1
|
Frangoul H, Locatelli F, Sharma A, Bhatia M, Mapara M, Molinari L, Wall D, Liem RI, Telfer P, Shah AJ, Cavazzana M, Corbacioglu S, Rondelli D, Meisel R, Dedeken L, Lobitz S, de Montalembert M, Steinberg MH, Walters MC, Eckrich MJ, Imren S, Bower L, Simard C, Zhou W, Xuan F, Morrow PK, Hobbs WE, Grupp SA. Exagamglogene Autotemcel for Severe Sickle Cell Disease. N Engl J Med 2024; 390:1649-1662. [PMID: 38661449 DOI: 10.1056/nejmoa2309676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exagamglogene autotemcel (exa-cel) is a nonviral cell therapy designed to reactivate fetal hemoglobin synthesis by means of ex vivo clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-Cas9 gene editing of autologous CD34+ hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) at the erythroid-specific enhancer region of BCL11A. METHODS We conducted a phase 3, single-group, open-label study of exa-cel in patients 12 to 35 years of age with sickle cell disease who had had at least two severe vaso-occlusive crises in each of the 2 years before screening. CD34+ HSPCs were edited with the use of CRISPR-Cas9. Before the exa-cel infusion, patients underwent myeloablative conditioning with pharmacokinetically dose-adjusted busulfan. The primary end point was freedom from severe vaso-occlusive crises for at least 12 consecutive months. A key secondary end point was freedom from inpatient hospitalization for severe vaso-occlusive crises for at least 12 consecutive months. The safety of exa-cel was also assessed. RESULTS A total of 44 patients received exa-cel, and the median follow-up was 19.3 months (range, 0.8 to 48.1). Neutrophils and platelets engrafted in each patient. Of the 30 patients who had sufficient follow-up to be evaluated, 29 (97%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 83 to 100) were free from vaso-occlusive crises for at least 12 consecutive months, and all 30 (100%; 95% CI, 88 to 100) were free from hospitalizations for vaso-occlusive crises for at least 12 consecutive months (P<0.001 for both comparisons against the null hypothesis of a 50% response). The safety profile of exa-cel was generally consistent with that of myeloablative busulfan conditioning and autologous HSPC transplantation. No cancers occurred. CONCLUSIONS Treatment with exa-cel eliminated vaso-occlusive crises in 97% of patients with sickle cell disease for a period of 12 months or more. (CLIMB SCD-121; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT03745287.).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haydar Frangoul
- From Sarah Cannon Research Institute at the Children's Hospital at TriStar Centennial (H.F.), Nashville, and Bone Marrow Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis (A.S.) - both in Tennessee; IRCCS, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome (F.L.); the Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York-Presbyterian-Morgan Stanley Children's Hospital (M.B.), and the Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Columbia University (M. Mapara) - both in New York; Sarah Cannon Pediatric Transplant and Cellular Therapy Program at Methodist Children's Hospital, San Antonio, TX (L.M., M.J.E.); the Hospital for Sick Children and the University of Toronto, Toronto (D.W.); Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago (R.I.L.) and the University of Illinois at Chicago (D.R.) - both in Chicago; Royal London Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London (P.T.); Stanford University, Palo Alto (A.J.S.), and University of California San Francisco Benioff Children's Hospital, Oakland (M.C.W.) - both in California; the Biotherapy Department and Biotherapy Clinical Investigation Center (M.C.), Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Paris, Université Paris-Cité (M. de Montalembert), Paris; the University of Regensburg, Regensburg (S.C.), the Division of Pediatric Stem Cell Therapy, Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology, and Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Duesseldorf (R.M.), and Gemeinschaftsklinikum Mittelrhein, Koblenz (S.L.) - all in Germany; Hôpital Universitaire des Enfants Reine Fabiola, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels (L.D.); Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine (M.H.S.) and Vertex Pharmaceuticals (S.I., L.B., C.S., W.Z., F.X., W.E.H.), Boston, and CRISPR Therapeutics, Cambridge (P.K.M.) - all in Massachusetts; and the Division of Oncology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.A.G.)
| | - Franco Locatelli
- From Sarah Cannon Research Institute at the Children's Hospital at TriStar Centennial (H.F.), Nashville, and Bone Marrow Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis (A.S.) - both in Tennessee; IRCCS, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome (F.L.); the Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York-Presbyterian-Morgan Stanley Children's Hospital (M.B.), and the Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Columbia University (M. Mapara) - both in New York; Sarah Cannon Pediatric Transplant and Cellular Therapy Program at Methodist Children's Hospital, San Antonio, TX (L.M., M.J.E.); the Hospital for Sick Children and the University of Toronto, Toronto (D.W.); Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago (R.I.L.) and the University of Illinois at Chicago (D.R.) - both in Chicago; Royal London Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London (P.T.); Stanford University, Palo Alto (A.J.S.), and University of California San Francisco Benioff Children's Hospital, Oakland (M.C.W.) - both in California; the Biotherapy Department and Biotherapy Clinical Investigation Center (M.C.), Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Paris, Université Paris-Cité (M. de Montalembert), Paris; the University of Regensburg, Regensburg (S.C.), the Division of Pediatric Stem Cell Therapy, Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology, and Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Duesseldorf (R.M.), and Gemeinschaftsklinikum Mittelrhein, Koblenz (S.L.) - all in Germany; Hôpital Universitaire des Enfants Reine Fabiola, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels (L.D.); Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine (M.H.S.) and Vertex Pharmaceuticals (S.I., L.B., C.S., W.Z., F.X., W.E.H.), Boston, and CRISPR Therapeutics, Cambridge (P.K.M.) - all in Massachusetts; and the Division of Oncology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.A.G.)
| | - Akshay Sharma
- From Sarah Cannon Research Institute at the Children's Hospital at TriStar Centennial (H.F.), Nashville, and Bone Marrow Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis (A.S.) - both in Tennessee; IRCCS, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome (F.L.); the Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York-Presbyterian-Morgan Stanley Children's Hospital (M.B.), and the Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Columbia University (M. Mapara) - both in New York; Sarah Cannon Pediatric Transplant and Cellular Therapy Program at Methodist Children's Hospital, San Antonio, TX (L.M., M.J.E.); the Hospital for Sick Children and the University of Toronto, Toronto (D.W.); Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago (R.I.L.) and the University of Illinois at Chicago (D.R.) - both in Chicago; Royal London Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London (P.T.); Stanford University, Palo Alto (A.J.S.), and University of California San Francisco Benioff Children's Hospital, Oakland (M.C.W.) - both in California; the Biotherapy Department and Biotherapy Clinical Investigation Center (M.C.), Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Paris, Université Paris-Cité (M. de Montalembert), Paris; the University of Regensburg, Regensburg (S.C.), the Division of Pediatric Stem Cell Therapy, Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology, and Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Duesseldorf (R.M.), and Gemeinschaftsklinikum Mittelrhein, Koblenz (S.L.) - all in Germany; Hôpital Universitaire des Enfants Reine Fabiola, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels (L.D.); Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine (M.H.S.) and Vertex Pharmaceuticals (S.I., L.B., C.S., W.Z., F.X., W.E.H.), Boston, and CRISPR Therapeutics, Cambridge (P.K.M.) - all in Massachusetts; and the Division of Oncology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.A.G.)
