Projecting the Contribution of Assisted Reproductive Technology to Completed Cohort Fertility

Assisted reproductive technology (ART) is increasingly influencing the fertility trends of high-income countries characterized by a pattern of delayed childbearing. However, research on the impact of ART on completed fertility is limited and the extent to which delayed births are realized later in life through ART is not well understood. This study uses data from Australian fertility clinics and national birth registries to project the contribution of ART for cohorts of women that have not yet completed their reproductive life and estimate the role played by ART in the fertility 'recuperation' process. Assuming that the increasing trends in ART success rates and treatment rates continue, the projection shows that the contribution of ART-conceived births to completed fertility will increase from 2.1% among women born in 1968 to 5.7% among women born in 1986. ART is projected to substantially affect the extent to which childbearing delay will be compensated at older ages, suggesting that its availability may become an important factor in helping women to achieve their reproductive plans later in life.

Supplementary Information

The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11113-023-09765-3.

Quantifying the impact of COVID-19 on immigration in receiving high-income countries

Previous studies have examined the impact of COVID-19 on mortality and fertility. However, little is known about the effect of the pandemic on constraining international migration. We use Eurostat and national statistics data on immigration and ARIMA time-series models to quantify the impact of COVID-19 on immigration flows in 15 high-income countries by forecasting their counterfactual levels in 2020, assuming no pandemic, and comparing these estimates with observed immigration counts. We then explore potential driving forces, such as stringency measures and increases in unemployment moderating the extent of immigration change. Our results show that immigration declined in all countries, except in Finland. Yet, significant cross-national variations exist. Australia (60%), Spain (45%) and Sweden (36%) display the largest declines, while immigration decreased by between 15% and 30% in seven countries, and by less than 15% in four nations where results were not statistically significant. International travel restrictions, mobility restrictions and stay-at-home requirements exhibit a relatively strong relationship with declines in immigration, although countries with similar levels of stringency witnessed varying levels of immigration decline. Work and school closings and unemployment show no relationship with changes in immigration.

Synthesis of 4-OXO-4H-Chromene Derivative with Fused Benzodiazepine Ring

6-Acetylbenzo[b]chromeno[2,3-e][1,4]diazepin-13(6H)-one 6 was synthesized by reaction of 4- oxo-4H-chromene-3-carboxaldehyde 1 with 1,2-diaminobenzene 2 followed by cyclisation of formed Schiff base 3 and spontaneous oxidation of dihydrodiazepine 4 by air oxygen. Finally, diazepine 5 was acetylated at N(6) by reaction with acetic anhydride.