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Chander S, Gowthami R, Pandey R, Shankar M, Agrawal A. Cryoconservation of in vitro grown shoot tips of Cicer microphyllum: A crop wild relative of chickpea. Cryo Letters 2023; 44:360-368. [PMID: 38311930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cicer microphyllum Benth. is a crop wild relative (CWR) of chickpea (C. arietinum L.), that possess useful genes for cold and drought tolerance. The species is being conserved in the In Vitro Active Genebank for short- to medium-term conservation. Cryopreservation would be a useful complementary approach for its long-term conservation. OBJECTIVE The current work aimed to develop an efficient cryoconservation protocol for cryobanking of C. microphyllum shoot tips. MATERIALS AND METHODS In vitro shoot tips excised from 4-month old shoot cultures grown on B5 + 0.5 mg/L KIN + 0.1 mg/L NAA + 10 mg/L AgNO3 medium were cryoconserved using a droplet-vitrification technique. Post-thaw regrowth was evaluated after: (i) preculture medium (B5 basal, B5 + 3, 4, 6 and 10% sucrose), (ii) preculture incubation temperature (25 ± 2, 10, 8 and 22/5 degree C), (iii) PVS2 duration (10, 20, 30. 40, 50 and 60 min) and (iv) regrowth medium (B5) supplemented with 0.5 mg/L KIN + 0.1 NAA mg/L; 0.5 mg/L KIN + 0.1 mg/L NAA + 10 mg/L AgNO3; 0.2 mg/L BAP + 10 mg/L AgNO3; 0.2 mg/L BAP + 20 mg/L AgNO3 and 0.2 mg/L BAP + 30 mg/L AgNO3. RESULTS In vitro shoot tips grown on B5 + 0.5 mg/L KIN + 0.1 mg/L NAA + 10 mg/L AgNO3, precultured on B5 + 6% sucrose at 10 degree C for 3 days, followed by PVS2 treatment for 20 min, unloading solution for 60 min and regrowth on B5 + 0.2 mg/L BAP + 20 mg/L AgNO3 resulted in highest survival (57%) and regrowth (40%) after cryoconservation. CONCLUSION The standardized protocol was successfully used for cryobanking of in vitro shoot tips of C. microphyllum in the In Vitro Base Genebank of ICAR-NBPGR, New Delhi. Doi.org/10.54680/fr23610110412.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Chander
- Tissue Culture and Cryopreservation Unit, ICAR-National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources (NBPGR), New Delhi-110012, India
| | - R Gowthami
- Tissue Culture and Cryopreservation Unit, ICAR-National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources (NBPGR), New Delhi-110012, India
| | - R Pandey
- Tissue Culture and Cryopreservation Unit, ICAR-National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources (NBPGR), New Delhi-110012, India
| | - M Shankar
- Division of Plant Genetic Resources, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi-110012, India
| | - A Agrawal
- Tissue Culture and Cryopreservation Unit, ICAR-National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources (NBPGR); (present address) National Agricultural Higher Education Project, Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR), Krishi Anusandhan Bhawan-II, New Delhi-110012, India
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Bishnoi A, Shankar M, Lee R, Hu Y, Hernandez ME. Effects of Therapeutic Intervention on Spatiotemporal Gait Parameters in Adults With Neurologic Disorder: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2023; 104:451-474. [PMID: 35787837 DOI: 10.1016/j.apmr.2022.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to review and quantify the changes in gait parameters after therapeutic intervention in adults with neurologic disorders. DATA SOURCES A keyword search was performed in 4 databases: PubMed, CINAHL, Scopus, and Web of Science (01/2000-12/2021). We performed the search algorithm including all possible combinations of keywords. Full-text articles were examined further using forward/backward search methods. STUDY SELECTION Studies were thoroughly screened using the following inclusion criteria: Study design: randomized controlled trial; adults ≥55 years old with a neurologic disorder; therapeutic intervention; spatiotemporal gait characteristics; and language: English. DATA EXTRACTION A standardized data extraction form was used to collect the following methodological outcome variables from each of the included studies: author, year, population, age, sample size, and spatiotemporal gait parameters such as cadence, step length, step width, or double limb support. A meta-analysis was performed among trials presenting with similar characteristics, including study population and outcome measure. If heterogeneity was >50%, a random plot analysis was used; otherwise, a fixed plot analysis was done. DATA SYNTHESIS We included 25 out of 34 studies in our meta-analysis that examined gait in adults with neurologic disorders. All analyses used effect sizes and standard error and a P<.05(denoted by *) threshold was considered statistically significant. Overall, we found that sensory (SS) and electrical stimulation (ES) had the most significant effect on step length (SS: z=5.44*, ES: z=2.42*) and gait speed (SS: z=6.19*, ES: z=7.38*) in adults with Parkinson disease (PD). Although balance or physical activity interventions were not found to be effective in modifying step length in adults with PD, they showed a significant effect on gait speed. Further, physical activity had the most significant effect on cadence in adults with PD (z=2.84*) relative to sensory stimulation effect on cadence (z=2.59*). For stroke, conventional physical therapy had the most significant effect on step length (z=3.12*) and cadence (z=3.57*). CONCLUSION Sensory stimulation such as auditory and somatosensory stimulation while walking had the most significant effect on step length in adults with PD. We also found that conventional physical therapy did improve spatial gait parameters relative to other physical activity interventions in adults with PD and stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alka Bishnoi
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL; School of Physical Therapy, Kean University, Union, NJ.
