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Hoeferlin GF, Bajwa T, Olivares H, Zhang J, Druschel LN, Sturgill BS, Sobota M, Boucher P, Duncan J, Hernandez-Reynoso AG, Cogan SF, Pancrazio JJ, Capadona JR. Antioxidant Dimethyl Fumarate Temporarily but Not Chronically Improves Intracortical Microelectrode Performance. Micromachines (Basel) 2023; 14:1902. [PMID: 37893339 PMCID: PMC10609067 DOI: 10.3390/mi14101902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
Intracortical microelectrode arrays (MEAs) can be used in a range of applications, from basic neuroscience research to providing an intimate interface with the brain as part of a brain-computer interface (BCI) system aimed at restoring function for people living with neurological disorders or injuries. Unfortunately, MEAs tend to fail prematurely, leading to a loss in functionality for many applications. An important contributing factor in MEA failure is oxidative stress resulting from chronically inflammatory-activated microglia and macrophages releasing reactive oxygen species (ROS) around the implant site. Antioxidants offer a means for mitigating oxidative stress and improving tissue health and MEA performance. Here, we investigate using the clinically available antioxidant dimethyl fumarate (DMF) to reduce the neuroinflammatory response and improve MEA performance in a rat MEA model. Daily treatment of DMF for 16 weeks resulted in a significant improvement in the recording capabilities of MEA devices during the sub-chronic (Weeks 5-11) phase (42% active electrode yield vs. 35% for control). However, these sub-chronic improvements were lost in the chronic implantation phase, as a more exacerbated neuroinflammatory response occurs in DMF-treated animals by 16 weeks post-implantation. Yet, neuroinflammation was indiscriminate between treatment and control groups during the sub-chronic phase. Although worse for chronic use, a temporary improvement (<12 weeks) in MEA performance is meaningful. Providing short-term improvement to MEA devices using DMF can allow for improved use for limited-duration studies. Further efforts should be taken to explore the mechanism behind a worsened neuroinflammatory response at the 16-week time point for DMF-treated animals and assess its usefulness for specific applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- George F. Hoeferlin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA (H.O.); (J.D.)
- Advanced Platform Technology Center, Louis Stokes Cleveland Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 10701 East Blvd, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Tejas Bajwa
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA (H.O.); (J.D.)
- Advanced Platform Technology Center, Louis Stokes Cleveland Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 10701 East Blvd, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Hannah Olivares
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA (H.O.); (J.D.)
- Advanced Platform Technology Center, Louis Stokes Cleveland Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 10701 East Blvd, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Jichu Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA (H.O.); (J.D.)
- Advanced Platform Technology Center, Louis Stokes Cleveland Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 10701 East Blvd, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Lindsey N. Druschel
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA (H.O.); (J.D.)
- Advanced Platform Technology Center, Louis Stokes Cleveland Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 10701 East Blvd, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Brandon S. Sturgill
- Department of Bioengineering, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 W Campbell Rd, Richardson, TX 75080, USA (J.J.P.)
| | - Michael Sobota
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA (H.O.); (J.D.)
- Advanced Platform Technology Center, Louis Stokes Cleveland Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 10701 East Blvd, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Pierce Boucher
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA (H.O.); (J.D.)
- Advanced Platform Technology Center, Louis Stokes Cleveland Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 10701 East Blvd, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Jonathan Duncan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA (H.O.); (J.D.)
- Advanced Platform Technology Center, Louis Stokes Cleveland Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 10701 East Blvd, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Ana G. Hernandez-Reynoso
- Department of Bioengineering, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 W Campbell Rd, Richardson, TX 75080, USA (J.J.P.)
| | - Stuart F. Cogan
- Department of Bioengineering, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 W Campbell Rd, Richardson, TX 75080, USA (J.J.P.)
| | - Joseph J. Pancrazio
- Department of Bioengineering, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 W Campbell Rd, Richardson, TX 75080, USA (J.J.P.)
| | - Jeffrey R. Capadona
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA (H.O.); (J.D.)
