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Cecen B, Karavasili C, Nazir M, Bhusal A, Dogan E, Shahriyari F, Tamburaci S, Buyukoz M, Kozaci LD, Miri AK. Multi-Organs-on-Chips for Testing Small-Molecule Drugs: Challenges and Perspectives. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:1657. [PMID: 34683950 PMCID: PMC8540732 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13101657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Organ-on-a-chip technology has been used in testing small-molecule drugs for screening potential therapeutics and regulatory protocols. The technology is expected to boost the development of novel therapies and accelerate the discovery of drug combinations in the coming years. This has led to the development of multi-organ-on-a-chip (MOC) for recapitulating various organs involved in the drug-body interactions. In this review, we discuss the current MOCs used in screening small-molecule drugs and then focus on the dynamic process of drug absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion. We also address appropriate materials used for MOCs at low cost and scale-up capacity suitable for high-performance analysis of drugs and commercial high-throughput screening platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berivan Cecen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ 08028, USA; (A.B.); (E.D.); (A.K.M.)
- Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Istinye University, Istanbul 34010, Turkey
| | - Christina Karavasili
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - Mubashir Nazir
- Department of Microbiology, Sher-i-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Srinagar 190011, India;
| | - Anant Bhusal
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ 08028, USA; (A.B.); (E.D.); (A.K.M.)
| | - Elvan Dogan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ 08028, USA; (A.B.); (E.D.); (A.K.M.)
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ 07102, USA
| | - Fatemeh Shahriyari
- Institute of Health Science, Department of Translational Medicine, Ankara Yildirim Beyazit University, Ankara 06800, Turkey;
| | - Sedef Tamburaci
- Izmir Institute of Technology, Graduate Program of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Gulbahce Campus, Izmir 35430, Turkey;
- Izmir Institute of Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, Gulbahce Campus, Izmir 35430, Turkey
| | - Melda Buyukoz
- Care of Elderly Program, Vocational School of Health Services, Izmir Democracy University, Izmir 35140, Turkey;
| | - Leyla Didem Kozaci
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara Yildirim Beyazit University, Ankara 06800, Turkey;
| | - Amir K. Miri
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ 08028, USA; (A.B.); (E.D.); (A.K.M.)
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ 07102, USA
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ 07102, USA
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