| | - Meghna Shankar
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL
| | - Rachel Lee
- University of Chicago Medical Center, Department of Solid Organ Transplant, Chicago, IL
| | - Yang Hu
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL; Department of Kinesiology, San Jose State University, San Jose, CA
| | - Manuel E Hernandez
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL
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Pasha TY, Manojmouli C, Ramesh B, Prashant KN, Purushotham KN, Eain NU, Shankar M. Therapeutic Importance of Biological Half-Life of Antineoplastic Agents- A Review. app 2022. [DOI: 10.13189/app.2022.100405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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SHETTY B, Shankar M, c G S, Aral K, v L, Lingaraj U, Mehata R. POS-149 A STUDY ON SHORT TERM OUTCOMES OF INFECTION RELATED GLOMERULONEPHRITIS IN A TERTIARY CARE CENTRE FROM SOUTH INDIA. Kidney Int Rep 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ekir.2022.01.161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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Gillotay P, Shankar M, Haerlingen B, Sema Elif E, Pozo‐Morales M, Garteizgogeascoa I, Reinhardt S, Kränkel A, Bläsche J, Petzold A, Ninov N, Kesavan G, Lange C, Brand M, Lefort A, Libert F, Detours V, Costagliola S, Sumeet Pal S. Single-cell transcriptome analysis reveals thyrocyte diversity in the zebrafish thyroid gland. EMBO Rep 2020; 21:e50612. [PMID: 33140917 PMCID: PMC7726803 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202050612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The thyroid gland regulates growth and metabolism via production of thyroid hormone in follicles composed of thyrocytes. So far, thyrocytes have been assumed to be a homogenous population. To uncover heterogeneity in the thyrocyte population and molecularly characterize the non-thyrocyte cells surrounding the follicle, we developed a single-cell transcriptome atlas of the region containing the zebrafish thyroid gland. The 6249-cell atlas includes profiles of thyrocytes, blood vessels, lymphatic vessels, immune cells, and fibroblasts. Further, the thyrocytes show expression heterogeneity, including bimodal expression of the transcription factor pax2a. To validate thyrocyte heterogeneity, we generated a CRISPR/Cas9-based pax2a knock-in line that monitors pax2a expression in the thyrocytes. A population of pax2a-low mature thyrocytes interspersed in individual follicles can be distinguished. We corroborate heterogeneity within the thyrocyte population using RNA sequencing of pax2a-high and pax2a-low thyrocytes, which demonstrates 20% differential expression in transcriptome between the two subpopulations. Our results identify and validate transcriptional differences within the presumed homogenous thyrocyte population.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Meghna Shankar
- IRIBHMUniversité Libre de Bruxelles (ULB)BrusselsBelgium
| | | | - Eski Sema Elif
- IRIBHMUniversité Libre de Bruxelles (ULB)BrusselsBelgium
| | | | | | - Susanne Reinhardt
- DRESDEN‐concept Genome CenterDFG NGS Competence Center, c/o Center for Molecular and Cellular BioengineeringTU DresdenDresdenGermany
| | - Annekathrin Kränkel
- DRESDEN‐concept Genome CenterDFG NGS Competence Center, c/o Center for Molecular and Cellular BioengineeringTU DresdenDresdenGermany
| | - Juliane Bläsche
- DRESDEN‐concept Genome CenterDFG NGS Competence Center, c/o Center for Molecular and Cellular BioengineeringTU DresdenDresdenGermany
| | - Andreas Petzold
- DRESDEN‐concept Genome CenterDFG NGS Competence Center, c/o Center for Molecular and Cellular BioengineeringTU DresdenDresdenGermany
| | - Nikolay Ninov
- Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden (CRTD)TU DresdenDresdenGermany
| | - Gokul Kesavan
- Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden TU Dresden (CRTD), and Cluster of ExcellencePhysics of Life (PoL)TU DresdenDresdenGermany
| | - Christian Lange
- Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden TU Dresden (CRTD), and Cluster of ExcellencePhysics of Life (PoL)TU DresdenDresdenGermany
| | - Michael Brand
- Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden TU Dresden (CRTD), and Cluster of ExcellencePhysics of Life (PoL)TU DresdenDresdenGermany
| | - Anne Lefort
- Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden TU Dresden (CRTD), and Cluster of ExcellencePhysics of Life (PoL)TU DresdenDresdenGermany
| | - Frédérick Libert
- Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden TU Dresden (CRTD), and Cluster of ExcellencePhysics of Life (PoL)TU DresdenDresdenGermany
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Ahamed H, Balegadde AV, Menon S, Menon R, Ramachandran A, Mathew N, Natarajan KU, Nair IR, Kannan R, Shankar M, Mathew OK, Nguyen TT, Gupta R, Stawiski EW, Ramprasad VL, Seshagiri S, Phalke S. Phenotypic expression and clinical outcomes in a South Asian PRKAG2 cardiomyopathy cohort. Sci Rep 2020; 10:20610. [PMID: 33244021 PMCID: PMC7691361 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-77124-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The PRKAG2 syndrome is a rare autosomal dominant phenocopy of sarcomeric hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), characterized by ventricular pre-excitation, progressive conduction system disease and left ventricular hypertrophy. This study describes the phenotype, genotype and clinical outcomes of a South-Asian PRKAG2 cardiomyopathy cohort over a 7-year period. Clinical, electrocardiographic, echocardiographic, and cardiac MRI data from 22 individuals with PRKAG2 variants (68% men; mean age 39.5 ± 18.1 years), identified at our HCM centre were studied prospectively. At initial evaluation, all of the patients were in NYHA functional class I or II. The maximum left ventricular wall thickness was 22.9 ± 8.7 mm and left ventricular ejection fraction was 53.4 ± 6.6%. Left ventricular hypertrophy was present in 19 individuals (86%) at baseline. 17 patients had an WPW pattern (77%). After a mean follow-up period of 7 years, 2 patients had undergone accessory pathway ablation, 8 patients (36%) underwent permanent pacemaker implantation (atrio-ventricular blocks-5; sinus node disease-2), 3 patients developed atrial fibrillation, 11 patients (50%) developed progressive worsening in NYHA functional class, and 6 patients (27%) experienced sudden cardiac death or equivalent. PRKAG2 cardiomyopathy must be considered in patients with HCM and progressive conduction system disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisham Ahamed
- Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Kochi, India.
