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Sachdev M, Misra A. Heterogeneity of Dietary practices in India: current status and implications for the prevention and control of type 2 diabetes. Eur J Clin Nutr 2023; 77:145-155. [PMID: 35039630 DOI: 10.1038/s41430-021-01067-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Diet is one of the important modifiable factors in prevention of type 2 diabetes (T2D), making it important to understand geographical variations of food consumption pattern, their similarities and differences across various regions. Asian Indian diet patterns are mostly carbohydrate-based and with vast regional diversity. Staple food, food groups consumed, meat consumption pattern, type of fermented foods, food preparations, type of cooking oil used and food ingredients vary with different regions of India. There has been a slow transition from consumption of coarse grains to refined grains owing to socio-economic, cultural and other factors. Consumption of fruits and vegetables, fats, ready-to-eat foods and sugar is higher in urban population whereas consumption of carbohydrates in the form of cereals and millets is higher among the rural population. Cereal grains followed by pulses and legumes are main sources of protein, given that the frequency of meat consumption is low even among non-vegetarians in India compared to other countries. Overall, there is a tendency towards consumption of calorie-dense foods at the cost of food diversity, which may also result in micronutrient deficiencies as well as development of T2D and related metabolic diseases. Public health strategies and policy level decisions involving stakeholders with diet and lifestyle modification as focal points are absolute priorities to prevent and manage the burden of obesity and T2D in India.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meenakshi Sachdev
- Tamil Nadu Government Multi Super Specialty Hospital, Chennai, India
| | - Anoop Misra
- Diabetes Foundation (India), Safdarjung Development Area, New Delhi, 110016, India. .,National Diabetes Obesity and Cholesterol Foundation (N-DOC), Safdarjung Development Area, New Delhi, 110016, India. .,Fortis C-DOC Center of Excellence for Diabetes, Metabolic Diseases, and Endocrinology, B-16, Chirag Enclave, New Delhi, India.
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Takayama S, Sapna R, Shilpakar R, Sachdev M, Iddamalgoda A. The effect of Rosa Roxburghii extract on imparting relief from sun induced irritation and inflammation. J Dermatol Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2017.02.279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Stiver K, Daoud E, Hummel J, Augostini R, Weiss R, Tyler J, Rhodes T, Houmsee M, Sachdev M, Kalbfleisch S. Incidence of periprocedureal complications with dabigatran versus other current anti-coagulation modalities for patients undergoing an atrial fibrillation ablation. Eur Heart J 2013. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/eht311.5852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Sachdev M, Rao R, Olympia R. 212: Utility of Diagnostic Tests Performed on Pediatric Patients Presenting to an Emergency Department With Syncope And/Or Chest Pain. Ann Emerg Med 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2010.06.259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Christou J, Sachdev M. An evidence-based approach to valid consent as applied to the pharmacological management of patients in the dental setting. SAAD Dig 2007; 23:18-23. [PMID: 17265910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
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Tendolkar U, Sharma A, Mathur M, Ranadive N, Sachdev M. Epidural mass due to aspergillus flavus causing spinal cord compression--a case report and brief update. Indian J Med Microbiol 2005; 23:200-3. [PMID: 16100432 DOI: 10.4103/0255-0857.16597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Aspergillus infection of the central nervous system (CNS) is an uncommon disease. Most of the reported cases are of sinocranial spread and cases with contiguous spread to spinal cord from lung and other organs are uncommon. A case of pulmonary aspergillosis with extension to thoracic vertebrae forming a paraspinal mass resulting in neurological deficit due to Aspergillus flavus, is reported. The 43 year old patient did not have any obvious predisposing condition. He presented with loss of motor function and succumbed to the infection despite operative intervention and antifungal therapy. A brief update on CNS aspergillosis is presented along with detailed clinical, radiological and laboratory work up of the patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Tendolkar
- Department of Microbiology, LTM medical College and LTM General Hospital, Sion, Mumbai - 400 002, India.