- Advanced Platform Technology Center, Louis Stokes Cleveland Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 10701 East Blvd, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
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Grossman D, Raifman S, Morris N, Biggs MA, Arena A, Bachrach L, Beaman J, Collins A, Gold M, Hannum C, Ho S, Middleton T, Schwarz EB, Tocce K, Seibold-Simpson S, Sobota M, Wohler D. P025Mail-order pharmacy dispensing of mifepristone for medication abortion after in-person clinical assessment. Contraception 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.contraception.2022.09.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Sok P, Gardner S, Bekele T, Globerman J, Seeman MV, Greene S, Sobota M, Koornstra JJ, Monette L, Hambly K, Hwang SW, Watson J, Walker G, Rourke SB. Unmet basic needs negatively affect health-related quality of life in people aging with HIV: results from the Positive Spaces, Healthy Places study. BMC Public Health 2018; 18:644. [PMID: 29783965 PMCID: PMC5963101 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-018-5391-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Basic needs (e.g., food security and stable housing) are important determinants of health and well-being, yet their impact on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in the context of HIV and aging has not been systematically investigated. Methods Multiple linear regression models examined the relationship between unmet basic needs, and physical and mental HRQoL by age strata (20-34, 35-49 and 50+) in a cross-sectional sample of 496 people living with HIV in Ontario, Canada. Results An overwhelming majority of participants (87%) reported unmet needs related to food, clothing or housing. The prevalence of unmet basic needs in the two older groups appeared to be lower than among younger participants, but the difference did not reach statistical significance. The presence of unmet basic needs predicted substantially lower mean physical health and mental health summary scores in the two oldest groups. Notably, age moderated the influence of unmet basic needs on HRQoL. Conclusions The availability and accessibility of food security, appropriate clothing and stable housing for people living with HIV who are aging need to become a higher priority for program planners and decision makers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phan Sok
- Institute of Medical-Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
| | | | | | | | - Mary V Seeman
- Institute of Medical-Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Saara Greene
- School of Social Work, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada.,Fife House, Toronto, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | - Stephen W Hwang
- Centre for Urban Health Solutions, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada
| | - James Watson
- Centre for Urban Health Solutions, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada
| | - Glen Walker
- Positive Living Niagara, St. Catherine, Canada
| | - Sean B Rourke
- Centre for Urban Health Solutions, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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Choi SKY, Fielden S, Globerman J, Koornstra JJJ, Hambly K, Walker G, Sobota M, O'Brien-Teengs D, Watson J, Bekele T, Greene S, Tucker R, Hwang SW, Rourke SB, Healthy Places Team TPS. Food insufficiency, housing and health-related quality of life: results from the Positive Spaces, Healthy Places study. AIDS Care 2015; 27:1183-90. [PMID: 25964996 DOI: 10.1080/09540121.2015.1036725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Studies of people living with HIV who are homeless or unstably housed show a high prevalence of food insufficiency (>50%) and associated poor health outcomes; however, most evidence is in the form of cross-sectional studies. To better understand this issue, we conducted a longitudinal study to examine the impact of food insufficiency and housing instability on overall physical and mental health-related quality of life (HRQoL) among people living with HIV in Ontario. Six hundred and two adults living with HIV were enrolled in the Positive Spaces, Healthy Places study and followed from 2006 to 2009. Interviewer-administered questionnaires were used, and generalized linear mixed-effects models constructed to examine longitudinal associations between food insufficiency, housing instability and physical and mental HRQoL. At baseline, 57% of participants were classified as food insufficient. After adjusting for potential confounders, longitudinal analyses revealed a significant, negative association between food insufficiency and physical and mental HRQoL outcomes, respectively [effect size (ES) with 95% confidence interval (CI): (ES = -2.1, CI = -3.9,-0.3); (ES = -3.5, CI = -6.1,-1.5)]. Furthermore, difficulties meeting housing costs were shown to have additional negative impacts on mental HRQoL. Food insufficiency is highly prevalent among people living with HIV in Ontario, particularly for those with unstable housing. This vulnerable group of individuals is in urgent need of changes to current housing programmes, services and policies, as well as careful consideration of their unmet nutritional needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie K Y Choi
