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Ellis JL, Evason KJ, Zhang C, Fourman MN, Liu J, Ninov N, Delous M, Vanhollebeke B, Fiddes I, Otis JP, Houvras Y, Farber SA, Xu X, Lin X, Stainier DYR, Yin C. A missense mutation in the proprotein convertase gene furinb causes hepatic cystogenesis during liver development in zebrafish. Hepatol Commun 2022; 6:3083-3097. [PMID: 36017776 PMCID: PMC9592797 DOI: 10.1002/hep4.2038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatic cysts are fluid-filled lesions in the liver that are estimated to occur in 5% of the population. They may cause hepatomegaly and abdominal pain. Progression to secondary fibrosis, cirrhosis, or cholangiocarcinoma can lead to morbidity and mortality. Previous studies of patients and rodent models have associated hepatic cyst formation with increased proliferation and fluid secretion in cholangiocytes, which are partially due to impaired primary cilia. Congenital hepatic cysts are thought to originate from faulty bile duct development, but the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. In a forward genetic screen, we identified a zebrafish mutant that developed hepatic cysts during larval stages. The cyst formation was not due to changes in biliary cell proliferation, bile secretion, or impairment of primary cilia. Instead, time-lapse live imaging data showed that the mutant biliary cells failed to form interconnecting bile ducts because of defects in motility and protrusive activity. Accordingly, immunostaining revealed a disorganized actin and microtubule cytoskeleton in the mutant biliary cells. By whole-genome sequencing, we determined that the cystic phenotype in the mutant was caused by a missense mutation in the furinb gene, which encodes a proprotein convertase. The mutation altered Furinb localization and caused endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. The cystic phenotype could be suppressed by treatment with the ER stress inhibitor 4-phenylbutyric acid and exacerbated by treatment with the ER stress inducer tunicamycin. The mutant liver also exhibited increased mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling. Treatment with mTOR inhibitors halted cyst formation at least partially through reducing ER stress. Conclusion: Our study has established a vertebrate model for studying hepatic cystogenesis and illustrated the contribution of ER stress in the disease pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jillian L. Ellis
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and NutritionCincinnati Children's Hospital Medical CenterCincinnatiOhioUSA
| | - Kimberley J. Evason
- Department of Biochemistry and BiophysicsProgram in Developmental and Stem Cell BiologyLiver Center and Diabetes CenterUniversity of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
- Huntsman Cancer Institute and Department of PathologyUniversity of UtahSalt Lake CityUtahUSA
| | - Changwen Zhang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and NutritionCincinnati Children's Hospital Medical CenterCincinnatiOhioUSA
| | - Makenzie N. Fourman
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and NutritionCincinnati Children's Hospital Medical CenterCincinnatiOhioUSA
| | - Jiandong Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and BiophysicsProgram in Developmental and Stem Cell BiologyLiver Center and Diabetes CenterUniversity of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
- McAllister Heart InstituteDepartment of Pathology and Laboratory MedicineSchool of MedicineThe University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Nikolay Ninov
- Department of Biochemistry and BiophysicsProgram in Developmental and Stem Cell BiologyLiver Center and Diabetes CenterUniversity of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
- Center for Regenerative Therapies TU DresdenDresdenGermany
- Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus of TU DresdenGerman Center for Diabetes ResearchDresdenGermany
| | - Marion Delous
- Department of Biochemistry and BiophysicsProgram in Developmental and Stem Cell BiologyLiver Center and Diabetes CenterUniversity of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
- Equipe GENDEVCentre de Recherche en Neurosciences de LyonInserm U1028CNRS UMR5292Universite Lyon 1Universite St EtienneLyonFrance
| | - Benoit Vanhollebeke
- Department of Biochemistry and BiophysicsProgram in Developmental and Stem Cell BiologyLiver Center and Diabetes CenterUniversity of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
- Laboratory of Neurovascular SignalingDepartment of Molecular BiologyULB Neuroscience InstituteUniversite Libre de BruxellesGosseliesBelgium
| | - Ian Fiddes
- Department of Biochemistry and BiophysicsProgram in Developmental and Stem Cell BiologyLiver Center and Diabetes CenterUniversity of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Jessica P. Otis
- Department of EmbryologyCarnegie Institution for ScienceBaltimoreMarylandUSA
- Department of BiologyJohns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreMarylandUSA
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology and BiochemistryBrown UniversityProvidenceRhode IslandUSA
| | - Yariv Houvras
- Weill Cornell Medical College and New York Presbyterian HospitalNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Steven A. Farber
- Department of EmbryologyCarnegie Institution for ScienceBaltimoreMarylandUSA
- Department of BiologyJohns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Xiaolei Xu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyDepartment of Cardiovascular MedicineMayo ClinicRochesterMinnesotaUSA
| | - Xueying Lin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyDepartment of Cardiovascular MedicineMayo ClinicRochesterMinnesotaUSA
| | - Didier Y. R. Stainier
- Department of Biochemistry and BiophysicsProgram in Developmental and Stem Cell BiologyLiver Center and Diabetes CenterUniversity of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
- Department of Developmental GeneticsMax Planck Institute for Heart and Lung ResearchBad NauheimGermany
| | - Chunyue Yin
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and NutritionCincinnati Children's Hospital Medical CenterCincinnatiOhioUSA
- Department of Biochemistry and BiophysicsProgram in Developmental and Stem Cell BiologyLiver Center and Diabetes CenterUniversity of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
- Division of Developmental BiologyCincinnati Children's Hospital Medical CenterCincinnatiOhioUSA
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2
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Singh SP, Chawla P, Hnatiuk A, Kamel M, Silva LD, Spanjaard B, Eski SE, Janjuha S, Olivares-Chauvet P, Kayisoglu O, Rost F, Bläsche J, Kränkel A, Petzold A, Kurth T, Reinhardt S, Junker JP, Ninov N. A single-cell atlas of de novo β-cell regeneration reveals the contribution of hybrid β/δ-cells to diabetes recovery in zebrafish. Development 2022; 149:274140. [PMID: 35088828 DOI: 10.1242/dev.199853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Regeneration-competent species possess the ability to reverse the progression of severe diseases by restoring the function of the damaged tissue. However, the cellular dynamics underlying this capability remain unexplored. Here, we have used single-cell transcriptomics to map de novo β-cell regeneration during induction and recovery from diabetes in zebrafish. We show that the zebrafish has evolved two distinct types of somatostatin-producing δ-cells, which we term δ1- and δ2-cells. Moreover, we characterize a small population of glucose-responsive islet cells, which share the hormones and fate-determinants of both β- and δ1-cells. The transcriptomic analysis of β-cell regeneration reveals that β/δ hybrid cells provide a prominent source of insulin expression during diabetes recovery. Using in vivo calcium imaging and cell tracking, we further show that the hybrid cells form de novo and acquire glucose-responsiveness in the course of regeneration. The overexpression of dkk3, a gene enriched in hybrid cells, increases their formation in the absence of β-cell injury. Finally, interspecies comparison shows that plastic δ1-cells are partially related to PP cells in the human pancreas. Our work provides an atlas of β-cell regeneration and indicates that the rapid formation of glucose-responsive hybrid cells contributes to the resolution of diabetes in zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumeet Pal Singh
- IRIBHM, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 1070 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Prateek Chawla
- Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Alisa Hnatiuk
- Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Margrit Kamel
- Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Luis Delgadillo Silva
- Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Bastiaan Spanjaard
- Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Sema Elif Eski
- IRIBHM, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 1070 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sharan Janjuha
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zurich, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Pedro Olivares-Chauvet
- Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Oezge Kayisoglu
- The Julius Maximilian University of Wurzburg, 97070 Wurzburg, Germany
| | - Fabian Rost
- Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany.,DRESDEN-concept Genome Center, DFG NGS Competence Center, c/o Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering (CMCB), Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Juliane Bläsche
- DRESDEN-concept Genome Center, DFG NGS Competence Center, c/o Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering (CMCB), Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Annekathrin Kränkel
- DRESDEN-concept Genome Center, DFG NGS Competence Center, c/o Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering (CMCB), Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Andreas Petzold
- DRESDEN-concept Genome Center, DFG NGS Competence Center, c/o Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering (CMCB), Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Thomas Kurth
- TUD, Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering (CMCB), Technology Platform, EM-Facility, Technische Universitaät Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Susanne Reinhardt
- DRESDEN-concept Genome Center, DFG NGS Competence Center, c/o Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering (CMCB), Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Jan Philipp Junker
- Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Nikolay Ninov
- Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany.,Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden of the Helmholtz Zentrum München at the University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus of Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
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3
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Delgadillo-Silva LF, Akhtar MN, Taşöz E, Ninov N. Simultaneous Calcium Imaging and Glucose Stimulation in Living Zebrafish to Investigate In Vivo β-Cell Function. J Vis Exp 2021. [PMID: 34633379 DOI: 10.3791/62347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The pancreatic β-cells sustain systemic glucose homeostasis by producing and secreting insulin according to the blood glucose levels. Defects in β-cell function are associated with hyperglycemia that can lead to diabetes. During the process of insulin secretion, β-cells experience an influx of Ca2+. Thus, imaging the glucose-stimulated Ca2+ influx using genetically encoded calcium indicators (GECIs) provides an avenue to studying β-cell function. Previously, studies showed that isolated zebrafish islets expressing GCaMP6s exhibit significant Ca2+ activity upon stimulation with defined glucose concentrations. However, it is paramount to study how β-cells respond to glucose not in isolation, but in their native environment, where they are systemically connected, vascularized, and densely innervated. To this end, the study leveraged the optical transparency of the zebrafish larvae at early stages of development to illuminate β-cell activity in vivo. Here, a detailed protocol for Ca2+ imaging and glucose stimulation to investigate β-cell function in vivo is presented. This technique allows to monitor the coordinated Ca2+ dynamics in β-cells with single-cell resolution. Additionally, this method can be applied to work with any injectable solution such as small molecules or peptides. Altogether, the protocol illustrates the potential of the zebrafish model to investigate islet coordination in vivo and to characterize how environmental and genetic components might affect β-cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Nikolay Ninov