| | - Monica Bhatia
- From Sarah Cannon Research Institute at the Children's Hospital at TriStar Centennial (H.F.), Nashville, and Bone Marrow Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis (A.S.) - both in Tennessee; IRCCS, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome (F.L.); the Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York-Presbyterian-Morgan Stanley Children's Hospital (M.B.), and the Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Columbia University (M. Mapara) - both in New York; Sarah Cannon Pediatric Transplant and Cellular Therapy Program at Methodist Children's Hospital, San Antonio, TX (L.M., M.J.E.); the Hospital for Sick Children and the University of Toronto, Toronto (D.W.); Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago (R.I.L.) and the University of Illinois at Chicago (D.R.) - both in Chicago; Royal London Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London (P.T.); Stanford University, Palo Alto (A.J.S.), and University of California San Francisco Benioff Children's Hospital, Oakland (M.C.W.) - both in California; the Biotherapy Department and Biotherapy Clinical Investigation Center (M.C.), Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Paris, Université Paris-Cité (M. de Montalembert), Paris; the University of Regensburg, Regensburg (S.C.), the Division of Pediatric Stem Cell Therapy, Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology, and Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Duesseldorf (R.M.), and Gemeinschaftsklinikum Mittelrhein, Koblenz (S.L.) - all in Germany; Hôpital Universitaire des Enfants Reine Fabiola, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels (L.D.); Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine (M.H.S.) and Vertex Pharmaceuticals (S.I., L.B., C.S., W.Z., F.X., W.E.H.), Boston, and CRISPR Therapeutics, Cambridge (P.K.M.) - all in Massachusetts; and the Division of Oncology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.A.G.)
| | - Markus Mapara
- From Sarah Cannon Research Institute at the Children's Hospital at TriStar Centennial (H.F.), Nashville, and Bone Marrow Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis (A.S.) - both in Tennessee; IRCCS, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome (F.L.); the Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York-Presbyterian-Morgan Stanley Children's Hospital (M.B.), and the Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Columbia University (M. Mapara) - both in New York; Sarah Cannon Pediatric Transplant and Cellular Therapy Program at Methodist Children's Hospital, San Antonio, TX (L.M., M.J.E.); the Hospital for Sick Children and the University of Toronto, Toronto (D.W.); Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago (R.I.L.) and the University of Illinois at Chicago (D.R.) - both in Chicago; Royal London Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London (P.T.); Stanford University, Palo Alto (A.J.S.), and University of California San Francisco Benioff Children's Hospital, Oakland (M.C.W.) - both in California; the Biotherapy Department and Biotherapy Clinical Investigation Center (M.C.), Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Paris, Université Paris-Cité (M. de Montalembert), Paris; the University of Regensburg, Regensburg (S.C.), the Division of Pediatric Stem Cell Therapy, Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology, and Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Duesseldorf (R.M.), and Gemeinschaftsklinikum Mittelrhein, Koblenz (S.L.) - all in Germany; Hôpital Universitaire des Enfants Reine Fabiola, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels (L.D.); Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine (M.H.S.) and Vertex Pharmaceuticals (S.I., L.B., C.S., W.Z., F.X., W.E.H.), Boston, and CRISPR Therapeutics, Cambridge (P.K.M.) - all in Massachusetts; and the Division of Oncology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.A.G.)
| | - Lyndsay Molinari
- From Sarah Cannon Research Institute at the Children's Hospital at TriStar Centennial (H.F.), Nashville, and Bone Marrow Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis (A.S.) - both in Tennessee; IRCCS, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome (F.L.); the Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York-Presbyterian-Morgan Stanley Children's Hospital (M.B.), and the Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Columbia University (M. Mapara) - both in New York; Sarah Cannon Pediatric Transplant and Cellular Therapy Program at Methodist Children's Hospital, San Antonio, TX (L.M., M.J.E.); the Hospital for Sick Children and the University of Toronto, Toronto (D.W.); Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago (R.I.L.) and the University of Illinois at Chicago (D.R.) - both in Chicago; Royal London Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London (P.T.); Stanford University, Palo Alto (A.J.S.), and University of California San Francisco Benioff Children's Hospital, Oakland (M.C.W.) - both in California; the Biotherapy Department and Biotherapy Clinical Investigation Center (M.C.), Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Paris, Université Paris-Cité (M. de Montalembert), Paris; the University of Regensburg, Regensburg (S.C.), the Division of Pediatric Stem Cell Therapy, Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology, and Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Duesseldorf (R.M.), and Gemeinschaftsklinikum Mittelrhein, Koblenz (S.L.) - all in Germany; Hôpital Universitaire des Enfants Reine Fabiola, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels (L.D.); Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine (M.H.S.) and Vertex Pharmaceuticals (S.I., L.B., C.S., W.Z., F.X., W.E.H.), Boston, and CRISPR Therapeutics, Cambridge (P.K.M.) - all in Massachusetts; and the Division of Oncology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.A.G.)
| | - Donna Wall
- From Sarah Cannon Research Institute at the Children's Hospital at TriStar Centennial (H.F.), Nashville, and Bone Marrow Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis (A.S.) - both in Tennessee; IRCCS, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome (F.L.); the Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York-Presbyterian-Morgan Stanley Children's Hospital (M.B.), and the Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Columbia University (M. Mapara) - both in New York; Sarah Cannon Pediatric Transplant and Cellular Therapy Program at Methodist Children's Hospital, San Antonio, TX (L.M., M.J.E.); the Hospital for Sick Children and the University of Toronto, Toronto (D.W.); Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago (R.I.L.) and the University of Illinois at Chicago (D.R.) - both in Chicago; Royal London Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London (P.T.); Stanford University, Palo Alto (A.J.S.), and University of California San Francisco Benioff Children's Hospital, Oakland (M.C.W.) - both in California; the Biotherapy Department and Biotherapy Clinical Investigation Center (M.C.), Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Paris, Université Paris-Cité (M. de Montalembert), Paris; the University of Regensburg, Regensburg (S.C.), the Division of Pediatric Stem Cell Therapy, Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology, and Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Duesseldorf (R.M.), and Gemeinschaftsklinikum Mittelrhein, Koblenz (S.L.) - all in Germany; Hôpital Universitaire des Enfants Reine Fabiola, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels (L.D.); Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine (M.H.S.) and Vertex Pharmaceuticals (S.I., L.B., C.S., W.Z., F.X., W.E.H.), Boston, and CRISPR Therapeutics, Cambridge (P.K.M.) - all in Massachusetts; and the Division of Oncology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.A.G.)