- a The Ontario HIV Treatment Network , Toronto , ON , Canada.,b Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Medical Science , University of Toronto , Toronto , ON , Canada
| | - Sarah Fielden
- c School of Population and Public Health , University of British Columbia , Vancouver , BC , Canada
| | | | | | | | - Glen Walker
- f Positive Living Niagara , St. Catharines , ON , Canada
| | | | | | - James Watson
- a The Ontario HIV Treatment Network , Toronto , ON , Canada
| | - Tsegaye Bekele
- a The Ontario HIV Treatment Network , Toronto , ON , Canada
| | - Saara Greene
- i Faculty of Social Work , McMaster University , Hamilton , ON , Canada
| | | | - Stephen W Hwang
- k Faculty of Medicine, Dalla Lana School of Public Health & Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation , University of Toronto , Toronto , ON , Canada.,l Centre for Research on Inner City Health , Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute , Toronto , ON , Canada
| | - Sean B Rourke
- a The Ontario HIV Treatment Network , Toronto , ON , Canada.,l Centre for Research on Inner City Health , Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute , Toronto , ON , Canada.,m Department of Psychiatry , University of Toronto , Toronto , ON , Canada.,n CIHR Centre for REACH in HIV/AIDS and Community Based Research Collaborative Centre , Toronto , ON , Canada
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Smola A, Dobrzynski P, Cristea M, Kasperczyk J, Sobota M, Gebarowska K, Janeczek H. Bioresorbable terpolymers based on l-lactide, glycolide and trimethylene carbonate with shape memory behaviour. Polym Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3py01557b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Rourke SB, Bekele T, Tucker R, Greene S, Sobota M, Koornstra J, Monette L, Bacon J, Bhuiyan S, Rueda S, Watson J, Hwang SW, Dunn J, Hambly K. Housing characteristics and their influence on health-related quality of life in persons living with HIV in Ontario, Canada: results from the positive spaces, healthy places study. AIDS Behav 2012; 16:2361-73. [PMID: 22903401 PMCID: PMC3481053 DOI: 10.1007/s10461-012-0284-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Although lack of housing is linked with adverse health outcomes, little is known about the impacts of the qualitative aspects of housing on health. This study examined the association between structural elements of housing, housing affordability, housing satisfaction and health-related quality of life over a 1-year period. Participants were 509 individuals living with HIV in Ontario, Canada. Regression analyses were conducted to examine relationships between housing variables and physical and mental health-related quality of life. We found significant cross-sectional associations between housing and neighborhood variables-including place of residence, housing affordability, housing stability, and satisfaction with material, meaningful and spatial dimensions of housing-and both physical and mental health-related quality of life. Our analyses also revealed longitudinal associations between housing and neighborhood variables and health-related quality of life. Interventions that enhance housing affordability and housing satisfaction may help improve health-related quality of life of people living with HIV.
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Bekele T, Rourke SB, Tucker R, Greene S, Sobota M, Koornstra J, Monette L, Rueda S, Bacon J, Watson J, Hwang SW, Dunn J, Guenter D, The Positive Spaces Healthy Places. Direct and indirect effects of perceived social support on health-related quality of life in persons living with HIV/AIDS. AIDS Care 2012; 25:337-46. [DOI: 10.1080/09540121.2012.701716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sean B. Rourke
- a The Ontario HIV Treatment Network , Toronto , Canada
- b Centre for Research on Inner City Health, The Keenan Research Centre , Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital , Toronto , Canada
- c Department of Psychiatry , University of Toronto , Toronto , Canada
- d The CIHR Centre for REACH in HIV/AIDS (Research Evidence into Action for Community Health) , Toronto , Canada
| | | | - Saara Greene
- f Faculty of Social Sciences, School of Social Work , McMaster University , Hamilton , Canada
- g Fife House , Toronto , Canada
| | | | | | | | - Sergio Rueda
- a The Ontario HIV Treatment Network , Toronto , Canada
| | - Jean Bacon
- a The Ontario HIV Treatment Network , Toronto , Canada
| | - James Watson
- a The Ontario HIV Treatment Network , Toronto , Canada
| | - Stephen W. Hwang
- b Centre for Research on Inner City Health, The Keenan Research Centre , Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital , Toronto , Canada
- k Faculty of Medicine, Division of General Internal Medicine , University of Toronto , Toronto , Canada
| | - James Dunn
- b Centre for Research on Inner City Health, The Keenan Research Centre , Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital , Toronto , Canada
- l Department of Health, Aging & Society , McMaster University , Hamilton , Canada