- Centre for Regenerative Therapies TU Dresden; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus of TU Dresden;
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4
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Mousavy Gharavy SN, Owen BM, Millership SJ, Chabosseau P, Pizza G, Martinez-Sanchez A, Tasoez E, Georgiadou E, Hu M, Fine NHF, Jacobson DA, Dickerson MT, Idevall-Hagren O, Montoya A, Kramer H, Mehta Z, Withers DJ, Ninov N, Gadue PJ, Cardenas-Diaz FL, Cruciani-Guglielmacci C, Magnan C, Ibberson M, Leclerc I, Voz M, Rutter GA. Sexually dimorphic roles for the type 2 diabetes-associated C2cd4b gene in murine glucose homeostasis. Diabetologia 2021; 64:850-864. [PMID: 33492421 PMCID: PMC7829492 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-020-05350-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Variants close to the VPS13C/C2CD4A/C2CD4B locus are associated with altered risk of type 2 diabetes in genome-wide association studies. While previous functional work has suggested roles for VPS13C and C2CD4A in disease development, none has explored the role of C2CD4B. METHODS CRISPR/Cas9-induced global C2cd4b-knockout mice and zebrafish larvae with c2cd4a deletion were used to study the role of this gene in glucose homeostasis. C2 calcium dependent domain containing protein (C2CD)4A and C2CD4B constructs tagged with FLAG or green fluorescent protein were generated to investigate subcellular dynamics using confocal or near-field microscopy and to identify interacting partners by mass spectrometry. RESULTS Systemic inactivation of C2cd4b in mice led to marked, but highly sexually dimorphic changes in body weight and glucose homeostasis. Female C2cd4b mice displayed unchanged body weight compared with control littermates, but abnormal glucose tolerance (AUC, p = 0.01) and defective in vivo, but not in vitro, insulin secretion (p = 0.02). This was associated with a marked decrease in follicle-stimulating hormone levels as compared with wild-type (WT) littermates (p = 0.003). In sharp contrast, male C2cd4b null mice displayed essentially normal glucose tolerance but an increase in body weight (p < 0.001) and fasting blood glucose (p = 0.003) after maintenance on a high-fat and -sucrose diet vs WT littermates. No metabolic disturbances were observed after global inactivation of C2cd4a in mice, or in pancreatic beta cell function at larval stages in C2cd4a null zebrafish. Fasting blood glucose levels were also unaltered in adult C2cd4a-null fish. C2CD4B and C2CD4A were partially localised to the plasma membrane, with the latter under the control of intracellular Ca2+. Binding partners for both included secretory-granule-localised PTPRN2/phogrin. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Our studies suggest that C2cd4b may act centrally in the pituitary to influence sex-dependent circuits that control pancreatic beta cell function and glucose tolerance in rodents. However, the absence of sexual dimorphism in the impact of diabetes risk variants argues for additional roles for C2CD4A or VPS13C in the control of glucose homeostasis in humans. DATA AVAILABILITY The datasets generated and/or analysed during the current study are available in the Biorxiv repository ( www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.05.18.099200v1 ). RNA-Seq (GSE152576) and proteomics (PXD021597) data have been deposited to GEO ( www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/query/acc.cgi?acc=GSE152576 ) and ProteomeXchange ( www.ebi.ac.uk/pride/archive/projects/PXD021597 ) repositories, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Neda Mousavy Gharavy
- Section of Cell Biology and Functional Genomics, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
| | - Bryn M Owen
- Section of Investigative Medicine, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
| | - Steven J Millership
- Section of Cell Biology and Functional Genomics, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, London, UK
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Pauline Chabosseau
- Section of Cell Biology and Functional Genomics, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
| | - Grazia Pizza
- Section of Cell Biology and Functional Genomics, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
| | - Aida Martinez-Sanchez
- Section of Cell Biology and Functional Genomics, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
| | - Emirhan Tasoez
- DFG-Center for Regenerative Therapies, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Eleni Georgiadou
- Section of Cell Biology and Functional Genomics, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
| | - Ming Hu
- Section of Cell Biology and Functional Genomics, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
| | - Nicholas H F Fine
- Section of Cell Biology and Functional Genomics, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
| | - David A Jacobson
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Matthew T Dickerson
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | | | - Alex Montoya
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, London, UK
| | - Holger Kramer
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, London, UK
| | - Zenobia Mehta
- Section of Cell Biology and Functional Genomics, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
| | - Dominic J Withers
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, London, UK
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Nikolay Ninov
- DFG-Center for Regenerative Therapies, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Paul J Gadue
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, CTRB, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | | | - Christophe Magnan
- Regulation of Glycemia by Central Nervous System, BFA, UMR 8251, CNRS Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Mark Ibberson
- Vital-IT Group, SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Isabelle Leclerc
- Section of Cell Biology and Functional Genomics, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
| | - Marianne Voz
- Laboratory of Zebrafish Development and Disease Models, University of Liège (ULg), Liège, Belgium
| | - Guy A Rutter
- Section of Cell Biology and Functional Genomics, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK.
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.
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5
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Bornstein SR, Guan K, Brunßen C, Mueller G, Kamvissi-Lorenz V, Lechler R, Trembath R, Mayr M, Poston L, Sancho R, Ahmed S, Alfar E, Aljani B, Alves TC, Amiel S, Andoniadou CL, Bandral M, Belavgeni A, Berger I, Birkenfeld A, Bonifacio E, Chavakis T, Chawla P, Choudhary P, Cujba AM, Delgadillo Silva LF, Demcollari T, Drotar DM, Duin S, El-Agroudy NN, El-Armouche A, Eugster A, Gado M, Gavalas A, Gelinsky M, Guirgus M, Hansen S, Hanton E, Hasse M, Henneicke H, Heller C, Hempel H, Hogstrand C, Hopkins D, Jarc L, Jones PM, Kamel M, Kämmerer S, King AJF, Kurzbach A, Lambert C, Latunde-Dada Y, Lieberam I, Liers J, Li JW, Linkermann A, Locke S, Ludwig B, Manea T, Maremonti F, Marinicova Z, McGowan BM, Mickunas M, Mingrone G, Mohanraj K, Morawietz H, Ninov N, Peakman M, Persaud SJ, Pietzsch J, Cachorro E, Pullen TJ, Pyrina I, Rubino F, Santambrogio A, Schepp F, Schlinkert P, Scriba LD, Siow R, Solimena M, Spagnoli FM, Speier S, Stavridou A, Steenblock C, Strano A, Taylor P, Tiepner A, Tonnus W, Tree T, Watt F, Werdermann M, Wilson M, Yusuf N, Ziegler CG. The transCampus Metabolic Training Programme Explores the Link of SARS-CoV-2 Virus to Metabolic Disease. Horm Metab Res 2021; 53:204-206. [PMID: 33652492 DOI: 10.1055/a-1377-6583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Currently, we are experiencing a true pandemic of a communicable disease by the virus SARS-CoV-2 holding the whole world firmly in its grasp. Amazingly and unfortunately, this virus uses a metabolic and endocrine pathway via ACE2 to enter our cells causing damage and disease. Our international research training programme funded by the German Research Foundation has a clear mission to train the best students wherever they may come from to learn to tackle the enormous challenges of diabetes and its complications for our society. A modern training programme in diabetes and metabolism does not only involve a thorough understanding of classical physiology, biology and clinical diabetology but has to bring together an interdisciplinary team. With the arrival of the coronavirus pandemic, this prestigious and unique metabolic training programme is facing new challenges but also new opportunities. The consortium of the training programme has recognized early on the need for a guidance and for practical recommendations to cope with the COVID-19 pandemic for the community of patients with metabolic disease, obesity and diabetes. This involves the optimal management from surgical obesity programmes to medications and insulin replacement. We also established a global registry analyzing the dimension and role of metabolic disease including new onset diabetes potentially triggered by the virus. We have involved experts of infectious disease and virology to our faculty with this metabolic training programme to offer the full breadth and scope of expertise needed to meet these scientific challenges. We have all learned that this pandemic does not respect or heed any national borders and that we have to work together as a global community. We believe that this transCampus metabolic training programme provides a prime example how an international team of established experts in the field of metabolism can work together with students from all over the world to address a new pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- S R Bornstein
- Department of Medicine III, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany
- Division of Diabetes & Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
- University Hospital Zurich, Department of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Zurich, Switzerland
- Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden (PLID) of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus and Medical Faculty, Dresden, Germany
| | - K Guan
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - C Brunßen
- Division of Vascular Endothelium and Microcirculation, Department of Medicine III, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany
| | - G Mueller
- Department of Medicine III, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany
| | - V Kamvissi-Lorenz
- Division of Diabetes & Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | | | - R Trembath
- Department of Medical & Molecular Genetics, King's College London, London, UK
| | - M Mayr
- School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Science, Faculty of Life Science & Medicine, KCL, London, UK
| | - L Poston
- Department of Women and Children's Health, School of Life Course Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - R Sancho
- Department of Medicine III, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany
- Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - S Ahmed
- Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - E Alfar
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - B Aljani
- Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - T C Alves
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - S Amiel
- Department of Diabetes Research, School of Life Course Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - C L Andoniadou
- Department of Medicine III, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany
- Craniofacial Development and Stem Cell Biology, KCL, London, UK
| | - M Bandral
- Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden (PLID) of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus and Medical Faculty, Dresden, Germany
| | - A Belavgeni
- Department of Medicine III, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany
| | - I Berger
- Department of Medicine III, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany
| | - A Birkenfeld
- Department of Medicine III, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany
- Division of Diabetes & Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - E Bonifacio
- Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden (PLID) of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus and Medical Faculty, Dresden, Germany
| | - T Chavakis
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - P Chawla
- Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden (PLID) of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus and Medical Faculty, Dresden, Germany
| | - P Choudhary
- Division of Diabetes & Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - A M Cujba
- Department of Medicine III, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany
| | - L F Delgadillo Silva
- Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden (PLID) of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus and Medical Faculty, Dresden, Germany
| | - T Demcollari
- Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - D M Drotar
- Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden (PLID) of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus and Medical Faculty, Dresden, Germany
| | - S Duin
- Department of Medicine III, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany
- Centre for Translational Bone, Joint and Soft Tissue Research, Medical Faculty and University Hospital, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - N N El-Agroudy
- Department of Medicine III, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany
| | - A El-Armouche
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - A Eugster
- Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - M Gado
- Department of Medicine III, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany
| | - A Gavalas
- Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden (PLID) of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus and Medical Faculty, Dresden, Germany
| | - M Gelinsky
- Centre for Translational Bone, Joint and Soft Tissue Research, Medical Faculty and University Hospital, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - M Guirgus
- Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden (PLID) of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus and Medical Faculty, Dresden, Germany
| | - S Hansen
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - E Hanton
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, Guy's Hospital, London, UK
| | - M Hasse
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - H Henneicke
- Department of Medicine III, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany
| | - C Heller
- Department of Medicine III, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany
| | - H Hempel
- Division of Vascular Endothelium and Microcirculation, Department of Medicine III, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany
| | - C Hogstrand
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, KCL, London, UK
| | - D Hopkins
- Department of Diabetic Medicine, King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust and KCL, London, UK
| | - L Jarc
- Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden (PLID) of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus and Medical Faculty, Dresden, Germany
| | - P M Jones
- Department of Diabetes Research, School of Life Course Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - M Kamel
- Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden (PLID) of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus and Medical Faculty, Dresden, Germany
| | - S Kämmerer
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - A J F King
- Department of Diabetes Research, School of Life Course Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - A Kurzbach
- Department of Medicine III, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany
| | - C Lambert
- Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | | | - I Lieberam
- Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - J Liers
- Department of Radiopharmaceutical and Chemical Biology, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany
| | - J W Li
- Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - A Linkermann
- Department of Medicine III, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany
| | - S Locke
- Department of Medicine III, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany
| | - B Ludwig
- Department of Medicine III, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany
- University Hospital Zurich, Department of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Zurich, Switzerland
- Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden (PLID) of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus and Medical Faculty, Dresden, Germany
- Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - T Manea
- Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - F Maremonti
- Department of Medicine III, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany
| | - Z Marinicova
- Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden (PLID) of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus and Medical Faculty, Dresden, Germany
| | - B M McGowan
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, London, UK
| | - M Mickunas
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, Guy's Hospital, London, UK
| | - G Mingrone
- Department of Diabetes Research, School of Life Course Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - K Mohanraj
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - H Morawietz
- Division of Vascular Endothelium and Microcirculation, Department of Medicine III, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany
| | - N Ninov
- Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden (PLID) of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus and Medical Faculty, Dresden, Germany
| | - M Peakman
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, Guy's Hospital, London, UK
| | - S J Persaud
- Department of Diabetes Research, School of Life Course Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - J Pietzsch
- Department of Radiopharmaceutical and Chemical Biology, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany
| | - E Cachorro
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - T J Pullen
- School of Life Course Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, KCL, London, UK
| | - I Pyrina
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - F Rubino
- Department of Diabetes Research, School of Life Course Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - A Santambrogio
- Department of Medicine III, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany
| | - F Schepp
- Department of Medicine III, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany
| | - P Schlinkert
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - L D Scriba
- Department of Medicine III, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany
| | - R Siow
- Vascular Biology & Inflammation Section, School of Cardiovascular Medicine & Sciences, British Heart Foundation of Research Excellence, King's College London, London, UK
| | - M Solimena
- Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden (PLID) of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus and Medical Faculty, Dresden, Germany
- Molecular Diabetology, University Hospital and Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - F M Spagnoli
- Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - S Speier
- Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden (PLID) of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus and Medical Faculty, Dresden, Germany
| | - A Stavridou
- Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - C Steenblock
- Department of Medicine III, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany
| | - A Strano
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - P Taylor
- Department of Women and Children's Health, School of Life Course Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - A Tiepner
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - W Tonnus
- Department of Medicine III, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany
| | - T Tree
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, Guy's Hospital, London, UK
| | - F Watt
- Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - M Werdermann
- Department of Medicine III, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany
| | - M Wilson
- School of Life Course Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, KCL, London, UK
| | - N Yusuf
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, Guy's Hospital, London, UK
| | - C G Ziegler
- Department of Medicine III, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany
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6
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Gillotay P, Shankar M, Haerlingen B, Sema Elif E, Pozo‐Morales M, Garteizgogeascoa I, Reinhardt S, Kränkel A, Bläsche J, Petzold A, Ninov N, Kesavan G, Lange C, Brand M, Lefort A, Libert F, Detours V, Costagliola S, Sumeet Pal S. Single-cell transcriptome analysis reveals thyrocyte diversity in the zebrafish thyroid gland. EMBO Rep 2020; 21:e50612. [PMID: 33140917 PMCID: PMC7726803 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202050612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The thyroid gland regulates growth and metabolism via production of thyroid hormone in follicles composed of thyrocytes. So far, thyrocytes have been assumed to be a homogenous population. To uncover heterogeneity in the thyrocyte population and molecularly characterize the non-thyrocyte cells surrounding the follicle, we developed a single-cell transcriptome atlas of the region containing the zebrafish thyroid gland. The 6249-cell atlas includes profiles of thyrocytes, blood vessels, lymphatic vessels, immune cells, and fibroblasts. Further, the thyrocytes show expression heterogeneity, including bimodal expression of the transcription factor pax2a. To validate thyrocyte heterogeneity, we generated a CRISPR/Cas9-based pax2a knock-in line that monitors pax2a expression in the thyrocytes. A population of pax2a-low mature thyrocytes interspersed in individual follicles can be distinguished. We corroborate heterogeneity within the thyrocyte population using RNA sequencing of pax2a-high and pax2a-low thyrocytes, which demonstrates 20% differential expression in transcriptome between the two subpopulations. Our results identify and validate transcriptional differences within the presumed homogenous thyrocyte population.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Meghna Shankar
- IRIBHMUniversité Libre de Bruxelles (ULB)BrusselsBelgium
| | | | - Eski Sema Elif
- IRIBHMUniversité Libre de Bruxelles (ULB)BrusselsBelgium
| | | | | | - Susanne Reinhardt
- DRESDEN‐concept Genome CenterDFG NGS Competence Center, c/o Center for Molecular and Cellular BioengineeringTU DresdenDresdenGermany
| | - Annekathrin Kränkel
- DRESDEN‐concept Genome CenterDFG NGS Competence Center, c/o Center for Molecular and Cellular BioengineeringTU DresdenDresdenGermany
| | - Juliane Bläsche
- DRESDEN‐concept Genome CenterDFG NGS Competence Center, c/o Center for Molecular and Cellular BioengineeringTU DresdenDresdenGermany
| | - Andreas Petzold
- DRESDEN‐concept Genome CenterDFG NGS Competence Center, c/o Center for Molecular and Cellular BioengineeringTU DresdenDresdenGermany
| | - Nikolay Ninov
- Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden (CRTD)TU DresdenDresdenGermany
| | - Gokul Kesavan
- Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden TU Dresden (CRTD), and Cluster of ExcellencePhysics of Life (PoL)TU DresdenDresdenGermany
| | - Christian Lange
- Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden TU Dresden (CRTD), and Cluster of ExcellencePhysics of Life (PoL)TU DresdenDresdenGermany
| | - Michael Brand
- Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden TU Dresden (CRTD), and Cluster of ExcellencePhysics of Life (PoL)TU DresdenDresdenGermany
| | - Anne Lefort
- Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden TU Dresden (CRTD), and Cluster of ExcellencePhysics of Life (PoL)TU DresdenDresdenGermany
| | - Frédérick Libert
- Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden TU Dresden (CRTD), and Cluster of ExcellencePhysics of Life (PoL)TU DresdenDresdenGermany
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7
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Rutter GA, Ninov N, Salem V, Hodson DJ. Comment on Satin et al. "Take Me To Your Leader": An Electrophysiological Appraisal of the Role of Hub Cells in Pancreatic Islets. Diabetes 2020;69:830-836. Diabetes 2020; 69:e10-e11. [PMID: 32820056 PMCID: PMC7458040 DOI: 10.2337/db20-0501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guy A Rutter
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, U.K.
