-dependent manner. Hepatic histopathology, lipid peroxidation, and the serum biochemical parameters alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) were notably improved by HM. HM effectively downregulated the both gene and protein expression level of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade. Moreover, HM well-regulated the Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax)/B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) ratio, remarkably suppressed the release of cytochrome c, and blocked the expression of the post-apoptotic transcription factor caspase-3. Therefore, our study provides new insights into the hepatoprotective role of HM through its reduction in apoptosis, which likely involves in the modulation of MAPK/caspase-3 signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Rashedunnabi Akanda
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Biosafety Research Institute, Chonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Korea.
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet 3100, Bangladesh.
| | - Hyun-Jin Tae
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Biosafety Research Institute, Chonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Korea.
| | - In-Shik Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Biosafety Research Institute, Chonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Korea.
| | - Dongchoon Ahn
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Biosafety Research Institute, Chonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Korea.
| | - Weishun Tian
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Biosafety Research Institute, Chonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Korea.
| | - Anowarul Islam
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Biosafety Research Institute, Chonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Korea.
| | - Hyeon-Hwa Nam
- Department of Crop Science and Biotechnology, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Korea.
| | - Byung-Kil Choo
- Department of Crop Science and Biotechnology, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Korea.
| | - Byung-Yong Park
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Biosafety Research Institute, Chonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Korea.
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14
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Akanda MR, Kim IS, Ahn D, Tae HJ, Tian W, Nam HH, Choo BK, Park BY. In Vivo and In Vitro Hepatoprotective Effects of Geranium koreanum Methanolic Extract via Downregulation of MAPK/Caspase-3 Pathway. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 2017; 2017:8137627. [PMID: 28757890 PMCID: PMC5516716 DOI: 10.1155/2017/8137627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2017] [Accepted: 06/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Geranium koreanum (GK) is an indigenous Chinese herbal medicine widely used for the treatment of various inflammation and liver disorders. However, the exact mechanism of action of GK remains unknown. This study aimed to investigate the protective effect and related molecular mechanism of GK on NaAsO2-induced cytotoxicity in HepG2 cells and liver damage in mice. The cytoprotective role of GK was assessed on HepG2 cells using MTT assay. Oxidative stress and lactate dehydrogenase levels were measured with ROS and LDH assay. Histopathology and serum enzymes levels were estimated. The molecular mechanism was evaluated by qPCR and immunoblotting to ensure the hepatoprotective role of GK against NaAsO2 intoxication in mice. We found cotreatment with GK significantly attenuated NaAsO2-induced cell viability loss, intracellular ROS, and LDH release. Hepatic histopathology and serum biochemical parameters, ALT, and AST were notably improved by cotreatment with GK. Beside, GK markedly altered both mRNA and protein expression level of MAPK. The proapoptotic and antiapoptotic protein Bax/Bcl-2 ratio was significantly regulated by GK. Moreover, GK remarkably suppressed the postapoptotic transcription protein cleaved caspase-3 expression. The present study reveals that GK possesses hepatoprotective activity which is probably involved in the modulation of the MAPK/caspase-3 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Rashedunnabi Akanda
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Biosafety Research Institute, Chonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Republic of Korea
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet 3100, Bangladesh
| | - In-Shik Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Biosafety Research Institute, Chonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongchoon Ahn
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Biosafety Research Institute, Chonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Jin Tae
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Biosafety Research Institute, Chonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Republic of Korea
| | - Weishun Tian
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Biosafety Research Institute, Chonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeon-Hwa Nam
- Department of Crop Science & Biotechnology, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Kil Choo
- Department of Crop Science & Biotechnology, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Yong Park
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Biosafety Research Institute, Chonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Republic of Korea
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15
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Abstract
Keratin biomaterial has been used in regenerative medicine owing to its in-vivo and in-vitro biocompatibility. The present study was aimed to investigate the hair growth promoting activity of keratin extract and its mechanism of action. Keratin extract was topically applied on the synchronized depilated dorsal skin of telogenic C57BL/6 mice and promoted hair growth by inducing the anagen phase. The histomorphometric observation indicated significantly increases the number, shaft of hair follicles and deep subcutis area in the keratin extract treated group in contrast to the control group, which was considered an indication of anagen phase induction. Subsequently, the quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis revealed that fibroblast growth factor-10, vascular endothelial growth factor, insulin-like growth factor-1, β-catenin, and Shh were expressed earlier in the keratin extract-treated group than in the control group. Besides, keratin extract has been observed to be biocompatible when analyzed with 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide and 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole staining using immortalized human keratinocyte cells, showing more than 90% cell viability. Our study demonstrated that keratin extract stimulating hair follicle growth by inducing the growth phase; anagen in telogenic C57BL/6 mice and thus the topical application of keratin extract may represent a promising biomaterial for the management and applications of hair follicle disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Rashedunnabi Akanda
- 1 College of Veterinary Medicine and Biosafety Research Institute, Chonbuk National University, Republic of Korea.,2 Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Sylhet Agricultural University, Bangladesh
| | - Hak-Yong Kim
- 3 Department of BIN Fusion Technology, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Mira Park
- 4 Department of Organic Materials & Fiber Engineering, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Shik Kim
- 1 College of Veterinary Medicine and Biosafety Research Institute, Chonbuk National University, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongchoon Ahn
- 1 College of Veterinary Medicine and Biosafety Research Institute, Chonbuk National University, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Jin Tae
- 1 College of Veterinary Medicine and Biosafety Research Institute, Chonbuk National University, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Yong Park
- 1 College of Veterinary Medicine and Biosafety Research Institute, Chonbuk National University, Republic of Korea
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