| | - Dale Guenter
- m Department of Family Medicine , McMaster University , Hamilton , Canada
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Monette LE, Rourke SB, Gibson K, Bekele TM, Tucker R, Greene S, Sobota M, Koornstra J, Byers S, Marks E, Bacon J, Watson JR, Hwang SW, Ahluwalia A, Dunn JR, Guenter D, Hambly K, Bhuiyan S. Inequalities in determinants of health among Aboriginal and Caucasian persons living with HIV/AIDS in Ontario: results from the Positive Spaces, Healthy Places Study. Can J Public Health 2011. [PMID: 21714322 DOI: 10.1007/bf03404900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Aboriginal Canadians (i.e., First Nations, Inuit and Métis) are disproportionately affected by HIV/AIDS, and experience greater social and economic marginalization and poorer housing conditions. This study sought to understand the differences in the determinants of health and housing-related characteristics between samples of Aboriginal and Caucasian adults living with HIV/AIDS in Ontario. METHODS We analyzed baseline demographic, socio-economic, health, and housing-related data from 521 individuals (79 Aboriginal and 442 Caucasian) living with HIV/AIDS and enrolled in the Positive Spaces, Healthy Places study. We compared the characteristics of Aboriginal and Caucasian participants to identify determinants of health and housing-related characteristics independently associated with Aboriginal ethnicity. RESULTS Compared to Caucausian participants living with HIV, Aboriginal participants were more likely to be younger, female or transgender women, less educated, unemployed, and homeless or unstably housed. They were also more likely to have low incomes and to have experienced housing-related discrimination. In a multivariate model, gender, income, and experiences of homelessness were independently associated with Aboriginal ethnicity. CONCLUSION Aboriginal individuals living with HIV/AIDS in our sample are coping with significantly worse social and economic conditions and are more likely to experience challenging housing situations than a comparison group of Caucasian individuals living with HIV/AIDS. To develop effective care, treatment and support strategies for Aboriginal peoples with HIV, it is critical to address and improve their socio-economic and housing conditions.
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Rourke SB, Sobota M, Tucker R, Bekele T, Gibson K, Greene S, Price C, Koornstra JJ(J, Monette L, Byers S, Watson J, Hwang SW, Guenter D, Dunn J, Ahluwalia A, Wilson MG, Bacon J. Social determinants of health associated with hepatitis C co-infection among people living with HIV: results from the Positive Spaces, Healthy Places study. Open Med 2011; 5:e120-31. [PMID: 22046224 PMCID: PMC3205830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2010] [Revised: 03/09/2011] [Accepted: 03/13/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Social determinants of health (SDOH) may influence the probability of people living with HIV also being infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV). We compared the SDOH of adults co-infected with HCV/HIV with that of HIV mono-infected adults to identify factors independently associated with HCV infection. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, face-to-face interviews were conducted with 509 HIV-infected adults affiliated with or receiving services from community-based AIDS service organizations (CBAOs). The primary outcome measure was self-reported HCV infection status. Chi-square, Student's t tests, and Wilcoxon rank-sum tests were performed to compare SDOH of HCV/HIV co-infected participants with that of HIV mono-infected participants. Multivariable hierarchical logistic regression was used to identify factors independently associated with HCV co-infection. RESULTS Data on 482 (95 HCV/HIV co-infected and 387 HIV mono-infected) adults were analyzed. Compared with participants infected with HIV only, those who were co-infected with HIV and HCV were more likely to be heterosexual, Aboriginal, less educated and unemployed. They were more likely to have a low income, to not be receiving antiretroviral treatment, to live outside the Greater Toronto Area (GTA), to use/abuse substances, experience significant depression, and utilize addiction counselling and needle-exchange services. They also were more likely to report a history of homelessness and perceived housing-related discrimination and to have moved twice or more in the previous 12 months. Factors independently associated with HCV/HIV co-infection were history of incarceration (odds ratio [OR] 8.81, 95% CI 4.43-17.54), history of homelessness (OR 3.15, 95% CI 1.59-6.26), living outside of the GTA (OR 3.13, 95% CI 1.59-6.15), and using/abusing substances in the past 12 months (OR 2.05, 95% CI 1.07-3.91). CONCLUSION Differences in SDOH exist between HIV/HCV co-infected and HIV mono-infected adults. History of incarceration, history of homelessness, substance use, and living outside the GTA were independently associated with HCV/HIV co-infection. Interventions that reduce homelessness and incarceration may help prevent HCV infection in people living with HIV.