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Nikolay Ninov
- Center for Regenerative Therapies at Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Dresden, Germany
| | - Victoria Salem
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, U.K
| | - David J Hodson
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research (IMSR), University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, U.K.
- Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Birmingham Health Partners, Birmingham, U.K
- Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), University of Birmingham and University of Nottingham, Midlands, Birmingham, U.K
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8
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Chawla P, Delgadillo Silva LF, Ninov N. Insights on β-cell regeneration from the zebrafish shoal: from generation of cells to functional integration. Current Opinion in Physiology 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cophys.2019.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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9
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Salem V, Silva LD, Suba K, Georgiadou E, Neda Mousavy Gharavy S, Akhtar N, Martin-Alonso A, Gaboriau DCA, Rothery SM, Stylianides T, Carrat G, Pullen TJ, Singh SP, Hodson DJ, Leclerc I, Shapiro AMJ, Marchetti P, Briant LJB, Distaso W, Ninov N, Rutter GA. Leader β-cells coordinate Ca 2+ dynamics across pancreatic islets in vivo. Nat Metab 2019; 1:615-629. [PMID: 32694805 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-019-0075-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic β-cells form highly connected networks within isolated islets. Whether this behaviour pertains to the situation in vivo, after innervation and during continuous perfusion with blood, is unclear. In the present study, we used the recombinant Ca2+ sensor GCaMP6 to assess glucose-regulated connectivity in living zebrafish Danio rerio, and in murine or human islets transplanted into the anterior eye chamber. In each setting, Ca2+ waves emanated from temporally defined leader β-cells, and three-dimensional connectivity across the islet increased with glucose stimulation. Photoablation of zebrafish leader cells disrupted pan-islet signalling, identifying these as likely pacemakers. Correspondingly, in engrafted mouse islets, connectivity was sustained during prolonged glucose exposure, and super-connected 'hub' cells were identified. Granger causality analysis revealed a controlling role for temporally defined leaders, and transcriptomic analyses revealed a discrete hub cell fingerprint. We thus define a population of regulatory β-cells within coordinated islet networks in vivo. This population may drive Ca2+ dynamics and pulsatile insulin secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Salem
- Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK.
| | - Luis Delgadillo Silva
- Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Kinga Suba
- Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | | | | | - Nadeem Akhtar
- Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | | | - David C A Gaboriau
- Facility for Imaging by Light Microscopy, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Stephen M Rothery
- Facility for Imaging by Light Microscopy, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | | | - Gaelle Carrat
- Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Timothy J Pullen
- Department of Diabetes, Faculty of Life Science and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Sumeet Pal Singh
- Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - David J Hodson
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, UK
- Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Birmingham Health Partners, Birmingham, UK
- Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors, University of Birmingham and University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | | | - A M James Shapiro
- Clinical Islet Laboratory and Clinical Islet Transplant Program, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | | | | | | | - Nikolay Ninov
- Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
- Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus of TU Dresden, German Center for Diabetes Research, Dresden, Germany.
| | - Guy A Rutter
- Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK.
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10
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Dickmeis T, Feng Y, Mione MC, Ninov N, Santoro M, Spaink HP, Gut P. Nano-Sampling and Reporter Tools to Study Metabolic Regulation in Zebrafish. Front Cell Dev Biol 2019; 7:15. [PMID: 30873407 PMCID: PMC6401643 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2019.00015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
In the past years, evidence has emerged that hallmarks of human metabolic disorders can be recapitulated in zebrafish using genetic, pharmacological or dietary interventions. An advantage of modeling metabolic diseases in zebrafish compared to other "lower organisms" is the presence of a vertebrate body plan providing the possibility to study the tissue-intrinsic processes preceding the loss of metabolic homeostasis. While the small size of zebrafish is advantageous in many aspects, it also has shortcomings such as the difficulty to obtain sufficient amounts for biochemical analyses in response to metabolic challenges. A workshop at the European Zebrafish Principal Investigator meeting in Trento, Italy, was dedicated to discuss the advantages and disadvantages of zebrafish to study metabolic disorders. This perspective article by the participants highlights strategies to achieve improved tissue-resolution for read-outs using "nano-sampling" approaches for metabolomics as well as live imaging of zebrafish expressing fluorescent reporter tools that inform on cellular or subcellular metabolic processes. We provide several examples, including the use of reporter tools to study the heterogeneity of pancreatic beta-cells within their tissue environment. While limitations exist, we believe that with the advent of new technologies and more labs developing methods that can be applied to minimal amounts of tissue or single cells, zebrafish will further increase their utility to study energy metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Dickmeis
- Institute of Toxicology and Genetics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Yi Feng
- Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland
| | | | - Nikolay Ninov
- DFG-Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Cluster of Excellence, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), Neuherberg, Germany
| | | | - Herman P. Spaink
- Institute of Biology Leiden, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Philipp Gut
- Nestlé Research, EPFL Innovation Park, Lausanne, Switzerland
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11
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Delgadillo-Silva LF, Tsakmaki A, Akhtar N, Franklin ZJ, Konantz J, Bewick GA, Ninov N. Modelling pancreatic β-cell inflammation in zebrafish identifies the natural product wedelolactone for human islet protection. Dis Model Mech 2019; 12:12/1/dmm036004. [PMID: 30679186 PMCID: PMC6361155 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.036004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Islet inflammation and cytokine production are implicated in pancreatic β-cell dysfunction and diabetes pathogenesis. However, we lack therapeutics to protect the insulin-producing β-cells from inflammatory damage. Closing this clinical gap requires the establishment of new disease models of islet inflammation to facilitate screening efforts aimed at identifying new protective agents. Here, we have developed a genetic model of Interleukin-1β (Il-1β)-driven islet inflammation in zebrafish, a vertebrate that allows for non-invasive imaging of β-cells and in vivo drug discovery. Live imaging of immune cells and β-cells in our model revealed dynamic migration, increased visitation and prolonged macrophage retention in the islet, together with robust activation of NF-κB signalling in β-cells. We find that Il-1β-mediated inflammation does not cause β-cell destruction but, rather, it impairs β-cell function and identity. In vivo, β-cells exhibit impaired glucose-stimulated calcium influx and reduced expression of genes involved in function and maturity. These defects are accompanied by α-cell expansion, glucose intolerance and hyperglycemia following a glucose challenge. Notably, we show that a medicinal plant derivative (wedelolactone) is capable of reducing the immune-cell infiltration while also ameliorating the hyperglycemic phenotype of our model. Importantly, these anti-diabetic properties in zebrafish are predictive of wedelolactone's efficacy in protecting rodent and human islets from cytokine-induced apoptosis. In summary, this new zebrafish model of diabetes opens a window to study the interactions between immune and β-cells in vivo, while also allowing the identification of therapeutic agents for protecting β-cells from inflammation. Summary: A model of islet inflammation in zebrafish exhibits functional β-cell silencing and a lack of glucose responsiveness. A natural compound that rescues the glucose defect in zebrafish can protect human islets from inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Fernando Delgadillo-Silva
- Centre for Regenerative Therapies TU Dresden, Dresden 01307, Germany.,Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus of TU Dresden, German Center for Diabetes Reseach (DZD e.V.), Dresden 01307, Germany
| | - Anastasia Tsakmaki
- Diabetes Research Group, School of Life Course Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, London SE1 91UL, UK
| | - Nadeem Akhtar
- Centre for Regenerative Therapies TU Dresden, Dresden 01307, Germany
| | - Zara J Franklin
- Diabetes Research Group, School of Life Course Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, London SE1 91UL, UK
| | - Judith Konantz
- Centre for Regenerative Therapies TU Dresden, Dresden 01307, Germany
| | - Gavin A Bewick
- Diabetes Research Group, School of Life Course Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, London SE1 91UL, UK
| | - Nikolay Ninov
- Centre for Regenerative Therapies TU Dresden, Dresden 01307, Germany.,Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus of TU Dresden, German Center for Diabetes Reseach (DZD e.V.), Dresden 01307, Germany.,Centre for Regenerative Therapies TU Dresden, Dresden 01307, Germany
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12
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Abstract
Pancreatic beta-cells respond to increasing blood glucose concentrations by secreting the hormone insulin. The dysfunction of beta-cells leads to hyperglycemia and severe, life-threatening consequences. Understanding how the beta-cells operate under physiological conditions and what genetic and environmental factors might cause their dysfunction could lead to better treatment options for diabetic patients. The ability to measure calcium levels in beta-cells serves as an important indicator of beta-cell function, as the influx of calcium ions triggers insulin release. Here we describe a protocol for monitoring the glucose-stimulated calcium influx in zebrafish beta-cells by using GCaMP6s, a genetically encoded sensor of calcium. The method allows monitoring the intracellular calcium dynamics with single-cell resolution in ex vivo mounted islets. The glucose-responsiveness of beta-cells within the same islet can be captured simultaneously under different glucose concentrations, which suggests the presence of functional heterogeneity among zebrafish beta-cells. Furthermore, the technique provides high temporal and spatial resolution, which reveals the oscillatory nature of the calcium influx upon glucose stimulation. Our approach opens the doors to use the zebrafish as a model to investigate the contribution of genetic and environmental factors to beta-cell function and dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharan Janjuha
- Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering, TU Dresden; Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus of TU Dresden
| | | | - Nikolay Ninov
- Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering, TU Dresden; Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus of TU Dresden;
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13
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Abstract
