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Wojtkiewicz M, Subramanian SP, Gundry RL. Multinozzle Emitter for Improved Negative Mode Analysis of Reduced Native N-Glycans by Microflow Porous Graphitized Carbon Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2024; 96:5746-5751. [PMID: 38556995 PMCID: PMC11024887 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c03649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Microflow porous graphitized carbon liquid chromatography (PGC-LC) combined with negative mode ionization mass spectrometry (MS) provides high resolution separation and identification of reduced native N-glycan structural isomers. However, insufficient spray quality and low ionization efficiency of N-glycans present challenges for negative mode electrospray. Here, we evaluated the performance of a recently developed multinozzle electrospray source (MnESI) and accompanying M3 emitter for microflow PGC-LC-MS analysis of N-glycans in negative mode. In comparison to a standard electrospray ionization source, the MnESI with an M3 emitter improves signal intensity, identification, quantification, and resolution of structural isomers to accommodate low-input samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melinda Wojtkiewicz
- CardiOmics
Program, Center for Heart and Vascular Research, and Department of
Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University
of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, United States
| | - Sabarinath Peruvemba Subramanian
- CardiOmics
Program, Center for Heart and Vascular Research, and Department of
Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University
of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, United States
| | - Rebekah L. Gundry
- CardiOmics
Program, Center for Heart and Vascular Research, and Department of
Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University
of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, United States
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2
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Berg Luecke L, Mesidor R, Littrell J, Carpenter M, Wojtkiewicz M, Gundry RL. Veneer Is a Webtool for Rapid, Standardized, and Transparent Interpretation, Annotation, and Reporting of Mammalian Cell Surface N-Glycocapture Data. J Proteome Res 2024. [PMID: 38412263 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.3c00800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
Currently, no consensus exists regarding criteria required to designate a protein within a proteomic data set as a cell surface protein. Most published proteomic studies rely on varied ontology annotations or computational predictions instead of experimental evidence when attributing protein localization. Consequently, standardized approaches for analyzing and reporting cell surface proteome data sets would increase confidence in localization claims and promote data use by other researchers. Recently, we developed Veneer, a web-based bioinformatic tool that analyzes results from cell surface N-glycocapture workflows─the most popular cell surface proteomics method used to date that generates experimental evidence of subcellular location. Veneer assigns protein localization based on defined experimental and bioinformatic evidence. In this study, we updated the criteria and process for assigning protein localization and added new functionality to Veneer. Results of Veneer analysis of 587 cell surface N-glycocapture data sets from 32 published studies demonstrate the importance of applying defined criteria when analyzing cell surface proteomics data sets and exemplify how Veneer can be used to assess experimental quality and facilitate data extraction for informing future biological studies and annotating public repositories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Berg Luecke
- CardiOmics Program, Center for Heart and Vascular Research and Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, United States
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226, United States
| | - Roneldine Mesidor
- CardiOmics Program, Center for Heart and Vascular Research and Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, United States
| | - Jack Littrell
- CardiOmics Program, Center for Heart and Vascular Research and Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, United States
| | - Morgan Carpenter
- CardiOmics Program, Center for Heart and Vascular Research and Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, United States
| | - Melinda Wojtkiewicz
- CardiOmics Program, Center for Heart and Vascular Research and Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, United States
| | - Rebekah L Gundry
- CardiOmics Program, Center for Heart and Vascular Research and Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, United States
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3
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Waknitz M, Berg Luecke L, Mesidor R, Wojtkiewicz M, Castro C, Gundry RL. The GENTIL Method for Isolation of Human Adult Cardiomyocytes from Cryopreserved Tissue for Proteomic Analyses. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2735:145-167. [PMID: 38038848 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3527-8_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Heart failure is a serious clinical and economic health care problem, and its clinical progression is linked to pathological cardiac remodeling. Due to the heterogeneity of heart failure, lack of animal models to accurately represent advanced heart failure, and limited access to fresh human cardiac tissue, little is known regarding cell-type-specific mechanisms and context-specific functions of cardiomyocytes during disease development processes. While mass spectrometry has been increasingly applied to unravel changes in the proteome associated with cardiovascular physiology and disease, most studies have used homogenized tissue. Therefore, new studies using isolated cardiomyocytes are necessary to gain a better understanding of the intricate cell-type-specific molecular mechanisms underlying the pathophysiology of heart failure. This chapter describes the GENTIL method, which incorporates recent technological developments in sample handling, for isolation of cardiomyocytes from cryopreserved human cardiac tissues for use in proteomic analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Waknitz