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Steinrück HP, Libuda J, Wasserscheid P, Cremer T, Kolbeck C, Laurin M, Maier F, Sobota M, Schulz PS, Stark M. Surface science and model catalysis with ionic liquid-modified materials. Adv Mater 2011; 23:2571-2587. [PMID: 21520462 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201100211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Materials making use of thin ionic liquid (IL) films as support-modifying functional layer open up a variety of new possibilities in heterogeneous catalysis, which range from the tailoring of gas-surface interactions to the immobilization of molecularly defined reactive sites. The present report reviews recent progress towards an understanding of "supported ionic liquid phase (SILP)" and "solid catalysts with ionic liquid layer (SCILL)" materials at the microscopic level, using a surface science and model catalysis type of approach. Thin film IL systems can be prepared not only ex-situ, but also in-situ under ultrahigh vacuum (UHV) conditions using atomically well-defined surfaces as substrates, for example by physical vapor deposition (PVD). Due to their low vapor pressure, these systems can be studied in UHV using the full spectrum of surface science techniques. We discuss general strategies and considerations of this approach and exemplify the information available from complementary methods, specifically photoelectron spectroscopy and surface vibrational spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- H-P Steinrück
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie 2 and Erlangen Catalysis, Resource Center, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstr. 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany.
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Monette LE, Rourke SB, Gibson K, Bekele TM, Tucker R, Greene S, Sobota M, Koornstra J, Byers S, Marks E, Bacon J, Watson JR, Hwang SW, Ahluwalia A, Dunn JR, Guenter D, Hambly K, Bhuiyan S. Inequalities in determinants of health among Aboriginal and Caucasian persons living with HIV/AIDS in Ontario: results from the Positive Spaces, Healthy Places Study. Can J Public Health 2011; 102:215-9. [PMID: 21714322 PMCID: PMC6974182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2010] [Accepted: 12/04/2010] [Indexed: 03/29/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Aboriginal Canadians (i.e., First Nations, Inuit and Métis) are disproportionately affected by HIV/AIDS, and experience greater social and economic marginalization and poorer housing conditions. This study sought to understand the differences in the determinants of health and housing-related characteristics between samples of Aboriginal and Caucasian adults living with HIV/AIDS in Ontario. METHODS We analyzed baseline demographic, socio-economic, health, and housing-related data from 521 individuals (79 Aboriginal and 442 Caucasian) living with HIV/AIDS and enrolled in the Positive Spaces, Healthy Places study. We compared the characteristics of Aboriginal and Caucasian participants to identify determinants of health and housing-related characteristics independently associated with Aboriginal ethnicity. RESULTS Compared to Caucausian participants living with HIV, Aboriginal participants were more likely to be younger, female or transgender women, less educated, unemployed, and homeless or unstably housed. They were also more likely to have low incomes and to have experienced housing-related discrimination. In a multivariate model, gender, income, and experiences of homelessness were independently associated with Aboriginal ethnicity. CONCLUSION Aboriginal individuals living with HIV/AIDS in our sample are coping with significantly worse social and economic conditions and are more likely to experience challenging housing situations than a comparison group of Caucasian individuals living with HIV/AIDS. To develop effective care, treatment and support strategies for Aboriginal peoples with HIV, it is critical to address and improve their socio-economic and housing conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sean B. Rourke
- Ontario HIV Treatment Network, The Ontario HIV Treatment Network, 600–1300 Yonge St., M4T 1X3 Toronto, ON Canada
- Centre for Research on Inner City Health, The Keenan Research Centre, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, ON Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
- The CIHR Centre for REACH in HIV/AIDS (Research Evidence into Action for Community Health), Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Katherine Gibson
- Ontario HIV Treatment Network, The Ontario HIV Treatment Network, 600–1300 Yonge St., M4T 1X3 Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Tsegaye M. Bekele
- Ontario HIV Treatment Network, The Ontario HIV Treatment Network, 600–1300 Yonge St., M4T 1X3 Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Ruthann Tucker
- Ontario HIV Treatment Network, The Ontario HIV Treatment Network, 600–1300 Yonge St., M4T 1X3 Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Saara Greene