On 11 January 1922 insulin injection was used for the first time in the treatment of diabetes. Even today, daily insulin injections are the life-saving treatment for patients with Type 1 diabetes and advanced Type 2 diabetes. However, insulin injections often fail to achieve full glucose control, which in the long-term leads to multiple complications and mortality. Beta-cells, the natural producers and secretors of insulin, remain the gold-standard in regulating blood glucose levels. In this review, we focus on three strategies aiming at counteracting beta-cell loss in order to gain insulin independence: replacement, replication and protection. The three approaches, together termed as the triumvirate of beta-cell regeneration, may constitute the basis for a future cure for diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumeet P Singh
- DFG-Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Cluster of Excellence, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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14
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So J, Khaliq M, Evason K, Ninov N, Martin BL, Stainier DY, Shin D. Wnt/β-catenin signaling controls intrahepatic biliary network formation in zebrafish by regulating notch activity. Hepatology 2018; 67:2352-2366. [PMID: 29266316 PMCID: PMC5991997 DOI: 10.1002/hep.29752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2016] [Revised: 11/10/2017] [Accepted: 12/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Malformations of the intrahepatic biliary structure cause cholestasis, a liver pathology that corresponds to poor bile flow, which leads to inflammation, fibrosis, and cirrhosis. Although the specification of biliary epithelial cells (BECs) that line the bile ducts is fairly well understood, the molecular mechanisms underlying intrahepatic biliary morphogenesis remain largely unknown. Wnt/β-catenin signaling plays multiple roles in liver biology; however, its role in intrahepatic biliary morphogenesis remains unclear. Using pharmacological and genetic tools that allow one to manipulate Wnt/β-catenin signaling, we show that in zebrafish both suppression and overactivation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling impaired intrahepatic biliary morphogenesis. Hepatocytes, but not BECs, exhibited Wnt/β-catenin activity; and the global suppression of Wnt/β-catenin signaling reduced Notch activity in BECs. Hepatocyte-specific suppression of Wnt/β-catenin signaling also reduced Notch activity in BECs, indicating a cell nonautonomous role for Wnt/β-catenin signaling in regulating hepatic Notch activity. Reducing Notch activity to the same level as that observed in Wnt-suppressed livers also impaired biliary morphogenesis. Intriguingly, expression of the Notch ligand genes jag1b and jag2b in hepatocytes was reduced in Wnt-suppressed livers and enhanced in Wnt-overactivated livers, revealing their regulation by Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Importantly, restoring Notch activity rescued the biliary defects observed in Wnt-suppressed livers. CONCLUSION Wnt/β-catenin signaling cell nonautonomously controls Notch activity in BECs by regulating the expression of Notch ligand genes in hepatocytes, thereby regulating biliary morphogenesis. (Hepatology 2018;67:2352-2366).
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Affiliation(s)
- Juhoon So
- Department of Developmental Biology, Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - Mehwish Khaliq
- Department of Developmental Biology, Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - Kimberley Evason
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Programs in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Genetics and Human Genetics, Diabetes Center, and Liver Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Nikolay Ninov
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Programs in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Genetics and Human Genetics, Diabetes Center, and Liver Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA,Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Benjamin L. Martin
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Didier Y.R. Stainier
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Programs in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Genetics and Human Genetics, Diabetes Center, and Liver Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA,Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Donghun Shin
- Department of Developmental Biology, Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA,Correspondence: Donghun Shin, 3501 5 Ave. #5063 Pittsburgh, PA 15260, 1-412-624-2144 (phone), 1-412-383-2211 (fax),
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15
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Spanjaard B, Hu B, Mitic N, Olivares-Chauvet P, Janjuha S, Ninov N, Junker JP. Simultaneous lineage tracing and cell-type identification using CRISPR-Cas9-induced genetic scars. Nat Biotechnol 2018; 36:469-473. [PMID: 29644996 PMCID: PMC5942543 DOI: 10.1038/nbt.4124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 311] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
A key goal of developmental biology is to understand how a single cell transforms into a full-grown organism comprising many different cell types. Single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) is commonly used to identify cell types in a tissue or organ1. However, organizing the resulting taxonomy of cell types into lineage trees to understand developmental origin of cells remains challenging. Here we present LINNAEUS (LINeage tracing by Nuclease-Activated Editing of Ubiquitous Sequences)—a strategy for simultaneous lineage tracing and transcriptome profiling in thousands of single cells. By combining scRNA-seq with computational analysis of lineage barcodes, generated by genome editing of transgenic reporter genes, we reconstruct developmental lineage trees in zebrafish larvae, and in heart, liver, pancreas and telencephalon of adult fish. LINNAEUS provides a systematic approach for tracing the origin of novel cell types, or known cell types under different conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bastiaan Spanjaard
- Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Bo Hu
- Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Nina Mitic
- Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Pedro Olivares-Chauvet
- Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sharan Janjuha
- DFG-Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Nikolay Ninov
- DFG-Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Jan Philipp Junker
- Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
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16
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Janjuha S, Singh SP, Tsakmaki A, Mousavy Gharavy SN, Murawala P, Konantz J, Birke S, Hodson DJ, Rutter GA, Bewick GA, Ninov N. Age-related islet inflammation marks the proliferative decline of pancreatic beta-cells in zebrafish. eLife 2018; 7:32965. [PMID: 29624168 PMCID: PMC5943033 DOI: 10.7554/elife.32965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The pancreatic islet, a cellular community harboring the insulin-producing beta-cells, is known to undergo age-related alterations. However, only a handful of signals associated with aging have been identified. By comparing beta-cells from younger and older zebrafish, here we show that the aging islets exhibit signs of chronic inflammation. These include recruitment of tnfα-expressing macrophages and the activation of NF-kB signaling in beta-cells. Using a transgenic reporter, we show that NF-kB activity is undetectable in juvenile beta-cells, whereas cells from older fish exhibit heterogeneous NF-kB activity. We link this heterogeneity to differences in gene expression and proliferation. Beta-cells with high NF-kB signaling proliferate significantly less compared to their neighbors with low activity. The NF-kB signalinghi cells also exhibit premature upregulation of socs2, an age-related gene that inhibits beta-cell proliferation. Together, our results show that NF-kB activity marks the asynchronous decline in beta-cell proliferation with advancing age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharan Janjuha
- DFG-Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden, Helmholtz Zentrum München at the University Hospital, German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), Dresden, Germany.,Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, German Center for Diabetes Reseach (DZD e.V.), Dresden, Germany
| | - Sumeet Pal Singh
- DFG-Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Anastasia Tsakmaki
- Diabetes Research Group, School of Life Course Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - S Neda Mousavy Gharavy
- Section of Cell Biology and Functional Genomics, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.,Consortium for Islet Cell Biology and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Priyanka Murawala
- DFG-Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Judith Konantz
- DFG-Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Sarah Birke
- DFG-Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - David J Hodson
- Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, United Kingdom.,Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, United Kingdom
| | - Guy A Rutter
- Section of Cell Biology and Functional Genomics, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.,Consortium for Islet Cell Biology and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Gavin A Bewick
- Diabetes Research Group, School of Life Course Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nikolay Ninov
- DFG-Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden, Helmholtz Zentrum München at the University Hospital, German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), Dresden, Germany.,Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, German Center for Diabetes Reseach (DZD e.V.), Dresden, Germany
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17
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Kamel M, Ninov N. Catching new targets in metabolic disease with a zebrafish. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2017; 37:41-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2017.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Revised: 08/04/2017] [Accepted: 08/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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18
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Choi TY, Khaliq M, Tsurusaki S, Ninov N, Stainier DY, Tanaka M, Shin D. Bone morphogenetic protein signaling governs biliary-driven liver regeneration in zebrafish through tbx2b and id2a. Hepatology 2017; 66:1616-1630. [PMID: 28599080 PMCID: PMC5650528 DOI: 10.1002/hep.29309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Revised: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Upon mild liver injury, new hepatocytes originate from preexisting hepatocytes. However, if hepatocyte proliferation is impaired, a manifestation of severe liver injury, biliary epithelial cells (BECs) contribute to new hepatocytes through BEC dedifferentiation into liver progenitor cells (LPCs), also termed oval cells or hepatoblast-like cells (HB-LCs), and subsequent differentiation into hepatocytes. Despite the identification of several factors regulating BEC dedifferentiation and activation, little is known about factors involved in the regulation of LPC differentiation into hepatocytes during liver regeneration. Using a zebrafish model of near-complete hepatocyte ablation, we show that bone morphogenetic protein (Bmp) signaling is required for BEC conversion to hepatocytes, particularly for LPC differentiation into hepatocytes. We found that severe liver injury led to the up-regulation of genes involved in Bmp signaling, including smad5, tbx2b, and id2a, in the liver. Bmp suppression did not block BEC dedifferentiation into HB-LCs; however, the differentiation of HB-LCs into hepatocytes was impaired due to the maintenance of HB-LCs in an undifferentiated state. Later Bmp suppression did not affect HB-LC differentiation but increased BEC number through proliferation. Notably, smad5, tbx2b, and id2a mutants exhibited similar liver regeneration defects as those observed in Bmp-suppressed livers. Moreover, BMP2 addition promoted the differentiation of a murine LPC line into hepatocytes in vitro. CONCLUSIONS Bmp signaling regulates BEC-driven liver regeneration through smad5, tbx2b, and id2a: it regulates HB-LC differentiation into hepatocytes through tbx2b and BEC proliferation through id2a; our findings provide insights into promoting innate liver regeneration as a novel therapy. (Hepatology 2017;66:1616-1630).