| | - Robert I Liem
- From Sarah Cannon Research Institute at the Children's Hospital at TriStar Centennial (H.F.), Nashville, and Bone Marrow Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis (A.S.) - both in Tennessee; IRCCS, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome (F.L.); the Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York-Presbyterian-Morgan Stanley Children's Hospital (M.B.), and the Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Columbia University (M. Mapara) - both in New York; Sarah Cannon Pediatric Transplant and Cellular Therapy Program at Methodist Children's Hospital, San Antonio, TX (L.M., M.J.E.); the Hospital for Sick Children and the University of Toronto, Toronto (D.W.); Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago (R.I.L.) and the University of Illinois at Chicago (D.R.) - both in Chicago; Royal London Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London (P.T.); Stanford University, Palo Alto (A.J.S.), and University of California San Francisco Benioff Children's Hospital, Oakland (M.C.W.) - both in California; the Biotherapy Department and Biotherapy Clinical Investigation Center (M.C.), Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Paris, Université Paris-Cité (M. de Montalembert), Paris; the University of Regensburg, Regensburg (S.C.), the Division of Pediatric Stem Cell Therapy, Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology, and Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Duesseldorf (R.M.), and Gemeinschaftsklinikum Mittelrhein, Koblenz (S.L.) - all in Germany; Hôpital Universitaire des Enfants Reine Fabiola, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels (L.D.); Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine (M.H.S.) and Vertex Pharmaceuticals (S.I., L.B., C.S., W.Z., F.X., W.E.H.), Boston, and CRISPR Therapeutics, Cambridge (P.K.M.) - all in Massachusetts; and the Division of Oncology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.A.G.)
| | - Paul Telfer
- From Sarah Cannon Research Institute at the Children's Hospital at TriStar Centennial (H.F.), Nashville, and Bone Marrow Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis (A.S.) - both in Tennessee; IRCCS, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome (F.L.); the Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York-Presbyterian-Morgan Stanley Children's Hospital (M.B.), and the Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Columbia University (M. Mapara) - both in New York; Sarah Cannon Pediatric Transplant and Cellular Therapy Program at Methodist Children's Hospital, San Antonio, TX (L.M., M.J.E.); the Hospital for Sick Children and the University of Toronto, Toronto (D.W.); Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago (R.I.L.) and the University of Illinois at Chicago (D.R.) - both in Chicago; Royal London Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London (P.T.); Stanford University, Palo Alto (A.J.S.), and University of California San Francisco Benioff Children's Hospital, Oakland (M.C.W.) - both in California; the Biotherapy Department and Biotherapy Clinical Investigation Center (M.C.), Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Paris, Université Paris-Cité (M. de Montalembert), Paris; the University of Regensburg, Regensburg (S.C.), the Division of Pediatric Stem Cell Therapy, Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology, and Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Duesseldorf (R.M.), and Gemeinschaftsklinikum Mittelrhein, Koblenz (S.L.) - all in Germany; Hôpital Universitaire des Enfants Reine Fabiola, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels (L.D.); Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine (M.H.S.) and Vertex Pharmaceuticals (S.I., L.B., C.S., W.Z., F.X., W.E.H.), Boston, and CRISPR Therapeutics, Cambridge (P.K.M.) - all in Massachusetts; and the Division of Oncology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.A.G.)
| | - Ami J Shah
- From Sarah Cannon Research Institute at the Children's Hospital at TriStar Centennial (H.F.), Nashville, and Bone Marrow Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis (A.S.) - both in Tennessee; IRCCS, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome (F.L.); the Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York-Presbyterian-Morgan Stanley Children's Hospital (M.B.), and the Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Columbia University (M. Mapara) - both in New York; Sarah Cannon Pediatric Transplant and Cellular Therapy Program at Methodist Children's Hospital, San Antonio, TX (L.M., M.J.E.); the Hospital for Sick Children and the University of Toronto, Toronto (D.W.); Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago (R.I.L.) and the University of Illinois at Chicago (D.R.) - both in Chicago; Royal London Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London (P.T.); Stanford University, Palo Alto (A.J.S.), and University of California San Francisco Benioff Children's Hospital, Oakland (M.C.W.) - both in California; the Biotherapy Department and Biotherapy Clinical Investigation Center (M.C.), Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Paris, Université Paris-Cité (M. de Montalembert), Paris; the University of Regensburg, Regensburg (S.C.), the Division of Pediatric Stem Cell Therapy, Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology, and Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Duesseldorf (R.M.), and Gemeinschaftsklinikum Mittelrhein, Koblenz (S.L.) - all in Germany; Hôpital Universitaire des Enfants Reine Fabiola, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels (L.D.); Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine (M.H.S.) and Vertex Pharmaceuticals (S.I., L.B., C.S., W.Z., F.X., W.E.H.), Boston, and CRISPR Therapeutics, Cambridge (P.K.M.) - all in Massachusetts; and the Division of Oncology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.A.G.)
| | - Marina Cavazzana
- From Sarah Cannon Research Institute at the Children's Hospital at TriStar Centennial (H.F.), Nashville, and Bone Marrow Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis (A.S.) - both in Tennessee; IRCCS, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome (F.L.); the Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York-Presbyterian-Morgan Stanley Children's Hospital (M.B.), and the Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Columbia University (M. Mapara) - both in New York; Sarah Cannon Pediatric Transplant and Cellular Therapy Program at Methodist Children's Hospital, San Antonio, TX (L.M., M.J.E.); the Hospital for Sick Children and the University of Toronto, Toronto (D.W.); Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago (R.I.L.) and the University of Illinois at Chicago (D.R.) - both in Chicago; Royal London Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London (P.T.); Stanford University, Palo Alto (A.J.S.), and University of California San Francisco Benioff Children's Hospital, Oakland (M.C.W.) - both in California; the Biotherapy Department and Biotherapy Clinical Investigation Center (M.C.), Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Paris, Université Paris-Cité (M. de Montalembert), Paris; the University of Regensburg, Regensburg (S.C.), the Division of Pediatric Stem Cell Therapy, Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology, and Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Duesseldorf (R.M.), and Gemeinschaftsklinikum Mittelrhein, Koblenz (S.L.) - all in Germany; Hôpital Universitaire des Enfants Reine Fabiola, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels (L.D.); Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine (M.H.S.) and Vertex Pharmaceuticals (S.I., L.B., C.S., W.Z., F.X., W.E.H.), Boston, and CRISPR Therapeutics, Cambridge (P.K.M.) - all in Massachusetts; and the Division of Oncology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.A.G.)