| | | | - Shilpa Menon
- Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Kochi, India
| | | | | | - Navin Mathew
- Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Kochi, India
| | - K U Natarajan
- Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Kochi, India
| | | | - Rajesh Kannan
- Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Kochi, India
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Somasekar Seshagiri
- Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, USA.,SciGenom Research Foundation, Kochi, India
| | - Sameer Phalke
- MedGenome Labs, Bangalore, India. .,SciGenom Labs Pvt Ltd, Kochi, India.
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Bell S, Shankar M, Guiella G, Khanna A, OlaOlorun F, Ahmad D, Omoluabi E, Moreau C. P33 Menstrual regulation: Incidence, methods, and sources of this understudied reproductive practice in three countries. Contraception 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.contraception.2020.07.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Chaudhury R, Shankar M, Rampal, Awasthi M, Thongam B, Malik S, Pritchard H. Seed cryopreservation of orchid Coelogyne nitida (Wall. ex don) lindl. using air desiccation and vitrification techniques. INDIAN JOURNAL OF PLANT GENETIC RESOURCES 2020; 33:146-153. [DOI: 10.5958/0976-1926.2020.00022.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/19/2023]
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Shankar M, Dennis Raj A, Purusothaman R, Vimalan M, Athimoolam S, Potheher IV. Studies on optical, electrical, mechanical and theoretical investigation of 4-nitro-benzoic acid (3-ethoxy-2-hydroxy-benzylidene)-hydrazide: A novel Schiff base organic NLO material. J Mol Struct 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2018.12.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Ratnayake G, Shankar M, Roberts K, Mason R, Hughes B, Lwin Z, Jain V, O’Byrne K, Chua B. Prior or concurrent radiotherapy and nivolumab immunotherapy in non-small cell lung cancer. Ann Oncol 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdy292.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Settem RP, Honma K, Shankar M, Li M, LaMonte M, Xu D, Genco RJ, Browne RW, Sharma A. Tannerella forsythia-produced methylglyoxal causes accumulation of advanced glycation endproducts to trigger cytokine secretion in human monocytes. Mol Oral Microbiol 2018; 33:292-299. [PMID: 29573211 DOI: 10.1111/omi.12224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The periodontal pathogen Tannerella forsythia has the unique ability to produce methylglyoxal (MGO), an electrophilic compound which can covalently modify amino acid side chains and generate inflammatory adducts known as advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs). In periodontitis, concentrations of MGO in gingival-crevicular fluid are increased and are correlated with the T. forsythia load. However, the source of MGO and the extent to which MGO may contribute to periodontal inflammation has not been fully explored. In this study we identified a functional homolog of the enzyme methylglyoxal synthase (MgsA) involved in the production of MGO in T. forsythia. While wild-type T.forsythia produced a significant amount of MGO in the medium, a mutant lacking this homolog produced little to no MGO. Furthermore, compared with the spent medium of the T. forsythia parental strain, the spent medium of the T. forsythia mgsA-deletion strain induced significantly lower nuclear factor-kappa B activity as well as proinflammogenic and pro-osteoclastogenic cytokines from THP-1 monocytes. The ability of T. forsythia to induce protein glycation endproducts via MGO was confirmed by an electrophoresis-based collagen chain mobility shift assay. Together these data demonstrated that T. forsythia produces MGO, which may contribute to inflammation via the generation of AGEs and thus act as a potential virulence factor of the bacterium.
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Affiliation(s)
- R P Settem
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Public Health and Health Related Professions, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - K Honma
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Public Health and Health Related Professions, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - M Shankar
- Department of Biotechnical and Clinical Laboratory Sciences, School of Public Health and Health Related Professions, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - M Li
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Public Health and Health Related Professions, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - M LaMonte
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Health Related Professions, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - D Xu
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Public Health and Health Related Professions, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - R J Genco
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Public Health and Health Related Professions, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - R W Browne
- Department of Biotechnical and Clinical Laboratory Sciences, School of Public Health and Health Related Professions, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - A Sharma
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Public Health and Health Related Professions, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
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Qureshi N, Bariana HS, Zhang P, McIntosh R, Bansal UK, Wong D, Hayden MJ, Dubcovsky J, Shankar M. Genetic Relationship of Stripe Rust Resistance Genes Yr34 and Yr48 in Wheat and Identification of Linked KASP Markers. Plant Dis 2018; 102:413-420. [PMID: 30673523 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-08-17-1144-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The Australian continent was free from wheat stripe rust caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici until exotic incursions occurred in 1979 and 2002. The 2002 incursion enabled the identification of a new stripe rust resistance gene (Yr34) in the advanced breeding line WAWHT2046. In this study, we developed and validated markers closely linked with Yr34, which is located in the distal region in the long arm of chromosome 5A. Four kompetitive allele-specific polymerase chain reaction (KASP) and three sequence-tagged site (STS) markers derived from the International Wheat Genome Sequencing Consortium RefSeq v1.0 scaffold-77836 cosegregated with Yr34. Markers sun711, sun712, sun725, sunKASP_109, and sunKASP_112 were shown to be suitable for marker-assisted selection in a validation panel of 71 Australian spring wheat genotypes, with the exception of cultivar Orion that carried the Yr34-linked alleles for sunKASP_109 and sunKASP_112. Markers previously reported to be linked with adult plant stripe rust resistance gene Yr48 also cosegregated with Yr34. Wheat genotypes carrying Yr34 and Yr48 produced identical haplotypes for the Yr34-linked markers identified in this study and those previously reported to be linked with Yr48. Phenotypic testing of genotypes carrying Yr34 and Yr48 showed that both genes conferred similar seedling responses to pre-2002 and post-2002 P. striiformis f. sp. tritici pathotypes. Further testing of 600 F2 plants from a cross between WAWHT2046 and RIL143 (Yr48) with P. striiformis f. sp. tritici pathotype 134 E16A+Yr17+Yr27+ failed to reveal any susceptible segregants. Our results strongly suggest that Yr34 and Yr48 are the same gene, and that Yr48 should be considered a synonym of Yr34.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Qureshi