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae-Young Choi
- Department of Developmental Biology, Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - Mehwish Khaliq
- Department of Developmental Biology, Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - Shinya Tsurusaki
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nikolay Ninov
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Programs in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Genetics and Human Genetics, Diabetes Center, and Liver Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA,Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Didier Y.R. Stainier
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Programs in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Genetics and Human Genetics, Diabetes Center, and Liver Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA,Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Minoru Tanaka
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Donghun Shin
- Department of Developmental Biology, Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA,Correspondence: Donghun Shin, 3501 5 Ave. #5063 Pittsburgh, PA 15260, 1-412-624-2144 (phone), 1-412-383-2211 (fax),
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19
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Ahmed Alfar E, Kirova D, Konantz J, Birke S, Mansfeld J, Ninov N. Distinct Levels of Reactive Oxygen Species Coordinate Metabolic Activity with Beta-cell Mass Plasticity. Sci Rep 2017; 7:3994. [PMID: 28652605 PMCID: PMC5484671 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-03873-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2016] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The pancreatic beta-cells control glucose homeostasis by secreting insulin in response to nutrient intake. The number of beta-cells is under tight metabolic control, as this number increases with higher nutrient intake. However, the signaling pathways matching nutrition with beta-cell mass plasticity remain poorly defined. By applying pharmacological and genetic manipulations, we show that reactive oxygen species (ROS) regulate dose-dependently beta-cell proliferation in vivo and in vitro. In particular, reducing ROS levels in beta-cells blocks their proliferation in response to nutrients. Using a non-invasive genetic sensor of intracellular hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), we reveal that glucose can directly increase the levels of H2O2. Furthermore, a moderate increase in H2O2 levels can stimulate beta-cell proliferation. Interestingly, while high H2O2 levels are inhibitory to beta-cell proliferation, they expand beta-cell mass in vivo by inducing rapid beta-cell neogenesis. Our study thus reveals a ROS-level-dependent mechanism linking nutrients with beta-cell mass plasticity. Hence, given the requirement of ROS for beta-cell mass expansion, antioxidant therapies should be applied with caution in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ezzaldin Ahmed Alfar
- DFG Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden of the Helmholtz Zentrum München at the University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus of Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), Neuherberg, Neuherberg, Germany.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Dilyana Kirova
- Cell Cycle, Biotechnology Center, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Judith Konantz
- DFG Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Sarah Birke
- DFG Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Jörg Mansfeld
- Cell Cycle, Biotechnology Center, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307, Dresden, Germany.
| | - Nikolay Ninov
- DFG Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany. .,Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden of the Helmholtz Zentrum München at the University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus of Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany. .,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), Neuherberg, Neuherberg, Germany.
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20
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Ninov N, Yun MH. Current advances in tissue repair and regeneration: the future is bright. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 2:84-91. [PMID: 27499870 DOI: 10.1002/reg2.30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2015] [Accepted: 02/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The fifth EMBO conference on 'The Molecular and Cellular Basis of Regeneration and Repair' took place in the peaceful coastal town of Sant Feliu de Guixols (Spain) on September 2014. The meeting was organised by Emili Saló (U. Barcelona, Spain), Kimberly Mace (U. Manchester, UK), Patrizia Ferretti (University College London, UK) and Michael Brand (Centre for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Germany) and received the generous support of Society for Developmental Biology, The Company of Biologists, Centre for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Garland Science and the journals Regeneration and Cell Signalling. The natural surroundings provided an inspiring setting for 185 researchers from all over the world to share their latest findings and views on the field. The conference showcased the great diversity of model organisms used for studying regeneration and tissue repair, including invertebrate and vertebrate species (Fig. 1). Importantly, this diversity in animal models allowed for a global overview of the mechanisms that promote regeneration. In addition, it highlighted some of the unique aspects that confer differences in regenerative capacities among different species. These differences might lie in each of the different steps involved in performing regeneration, including triggering the regenerative response, controlling cellular plasticity, re-stablishing the correct tissue patterns, as well as determining the roles of extrinsic factors, such as the role of inflammation in regeneration. A deeper understanding of these processes in the naturally regenerating species is a prerequisite for advancing the field of regenerative medicine and tissue repair in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolay Ninov
- DFG Research Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden Technische Universität Dresden Dresden Germany; Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden German Center for Diabetes Research Dresden Germany
| | - Maximina H Yun
- Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology Division of Biosciences University College London London UK
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21
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolay Ninov
- Instituto de Biología Molecular de Barcelona, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Parc Cientific de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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22
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Tsuji N, Ninov N, Delawary M, Osman S, Roh AS, Gut P, Stainier DYR. Whole organism high content screening identifies stimulators of pancreatic beta-cell proliferation. PLoS One 2014; 9:e104112. [PMID: 25117518 PMCID: PMC4130527 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0104112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2014] [Accepted: 07/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Inducing beta-cell mass expansion in diabetic patients with the aim to restore glucose homeostasis is a promising therapeutic strategy. Although several in vitro studies have been carried out to identify modulators of beta-cell mass expansion, restoring endogenous beta-cell mass in vivo has yet to be achieved. To identify potential stimulators of beta-cell replication in vivo, we established transgenic zebrafish lines that monitor and allow the quantification of cell proliferation by using the fluorescent ubiquitylation-based cell cycle indicator (FUCCI) technology. Using these new reagents, we performed an unbiased chemical screen, and identified 20 small molecules that markedly increased beta-cell proliferation in vivo. Importantly, these structurally distinct molecules, which include clinically-approved drugs, modulate three specific signaling pathways: serotonin, retinoic acid and glucocorticoids, showing the high sensitivity and robustness of our screen. Notably, two drug classes, retinoic acid and glucocorticoids, also promoted beta-cell regeneration after beta-cell ablation. Thus, this study establishes a proof of principle for a high-throughput small molecule-screen for beta-cell proliferation in vivo, and identified compounds that stimulate beta-cell proliferation and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Tsuji
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Programs in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Genetics and Human Genetics, the Diabetes Center, Institute for Regeneration Medicine and Liver Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Nikolay Ninov
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Programs in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Genetics and Human Genetics, the Diabetes Center, Institute for Regeneration Medicine and Liver Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
- DFG Research Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden, German Center for Diabetes Research, Dresden, Germany
| | - Mina Delawary
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Programs in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Genetics and Human Genetics, the Diabetes Center, Institute for Regeneration Medicine and Liver Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Sahar Osman
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Programs in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Genetics and Human Genetics, the Diabetes Center, Institute for Regeneration Medicine and Liver Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Alex S. Roh
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Programs in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Genetics and Human Genetics, the Diabetes Center, Institute for Regeneration Medicine and Liver Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Philipp Gut
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Programs in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Genetics and Human Genetics, the Diabetes Center, Institute for Regeneration Medicine and Liver Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Didier Y. R. Stainier
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Programs in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Genetics and Human Genetics, the Diabetes Center, Institute for Regeneration Medicine and Liver Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
- * E-mail:
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23