- The CIHR Centre for REACH in HIV/AIDS (Research Evidence into Action for Community Health), Toronto, ON Canada
- Faculty of Social Sciences, McMaster University, Toronto, ON Canada
- Fife House, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Michael Sobota
- The CIHR Centre for REACH in HIV/AIDS (Research Evidence into Action for Community Health), Toronto, ON Canada
- AIDS Thunder Bay, Thunder Bay, ON Canada
| | - Jay Koornstra
- The CIHR Centre for REACH in HIV/AIDS (Research Evidence into Action for Community Health), Toronto, ON Canada
- Bruce House, Ottawa, ON Canada
| | | | - Elisabeth Marks
- The CIHR Centre for REACH in HIV/AIDS (Research Evidence into Action for Community Health), Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Jean Bacon
- Ontario HIV Treatment Network, The Ontario HIV Treatment Network, 600–1300 Yonge St., M4T 1X3 Toronto, ON Canada
- The CIHR Centre for REACH in HIV/AIDS (Research Evidence into Action for Community Health), Toronto, ON Canada
| | - James R. Watson
- Ontario HIV Treatment Network, The Ontario HIV Treatment Network, 600–1300 Yonge St., M4T 1X3 Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Stephen W. Hwang
- Centre for Research on Inner City Health, The Keenan Research Centre, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, ON Canada
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
| | | | - James R. Dunn
- Centre for Research on Inner City Health, The Keenan Research Centre, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, ON Canada
- Department of Health, Aging & Society, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON Canada
| | - Dale Guenter
- Department of Family Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON Canada
| | | | - Shafi Bhuiyan
- Ontario HIV Treatment Network, The Ontario HIV Treatment Network, 600–1300 Yonge St., M4T 1X3 Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Positive Spaces, Healthy Places Team
- Ontario Aboriginal HIV/AIDS Strategy, Toronto, ON Canada
- Ontario HIV Treatment Network, The Ontario HIV Treatment Network, 600–1300 Yonge St., M4T 1X3 Toronto, ON Canada
- Centre for Research on Inner City Health, The Keenan Research Centre, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, ON Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
- The CIHR Centre for REACH in HIV/AIDS (Research Evidence into Action for Community Health), Toronto, ON Canada
- Faculty of Social Sciences, McMaster University, Toronto, ON Canada
- Fife House, Toronto, ON Canada
- AIDS Thunder Bay, Thunder Bay, ON Canada
- Bruce House, Ottawa, ON Canada
- AIDS Niagara, St. Catharines, ON Canada
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
- Department of Health, Aging & Society, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON Canada
- Department of Family Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON Canada
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Greene S, Tucker R, Rourke SB, Monette L, Koornstra J, Sobota M, Byers S, Hwang S, Dunn J, Guenter D, Ahluwalia A, Watson J. "Under My Umbrella": the housing experiences of HIV positive parents who live with and care for their children in Ontario. Arch Womens Ment Health 2010; 13:223-32. [PMID: 19760049 DOI: 10.1007/s00737-009-0090-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2008] [Accepted: 04/13/2009] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Positive Spaces, Healthy Places (PSHP) is the first longitudinal community-based research (CBR) initiative in Canada to examine housing stability and its relationship to health related quality of life (HRQOL) for people living with of HIV/AIDS (PHAs). As part of our mixed method data collection strategy in-depth, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 50 PHAs across Ontario to provide a deeper understanding of the impact that housing instability has on their mental and physical health. Emerging from the qualitative interviews were the unique issues and concerns that were reported by parents who live with and care for their children. These parents face dire housing, economic and social challenges that are associated with significant risks for poor health outcomes. Poor housing conditions, unsafe neighborhoods, barriers to supports for themselves and their children, HIV related stigma, discrimination, racism, and poverty have been identified by these families as being among their most pressing concerns. This results in increased stress and anxiety that has a negative impact on the mental health of HIV positive parents. In order to more effectively support HIV positive parents and their children, health and social service practices and policies must respond to the unique challenges that face these families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saara Greene
- School of Social Work, McMasters University, Kenneth Taylor Hall, rm 327, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada.