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Abstract
Asiatic lions (Panthera leo persica), whose only natural habitat in the world is the Gir forest sanctuary of Gujarat State in India, are highly endangered and are considered to be highly inbred with narrow genetic diversity. An objective assessment of genetic diversity in their immune loci will help in assessing their survivability and may provide vital clues in designing strategies for their scientific management and conservation. We analyzed the comparative sequence polymorphism at exon 2 and exon 3 of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I in three groups of lions, i.e. wild Asiatic (from Gir forest), captive-bred Asiatic (from zoological parks in India), and Afro-Asiatic hybrid groups (from zoological parks in India) through polymorphism chain reaction-assisted sequence-based typing. The two exons were amplified, cloned, sequenced, and analyzed for polymorphism at nucleotide and putative translated product level. The analysis revealed extensive sequence polymorphism not only between clones derived from different lions but also the clones derived from a single lion. Furthermore, the wild Asiatic lions of Gir forest exhibited abundant sequence polymorphism at MHC class I comparable with that of Afro-Asiatic hybrid lions and significantly higher than that of captive-bred Asiatic lions. We hypothesize that Asiatic lions of Gir forest are not highly inbred as thought earlier and they possess abundant sequence polymorphism at MHC class I loci. During this study, 52 new sequences of the multigene MHC class I family were also identified among Asiatic lions.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Sachdev
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India
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Tendolkar U, Sharma A, Mathur M, Ranadive N, Sachdev M. EPIDURAL MASS DUE TO ASPERGILLUS FLAVUS CAUSING SPINAL CORD COMPRESSION - A CASE REPORT AND BRIEF UPDATE. Indian J Med Microbiol 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/s0255-0857(21)02597-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Chugh-Sachdev J, Sachdev M, Womeodu R, Wright K, Przepiorka D. African Americans with hepatocellular carcinoma have worse survival than Caucasians: A tumor registry study. J Clin Oncol 2005. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2005.23.16_suppl.6062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- J. Chugh-Sachdev
- Univ of Tennessee Cancer Institute, Memphis, TN; Univ of Tennessee, Memphis, TN; Methodist Univ Hosp, Memphis, TN
| | - M. Sachdev
- Univ of Tennessee Cancer Institute, Memphis, TN; Univ of Tennessee, Memphis, TN; Methodist Univ Hosp, Memphis, TN
| | - R. Womeodu
- Univ of Tennessee Cancer Institute, Memphis, TN; Univ of Tennessee, Memphis, TN; Methodist Univ Hosp, Memphis, TN
| | - K. Wright
- Univ of Tennessee Cancer Institute, Memphis, TN; Univ of Tennessee, Memphis, TN; Methodist Univ Hosp, Memphis, TN
| | - D. Przepiorka
- Univ of Tennessee Cancer Institute, Memphis, TN; Univ of Tennessee, Memphis, TN; Methodist Univ Hosp, Memphis, TN
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Abstract
BACKGROUND A pilot study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pulsed erbium:YAG laser ablation of autologous minipunch grafted sites for the treatment of refractory or stable vitiligo. METHODS Thirteen patients, seven men and six women, aged between 19 and 58 years, with Fitzpatrick skin types ranging from type IV to VI, were grafted. The pulsed erbium: YAG laser was used to create recipient graft sites. RESULTS Repigmentation was observed in 12 out of 13 patients. Failure of grafts to repigment ranged from 3% to 100%. No untoward side-effects of surgery were noted. CONCLUSIONS Using an erbium:YAG laser to create graft recipient sites permits the survival of punch harvested grafts and the spread of pigmentation to the surrounding skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Sachdev
- Department of Dermatology, Manipal Hospital, Bangalore, India
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Abstract
This study focuses on the use of buthionine sulphoximine (BSO), a gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase inhibitor, on Leishmania donovani growth. The effect of BSO on amastigote multiplication within macrophages showed that 5 mM BSO decreased infectivity by about 50% and the mean number of amastigotes per 100 infected macrophages by 21%. The mechanism may be that BSO resulted in enhanced nitric oxide (NO) levels within macrophages, probably due to inhibition of GSH content since GSH (10 mm) given after BSO treatment led to a decrease in NO compared to macrophages treated with BSO alone which were preexposed to the Leishmania surface molecule lipophosphoglycan.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Kapoor
- School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Suction blister grafting was performed via a modified simple technique using a 20-mL syringe to create the donor graft and pulsed erbium:YAG laser ablation of the recipient site. METHODS Two patients with stable vitiligo and one with postinflammatory depigmentation were studied. RESULTS The grafts took well in all three patients and pigmentation was retained at 20 weeks. No complications occurred. CONCLUSIONS The erbium:YAG laser is an ideal tool for creating graft recipient sites, given its precision in terms of width and depth of ablation. A 20-mL syringe can be used to create a blister of adequate size.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Sachdev
- Department of Dermatology, Manipal Hospital, Bangalore, India.