- The University of Sydney Plant Breeding Institute, Faculty of Science, Cobbitty, NSW 2570, Australia
| | - H S Bariana
- The University of Sydney Plant Breeding Institute, Faculty of Science, Cobbitty, NSW 2570, Australia
| | - P Zhang
- The University of Sydney Plant Breeding Institute, Faculty of Science, Cobbitty, NSW 2570, Australia
| | - R McIntosh
- The University of Sydney Plant Breeding Institute, Faculty of Science, Cobbitty, NSW 2570, Australia
| | - U K Bansal
- The University of Sydney Plant Breeding Institute, Faculty of Science, Cobbitty, NSW 2570, Australia
| | - D Wong
- Department of Economic Development, Jobs, Transport and Resources, AgriBio Centre, La Trobe Research and Development Park, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia
| | - M J Hayden
- Department of Economic Development, Jobs, Transport and Resources, AgriBio Centre, La Trobe Research and Development Park, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia
| | - J Dubcovsky
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis 95616
| | - M Shankar
- Agriculture and Food, Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development, South Perth, WA 6151, Australia; and School of Agriculture and Environment, University of Western Australia, Crawley WA 6009, Australia
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Abstract
Ralstonia mannitolilytica is a Gram-negative soil bacteria. It is an emerging opportunistic pathogen in hospital-acquired infections. Maintenance hemodialysis patients at Manipal Hospital Outpatient Haemodialysis unit, Bengaluru, witnessed an outbreak of R. mannitolilytica infection between October 2016 and November 2016. Five patients were infected and one of them presented with infective endocarditis. All patients were successfully treated with antibiotic according to culture and sensitivity pattern. Immediately following the outbreak, environmental sampling was done. The culture from sterile water was positive for R. mannitolilytica growth. The Department of Infection Control ordered for discarding the whole batch of sterile water followed by water treatment with shock chlorination and room disinfection. Following implementation of the same, the outbreak of R. mannitolilytica infection was controlled. R. mannitolilytica infections are hospital acquired, affecting mainly immunocompromised patients. The disease onset and progression is rapid. Early identification of the organism and treatment with appropriate antibiotics is important.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Shankar
- Department of Nephrology, Manipal Hospital, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - S Rampure
- Department of Nephrology, Manipal Hospital, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - V Siddini
- Department of Nephrology, Manipal Hospital, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
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Dennis Raj A, Jeeva M, Shankar M, Venkatesa Prabhu G, Vimalan M, Vetha Potheher I. Synthesis, growth, physicochemical properties and DFT calculations of 2-naphthol substituted Mannich base 1-(morpholino(phenyl) methyl) naphthalen-2-ol: A non linear optical single crystal. J Mol Struct 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2017.06.133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Gobu R, Babu BH, Chandra K, Shankar M, Prakash O. Effect of Moisture stress on Key Physiological traits in Brinjal (Solanum melongena L.) Cultivars. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.5958/2229-4473.2017.00108.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Shankar M, Balasubramaniam A, Gowrishankar NL, Mahendran S. Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of New Bis-Indolyl (3-O-Benzyl-1,2-O-Isopropylidenexylopentadialdose-α-D-Glucofuranose). Pharm Chem J 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s11094-014-1071-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Shankar M, Balasubramaniam A, Gowrishankar NL, Mahendran S. Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of New Bis-Indolyl (3-O-Benzyl-1,2-O-Isopropylidenexylopentadialdose-α-D-Glucofuranose). Pharm Chem J 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s11094-014-1001-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Singh N, Mohanty S, Seth T, Shankar M, Vanamail P, Saxena S. Role of subendometrial autologous stem cell implantation in women with asherman's syndrome. Fertil Steril 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2013.07.715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Shankar M, Balasubramaniam A, Gowrishankar NL, Mahendran S. Synthesis and biological evaluation of new bis-indolyl (3-O-benzyl-1,2-O-isopropylidenexylopentadialdose-α-D-glucofuranose). Pharm Chem J 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s11094-012-0804-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Harikrishna
- a Aptuit Laurus Private Limited , ICICI Knowledge Park , Hyderabad , India
| | - H. Rama Mohan
- a Aptuit Laurus Private Limited , ICICI Knowledge Park , Hyderabad , India
| | - P. K. Dubey
- b Department of Chemistry , College of Engineering, J N T University , Hyderabad , India
| | - M. Shankar
- a Aptuit Laurus Private Limited , ICICI Knowledge Park , Hyderabad , India
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Francki MG, Shankar M, Walker E, Loughman R, Golzar H, Ohm H. New quantitative trait loci in wheat for flag leaf resistance to Stagonospora nodorum blotch. Phytopathology 2011; 101:1278-84. [PMID: 21770777 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-02-11-0054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Stagonospora nodorum blotch (SNB) is a significant disease in some wheat-growing regions of the world. Resistance in wheat to Stagonospora nodorum is complex, whereby genes for seedling, flag leaf, and glume resistance are independent. The aims of this study were to identify alternative genes for flag leaf resistance, to compare and contrast with known quantitative trait loci (QTL) for SNB resistance, and to determine the potential role of host-specific toxins for SNB QTL. Novel QTL for flag leaf resistance were identified on chromosome 2AS inherited from winter wheat parent 'P92201D5' and chromosome 1BS from spring wheat parent 'EGA Blanco'. The chromosomal map position of markers associated with QTL on 1BS and 2AS indicated that they were unlikely to be associated with known host-toxin insensitivity loci. A QTL on chromosome 5BL inherited from EGA Blanco had highly significant association with markers fcp001 and fcp620 based on disease evaluation in 2007 and, therefore, is likely to be associated with Tsn1-ToxA insensitivity for flag leaf resistance. However, fcp001 and fcp620 were not associated with a QTL detected based on disease evaluation in 2008, indicating two linked QTL for flag leaf resistance with multiple genes residing on 5BL. This study identified novel QTL and their effects in controlling flag leaf SNB resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- M G Francki
- Department of Agriculture and Food Western Australia, Australia.