| | - Selim Corbacioglu
- From Sarah Cannon Research Institute at the Children's Hospital at TriStar Centennial (H.F.), Nashville, and Bone Marrow Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis (A.S.) - both in Tennessee; IRCCS, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome (F.L.); the Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York-Presbyterian-Morgan Stanley Children's Hospital (M.B.), and the Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Columbia University (M. Mapara) - both in New York; Sarah Cannon Pediatric Transplant and Cellular Therapy Program at Methodist Children's Hospital, San Antonio, TX (L.M., M.J.E.); the Hospital for Sick Children and the University of Toronto, Toronto (D.W.); Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago (R.I.L.) and the University of Illinois at Chicago (D.R.) - both in Chicago; Royal London Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London (P.T.); Stanford University, Palo Alto (A.J.S.), and University of California San Francisco Benioff Children's Hospital, Oakland (M.C.W.) - both in California; the Biotherapy Department and Biotherapy Clinical Investigation Center (M.C.), Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Paris, Université Paris-Cité (M. de Montalembert), Paris; the University of Regensburg, Regensburg (S.C.), the Division of Pediatric Stem Cell Therapy, Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology, and Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Duesseldorf (R.M.), and Gemeinschaftsklinikum Mittelrhein, Koblenz (S.L.) - all in Germany; Hôpital Universitaire des Enfants Reine Fabiola, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels (L.D.); Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine (M.H.S.) and Vertex Pharmaceuticals (S.I., L.B., C.S., W.Z., F.X., W.E.H.), Boston, and CRISPR Therapeutics, Cambridge (P.K.M.) - all in Massachusetts; and the Division of Oncology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.A.G.)
| | - Damiano Rondelli
- From Sarah Cannon Research Institute at the Children's Hospital at TriStar Centennial (H.F.), Nashville, and Bone Marrow Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis (A.S.) - both in Tennessee; IRCCS, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome (F.L.); the Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York-Presbyterian-Morgan Stanley Children's Hospital (M.B.), and the Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Columbia University (M. Mapara) - both in New York; Sarah Cannon Pediatric Transplant and Cellular Therapy Program at Methodist Children's Hospital, San Antonio, TX (L.M., M.J.E.); the Hospital for Sick Children and the University of Toronto, Toronto (D.W.); Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago (R.I.L.) and the University of Illinois at Chicago (D.R.) - both in Chicago; Royal London Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London (P.T.); Stanford University, Palo Alto (A.J.S.), and University of California San Francisco Benioff Children's Hospital, Oakland (M.C.W.) - both in California; the Biotherapy Department and Biotherapy Clinical Investigation Center (M.C.), Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Paris, Université Paris-Cité (M. de Montalembert), Paris; the University of Regensburg, Regensburg (S.C.), the Division of Pediatric Stem Cell Therapy, Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology, and Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Duesseldorf (R.M.), and Gemeinschaftsklinikum Mittelrhein, Koblenz (S.L.) - all in Germany; Hôpital Universitaire des Enfants Reine Fabiola, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels (L.D.); Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine (M.H.S.) and Vertex Pharmaceuticals (S.I., L.B., C.S., W.Z., F.X., W.E.H.), Boston, and CRISPR Therapeutics, Cambridge (P.K.M.) - all in Massachusetts; and the Division of Oncology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.A.G.)
| | - Roland Meisel
- From Sarah Cannon Research Institute at the Children's Hospital at TriStar Centennial (H.F.), Nashville, and Bone Marrow Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis (A.S.) - both in Tennessee; IRCCS, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome (F.L.); the Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York-Presbyterian-Morgan Stanley Children's Hospital (M.B.), and the Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Columbia University (M. Mapara) - both in New York; Sarah Cannon Pediatric Transplant and Cellular Therapy Program at Methodist Children's Hospital, San Antonio, TX (L.M., M.J.E.); the Hospital for Sick Children and the University of Toronto, Toronto (D.W.); Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago (R.I.L.) and the University of Illinois at Chicago (D.R.) - both in Chicago; Royal London Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London (P.T.); Stanford University, Palo Alto (A.J.S.), and University of California San Francisco Benioff Children's Hospital, Oakland (M.C.W.) - both in California; the Biotherapy Department and Biotherapy Clinical Investigation Center (M.C.), Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Paris, Université Paris-Cité (M. de Montalembert), Paris; the University of Regensburg, Regensburg (S.C.), the Division of Pediatric Stem Cell Therapy, Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology, and Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Duesseldorf (R.M.), and Gemeinschaftsklinikum Mittelrhein, Koblenz (S.L.) - all in Germany; Hôpital Universitaire des Enfants Reine Fabiola, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels (L.D.); Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine (M.H.S.) and Vertex Pharmaceuticals (S.I., L.B., C.S., W.Z., F.X., W.E.H.), Boston, and CRISPR Therapeutics, Cambridge (P.K.M.) - all in Massachusetts; and the Division of Oncology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.A.G.)
| | - Laurence Dedeken
- From Sarah Cannon Research Institute at the Children's Hospital at TriStar Centennial (H.F.), Nashville, and Bone Marrow Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis (A.S.) - both in Tennessee; IRCCS, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome (F.L.); the Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York-Presbyterian-Morgan Stanley Children's Hospital (M.B.), and the Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Columbia University (M. Mapara) - both in New York; Sarah Cannon Pediatric Transplant and Cellular Therapy Program at Methodist Children's Hospital, San Antonio, TX (L.M., M.J.E.); the Hospital for Sick Children and the University of Toronto, Toronto (D.W.); Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago (R.I.L.) and the University of Illinois at Chicago (D.R.) - both in Chicago; Royal London Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London (P.T.); Stanford University, Palo Alto (A.J.S.), and University of California San Francisco Benioff Children's Hospital, Oakland (M.C.W.) - both in California; the Biotherapy Department and Biotherapy Clinical Investigation Center (M.C.), Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Paris, Université Paris-Cité (M. de Montalembert), Paris; the University of Regensburg, Regensburg (S.C.), the Division of Pediatric Stem Cell Therapy, Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology, and Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Duesseldorf (R.M.), and Gemeinschaftsklinikum Mittelrhein, Koblenz (S.L.) - all in Germany; Hôpital Universitaire des Enfants Reine Fabiola, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels (L.D.); Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine (M.H.S.) and Vertex Pharmaceuticals (S.I., L.B., C.S., W.Z., F.X., W.E.H.), Boston, and CRISPR Therapeutics, Cambridge (P.K.M.) - all in Massachusetts; and the Division of Oncology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.A.G.)