- CardiOmics Program, Center for Heart and Vascular Research; Division of Cardiovascular Medicine; and Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Linda Berg Luecke
- CardiOmics Program, Center for Heart and Vascular Research; Division of Cardiovascular Medicine; and Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Roneldine Mesidor
- CardiOmics Program, Center for Heart and Vascular Research; Division of Cardiovascular Medicine; and Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Melinda Wojtkiewicz
- CardiOmics Program, Center for Heart and Vascular Research; Division of Cardiovascular Medicine; and Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Chase Castro
- CardiOmics Program, Center for Heart and Vascular Research; Division of Cardiovascular Medicine; and Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Rebekah L Gundry
- CardiOmics Program, Center for Heart and Vascular Research; Division of Cardiovascular Medicine; and Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.
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4
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Berg Luecke L, Waas M, Littrell J, Wojtkiewicz M, Castro C, Burkovetskaya M, Schuette EN, Buchberger AR, Churko JM, Chalise U, Waknitz M, Konfrst S, Teuben R, Morrissette-McAlmon J, Mahr C, Anderson DR, Boheler KR, Gundry RL. Surfaceome mapping of primary human heart cells with CellSurfer uncovers cardiomyocyte surface protein LSMEM2 and proteome dynamics in failing hearts. Nat Cardiovasc Res 2023; 2:76-95. [PMID: 36950336 PMCID: PMC10030153 DOI: 10.1038/s44161-022-00200-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Cardiac cell surface proteins are drug targets and useful biomarkers for discriminating among cellular phenotypes and disease states. Here we developed an analytical platform, CellSurfer, that enables quantitative cell surface proteome (surfaceome) profiling of cells present in limited quantities, and we apply it to isolated primary human heart cells. We report experimental evidence of surface localization and extracellular domains for 1,144 N-glycoproteins, including cell-type-restricted and region-restricted glycoproteins. We identified a surface protein specific for healthy cardiomyocytes, LSMEM2, and validated an anti-LSMEM2 monoclonal antibody for flow cytometry and imaging. Surfaceome comparisons among pluripotent stem cell derivatives and their primary counterparts highlighted important differences with direct implications for drug screening and disease modeling. Finally, 20% of cell surface proteins, including LSMEM2, were differentially abundant between failing and non-failing cardiomyocytes. These results represent a rich resource to advance development of cell type and organ-specific targets for drug delivery, disease modeling, immunophenotyping and in vivo imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Berg Luecke
- CardiOmics Program, Center for Heart and Vascular Research and Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI USA
| | - Matthew Waas
- CardiOmics Program, Center for Heart and Vascular Research and Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE USA
- Present Address: Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Jack Littrell
- CardiOmics Program, Center for Heart and Vascular Research and Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE USA
| | - Melinda Wojtkiewicz
- CardiOmics Program, Center for Heart and Vascular Research and Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE USA
| | - Chase Castro
- CardiOmics Program, Center for Heart and Vascular Research and Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE USA
| | - Maria Burkovetskaya
- CardiOmics Program, Center for Heart and Vascular Research and Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE USA
| | - Erin N. Schuette
- CardiOmics Program, Center for Heart and Vascular Research and Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE USA
| | - Amanda Rae Buchberger
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI USA
- Present Address: Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI USA
| | - Jared M. Churko
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and Sarver Molecular Cardiovascular Research Program, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ USA
| | - Upendra Chalise
- CardiOmics Program, Center for Heart and Vascular Research and Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE USA
| | - Michelle Waknitz
- CardiOmics Program, Center for Heart and Vascular Research and Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE USA
| | - Shelby Konfrst
- CardiOmics Program, Center for Heart and Vascular Research and Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE USA
| | - Roald Teuben
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Whiting School of Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Justin Morrissette-McAlmon
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Whiting School of Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Claudius Mahr
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Division of Cardiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA USA
| | - Daniel R. Anderson
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE USA
| | - Kenneth R. Boheler
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Whiting School of Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Rebekah L. Gundry