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Abstract
Persistent mullerian duct syndrome is a rare disorder characterized by the presence of uterus and fallopian tube in 46XY phenotypic males and is ascribed to defects in the synthesis or action of anti-mullerian hormone. We report a rare case of hernia uterine inguinale, transverse testicular ectopia associated with mixed germ cell tumor of the testis with metastasis. Transverse testicular ectopia should be suspected preoperatively in patients who have unilateral inguinal hernia associated with contralateral nonpalpable testis. In such cases ultrasonography should be done prior to repair of hernia to evaluate the possible presence of mullerian structures and testicular malignancy, for better management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajshekhar C Jaka
- Department of Surgery, SDU Medical college and RLJ Hospital and Research Centre, Tamaka, Kolar, Karnataka - 563 101, India
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Bhandarkar DS, Shah RS, Katara AN, Shankar M, Chandiramani VA, Udwadia TE. Laparoscopic biopsy in patients with abdominal lymphadenopathy. J Minim Access Surg 2011; 3:14-8. [PMID: 20668613 PMCID: PMC2910374 DOI: 10.4103/0972-9941.30681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2006] [Accepted: 12/10/2006] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Abdominal lymphadenopathy (AL) - a common clinical scenario faced by clinicians - often poses a diagnostic challenge. In the absence of palpable peripheral nodes, tissue has to be obtained from the abdominal nodes by image-guided biopsy or surgery. In this context a laparoscopic biopsy avoids the morbidity of a laparotomy. Aim: This retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data represents our experience with laparoscopic biopsy of abdominal lymph nodes. Materials and Methods: Between October 2000 and November 2005, 28 patients with AL underwent laparoscopic biopsy. Pre-operative radiological imaging studies had identified a nodal mass in 20, a solitary node in 1, a cold abscess in 1 and a mesenteric cystic lesion in 1 patient. In five patients with chronic right lower abdominal pain and normal ultra-sonographic findings mesenteric nodes were identified and biopsied during diagnostic laparoscopy. Results: The sites of biopsied lymph nodes included para-aortic (10), mesenteric (8), external iliac (3), left gastric (2), obturator (1), aorto-caval (1) and porta hepatis (1). One patient with enlarged peripancreatic nodes mass and another with a mesenteric cystic mass had cold abscesses drained in addition to biopsy. There were no perioperative complications and the median postoperative stay was 2 days (range 1-4 days). Histopathology revealed tuberculosis in 23 patients, reactive adenitis in 2, lymphoma in 1 metastatic carcinoma in 1, and a retroperitoneal sarcoma in 1. Conclusions: In patients with AL, laparoscopy provides a safe and effective means of obtaining biopsy. It is of particular value in patients in whom (a) the nodes are small or present in locations unsuitable for image-guided biopsy, (b) adequate tissue cannot be obtained by image-guided biopsy or (c) previously undiagnosed lymphadenopathy is encountered during diagnostic laparoscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- D S Bhandarkar
- Department of Minimal Access Surgery, P. D. Hinduja National Hospital, Veer Savarkar Road, Mahim, Mumbai, India
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Babu V, Uthayakumar M, Kirti Vaishnavi M, Senthilkumar R, Shankar M, Archana C, Sathya Priya S, Sekar K. RPS: Repeats in Protein Sequences. J Appl Crystallogr 2011. [DOI: 10.1107/s0021889811009393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Repeats are two or more contiguous segments of amino acid residues that are believed to have arisen as a result of intragenic duplication, recombination and mutation events. These repeats can be utilized for protein structure prediction and can provide insights into the protein evolution and phylogenetic relationship. Therefore, to aid structural biologists and phylogeneticists in their research, a computing resource (a web server and a database), Repeats in Protein Sequences (RPS), has been created. Using RPS, users can obtain useful information regarding identical, similar and distant repeats (of varying lengths) in protein sequences. In addition, users can check the frequency of occurrence of the repeats in sequence databases such as the Genome Database, PIR and SWISS-PROT and among the protein sequences available in the Protein Data Bank archive. Furthermore, users can view the three-dimensional structure of the repeats using the Java visualization plug-inJmol. The proposed computing resource can be accessed over the World Wide Web at http://bioserver1.physics.iisc.ernet.in/rps/.