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Sobota M, Kunins H, Arnsten J, Schwarz E. Does binge drinking impair contraceptive use? Evidence from the 2002 National Survey of Family Growth. Contraception 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.contraception.2008.04.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Abstract
Injection drug users have high rates of hospital use, however, the specific contribution of injection-related infections to hospitalization has never been determined. After reviewing 92 consecutive admissions of HIV-negative injection drug users to Rhode Island Hospital in 1998, we found that 49% were related to infections and an additional 24% were due to the biological effects of the injected drug. Admissions that were for injection-related infections were significantly more costly than other admissions of injection drug users ($13958 vs. $7906). We conclude that considerable savings may result from preventative care of this population, including instruction in skin-cleaning techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- M D Stein
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital, Brown University Medical School, Providence, RI 02903, USA.
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Stein MD, Urdaneta ME, Clarke J, Maksad J, Sobota M, Hanna L, Markson LE. Use of antiretroviral therapies by HIV-infected persons receiving methadone maintenance. J Addict Dis 2000; 19:85-94. [PMID: 10772605 DOI: 10.1300/j069v19n01_07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
HIV-infected persons receiving methadone maintenance must often seek their medical care at a separate site. However, little data is available on the receipt of antiretroviral therapy (ART), beliefs about ART, and influences on the decision to initiate ART among those referred off-site. HIV-infected injection drug users (n = 72) were interviewed at three methadone maintenance programs; 83% with CD4 cell counts under 500 reported that they had received ART. Of these persons, 56% had used three drug combination therapy. Beliefs about the benefits of ART included: increased survival, 96%; decreased viral load 87%; decreased HIV-related infections 87%; could cure HIV, 29%. For those receiving ART, physician input, CD4 count, and possible side effects were more important than friends, family or mass media in deciding to start ART. We conclude that the model of referral for HIV care off-site does not appear to impede access to ART for HIV-infected IDUs in methadone maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- M D Stein
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence 02903, USA.
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16
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Stein MD, Hanna L, Natarajan R, Clarke J, Marisi M, Sobota M, Rich J. Alcohol use patterns predict high-risk HIV behaviors among active injection drug users. J Subst Abuse Treat 2000; 18:359-63. [PMID: 10812309 DOI: 10.1016/s0740-5472(99)00070-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine if alcohol use is independently associated with needle-sharing behavior. Participants were 196 active injection drug users recruited into the Providence, Rhode Island Needle Exchange program between July 1997 and March 1998. All subjects were administered a 45-minute questionnaire that included questions on quantity/frequency of alcohol use and the alcohol abuse section of the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-III-R (SCID; Spitzer, Williams, Gibbon, & First, 1992). Drug risk behaviors, including needle sharing were assessed using the HIV Risk Assessment Battery (RAB; Navaline et al., 1994). Of 196 IDUs, 60% had used alcohol in the last month. Twenty-eight percent met criteria from the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for Mental Disorders, 3rd ed., rev. (DSM-III-R; American Psychiatric Association, 1987) for alcohol abuse over the last 6 months. One half of IDUs had shared needles in the last 6 months. Increasing levels of alcohol ingestion were associated with greater RAB drug risk scores and greater needle sharing. Using multiple logistic regression, high-level "at-risk" alcohol use (odds ratio [OR], 2.5) and alcohol abuse (OR, 2.3) were significantly associated with needle sharing when controlling for other demographic and behavioral factors previously found to be associated with sharing. The results of this study showed that prevalence of alcohol abuse is high in this population and is associated with needle sharing. HIV prevention effects in needle exchange programs should address alcohol use.
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Affiliation(s)
- M D Stein
- Providence Methadone and Injection Use Study, Division of General Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital, 593 Eddy Street, Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA.
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Brienza RS, Stein MD, Chen M, Gogineni A, Sobota M, Maksad J, Hu P, Clarke J. Depression among needle exchange program and methadone maintenance clients. J Subst Abuse Treat 2000; 18:331-7. [PMID: 10812305 DOI: 10.1016/s0740-5472(99)00084-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to compare the prevalence of major depression in two cohorts of injection drug users, those enrolled in a Rhode Island Methadone Maintenance Treatment Program (MMTP) and those enrolled in a Rhode Island Needle Exchange Program (NEP) using cross-sectional interviews. Symptomatic and duration criteria for major depression in the last 6 months were identified using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-III-R (SCID). Among 528 persons interviewed, 54% of those in NEP and 42% of those in MMTP met criteria for major depression. Using multivariate logistic regression, women (odds ratio [OR] 2.5; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.7-3.7), persons with alcohol use disorders (OR 1.7; 95% CI 1.1-2. 7), and persons without a current partner (OR 1.8; 95% CI 1.2-2.6) were more likely to be depressed controlling for age, race, education and HIV status. Persons enrolled in MMTP were less likely to be depressed (OR 0.6; 95% CI 0.4-0.8) than NEP. Higher rates of depression were found among NEP attendees than among those enrolled in MMTP. Mental health referrals should be part of the growing number of needle exchanges in the United States.