- CardiOmics Program, Center for Heart and Vascular Research and Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE USA
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE USA
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5
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Jiang X, Wojtkiewicz M, Patwardhan C, Greer S, Kong Y, Kuss M, Huang X, Liao J, Lu Y, Dudley A, Gundry RL, Fuchs M, Streubel P, Duan B. The effects of maturation and aging on the rotator cuff tendon-to-bone interface. FASEB J 2021; 35:e22066. [PMID: 34822203 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202101484r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Rotator cuff tendon injuries often occur at the tendon-to-bone interface (i.e., enthesis) area, with a high prevalence for the elderly population, but the underlying reason for this phenomenon is still unknown. The objective of this study is to identify the histological, molecular, and biomechanical alterations of the rotator cuff enthesis with maturation and aging in a mouse model. Four different age groups of mice (newborn, young, adult, and old) were studied. Striking variations of the entheses were observed between the newborn and other matured groups, with collagen content, proteoglycan deposition, collagen fiber dispersion was significantly higher in the newborn group. The compositional and histological features of young, adult, and old groups did not show significant differences, except having increased proteoglycan deposition and thinner collagen fibers at the insertion sites in the old group. Nanoindentation testing showed that the old group had a smaller compressive modulus at the insertion site when compared with other groups. However, tensile mechanical testing reported that the old group demonstrated a significantly higher failure stress when compared with the young and adult groups. The proteomics analysis detected dramatic differences in protein content between newborn and young groups but minor changes among young, adult, and old groups. These results demonstrated: (1) the significant alterations of the enthesis composition and structure occur from the newborn to the young time period; (2) the increased risk of rotator cuff tendon injuries in the elderly population is not solely because of old age alone in the rodent model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiping Jiang
- Mary & Dick Holland Regenerative Medicine Program, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA.,Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA.,Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology Program, Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Melinda Wojtkiewicz
- CardiOmics Program, Center for Heart and Vascular Research, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, and Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Chinmay Patwardhan
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas, USA
| | - Sydney Greer
- Mary & Dick Holland Regenerative Medicine Program, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA.,Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology Program, Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Yunfan Kong
- Mary & Dick Holland Regenerative Medicine Program, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Mitchell Kuss
- Mary & Dick Holland Regenerative Medicine Program, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Xi Huang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
| | - Jun Liao
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas, USA
| | - Yongfeng Lu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
| | - Andrew Dudley
- Mary & Dick Holland Regenerative Medicine Program, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA.,Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology Program, Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Rebekah L Gundry
- CardiOmics Program, Center for Heart and Vascular Research, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, and Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Matthias Fuchs
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
| | - Philipp Streubel
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Bin Duan
- Mary & Dick Holland Regenerative Medicine Program, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA.,Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA.,Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA.,Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
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6
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Wojtkiewicz M, Berg Luecke L, Castro C, Burkovetskaya M, Mesidor R, Gundry RL. Bottom-up proteomic analysis of human adult cardiac tissue and isolated cardiomyocytes. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2021; 162:20-31. [PMID: 34437879 PMCID: PMC9620472 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2021.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The heart is composed of multiple cell types, each with a specific function. Cell-type-specific approaches are necessary for defining the intricate molecular mechanisms underlying cardiac development, homeostasis, and pathology. While single-cell RNA-seq studies are beginning to define the chamber-specific cellular composition of the heart, our views of the proteome are more limited because most proteomics studies have utilized homogenized human cardiac tissue. To promote future cell-type specific analyses of the human heart, we describe the first method for cardiomyocyte isolation from cryopreserved human cardiac tissue followed by flow cytometry for purity assessment. We also describe a facile method for preparing isolated cardiomyocytes and whole cardiac tissue homogenate for bottom-up proteomic analyses. Prior experience in dissociating cardiac tissue or proteomics is not required to execute these methods. We compare different sample preparation workflows and analysis methods to demonstrate how these can impact the depth of proteome coverage achieved. We expect this how-to guide will serve as a starting point for investigators interested in general and cell-type-specific views of the cardiac proteome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melinda Wojtkiewicz