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Abstract
We wanted to evaluate the efficacy, safety and acceptability of misoprostol for outpatient management of missed miscarriage. This was a prospective observational study conducted in the early pregnancy unit of a university teaching hospital involving women attending the unit with a diagnosis of missed miscarriage. All women with a missed miscarriage of <12 weeks' gestation and opting to have medical management were eligible for inclusion. Women who consented to take part were given 800 microg of misoprostol in the unit and advised to take two further doses of 400 microg of misoprostol, orally, 3 h apart, the following day at home. Outcome measures included success rates, emergency admission rates, blood transfusion rates, pain scores, satisfaction scores, incidence rates of side-effects and number of women who would choose medical management in future. Of the 268 women diagnosed as having a missed miscarriage during the study period, 75 (28.0%) opted to have medical management. Over three-quarters (n = 58, 77.3%, 95% confidence interval (CI) 66.2 - 86.2) of the women achieved successful complete medical evacuation. Overall, five (6.7%; 95% CI 2.2 - 14.8) women presented for emergency admission. The mean visual analogue scale (VAS) score of all women was 6.7 (SD = 2.8) and the mean satisfaction score was 8.6 (SD = 2.1). Two-thirds of women (n = 50, 66.7%) said that they would choose to have medical evacuation in a future miscarriage, while seven (9.3%) were unsure. A total of 70 (93.3%) women said they preferred to have the treatment at home rather than in the hospital. We conclude that medical evacuation of missed miscarriage is efficacious, safe and acceptable in the outpatient setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Shankar
- Early Pregnancy Unit, Royal Freeand UC Medical School, London, UK.
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Shankar M, Walker E, Golzar H, Loughman R, Wilson RE, Francki MG. Quantitative trait loci for seedling and adult plant resistance to Stagonospora nodorum in wheat. Phytopathology 2008; 98:886-93. [PMID: 18943206 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-98-8-0886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Stagonospora nodorum blotch (SNB) caused by Stagonospora nodorum is a severe disease of wheat (Triticum aestivum) in many areas of the world. S. nodorum affects both seedling and adult plants causing necrosis of leaf and glume tissue, inhibiting photosynthetic capabilities, and reducing grain yield. The aims of this study were to evaluate disease response of 280 doubled haploid (DH) individuals derived from a cross between resistant (6HRWSN125) and susceptible (WAWHT2074) genotypes, compare quantitative trait loci (QTL) for seedling and adult plant resistance in two consecutive years, and assess the contribution of QTL on grain weight. Flag leaves and glumes of individuals from the DH population were inoculated with mixed isolates of S. nodorum at similar maturity time to provide accurate disease evaluation independent of morphological traits and identify true resistance for QTL analysis. Fungicide protected and inoculated plots were used to measure relative grain weight (RGW) as a yield-related trait under pathogen infection. The lack of similar QTL and little or no correlation in disease scores indicate different genes control seedling and adult plant disease and independent genes control flag leaf and glume resistance. This study consistently identified a QTL on chromosome 2DL for flag leaf resistance (QSnl.daw-2D) and 4BL for glume resistance (QSng.daw-4B) from the resistant parent, 6HRWSN125, explaining 4 to 19% of the phenotypic variation at each locus. A total of 5 QTL for RGW were consistently detected, where two were in the same marker interval for QSnl.daw-2D and QSng.daw-4B indicating the contribution of these QTL to yield related traits. Therefore, RGW measurement in QTL analysis could be used as a reliable indicator of grain yield affected by S. nodorum infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Shankar
- Department of Agriculture and Food, South Perth, WA, Australia
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Appendectomy is one of the commonest procedures in surgery. In spite of various investigations used to improve the accuracy of diagnosis, the rate of normal appendices removed is still about 15-30%. Many studies have investigated the role of C-reactive protein (CRP) in acute appendicitis, but with conflicting results. METHODS In a prospective, double blind study, blood for the measurement of serum C-reactive protein was collected pre-operatively from 192 children before going to the operating theatre for appendectomy. The histopathology was grouped into positive (acute appendicitis) and negative (normal appendix) and this was correlated with CRP values. RESULTS CRP was normal in 14 out of 33 negative explorations (normal appendix on histopathology). The specificity and sensitivity of serum CRP was 42% and 91% respectively. The predictive value of a positive (raised CRP) and negative (normal CRP) test is 88% and 48% respectively. CONCLUSION We conclude that neither raised nor normal CRP value is helpful in the diagnosis of acute appendicitis. CRP is not a good tool for helping the surgeon make the diagnosis of appendicitis and it should not be measured in suspected appendicitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Amalesh
- Department of Surgery, Kilpauk Medical College, Chennai, India
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Abstract