| | - Stephan Lobitz
- From Sarah Cannon Research Institute at the Children's Hospital at TriStar Centennial (H.F.), Nashville, and Bone Marrow Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis (A.S.) - both in Tennessee; IRCCS, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome (F.L.); the Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York-Presbyterian-Morgan Stanley Children's Hospital (M.B.), and the Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Columbia University (M. Mapara) - both in New York; Sarah Cannon Pediatric Transplant and Cellular Therapy Program at Methodist Children's Hospital, San Antonio, TX (L.M., M.J.E.); the Hospital for Sick Children and the University of Toronto, Toronto (D.W.); Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago (R.I.L.) and the University of Illinois at Chicago (D.R.) - both in Chicago; Royal London Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London (P.T.); Stanford University, Palo Alto (A.J.S.), and University of California San Francisco Benioff Children's Hospital, Oakland (M.C.W.) - both in California; the Biotherapy Department and Biotherapy Clinical Investigation Center (M.C.), Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Paris, Université Paris-Cité (M. de Montalembert), Paris; the University of Regensburg, Regensburg (S.C.), the Division of Pediatric Stem Cell Therapy, Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology, and Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Duesseldorf (R.M.), and Gemeinschaftsklinikum Mittelrhein, Koblenz (S.L.) - all in Germany; Hôpital Universitaire des Enfants Reine Fabiola, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels (L.D.); Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine (M.H.S.) and Vertex Pharmaceuticals (S.I., L.B., C.S., W.Z., F.X., W.E.H.), Boston, and CRISPR Therapeutics, Cambridge (P.K.M.) - all in Massachusetts; and the Division of Oncology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.A.G.)
| | - Mariane de Montalembert
- From Sarah Cannon Research Institute at the Children's Hospital at TriStar Centennial (H.F.), Nashville, and Bone Marrow Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis (A.S.) - both in Tennessee; IRCCS, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome (F.L.); the Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York-Presbyterian-Morgan Stanley Children's Hospital (M.B.), and the Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Columbia University (M. Mapara) - both in New York; Sarah Cannon Pediatric Transplant and Cellular Therapy Program at Methodist Children's Hospital, San Antonio, TX (L.M., M.J.E.); the Hospital for Sick Children and the University of Toronto, Toronto (D.W.); Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago (R.I.L.) and the University of Illinois at Chicago (D.R.) - both in Chicago; Royal London Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London (P.T.); Stanford University, Palo Alto (A.J.S.), and University of California San Francisco Benioff Children's Hospital, Oakland (M.C.W.) - both in California; the Biotherapy Department and Biotherapy Clinical Investigation Center (M.C.), Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Paris, Université Paris-Cité (M. de Montalembert), Paris; the University of Regensburg, Regensburg (S.C.), the Division of Pediatric Stem Cell Therapy, Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology, and Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Duesseldorf (R.M.), and Gemeinschaftsklinikum Mittelrhein, Koblenz (S.L.) - all in Germany; Hôpital Universitaire des Enfants Reine Fabiola, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels (L.D.); Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine (M.H.S.) and Vertex Pharmaceuticals (S.I., L.B., C.S., W.Z., F.X., W.E.H.), Boston, and CRISPR Therapeutics, Cambridge (P.K.M.) - all in Massachusetts; and the Division of Oncology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.A.G.)
| | - Martin H Steinberg
- From Sarah Cannon Research Institute at the Children's Hospital at TriStar Centennial (H.F.), Nashville, and Bone Marrow Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis (A.S.) - both in Tennessee; IRCCS, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome (F.L.); the Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York-Presbyterian-Morgan Stanley Children's Hospital (M.B.), and the Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Columbia University (M. Mapara) - both in New York; Sarah Cannon Pediatric Transplant and Cellular Therapy Program at Methodist Children's Hospital, San Antonio, TX (L.M., M.J.E.); the Hospital for Sick Children and the University of Toronto, Toronto (D.W.); Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago (R.I.L.) and the University of Illinois at Chicago (D.R.) - both in Chicago; Royal London Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London (P.T.); Stanford University, Palo Alto (A.J.S.), and University of California San Francisco Benioff Children's Hospital, Oakland (M.C.W.) - both in California; the Biotherapy Department and Biotherapy Clinical Investigation Center (M.C.), Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Paris, Université Paris-Cité (M. de Montalembert), Paris; the University of Regensburg, Regensburg (S.C.), the Division of Pediatric Stem Cell Therapy, Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology, and Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Duesseldorf (R.M.), and Gemeinschaftsklinikum Mittelrhein, Koblenz (S.L.) - all in Germany; Hôpital Universitaire des Enfants Reine Fabiola, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels (L.D.); Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine (M.H.S.) and Vertex Pharmaceuticals (S.I., L.B., C.S., W.Z., F.X., W.E.H.), Boston, and CRISPR Therapeutics, Cambridge (P.K.M.) - all in Massachusetts; and the Division of Oncology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.A.G.)
| | - Mark C Walters
- From Sarah Cannon Research Institute at the Children's Hospital at TriStar Centennial (H.F.), Nashville, and Bone Marrow Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis (A.S.) - both in Tennessee; IRCCS, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome (F.L.); the Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York-Presbyterian-Morgan Stanley Children's Hospital (M.B.), and the Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Columbia University (M. Mapara) - both in New York; Sarah Cannon Pediatric Transplant and Cellular Therapy Program at Methodist Children's Hospital, San Antonio, TX (L.M., M.J.E.); the Hospital for Sick Children and the University of Toronto, Toronto (D.W.); Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago (R.I.L.) and the University of Illinois at Chicago (D.R.) - both in Chicago; Royal London Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London (P.T.); Stanford University, Palo Alto (A.J.S.), and University of California San Francisco Benioff Children's Hospital, Oakland (M.C.W.) - both in California; the Biotherapy Department and Biotherapy Clinical Investigation Center (M.C.), Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Paris, Université Paris-Cité (M. de Montalembert), Paris; the University of Regensburg, Regensburg (S.C.), the Division of Pediatric Stem Cell Therapy, Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology, and Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Duesseldorf (R.M.), and Gemeinschaftsklinikum Mittelrhein, Koblenz (S.L.) - all in Germany; Hôpital Universitaire des Enfants Reine Fabiola, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels (L.D.); Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine (M.H.S.) and Vertex Pharmaceuticals (S.I., L.B., C.S., W.Z., F.X., W.E.H.), Boston, and CRISPR Therapeutics, Cambridge (P.K.M.) - all in Massachusetts; and the Division of Oncology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.A.G.)