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Affiliation(s)
- R S Brienza
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital, 593 Eddy Street, Providence, RI 02903, USA
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Stein MD, Rich JD, Maksad J, Chen MH, Hu P, Sobota M, Clarke J. Adherence to antiretroviral therapy among HIV-infected methadone patients: effect of ongoing illicit drug use. Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse 2000; 26:195-205. [PMID: 10852356 DOI: 10.1081/ada-100100600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Methadone maintenance patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) currently receiving antiretroviral therapy had HIV RNA testing and were surveyed regarding their adherence to their treatment regimens. Adherence was measured using self-report on four questions relating to medication use in the last day and last month and whether the patient took "drug holidays." Of the patients (N = 42), 52% were receiving two-drug antiretroviral therapy and 48% were receiving triple therapy that included a protease inhibitor. Persons on triple therapy reported higher rates of adherence on all measures and were more likely to have undetectable HIV RNA levels than persons on dual therapy (60% vs. 50%). Ongoing illicit drug injection was the only factor significantly associated (p < .05) with multiple measure nonadherence; however, it was not associated with undetectable HIV RNA level. Levels of nonadherence were comparable to estimates from other chronic diseases, but this finding has important implications for patients receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- M D Stein
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Brown University School of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence 02903, USA.
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Clarke J, Stein MD, Sobota M, Marisi M, Hanna L. Victims as victimizers: physical aggression by persons with a history of childhood abuse. Arch Intern Med 1999; 159:1920-4. [PMID: 10493322 DOI: 10.1001/archinte.159.16.1920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Substance abuse has been called the dominant characteristic of families involved in child abuse cases, but the frequency with which childhood victims become adult victimizers remains uncertain. OBJECTIVE To examine whether a history of childhood sexual or physical abuse is associated with becoming a victimizer (ie, abusing or assaulting others) as an adult. METHODS Interview data were collected from 439 persons in Providence, RI, from July 1997 through March 1998 who had a history of intravenous drug use. Victimizers were defined as adults who had ever physically abused or assaulted a family member or sexual partner (eg, kicked, hit, choked, shot, stabbed, burned, or held at gunpoint). We compared persons who had a history of victimizing others with those who did not have such a history by bivariate and multivariate analyses. Variables included demographic factors as well as a history of sexual or physical abuse before the age of 16 years. abuse was 51% for women and 31% for men. Seventeen percent of our subjects reported being victimizers. Among persons who reported being victims of either physical or sexual childhood abuse, 28% victimized others; among those who denied a history of childhood abuse, 10% victimized others. Two thirds of victimizers reported being intoxicated while assaulting others. When we used logistic regression to control for sex, having children, education, race, and history of incarceration, childhood abuse was significantly and independently associated with becoming a victimizer (odds ratio, 3.6; 95% confidence interval, 2.1-6.1). CONCLUSIONS Large numbers of intravenous drug users, both men and women, have victimized family members or sexual partners. We confirm a high rate of childhood abuse among this population and demonstrate that among intravenous drug users past abuse is associated with becoming a victimizer as an adult. Primary care providers should be alert to this cycle of violence.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Clarke
- Department of Medicine and Community Health, Brown University School of Medicine, Providence, RI, USA
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Soudek K, Kozák M, Sobota M. [Surgical treatment of necrotizing hemorrhagic pancreatitis with a prolonged course]. Rozhl Chir 1991; 70:168-73. [PMID: 1896898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The authors describe the course of acute haemorrhagic necrotizing pancreatitis complicated by prolonged septicaemia, the formation of abscesses, acute haemorrhage and a intestinal fistula--"Critically ill patient". Early surgical elimination of necrotic septic foci is the prerequisite of effective treatment and cure. In the diagnosis CT and magnetic resonance prove most useful. With the latter so far little experience as been assembled. Ultrasonographic visualization technique is insufficient for the diagnosis of focal changes in the area of the pancreas.
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