The objectives of this study were to identify the impact of menorrhagia on the health-related quality of life (HRQOL) of women in general and those with inherited bleeding disorders and to identify the commonly used tools in assessing quality of life. A review of studies evaluating quality of life in women suffering from menorrhagia was conducted. Data sources used included electronic databases Medline and Embase. Reference lists and bibliographies of the relevant papers and books were hand-searched for additional studies. Eighteen of the 53 studies identified measured quality of life prior to treatment of menorrhagia. Ten of the studies used a validated measure of quality of life. Five studies involving a total of 1171 women with menorrhagia in general and using SF-36 were considered for further review. The mean SF-36 scores in women with menorrhagia were worse in all the eight scales when compared with normative scores from a general population of women. Three studies, involving 187 women, assessed the quality of life in women with menorrhagia and inherited bleeding disorders. None of these studies used a validated HRQOL score making it difficult for comparison. However, all reported poorer scores in study women compared to the controls. In conclusion, HRQOL is adversely affected in women with menorrhagia in general and in those with inherited bleeding disorders. HRQOL evaluation is useful in the management of women with menorrhagia for assessment of treatment efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Shankar
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Royal Free Hospital, London, UK
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Bariana HS, Parry N, Barclay IR, Loughman R, McLean RJ, Shankar M, Wilson RE, Willey NJ, Francki M. Identification and characterization of stripe rust resistance gene Yr34 in common wheat. Theor Appl Genet 2006; 112:1143-8. [PMID: 16435125 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-006-0216-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2005] [Accepted: 01/07/2006] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
An uncharacterized source of seedling resistance to Puccinia striiformis f.sp. tritici was identified in an advanced wheat breeding line WAWHT2046. Genetic analysis based on a WAWHT2046/Carnamah-derived double haploid (DH) population demonstrated monogenic inheritance of seedling stripe rust resistance in WAWHT2046. The gene controlling stripe rust resistance in line WAWHT2046 was tentatively designated YrWA. The chromosome 5AL located awn inhibitor gene B1, possessed by WAWHT2046, also showed monogenic inheritance when the DH population was scored for the presence and absence of awns. Joint segregation analysis at the B1 and YrWA loci indicated genetic linkage between the two loci. A recombination value of 12.2 cM was computed using Mapmanager. This association located YrWA in the chromosome arm 5AL. Molecular mapping using microsatellite markers placed YrWA distal to B1. All molecular markers mapped proximal to the awn inhibitor locus B1. As no other stripe rust resistance gene is reported to be located in the chromosome arm 5AL, YrWA was permanently designated as Yr34. Yr34 produced an intermediate (23C) seedling infection type and expressed very low stripe rust response (10R-MR) on adult plants in the field, similar to the resistance gene Yr17. In addition to Yr34, this mapping population segregated for three genetically independent adult plant stripe rust resistance genes. The detection of DH lines with completely susceptible response, higher than that shown by the Yr34-lacking parent Carnamah, suggested that both parents contributed adult plant resistance. The use of WAWHT2046 as a parent in breeding programs would also contribute APR in addition to Yr34.
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Affiliation(s)
- H S Bariana
- Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Natural Resources, University of Sydney Plant Breeding Institute-Cobbitty, PMB11, Camden, NSW 2570, Australia.
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Shankar M, Dutta R, Gkaras A, Tan B, Kadir RA, Economides D. Prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis and bacterial vaginosis in women presenting to the early pregnancy unit. J OBSTET GYNAECOL 2006; 26:15-9. [PMID: 16390702 DOI: 10.1080/01443610500363899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
A total of 674 women attending the early pregnancy unit during the study period were offered screening with high vaginal and endocervical swabs and 516 agreed to participate in the study. The overall prevalence of chlamydia was 1.96% (95% CI 0.9-3.6). Some 10.5% were under the age of 25 years and the prevalence in this group was 1.85% (95% CI 0.05-9.9). The overall prevalence of bacterial vaginosis was 3.5% (95% CI 2.2-5.5). The prevalence of common genital infections is low in a population of women presenting to the early pregnancy unit. This is of relevance to women having surgical evacuation for miscarriage and randomised trials should be undertaken to evaluate the role of prophylactic antibiotics for such cases.
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Phillips W, Shankar M, Santos LR. Evidence of kind representations in the absence of language from two monkey species. J Vis 2005. [DOI: 10.1167/5.8.736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Shankar M, Gough GW, Chakravarti S, Vellacott ID. Massive Feto-Maternal Haemorrhage with Good Perinatal Outcome following Failed External Cephalic Version. Fetal Diagn Ther 2003; 19:68-71. [PMID: 14646421 DOI: 10.1159/000074263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2002] [Accepted: 01/17/2003] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To reinforce the risk of feto-maternal haemorrhage associated with external cephalic version for breech presentation. METHOD A single case report with a literature review. RESULTS Our case report was associated with the largest feto-maternal haemorrhage following external cephalic version reported so far. The perinatal outcome in this case was favourable despite a significant amount of fetal haemorrhage. The literature review did include cases with unfavourable outcomes. No reliable method of monitoring fetuses with feto-maternal haemorrhage has been reported, although middle cerebral artery Doppler studies appear to show promise. CONCLUSION External cephalic version is useful in the management of breech presentations at term, but it is not without risks and clinicians need to be aware of this.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Shankar
- Lincoln County Hospital, Lincoln, UK.