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Kumar S, Singh AK, Sachdev M. Colloid cyst of third ventricle--a study of 11 cases. J Indian Med Assoc 1998; 96:351, 353. [PMID: 10218324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
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Petroll WM, New K, Sachdev M, Cavanagh HD, Jester JV. Radial keratotomy. III. Relationship between wound gape and corneal curvature in primate eyes. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 1992; 33:3283-91. [PMID: 1428703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The relationship between changes in wound gape and corneal curvature after radial keratotomy (RK) was evaluated in five primates. Four-incision RK was performed using a diamond knife set to 100% of central corneal thickness with a 3-mm optical zone. In vivo measurements of wound gape were obtained using tandem scanning confocal microscopy at 3, 7, 14, and 45 days after surgery. The changes in corneal contour were measured at the same time points using a corneal modeling system with a specially designed primate cone. Wounds progressively increased in width to a maximum of 38 +/- 1 microns (n = 5) at day 7. After day 7, wounds showed increasing fibrosis which correlated with decreasing wound gape to 20 +/- 1 microns at day 45. A similar temporal change was detected in central corneal curvature (K), with maximum flattening occurring at day 7 (delta K = -3.17 +/- 0.90 diopters, n = 5), and progressive regression of effect to -1.32 +/- 0.61 diopters (n = 5) at day 45. Although there was interanimal variation, the mean temporal changes in corneal curvature significantly paralleled the changes in wound gape (r = -0.96, n = 4, P < 0.05). Based upon these findings, a simple geometric model was proposed which provides a hypothetic foundation for the relationship between corneal curvature and wound gape after RK. Calculations of wound gape made from this analytic model (using the measured topographic data) showed significant correlation with the actual wound gape measurements (r = 0.96, n = 4, P < 0.05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Affiliation(s)
- W M Petroll
- Center for Sight, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC
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MacKeen DL, Sachdev M, Ballou V, Cavanagh HD. A prospective multicenter clinical trial to assess safety and efficacy of Menicon SF-P RGP lenses for extended wear. CLAO J 1992; 18:183-6. [PMID: 1499126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
A prospective, multicenter, national clinical trial was undertaken to assess the safety and efficacy of Menicon SF-P (melafocon A) rigid gas permeable (RGP) contact lenses for extended wear in healthy human eyes. Ten investigators enrolled 167 patients (334 eyes), of which 143 (286 eyes) were initially fit with lenses for the 12-month study. Most subjects were reexamined at 18 months or more, with findings essentially unchanged from those noted at 1 year. Two hundred-two eyes (71%) completed the study. Seventy-two eyes (25%) discontinued, and 12 (4%) elected to continue extended wear. During the study, no significant adverse clinical reaction attributable to the lens was observed. Surface irritation, occasional punctate staining, and lens binding were very rare. The average wearing time was 6.2 days, mandated partially by FDA restrictions as well as patient response. As expected, keratometric shifts were principally vertical: less than 0.99 D (69%), 1.00-1.99 D (28%), and 2.00-2.99 D (4%). The majority of changes observed were toward sphericity. Two hundred lens replacements were required, 24% for adjustments in power/base curve. Only 16 lenses were replaced for warpage, and none for discoloration or crazing. Of those completing the study, 76% rated overall lens comfort and satisfaction to be very good. These results suggest that RGP lens extended wear can be safe and effective and offer patients an acceptable alternative to extended wear of disposable hydrogel lenses.
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Affiliation(s)
- D L MacKeen
- Center for Sight, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, D.C
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Abstract
Radiology plays an important role in the early diagnosis of congenital syphilis. Osseous manifestations in 55 cases of congenital syphilis have been analysed and their radiological appearances described. In addition to the common findings of metaphysitis, periostitis and osteitis of the long bones, unusual involvement of the skull, mandible, nasal septum, scapulae and short bones of the hands and feet was observed.
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