- CardiOmics Program, Center for Heart and Vascular Research, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Linda Berg Luecke
- CardiOmics Program, Center for Heart and Vascular Research, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Chase Castro
- CardiOmics Program, Center for Heart and Vascular Research, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Maria Burkovetskaya
- CardiOmics Program, Center for Heart and Vascular Research, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Roneldine Mesidor
- CardiOmics Program, Center for Heart and Vascular Research, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Rebekah L Gundry
- CardiOmics Program, Center for Heart and Vascular Research, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA.
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7
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Olson KE, Namminga KL, Lu Y, Schwab AD, Thurston MJ, Abdelmoaty MM, Kumar V, Wojtkiewicz M, Obaro H, Santamaria P, Mosley RL, Gendelman HE. Safety, tolerability, and immune-biomarker profiling for year-long sargramostim treatment of Parkinson's disease. EBioMedicine 2021; 67:103380. [PMID: 34000620 PMCID: PMC8138485 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2021.103380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 04/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Neuroinflammation plays a pathogenic role in Parkinson's disease (PD). Immunotherapies that restore brain homeostasis can mitigate neurodegeneration by transforming T cell phenotypes. Sargramostim has gained considerable attention as an immune transformer through laboratory bench to bedside clinical studies. However, its therapeutic use has been offset by dose-dependent adverse events. Therefore, we performed a reduced drug dose regimen to evaluate safety and to uncover novel disease-linked biomarkers during 5 days/week sargramostim treatments for one year. Methods Five PD subjects were enrolled in a Phase 1b, unblinded, open-label study to assess safety and tolerability of 3 μg/kg/day sargramostim. Complete blood counts and chemistry profiles, physical examinations, adverse events (AEs), immune profiling, Movement Disorder Society-Sponsored Revision of the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (MDS-UPDRS) scores, T cell phenotypes/function, DNA methylation, and gene and protein patterns were evaluated. Findings Sargramostim administered at 3 μg/kg/day significantly reduced numbers and severity of AEs/subject/month compared to 6 μg/kg/day treatment. While MDS-UPDRS Part III score reductions were recorded, peripheral blood immunoregulatory phenotypes and function were elevated. Hypomethylation of upstream FOXP3 DNA elements was also increased. Interpretation Long-term sargramostim treatment at 3 μg/kg/day is well-tolerated and effective in restoring immune homeostasis. There were decreased numbers and severity of AEs and restored peripheral immune function coordinate with increased numbers and function of Treg. MDS-UPDRS Part III scores did not worsen. Larger patient numbers need be evaluated to assess conclusive drug efficacy (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03790670). Funding The research was supported by community funds to the University of Nebraska Foundation and federal research support from 5 R01NS034239-25.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine E Olson
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, Center for Neurodegenerative Disorders, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha , NE 68198, USA
| | - Krista L Namminga
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, Center for Neurodegenerative Disorders, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha , NE 68198, USA
| | - Yaman Lu
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, Center for Neurodegenerative Disorders, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha , NE 68198, USA
| | - Aaron D Schwab
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, Center for Neurodegenerative Disorders, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha , NE 68198, USA
| | - Mackenzie J Thurston
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, Center for Neurodegenerative Disorders, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha , NE 68198, USA
| | - Mai M Abdelmoaty
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, Center for Neurodegenerative Disorders, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha , NE 68198, USA; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, NE 68198, USA
| | - Vikas Kumar
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology, and Anatomy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, NE 68198, USA
| | - Melinda Wojtkiewicz
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, Center for Neurodegenerative Disorders, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha , NE 68198, USA
| | - Helen Obaro
- Great Plains Center for Clinical and Translational Research, University of Nebraska, USA
| | - Pamela Santamaria
- Neurology Consultants of Nebraska, PC and Nebraska Medicine, Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - R Lee Mosley
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, Center for Neurodegenerative Disorders, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha , NE 68198, USA
| | - Howard E Gendelman
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, Center for Neurodegenerative Disorders, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha , NE 68198, USA.