| | - Michael J Eckrich
- From Sarah Cannon Research Institute at the Children's Hospital at TriStar Centennial (H.F.), Nashville, and Bone Marrow Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis (A.S.) - both in Tennessee; IRCCS, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome (F.L.); the Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York-Presbyterian-Morgan Stanley Children's Hospital (M.B.), and the Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Columbia University (M. Mapara) - both in New York; Sarah Cannon Pediatric Transplant and Cellular Therapy Program at Methodist Children's Hospital, San Antonio, TX (L.M., M.J.E.); the Hospital for Sick Children and the University of Toronto, Toronto (D.W.); Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago (R.I.L.) and the University of Illinois at Chicago (D.R.) - both in Chicago; Royal London Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London (P.T.); Stanford University, Palo Alto (A.J.S.), and University of California San Francisco Benioff Children's Hospital, Oakland (M.C.W.) - both in California; the Biotherapy Department and Biotherapy Clinical Investigation Center (M.C.), Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Paris, Université Paris-Cité (M. de Montalembert), Paris; the University of Regensburg, Regensburg (S.C.), the Division of Pediatric Stem Cell Therapy, Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology, and Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Duesseldorf (R.M.), and Gemeinschaftsklinikum Mittelrhein, Koblenz (S.L.) - all in Germany; Hôpital Universitaire des Enfants Reine Fabiola, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels (L.D.); Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine (M.H.S.) and Vertex Pharmaceuticals (S.I., L.B., C.S., W.Z., F.X., W.E.H.), Boston, and CRISPR Therapeutics, Cambridge (P.K.M.) - all in Massachusetts; and the Division of Oncology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.A.G.)
| | - Suzan Imren
- From Sarah Cannon Research Institute at the Children's Hospital at TriStar Centennial (H.F.), Nashville, and Bone Marrow Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis (A.S.) - both in Tennessee; IRCCS, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome (F.L.); the Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York-Presbyterian-Morgan Stanley Children's Hospital (M.B.), and the Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Columbia University (M. Mapara) - both in New York; Sarah Cannon Pediatric Transplant and Cellular Therapy Program at Methodist Children's Hospital, San Antonio, TX (L.M., M.J.E.); the Hospital for Sick Children and the University of Toronto, Toronto (D.W.); Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago (R.I.L.) and the University of Illinois at Chicago (D.R.) - both in Chicago; Royal London Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London (P.T.); Stanford University, Palo Alto (A.J.S.), and University of California San Francisco Benioff Children's Hospital, Oakland (M.C.W.) - both in California; the Biotherapy Department and Biotherapy Clinical Investigation Center (M.C.), Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Paris, Université Paris-Cité (M. de Montalembert), Paris; the University of Regensburg, Regensburg (S.C.), the Division of Pediatric Stem Cell Therapy, Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology, and Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Duesseldorf (R.M.), and Gemeinschaftsklinikum Mittelrhein, Koblenz (S.L.) - all in Germany; Hôpital Universitaire des Enfants Reine Fabiola, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels (L.D.); Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine (M.H.S.) and Vertex Pharmaceuticals (S.I., L.B., C.S., W.Z., F.X., W.E.H.), Boston, and CRISPR Therapeutics, Cambridge (P.K.M.) - all in Massachusetts; and the Division of Oncology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.A.G.)
| | - Laura Bower
- From Sarah Cannon Research Institute at the Children's Hospital at TriStar Centennial (H.F.), Nashville, and Bone Marrow Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis (A.S.) - both in Tennessee; IRCCS, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome (F.L.); the Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York-Presbyterian-Morgan Stanley Children's Hospital (M.B.), and the Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Columbia University (M. Mapara) - both in New York; Sarah Cannon Pediatric Transplant and Cellular Therapy Program at Methodist Children's Hospital, San Antonio, TX (L.M., M.J.E.); the Hospital for Sick Children and the University of Toronto, Toronto (D.W.); Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago (R.I.L.) and the University of Illinois at Chicago (D.R.) - both in Chicago; Royal London Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London (P.T.); Stanford University, Palo Alto (A.J.S.), and University of California San Francisco Benioff Children's Hospital, Oakland (M.C.W.) - both in California; the Biotherapy Department and Biotherapy Clinical Investigation Center (M.C.), Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Paris, Université Paris-Cité (M. de Montalembert), Paris; the University of Regensburg, Regensburg (S.C.), the Division of Pediatric Stem Cell Therapy, Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology, and Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Duesseldorf (R.M.), and Gemeinschaftsklinikum Mittelrhein, Koblenz (S.L.) - all in Germany; Hôpital Universitaire des Enfants Reine Fabiola, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels (L.D.); Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine (M.H.S.) and Vertex Pharmaceuticals (S.I., L.B., C.S., W.Z., F.X., W.E.H.), Boston, and CRISPR Therapeutics, Cambridge (P.K.M.) - all in Massachusetts; and the Division of Oncology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.A.G.)
| | - Christopher Simard
- From Sarah Cannon Research Institute at the Children's Hospital at TriStar Centennial (H.F.), Nashville, and Bone Marrow Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis (A.S.) - both in Tennessee; IRCCS, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome (F.L.); the Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York-Presbyterian-Morgan Stanley Children's Hospital (M.B.), and the Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Columbia University (M. Mapara) - both in New York; Sarah Cannon Pediatric Transplant and Cellular Therapy Program at Methodist Children's Hospital, San Antonio, TX (L.M., M.J.E.); the Hospital for Sick Children and the University of Toronto, Toronto (D.W.); Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago (R.I.L.) and the University of Illinois at Chicago (D.R.) - both in Chicago; Royal London Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London (P.T.); Stanford University, Palo Alto (A.J.S.), and University of California San Francisco Benioff Children's Hospital, Oakland (M.C.W.) - both in California; the Biotherapy Department and Biotherapy Clinical Investigation Center (M.C.), Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Paris, Université Paris-Cité (M. de Montalembert), Paris; the University of Regensburg, Regensburg (S.C.), the Division of Pediatric Stem Cell Therapy, Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology, and Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Duesseldorf (R.M.), and Gemeinschaftsklinikum Mittelrhein, Koblenz (S.L.) - all in Germany; Hôpital Universitaire des Enfants Reine Fabiola, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels (L.D.); Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine (M.H.S.) and Vertex Pharmaceuticals (S.I., L.B., C.S., W.Z., F.X., W.E.H.), Boston, and CRISPR Therapeutics, Cambridge (P.K.M.) - all in Massachusetts; and the Division of Oncology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.A.G.)
| | - Weiyu Zhou
- From Sarah Cannon Research Institute at the Children's Hospital at TriStar Centennial (H.F.), Nashville, and Bone Marrow Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis (A.S.) - both in Tennessee; IRCCS, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome (F.L.); the Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York-Presbyterian-Morgan Stanley Children's Hospital (M.B.), and the Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Columbia University (M. Mapara) - both in New York; Sarah Cannon Pediatric Transplant and Cellular Therapy Program at Methodist Children's Hospital, San Antonio, TX (L.M., M.J.E.); the Hospital for Sick Children and the University of Toronto, Toronto (D.W.); Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago (R.I.L.) and the University of Illinois at Chicago (D.R.) - both in Chicago; Royal London Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London (P.T.); Stanford University, Palo Alto (A.J.S.), and University of California San Francisco Benioff Children's Hospital, Oakland (M.C.W.) - both in California; the Biotherapy Department and Biotherapy Clinical Investigation Center (M.C.), Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Paris, Université Paris-Cité (M. de Montalembert), Paris; the University of Regensburg, Regensburg (S.C.), the Division of Pediatric Stem Cell Therapy, Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology, and Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Duesseldorf (R.M.), and Gemeinschaftsklinikum Mittelrhein, Koblenz (S.L.) - all in Germany; Hôpital Universitaire des Enfants Reine Fabiola, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels (L.D.); Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine (M.H.S.) and Vertex Pharmaceuticals (S.I., L.B., C.S., W.Z., F.X., W.E.H.), Boston, and CRISPR Therapeutics, Cambridge (P.K.M.) - all in Massachusetts; and the Division of Oncology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.A.G.)