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Choi TY, Ninov N, Stainier DY, Shin D. Extensive conversion of hepatic biliary epithelial cells to hepatocytes after near total loss of hepatocytes in zebrafish. Gastroenterology 2014; 146:776-88. [PMID: 24148620 PMCID: PMC3943869 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2013.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2013] [Revised: 09/10/2013] [Accepted: 10/16/2013] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Biliary epithelial cells (BECs) are considered to be a source of regenerating hepatocytes when hepatocyte proliferation is compromised. However, there is still controversy about the extent to which BECs can contribute to the regenerating hepatocyte population, and thereby to liver recovery. To investigate this issue, we established a zebrafish model of liver regeneration in which the extent of hepatocyte ablation can be controlled. METHODS Hepatocytes were depleted by administration of metronidazole to Tg(fabp10a:CFP-NTR) animals. We traced the origin of regenerating hepatocytes using short-term lineage-tracing experiments, as well as the inducible Cre/loxP system; specifically, we utilized both a BEC tracer line Tg(Tp1:CreER(T2)) and a hepatocyte tracer line Tg(fabp10a:CreER(T2)). We also examined BEC and hepatocyte proliferation and liver marker gene expression during liver regeneration. RESULTS BECs gave rise to most of the regenerating hepatocytes in larval and adult zebrafish after severe hepatocyte depletion. After hepatocyte loss, BECs proliferated as they dedifferentiated into hepatoblast-like cells; they subsequently differentiated into highly proliferative hepatocytes that restored the liver mass. This process was impaired in zebrafish wnt2bb mutants; in these animals, hepatocytes regenerated but their proliferation was greatly reduced. CONCLUSIONS BECs contribute to regenerating hepatocytes after substantial hepatocyte depletion in zebrafish, thereby leading to recovery from severe liver damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae-Young Choi
- Department of Developmental Biology, McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - Nikolay Ninov
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Programs in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Genetics and Human Genetics, Diabetes Center, and Liver Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Didier Y.R. Stainier
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Programs in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Genetics and Human Genetics, Diabetes Center, and Liver Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Donghun Shin
- Department of Developmental Biology, McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
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24
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Ninov N, Hesselson D, Gut P, Zhou A, Fidelin K, Stainier DYR. Metabolic regulation of cellular plasticity in the pancreas. Curr Biol 2013; 23:1242-50. [PMID: 23791726 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2013.05.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2012] [Revised: 03/21/2013] [Accepted: 05/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Obese individuals exhibit an increase in pancreatic β cell mass; conversely, scarce nutrition during pregnancy has been linked to β cell insufficiency in the offspring [reviewed in 1, 2]. These phenomena are thought to be mediated mainly through effects on β cell proliferation, given that a nutrient-sensitive β cell progenitor population in the pancreas has not been identified. Here, we employed the fluorescent ubiquitination-based cell-cycle indicator system to investigate β cell replication in real time and found that high nutrient concentrations induce rapid β cell proliferation. Importantly, we found that high nutrient concentrations also stimulate β cell differentiation from progenitors in the intrapancreatic duct (IPD). Furthermore, using a new zebrafish line where β cells are constitutively ablated, we show that β cell loss and high nutrient intake synergistically activate these progenitors. At the cellular level, this activation process causes ductal cell reorganization as it stimulates their proliferation and differentiation. Notably, we link the nutrient-dependent activation of these progenitors to a downregulation of Notch signaling specifically within the IPD. Furthermore, we show that the nutrient sensor mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) is required for endocrine differentiation from the IPD under physiological conditions as well as in the diabetic state. Thus, this study reveals critical insights into how cells modulate their plasticity in response to metabolic cues and identifies nutrient-sensitive progenitors in the mature pancreas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolay Ninov
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Programs in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Genetics and Human Genetics, the Diabetes Center, Institute for Regeneration Medicine and Liver Center, University of California, San Francisco, 1550 4(th) Street, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.
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Delous M, Yin C, Shin D, Ninov N, Debrito Carten J, Pan L, Ma TP, Farber SA, Moens CB, Stainier DYR. Sox9b is a key regulator of pancreaticobiliary ductal system development. PLoS Genet 2012; 8:e1002754. [PMID: 22719264 PMCID: PMC3375260 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1002754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2011] [Accepted: 04/23/2012] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The pancreaticobiliary ductal system connects the liver and pancreas to the intestine. It is composed of the hepatopancreatic ductal (HPD) system as well as the intrahepatic biliary ducts and the intrapancreatic ducts. Despite its physiological importance, the development of the pancreaticobiliary ductal system remains poorly understood. The SRY-related transcription factor SOX9 is expressed in the mammalian pancreaticobiliary ductal system, but the perinatal lethality of Sox9 heterozygous mice makes loss-of-function analyses challenging. We turned to the zebrafish to assess the role of SOX9 in pancreaticobiliary ductal system development. We first show that zebrafish sox9b recapitulates the expression pattern of mouse Sox9 in the pancreaticobiliary ductal system and use a nonsense allele of sox9b, sox9bfh313, to dissect its function in the morphogenesis of this structure. Strikingly, sox9bfh313 homozygous mutants survive to adulthood and exhibit cholestasis associated with hepatic and pancreatic duct proliferation, cyst formation, and fibrosis. Analysis of sox9bfh313 mutant embryos and larvae reveals that the HPD cells appear to mis-differentiate towards hepatic and/or pancreatic fates, resulting in a dysmorphic structure. The intrahepatic biliary cells are specified but fail to assemble into a functional network. Similarly, intrapancreatic duct formation is severely impaired in sox9bfh313 mutants, while the embryonic endocrine and acinar compartments appear unaffected. The defects in the intrahepatic and intrapancreatic ducts of sox9bfh313 mutants worsen during larval and juvenile stages, prompting the adult phenotype. We further show that Sox9b interacts with Notch signaling to regulate intrahepatic biliary network formation: sox9b expression is positively regulated by Notch signaling, while Sox9b function is required to maintain Notch signaling in the intrahepatic biliary cells. Together, these data reveal key roles for SOX9 in the morphogenesis of the pancreaticobiliary ductal system, and they cast human Sox9 as a candidate gene for pancreaticobiliary duct malformation-related pathologies. The liver and pancreas function as exocrine glands that secrete bile and pancreatic juice, respectively, to aid the digestion and absorption of nutrients. These fluids reach the intestine via the pancreaticobiliary ductal system, a complex network of ducts. Despite its pivotal role, the development of this ductal system is poorly understood. We have discovered that the zebrafish transcription factor gene sox9b, like its mammalian ortholog, is specifically expressed in the pancreaticobiliary ductal system. The perinatal lethality of Sox9 heterozygous mice makes the analysis of SOX9 function challenging; thus, we turned to the zebrafish to analyze the role of SOX9 in pancreaticobiliary ductal system development. We found that zebrafish sox9b mutants, which survive to adulthood, display defects in the morphogenesis of this ductal network: the intrahepatic and intrapancreatic ducts fail to form a branched network, whereas the ducts connecting the liver and pancreas to the intestine are malformed. These ductal defects affect bile transport and lead to cholestasis in adult mutant fish. At the molecular level, Sox9b interacts with the Notch signaling pathway to regulate the development of the intrahepatic biliary network. Therefore, our work in zebrafish reveals a broad and complex role for SOX9 in pancreaticobiliary ductal system morphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Delous
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Liver Center and Diabetes Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- * E-mail: (MD); (DYRS)
| | - Chunyue Yin
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Liver Center and Diabetes Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Donghun Shin
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Liver Center and Diabetes Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Nikolay Ninov
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Liver Center and Diabetes Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Juliana Debrito Carten
- Department of Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Department of Embryology, The Carnegie Institution for Science, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Luyuan Pan
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Division of Basic Science, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Taylur P. Ma
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Division of Basic Science, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Steven A. Farber
- Department of Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Department of Embryology, The Carnegie Institution for Science, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Cecilia B. Moens
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Division of Basic Science, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Didier Y. R. Stainier
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Liver Center and Diabetes Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- * E-mail: (MD); (DYRS)
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Ninov N, Borius M, Stainier DYR. Different levels of Notch signaling regulate quiescence, renewal and differentiation in pancreatic endocrine progenitors. Development 2012; 139:1557-67. [PMID: 22492351 DOI: 10.1242/dev.076000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Genetic studies have implicated Notch signaling in the maintenance of pancreatic progenitors. However, how Notch signaling regulates the quiescent, proliferative or differentiation behaviors of pancreatic progenitors at the single-cell level remains unclear. Here, using single-cell genetic analyses and a new transgenic system that allows dynamic assessment of Notch signaling, we address how discrete levels of Notch signaling regulate the behavior of endocrine progenitors in the zebrafish intrapancreatic duct. We find that these progenitors experience different levels of Notch signaling, which in turn regulate distinct cellular outcomes. High levels of Notch signaling induce quiescence, whereas lower levels promote progenitor amplification. The sustained downregulation of Notch signaling triggers a multistep process that includes cell cycle entry and progenitor amplification prior to endocrine differentiation. Importantly, progenitor amplification and differentiation can be uncoupled by modulating the duration and/or extent of Notch signaling downregulation, indicating that these processes are triggered by distinct levels of Notch signaling. These data show that different levels of Notch signaling drive distinct behaviors in a progenitor population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolay Ninov
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Programs in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Genetics and Human Genetics, Diabetes Center, and Liver Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.