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8
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Abstract
Mass spectrometry (MS) is routinely used to identify, characterize, and quantify biological molecules. For protein analysis, MS‐based workflows can be broadly categorized as top‐down or bottom‐up, depending on whether the proteins are analyzed as intact molecules or first digested into peptides. This article outlines steps for preparing peptide samples for MS as part of a bottom‐up proteomics workflow, providing versatile methods suitable for discovery and targeted analyses in qualitative and quantitative workflows. Resulting samples contain peptides of suitable size for analysis by MS instrumentation generally available to modern research laboratories, including MS coupled to either liquid chromatography (LC) or matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) interfaces. This article incorporates recent developments in methodologies and consumables to facilitate sample preparation. The protocols are well‐suited to users without prior experience in proteomics and include methods for universally applicable suspension trap processing and for alternate in‐solution processing to accommodate a range of sample types. Cleanup, quantification, and fractionation procedures are also described. © 2021 The Authors. Basic Protocol: Preparation of high‐complexity peptide samples for mass spectrometry analysis using S‐Trap™ processing Alternate Protocol 1: Preparation of low‐ to moderate‐complexity peptide samples for mass spectrometry analysis using in‐solution processing Alternate Protocol 2: Detergent, polymer, and salt removal from peptide samples before mass spectrometry analysis using SP2 processing Support Protocol 1: Protein quantification using Pierce 660 nm assay Support Protocol 2: Peptide quantification using Pierce quantitative fluorometric peptide assay Support Protocol 3: High‐pH fractionation of complex peptide samples
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Affiliation(s)
- Melinda Wojtkiewicz
- CardiOmics Program, Center for Heart and Vascular Research; Division of Cardiovascular Medicine; and Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Linda Berg Luecke
- CardiOmics Program, Center for Heart and Vascular Research; Division of Cardiovascular Medicine; and Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska.,Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Maia I Kelly
- CardiOmics Program, Center for Heart and Vascular Research; Division of Cardiovascular Medicine; and Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Rebekah L Gundry
- CardiOmics Program, Center for Heart and Vascular Research; Division of Cardiovascular Medicine; and Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
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9
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Banoub MG, Bade AN, Lin Z, Cobb D, Gautam N, Dyavar Shetty BL, Wojtkiewicz M, Alnouti Y, McMillan J, Gendelman HE, Edagwa B. Synthesis and Characterization of Long-Acting Darunavir Prodrugs. Mol Pharm 2019; 17:155-166. [PMID: 31742407 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.9b00871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Antiretroviral therapy (ART) has improved the quality of life in patients infected with HIV-1. However, complete viral suppression within anatomical compartments remains unattainable. This is complicated by adverse side effects and poor adherence to lifelong therapy leading to the emergence of viral drug resistance. Thus, there is an immediate need for cellular and tissue-targeted long-acting (LA) ART formulations. Herein, we describe two LA prodrug formulations of darunavir (DRV), a potent antiretroviral protease inhibitor. Two classes of DRV prodrugs, M1DRV and M2DRV, were synthesized as lipophilic and hydrophobic prodrugs and stabilized into aqueous suspensions designated NM1DRV and NM2DRV. The formulations demonstrated enhanced intracellular prodrug levels with sustained drug retention and antiretroviral activities for 15 and 30 days compared to native DRV formulation in human monocyte-derived macrophages. Pharmacokinetics tests of NM1DRV and NM2DRV administered to mice demonstrated sustained drug levels in blood and tissues for 30 days. These data, taken together, support the idea that LA DRV with sustained antiretroviral responses through prodrug nanoformulations is achievable.