| | - Fengjuan Xuan
- From Sarah Cannon Research Institute at the Children's Hospital at TriStar Centennial (H.F.), Nashville, and Bone Marrow Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis (A.S.) - both in Tennessee; IRCCS, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome (F.L.); the Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York-Presbyterian-Morgan Stanley Children's Hospital (M.B.), and the Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Columbia University (M. Mapara) - both in New York; Sarah Cannon Pediatric Transplant and Cellular Therapy Program at Methodist Children's Hospital, San Antonio, TX (L.M., M.J.E.); the Hospital for Sick Children and the University of Toronto, Toronto (D.W.); Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago (R.I.L.) and the University of Illinois at Chicago (D.R.) - both in Chicago; Royal London Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London (P.T.); Stanford University, Palo Alto (A.J.S.), and University of California San Francisco Benioff Children's Hospital, Oakland (M.C.W.) - both in California; the Biotherapy Department and Biotherapy Clinical Investigation Center (M.C.), Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Paris, Université Paris-Cité (M. de Montalembert), Paris; the University of Regensburg, Regensburg (S.C.), the Division of Pediatric Stem Cell Therapy, Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology, and Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Duesseldorf (R.M.), and Gemeinschaftsklinikum Mittelrhein, Koblenz (S.L.) - all in Germany; Hôpital Universitaire des Enfants Reine Fabiola, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels (L.D.); Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine (M.H.S.) and Vertex Pharmaceuticals (S.I., L.B., C.S., W.Z., F.X., W.E.H.), Boston, and CRISPR Therapeutics, Cambridge (P.K.M.) - all in Massachusetts; and the Division of Oncology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.A.G.)
| | - Phuong Khanh Morrow
- From Sarah Cannon Research Institute at the Children's Hospital at TriStar Centennial (H.F.), Nashville, and Bone Marrow Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis (A.S.) - both in Tennessee; IRCCS, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome (F.L.); the Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York-Presbyterian-Morgan Stanley Children's Hospital (M.B.), and the Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Columbia University (M. Mapara) - both in New York; Sarah Cannon Pediatric Transplant and Cellular Therapy Program at Methodist Children's Hospital, San Antonio, TX (L.M., M.J.E.); the Hospital for Sick Children and the University of Toronto, Toronto (D.W.); Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago (R.I.L.) and the University of Illinois at Chicago (D.R.) - both in Chicago; Royal London Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London (P.T.); Stanford University, Palo Alto (A.J.S.), and University of California San Francisco Benioff Children's Hospital, Oakland (M.C.W.) - both in California; the Biotherapy Department and Biotherapy Clinical Investigation Center (M.C.), Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Paris, Université Paris-Cité (M. de Montalembert), Paris; the University of Regensburg, Regensburg (S.C.), the Division of Pediatric Stem Cell Therapy, Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology, and Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Duesseldorf (R.M.), and Gemeinschaftsklinikum Mittelrhein, Koblenz (S.L.) - all in Germany; Hôpital Universitaire des Enfants Reine Fabiola, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels (L.D.); Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine (M.H.S.) and Vertex Pharmaceuticals (S.I., L.B., C.S., W.Z., F.X., W.E.H.), Boston, and CRISPR Therapeutics, Cambridge (P.K.M.) - all in Massachusetts; and the Division of Oncology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.A.G.)
| | - William E Hobbs
- From Sarah Cannon Research Institute at the Children's Hospital at TriStar Centennial (H.F.), Nashville, and Bone Marrow Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis (A.S.) - both in Tennessee; IRCCS, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome (F.L.); the Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York-Presbyterian-Morgan Stanley Children's Hospital (M.B.), and the Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Columbia University (M. Mapara) - both in New York; Sarah Cannon Pediatric Transplant and Cellular Therapy Program at Methodist Children's Hospital, San Antonio, TX (L.M., M.J.E.); the Hospital for Sick Children and the University of Toronto, Toronto (D.W.); Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago (R.I.L.) and the University of Illinois at Chicago (D.R.) - both in Chicago; Royal London Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London (P.T.); Stanford University, Palo Alto (A.J.S.), and University of California San Francisco Benioff Children's Hospital, Oakland (M.C.W.) - both in California; the Biotherapy Department and Biotherapy Clinical Investigation Center (M.C.), Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Paris, Université Paris-Cité (M. de Montalembert), Paris; the University of Regensburg, Regensburg (S.C.), the Division of Pediatric Stem Cell Therapy, Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology, and Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Duesseldorf (R.M.), and Gemeinschaftsklinikum Mittelrhein, Koblenz (S.L.) - all in Germany; Hôpital Universitaire des Enfants Reine Fabiola, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels (L.D.); Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine (M.H.S.) and Vertex Pharmaceuticals (S.I., L.B., C.S., W.Z., F.X., W.E.H.), Boston, and CRISPR Therapeutics, Cambridge (P.K.M.) - all in Massachusetts; and the Division of Oncology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.A.G.)
| | - Stephan A Grupp
- From Sarah Cannon Research Institute at the Children's Hospital at TriStar Centennial (H.F.), Nashville, and Bone Marrow Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis (A.S.) - both in Tennessee; IRCCS, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome (F.L.); the Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York-Presbyterian-Morgan Stanley Children's Hospital (M.B.), and the Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Columbia University (M. Mapara) - both in New York; Sarah Cannon Pediatric Transplant and Cellular Therapy Program at Methodist Children's Hospital, San Antonio, TX (L.M., M.J.E.); the Hospital for Sick Children and the University of Toronto, Toronto (D.W.); Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago (R.I.L.) and the University of Illinois at Chicago (D.R.) - both in Chicago; Royal London Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London (P.T.); Stanford University, Palo Alto (A.J.S.), and University of California San Francisco Benioff Children's Hospital, Oakland (M.C.W.) - both in California; the Biotherapy Department and Biotherapy Clinical Investigation Center (M.C.), Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Paris, Université Paris-Cité (M. de Montalembert), Paris; the University of Regensburg, Regensburg (S.C.), the Division of Pediatric Stem Cell Therapy, Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology, and Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Duesseldorf (R.M.), and Gemeinschaftsklinikum Mittelrhein, Koblenz (S.L.) - all in Germany; Hôpital Universitaire des Enfants Reine Fabiola, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels (L.D.); Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine (M.H.S.) and Vertex Pharmaceuticals (S.I., L.B., C.S., W.Z., F.X., W.E.H.), Boston, and CRISPR Therapeutics, Cambridge (P.K.M.) - all in Massachusetts; and the Division of Oncology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.A.G.)