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Ninov N, Menezes-Cabral S, Prat-Rojo C, Manjón C, Weiss A, Pyrowolakis G, Affolter M, Martín-Blanco E. Dpp signaling directs cell motility and invasiveness during epithelial morphogenesis. Curr Biol 2010; 20:513-20. [PMID: 20226662 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2010.01.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2009] [Revised: 01/12/2010] [Accepted: 01/14/2010] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Tissue remodeling in development and disease involves the coordinated invasion of neighboring territories and/or the replacement of entire cell populations. Cell guidance, cell matching, transitions from passive to migratory epithelia, cell growth and death, and extracellular matrix remodeling all impinge on epithelial spreading. Significantly, the extracellular signals that direct these activities and the specific cellular elements and mechanisms regulated by these signals remain in most cases to be identified. To address these issues, we performed an analysis of histoblasts (Drosophila abdominal epithelial founder cells) on their transition from a dormant state to active migration replacing obsolete larval epidermal cells (LECs). We found that during expansion, Decapentaplegic (Dpp) secreted from surrounding LECs leads to graded pathway activation in cells at the periphery of histoblast nests. Across nests, Dpp activity confers differential cellular behavior and motility by modulating cell-cell contacts, the organization and activity of the cytoskeleton, and histoblast attachment to the substrate. Furthermore, Dpp also prevents the premature death of LECs, allowing the coordination of histoblast expansion to LEC delamination. Dpp signaling activity directing histoblast spreading and invasiveness mimics transforming growth factor-beta and bone morphogenetic proteins' role in enhancing the motility and invasiveness of cancer cells, resulting in the promotion of metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolay Ninov
- Instituto de Biología Molecular de Barcelona, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Parc Científic de Barcelona, Baldiri Reixac 10, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
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Ninov N, Manjón C, Martín-Blanco E. Dynamic control of cell cycle and growth coupling by ecdysone, EGFR, and PI3K signaling in Drosophila histoblasts. PLoS Biol 2009; 7:e1000079. [PMID: 19355788 PMCID: PMC2672598 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.1000079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2008] [Accepted: 02/20/2009] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulation of cell proliferation has been extensively studied in cultured cell systems that are characterized by coordinated growth and cell-cycle progression and relatively uniform cell size distribution. During the development of multicellular organisms, however, growth and division can be temporally uncoupled, and the signaling pathways that regulate these growth programs are poorly understood. A good model for analyzing proliferation control in such systems is the morphogenesis of the Drosophila adult abdominal epidermis by histoblasts. These cells undergo a series of temporally regulated transitions during which neither cell size nor division rate is constant. The proliferation of histoblasts during metamorphosis is uniquely amenable to clonal analysis in combination with live imaging. Thereby, we show that abdominal histoblasts, which grow while in G2 arrest during larval stages, enter a proliferative stage in the pupal period that is initiated by ecdysone-dependent string/Cdc25 phosphatase transcription. The proliferating histoblasts have preaccumulated stores of Cyclin E, which trigger an immediate S phase onset after mitosis. These rapid cell cycles lack a G1 phase and result in a progressive reduction of cell size. Eventually, the histoblasts proceed to a stage of slower proliferation that, in contrast to the preceding, depends on epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling for progression through the G2/M transition and on insulin receptor/PI3K-mediated signaling for growth. These results uncover the developmentally programmed changes coupling the growth and proliferation of the histoblasts that form the abdominal epidermis of Drosophila. Histoblasts proceed through three distinct stages: growth without division, division without growth, and growth-coupled proliferation. Our identification of the signaling pathways and cell-cycle regulators that control these programs illustrates the power of in vivo time-lapse analyses after clone induction. It sets the stage for the comprehensive understanding of the coordination of cell growth and cell-cycle progression in complex multicellular eukaryotes. A fundamental issue in biology is the question of how the rate of cell division is coupled to cell growth. Coordination of these processes has been studied extensively in cultured cell systems but to a much lesser extent in intact organisms. To study this phenomenon in a physiological setting, we developed a methodology to observe and manipulate cell division and growth in a population of Drosophila abdominal cells called histoblasts. The various developmental stages of histoblast morphogenesis include exit from cell-cycle arrest, initially rapid growth in the absence of cell division, and subsequent coupling of proliferation and growth. We identified several critical developmental signaling pathways (including signaling via ecdysone, the EGF receptor, and PI 3-kinase) that regulate and coordinate cell growth and division cycles during these different types of cell-cycle phenomena. We propose that the internal logic of the Drosophila histoblast system may serve as a basic framework for understanding not only how coordinated cell growth and division operate in a number of other developmental contexts, but also how misregulation of cell growth and division occurs in contexts such as cancer cell populations. Integration of the ecdysone, EGF receptor, and PI 3-kinase signaling pathways determines the relative rates of growth and cell division duringDrosophila abdominal cell morphogenesis.
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Abstract
During larval stages of Drosophila development, the abdominal epidermis is composed of histoblasts (adult precursors) and larval epidermal cells (LECs). During metamorphosis, histoblasts proliferate and colonize the territories occupied by the LECs, which die and become engulfed by macrophages. This morphogenetic process is an excellent model for in vivo analysis of epithelial migration, cell division, cell death, patterning and differentiation. Here, we describe a protocol for time-lapse recording of the developing epidermis during metamorphosis. The protocol describes the removal of the pupal case (which acts as an opaque barrier to effective imaging) and mounting and imaging of specimens of different stages so that normal developmental processes are preserved. This method enables high-resolution studies over long time periods using fluorescent markers and confocal microscopy. The protocol requires 1 h for pupal dissection and mounting and, depending on the stages and genotypes to be analyzed, several more hours for preprocessing and aging and developmental staging of flies and pupae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolay Ninov
- Instituto de Biología Molecular de Barcelona (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas), Parc Cientific de Barcelona, Josep Samitier 1-5, Barcelona 08028, Spain
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Ninov N, Chiarelli DA, Martín-Blanco E. Extrinsic and intrinsic mechanisms directing epithelial cell sheet replacement during Drosophila metamorphosis. Development 2006; 134:367-79. [PMID: 17166923 DOI: 10.1242/dev.02728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The fusion of epithelial sheets is an essential morphogenetic event. Here, we study the development of the abdomen of Drosophila as a model of bounded epithelia expansion and uncover a complex multistep process for the generation of the adult epidermis from histoblasts, founder cells that replace the larval cells during metamorphosis. We find that histoblasts experience a biphasic cell cycle and emit apical projections that direct their invasive planar intercalation in between larval cells. Coordinately, the larval cells extrude from the epithelia by apical constriction of an actomyosin ring and as a consequence die by apoptosis and are removed by circulating haemocytes. We demonstrate that the proliferation of histoblasts and the death of larval cells are triggered by two independent extrinsic Ecdysone hormonal pulses. Finally, we show that histoblast spreading and the death of larval cells depend on a mutual exchange of signals and are non-autonomous processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolay Ninov
- Instituto de Biología Molecular de Barcelona, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Parc Cientific de Barcelona, Josep Samitier 1-5, Barcelona 08028, Spain
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Tablov V, Stefanov I, Tablov B, Ninov N, Bŭrzashki I. [Pre- or postoperative profenid for gynecological manipulations?]. Akush Ginekol (Sofiia) 2002; 40 Suppl 6:17. [PMID: 11803876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
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Chumakov M, Voroshilova M, Shindarov L, Lavrova I, Gracheva L, Koroleva G, Vasilenko S, Brodvarova I, Nikolova M, Gyurova S, Gacheva M, Mitov G, Ninov N, Tsylka E, Robinson I, Frolova M, Bashkirtsev V, Martiyanova L, Rodin V. Enterovirus 71 isolated from cases of epidemic poliomyelitis-like disease in Bulgaria. Arch Virol 1979; 60:329-40. [PMID: 228639 DOI: 10.1007/bf01317504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 237] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Virological and serological studies of an epidemic disease in Bulgaria, 1975, were carried out. Epidemiologically, clinically and pathomorphologically, the disease simulated almost all known forms of poliomyelitis, acute stem encephalitis, encephalomyocarditis and aseptic meningitis. The studies completely rules out the participation of polioviruses and provided comprehensive evidence for the etiological role of a peculiar enterovirus subsequently identified as enterovirus (EV) type 71 known in the literature since 1974. Altogether, in 1975 and 1976 from 65 cases of poliomyelitis-like disease (PLD) 92 strains of EV71 were isolated, including 37 strains from the brain and medulla, 1 from the cerebrospinal fluid, 10 from mesenterial lymph nodes and tonsils and 44 from faeces. In addition, in 282 convalescent cases of the disease, diagnostic seroconversion or high titers of antibody to this virus were demonstrated. The most successful virus isolation was achieved by inoculation of green monkey kidney cell cultures and newborn white mice. Bulgarian strains of enterovirus 71 regularly caused paralysis in monkeys and morphological poliomyelitis-like lesions in their CNS, and paralysis and myositis with Zenker necrosis in newborn white mice, cotton rats, Syrian hamsters, and 3-week-old cotton rats. The diseased rodents had much more virus in their mucles than in brains.
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