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10
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Ibrahim IM, Bade AN, Lin Z, Soni D, Wojtkiewicz M, Dyavar Shetty BL, Gautam N, McMillan JM, Alnouti Y, Edagwa BJ, Gendelman HE. Synthesis and characterization of a long-acting emtricitabine prodrug nanoformulation. Int J Nanomedicine 2019; 14:6231-6247. [PMID: 31496683 PMCID: PMC6689761 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s215447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose A palmitoylated prodrug of emtricitabine (FTC) was synthesized to extend the drug’s half-life, antiretroviral activities and biodistribution. Methods A modified FTC prodrug (MFTC) was synthesized by palmitoyl chloride esterification. MFTC’s chemical structure was evaluated by nuclear magnetic resonance. The created hydrophobic prodrug nanocrystals were encased into a poloxamer surfactant and the pharmacokinetics (PK), biodistribution and antiretroviral activities of the nanoformulation (NMFTC) were assessed. The conversion of MFTC to FTC triphosphates was evaluated. Results MFTC coated with poloxamer formed stable nanocrystals (NMFTC). NMFTC demonstrated an average particle size, polydispersity index and zeta potential of 350 nm, 0.24 and −20 mV, respectively. Drug encapsulation efficiency was 90%. NMFTC was readily taken up by human monocyte-derived macrophages yielding readily detected intracellular FTC triphosphates and an extended PK profile. Conclusion NMFTC shows improved antiretroviral activities over native FTC. This is coordinate with its extended apparent half-life. The work represents an incremental advance in the development of a long-acting FTC formulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim M Ibrahim
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.,Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aditya N Bade
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Zhiyi Lin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Dhruvkumar Soni
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Melinda Wojtkiewicz
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Bhagya Laxmi Dyavar Shetty
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Nagsen Gautam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - JoEllyn M McMillan
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Yazen Alnouti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Benson J Edagwa
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Howard E Gendelman
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
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Luebker SA, Wojtkiewicz M, Koepsell SA. Two methods for proteomic analysis of formalin-fixed, paraffin embedded tissue result in differential protein identification, data quality, and cost. Proteomics 2016; 15:3744-53. [PMID: 26306679 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201500147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2015] [Revised: 07/06/2015] [Accepted: 08/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue is a rich source of clinically relevant material that can yield important translational biomarker discovery using proteomic analysis. Protocols for analyzing FFPE tissue by LC-MS/MS exist, but standardization of procedures and critical analysis of data quality is limited. This study compared and characterized data obtained from FFPE tissue using two methods: a urea in-solution digestion method (UISD) versus a commercially available Qproteome FFPE Tissue Kit method (Qkit). Each method was performed independently three times on serial sections of homogenous FFPE tissue to minimize pre-analytical variations and analyzed with three technical replicates by LC-MS/MS. Data were evaluated for reproducibility and physiochemical distribution, which highlighted differences in the ability of each method to identify proteins of different molecular weights and isoelectric points. Each method replicate resulted in a significant number of new protein identifications, and both methods identified significantly more proteins using three technical replicates as compared to only two. UISD was cheaper, required less time, and introduced significant protein modifications as compared to the Qkit method, which provided more precise and higher protein yields. These data highlight significant variability among method replicates and type of method used, despite minimizing pre-analytical variability. Utilization of only one method or too few replicates (both method and technical) may limit the subset of proteomic information obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen A Luebker
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Melinda Wojtkiewicz
- Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics Core Facility, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Scott A Koepsell
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
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