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Keller MD, Hanley PJ, Chi YY, Aguayo-Hiraldo P, Dvorak CC, Verneris MR, Kohn DB, Pai SY, Dávila Saldaña BJ, Hanisch B, Quigg TC, Adams RH, Dahlberg A, Chandrakasan S, Hasan H, Malvar J, Jensen-Wachspress MA, Lazarski CA, Sani G, Idso JM, Lang H, Chansky P, McCann CD, Tanna J, Abraham AA, Webb JL, Shibli A, Keating AK, Satwani P, Muranski P, Hall E, Eckrich MJ, Shereck E, Miller H, Mamcarz E, Agarwal R, De Oliveira SN, Vander Lugt MT, Ebens CL, Aquino VM, Bednarski JJ, Chu J, Parikh S, Whangbo J, Lionakis M, Zambidis ET, Gourdine E, Bollard CM, Pulsipher MA. Antiviral cellular therapy for enhancing T-cell reconstitution before or after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (ACES): a two-arm, open label phase II interventional trial of pediatric patients with risk factor assessment. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3258. [PMID: 38637498 PMCID: PMC11026387 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47057-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Viral infections remain a major risk in immunocompromised pediatric patients, and virus-specific T cell (VST) therapy has been successful for treatment of refractory viral infections in prior studies. We performed a phase II multicenter study (NCT03475212) for the treatment of pediatric patients with inborn errors of immunity and/or post allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant with refractory viral infections using partially-HLA matched VSTs targeting cytomegalovirus, Epstein-Barr virus, or adenovirus. Primary endpoints were feasibility, safety, and clinical responses (>1 log reduction in viremia at 28 days). Secondary endpoints were reconstitution of antiviral immunity and persistence of the infused VSTs. Suitable VST products were identified for 75 of 77 clinical queries. Clinical responses were achieved in 29 of 47 (62%) of patients post-HSCT including 73% of patients evaluable at 1-month post-infusion, meeting the primary efficacy endpoint (>52%). Secondary graft rejection occurred in one child following VST infusion as described in a companion article. Corticosteroids, graft-versus-host disease, transplant-associated thrombotic microangiopathy, and eculizumab treatment correlated with poor response, while uptrending absolute lymphocyte and CD8 T cell counts correlated with good response. This study highlights key clinical factors that impact response to VSTs and demonstrates the feasibility and efficacy of this therapy in pediatric HSCT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael D Keller
- Center for Cancer & Immunology Research, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
- GW Cancer Center, George Washington University School of Medicine, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Patrick J Hanley
- Center for Cancer & Immunology Research, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
- GW Cancer Center, George Washington University School of Medicine, Washington, DC, USA
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Yueh-Yun Chi
- Department of Pediatrics and Preventative Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Paibel Aguayo-Hiraldo
- Cancer and blood disease institute, Children's Hospital of Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Christopher C Dvorak
- Division of Pediatric Allergy, Immunology, and BMT, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Michael R Verneris
- Department of Pediatrics and Division of Child's Cancer and Blood Disorders, Children's Hospital Colorado and University of Colorado, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Donald B Kohn
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics and Department of Pediatrics David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sung-Yun Pai
- Immune Deficiency Cellular Therapy Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Blachy J Dávila Saldaña
- Center for Cancer & Immunology Research, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Benjamin Hanisch
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Troy C Quigg
- Pediatric Blood & Bone Marrow Transplant and Cellular Therapy, Helen DeVos Children's Hospital, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Roberta H Adams
- Center for Cancer and Blood Disorders, Phoenix Children's/Mayo Clinic Arizona, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Ann Dahlberg
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutch Cancer Center/Seattle Children's Hospital/University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Hasibul Hasan
- Cancer and blood disease institute, Children's Hospital of Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jemily Malvar
- Cancer and blood disease institute, Children's Hospital of Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Christopher A Lazarski
- Center for Cancer & Immunology Research, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Gelina Sani
- Center for Cancer & Immunology Research, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
| | - John M Idso
- Center for Cancer & Immunology Research, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Haili Lang
- Center for Cancer & Immunology Research, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Pamela Chansky
- Center for Cancer & Immunology Research, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Chase D McCann
- Center for Cancer & Immunology Research, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Jay Tanna
- Center for Cancer & Immunology Research, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Allistair A Abraham
- Center for Cancer & Immunology Research, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
- GW Cancer Center, George Washington University School of Medicine, Washington, DC, USA
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Jennifer L Webb
- Center for Cancer & Immunology Research, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
- Division of Hematology, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Abeer Shibli
- Center for Cancer & Immunology Research, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Amy K Keating
- Pediatric Stem Cell Transplant, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Prakash Satwani
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Pawel Muranski
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Erin Hall
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology/Bone Marrow Transplant, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Michael J Eckrich
- Pediatric Transplant and Cellular Therapy, Levine Children's Hospital, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Charlotte, NC, USA
| | - Evan Shereck
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Oregon Health & Science Univ, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Holly Miller
- Center for Cancer and Blood Disorders, Phoenix Children's/Mayo Clinic Arizona, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Ewelina Mamcarz
- Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Rajni Agarwal
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Stem Cell Transplantation and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Satiro N De Oliveira
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Mark T Vander Lugt
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology/BMT, C.S. Mott Children's Hospital, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Christen L Ebens
- Division of Pediatric Blood and Marrow Transplant & Cellular Therapy, University of Minnesota MHealth Fairview Masonic Children's Hospital, Minneapolis, MI, USA
| | - Victor M Aquino
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, University of Texas, Southwestern Medical Center Dallas, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Jeffrey J Bednarski
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Julia Chu
- Division of Pediatric Allergy, Immunology, and BMT, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Suhag Parikh
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jennifer Whangbo
- Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Dana Farber Institute and Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michail Lionakis
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology & Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Elias T Zambidis
- Pediatric Blood and Marrow Transplantation Program, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Elizabeth Gourdine
- Cancer and blood disease institute, Children's Hospital of Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Catherine M Bollard
- Center for Cancer & Immunology Research, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
- GW Cancer Center, George Washington University School of Medicine, Washington, DC, USA
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Michael A Pulsipher
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Intermountain Primary Children's Hospital, Huntsman Cancer Institute, Spencer Fox Eccles School of Medicine at the University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
| |
Collapse
|