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Sairam K, Hemalatha S, Kumar A, Srinivasan T, Ganesh J, Shankar M, Venkataraman S. Evaluation of anti-diarrhoeal activity in seed extracts of Mangifera indica. J Ethnopharmacol 2003; 84:11-15. [PMID: 12499070 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-8741(02)00250-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Mangifera indica is commonly grown in many parts of the world. Its seeds have been used for anti-diarrhoeal activity in Indian traditional medicine. This study evaluates the potential anti-diarrhoeal activity of methanolic (MMI) and aqueous (AMI) extracts of seeds of M. indica in experimental diarrhoea, induced by castor oil and magnesium sulphate in mice. Both MMI and AMI were given orally in the dose of 250 mg/kg, showed significant anti-diarrhoeal activity comparable with that of the standard drug loperamide. However, only MMI significantly reduced intestinal transit in charcoal meal test as compared with atropine sulphate (5 mg/kg; im). The in vitro antimicrobial activity of MMI and AMI showed variable results. While, AMI significantly inhibited growth of Streptococcus aureus and Proteus vulgaris, both MMI and AMI did not show any significant effect on growth of E. coli and Klebsiella. The results illustrate that the extracts of M. indica have significant anti-diarrhoeal activity and part of the activity of MMI may be attributed to its effect on intestinal transit.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Sairam
- Department of Pharmacology, SRM College of Pharmacy, Kattankulathur, Chennai, India
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Yang H, Shankar M, Buirchell J, Sweetingham W, Caminero C, Smith C. Development of molecular markers using MFLP linked to a gene conferring resistance to Diaporthe toxica in narrow-leafed lupin ( Lupinus angustifolius L.). Theor Appl Genet 2002; 105:265-270. [PMID: 12582528 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-002-0925-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2001] [Accepted: 11/14/2001] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Phomopsis stem blight (PSB) caused by Diaporthe toxica is a major disease in narrow-leafed lupin ( Lupinus angustifolius L.). The F(2) progeny and the parental plants from a cross between a breeding line 75A:258 (containing a single dominant resistance gene Phr1 against the disease) and a commercial cultivar Unicrop (susceptible to the disease) were used for development of molecular markers linked to the disease resistance gene. Two pairs of co-dominant DNA polymorphisms were detected using the microsatellite-anchored fragment length polymorphism (MFLP) technique. Both pairs of polymorphisms were isolated from the MFLP gels, re-amplified by PCR, sequenced, and converted into co-dominant, sequence-specific and PCR-based markers. Linkage analysis by MAPMAKER suggested that one marker (Ph258M2) was 5.7 centiMorgans (cM) from Phr1, and the other marker (Ph258M1) was 2.1 cM from Ph258M2 but further away from Phr1. These markers are suitable for marker-assisted selection (MAS) in lupin breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- H. Yang
- Crop Improvement Institute, Department of Agriculture Western Australia, Locked Bag No. 4, Bentley Delivery Center 6983, WA 6983, Australia,
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Abstract
We aimed to calculate the stillbirth rate at each gestation and also determine antenatal factors, which may be associated with unexplained stillbirth in a large UK teaching hospital. This was a retrospective study of all the stillbirths between January 1995 and October 1998. There were 27 170 births at > or =24 weeks, gestation during the study period. Of these 161 were stillbirths giving a stillbirth rate of 5.9/1000; 149 (92.5%) were antepartum. Eighty-two (50.9%) were unexplained. The "risk" of unexplained stillbirth per 1000 ongoing pregnancies was 0.3 at 24-25 weeks, fell steadily to 0.07 at 30-31 weeks and then rose to a peak of 1.16 at 40-41 weeks. About half (49.2%) of the pregnancies that ended in unexplained stillbirths had a normal antenatal course with no associated factors. Associated factors in the unexplained stillbirth group were identified in 50.8% of cases. The most common was intrauterine growth restriction, identified in 41.5% of cases. The "risk" of stillbirth increases at term. No significant antenatal associated factor, detection of which would aid prevention, could be identified in the majority of cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Shankar
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Leicester Warwick Medical School, RobertKilpatrick Medical Sciences Building, Leicester Royal Infirmary, Leicester LE2 7LX, UK
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Shankar M, Cowling WA, Sweetingham MW. Histological observations of latent infection and tissue colonization by Diaporthe toxica in resistant and susceptible narrow-leafed lupins. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1998. [DOI: 10.1139/b98-118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Latent infection and tissue colonization by Diaporthe toxica was examined by light, scanning, and transmission electron microscopy in stems, leaves, and petioles of resistant and susceptible narrow-leafed lupins (Lupinus angustifolius). Resistance was observed during the latent phase of the disease as an incompatible reaction between the host and pathogen that appeared to occur after penetration of the cuticle. Conidia were attached firmly to the cuticle by an extracellular substance presumably exuded from the conidia. Conidia penetrated the cuticle directly via an infection peg and formed subcuticular coralloid hyphae. The frequency of subcuticular coralloid hyphae was similar on stems, leaves, and petioles of each line. At 14 days after inoculation, resistant plants had a high frequency of small coralloid hyphae (10-80 µm length). The epidermal cells beneath these small coralloid hyphae appeared necrotic and collapsed with accumulation of polyphenolics and electron-dense substances and a loss of internal organisation in the cytoplasm. Necrosis was occasionally observed in small coralloid hyphae as well. Susceptible plants had a high frequency of large coralloid hyphae (80-400 µm length) in which intrahyphal hyphae were observed, and host epidermal cells beneath large coralloid hyphae appeared normal. Colonization of tissues below the cuticle began immediately after excision of stems from susceptible plants, but was delayed in resistant plants. At 8 days after excision, hyphae had invaded all stem tissues and initiated the formation of pycnidia in susceptible plants, but few hyphae were observed in stems of resistant plants.Key words: Diaporthe toxica, coralloid hyphae, Lupinus angustifolius, resistance.
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Shankar M, Kurtböke DI, Gillespie-Sasse LMJ, Rowland CY, Sivasithamparam K. Possible roles of competition for thiamine, production of inhibitory compounds, and hyphal interactions in suppression of the take-all fungus by a sterile red fungus. Can J Microbiol 1994. [DOI: 10.1139/m94-077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Possible mechanisms involved in the suppression of the take-all fungus (Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici) by a sterile red fungus were examined. Studies on the effects of foliar application of thiamine to plants showed a reduction in take-all suppression by the sterile red fungus thereby indicating that competition for this particular vitamin, required by both fungi, could be one of the mechanisms of antagonism. Treatment with the exudate produced by the sterile red fungus on solid substrates resulted in lysis of the hyphae of the take-all fungus. Exudate produced on sterilised wheat seeds was more inhibitory to the take-all fungus than that produced on ryegrass seeds. Fungal inhibition increased as the duration of exposure to the exudate increased. The primary effects of hyphal interactions between the sterile red fungus and the take-all fungus were evident as coiling and contact lysis. It is possible that a combination of mechanisms including the above may be involved in suppression of the take-all fungus by the sterile red fungus.Key words: take-all suppression, sterile red fungus.
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