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Dsilva A, Avlas S, Rhone N, Itan M, Munitz A. A Mouse Model for Eosinophilic Esophagitis (EoE). Curr Protoc 2024; 4:e993. [PMID: 38372429 DOI: 10.1002/cpz1.993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is an emerging chronic T helper type 2 (Th2)-associated, allergic, and immune-mediated disease, characterized histologically by eosinophil-predominant mucosal inflammation and clinically by esophageal dysfunction. Over the past years, the prevalence of EoE has dramatically increased globally. Until recently, most studies of EoE focused on using human biopsies, which are also used for diagnostic purposes, or esophageal epithelial cell lines, which led to major advances in the understanding of EoE. Despite this, a robust mouse model that mimics human disease is still crucial for both understanding disease pathogenesis and as a preclinical model for testing future therapeutics. Herein, we describe a highly reproducible and robust model of EoE that can be performed using wild-type mice by ear sensitization with oxazolone (OXA) followed by intraesophageal challenges. Experimental EoE elicited by OXA mimics the main histopathological features of human EoE, including intraepithelial eosinophilia, epithelial and lamina propria thickening, basal cell hyperplasia, and fibrosis. © 2024 The Authors. Current Protocols published by Wiley Periodicals LLC. Basic Protocol: Induction of EoE in mice using oxazolone Support Protocol 1: Preparing the mouse esophagus for histological analysis Support Protocol 2: Assessment of epithelial and lamina propria thickness using H&E staining Support Protocol 3: Assessment of eosinophilic infiltration using anti-MBP and basal cell proliferation using anti-Ki-67 staining Support Protocol 4: Flow cytometry of mouse esophageal samples Support Protocol 5: ELISA on protein lysates of esophageal samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anish Dsilva
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Tel Aviv University, Israel
| | - Shmulik Avlas
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Tel Aviv University, Israel
| | - Natalie Rhone
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Tel Aviv University, Israel
| | - Michal Itan
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Tel Aviv University, Israel
| | - Ariel Munitz
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Tel Aviv University, Israel
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Bader G, Itan M, Edry-Botzer L, Cohen H, Haskin O, Mozer-Glassberg Y, Harel L, Munitz A, Mandelblit NM, Gerlic M. Adaptive immune response to BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine in immunocompromised adolescent patients. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1131965. [PMID: 37051242 PMCID: PMC10084476 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1131965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Protective immunity against COVID-19 is orchestrated by an intricate network of innate and adaptive anti-viral immune responses. Several vaccines have been rapidly developed to combat the destructive effects of COVID-19, which initiate an immunological cascade that results in the generation of neutralizing antibodies and effector T cells towards the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. Developing optimal vaccine-induced anti-SARS- CoV-2 protective immunity depends on a fully competent immune response. Some evidence was gathered on the effects of vaccination outcomes in immunocompromised adult individuals. Nonetheless, protective immunity elicited by the Pfizer Biontech BNT162b2 vaccine in immunocompromised adolescents received less attention and was mainly focused on the antibody response and their neutralization potential. The overall immune response, including T-cell activities, was largely understudied. In this study, we characterized the immune response of vaccinated immunocompromised adolescents. We found that immunocompromised adolescents, which may fail to elicit a humoral response and develop antibodies, may still develop cellular T-cell immunity towards SARS-CoV-2 infections. Furthermore, most immunocompromised adolescents due to genetic disorders or drugs (Kidney and liver transplantation) still develop either humoral, cellular or both arms of immunity towards SARS-CoV-2 infections. We also demonstrate that most patients could mount a cellular or humoral response even after six months post 2nd vaccination. The findings that adolescents immunocompromised patients respond to some extent to vaccination are promising. Finally, they question the necessity for additional vaccination boosting regimens for this population who are not at high risk for severe disease, without further testing of their post-vaccination immune status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guy Bader
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler School of Medicine Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Michal Itan
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler School of Medicine Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Liat Edry-Botzer
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler School of Medicine Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Hadar Cohen
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler School of Medicine Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Orly Haskin
- Sackler School, Medicine Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Nephrology Unit, Schneider Children’s Medical Center of Israel, Petach Tikva, Israel
| | - Yael Mozer-Glassberg
- Sackler School, Medicine Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Gastroenterology Unit, Schneider Children’s Medical Center of Israel, Petach Tikva, Israel
| | - Liora Harel
- Sackler School, Medicine Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Rheumatology Unit, Schneider Children’s Medical Center of Israel, Petach Tikva, Israel
| | - Ariel Munitz
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler School of Medicine Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- *Correspondence: Ariel Munitz, ; Nufar Marcus Mandelblit, ; Motti Gerlic,
| | - Nufar Marcus Mandelblit
- Sackler School, Medicine Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Kipper Institute of Immunology, Schneider Children’s Medical Center of Israel, Petach Tikva, Israel
- *Correspondence: Ariel Munitz, ; Nufar Marcus Mandelblit, ; Motti Gerlic,
| | - Motti Gerlic
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler School of Medicine Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- *Correspondence: Ariel Munitz, ; Nufar Marcus Mandelblit, ; Motti Gerlic,
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Avlas S, Shani G, Rhone N, Itan M, Dolitzky A, Hazut I, Tal SG, Gordon Y, Shoda T, Ballaban A, Baruch NMB, Rochman M, Diesendruck Y, Nahary L, Bitton A, Halpern Z, Benhar I, Varol C, Rothenberg ME, Munitz A. Epithelial cell-expressed type II IL-4 receptor mediates eosinophilic esophagitis. Allergy 2023; 78:464-476. [PMID: 36070083 PMCID: PMC9892241 DOI: 10.1111/all.15510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is a chronic, food-driven allergic disease, characterized by eosinophil-rich inflammation in the esophagus. The histopathological and clinical features of EoE have been attributed to overproduction of the type 2 cytokines IL-4 and IL-13, which mediate profound alterations in the esophageal epithelium and neutralizing of their shared receptor component (IL-4Rα) with a human antibody drug (dupilumab) demonstrates clinical efficacy. Yet, the relative contribution of IL-4 and IL-13 and whether the type II IL-4 receptor (comprised of the IL-4Rα chain in association with IL-13Rα1) mediates this effect has not been determined. METHODS Experimental EoE was induced in WT, Il13ra1-/- , and Krt14Cre /Il13ra1fl/fl mice by skin-sensitized using 4-ethoxymethylene-2-phenyl-2-oxazolin (OXA) followed by intraesophageal challenges. Esophageal histopathology was determined histologically. RNA was extracted and sequenced for transcriptome analysis and compared with human EoE RNAseq data. RESULTS Induction of experimental EoE in mice lacking Il13ra1 and in vivo IL-13 antibody-based neutralization experiments blocked antigen-induced esophageal epithelial and lamina propria thickening, basal cell proliferation, eosinophilia, and tissue remodeling. In vivo targeted deletion of Il13ra1 in esophageal epithelial cells rendered mice protected from experimental EoE. Single-cell RNA sequencing analysis of human EoE biopsies revealed predominant expression of IL-13Rα1 in epithelial cells and that EoE signature genes correlated with IL-13 expression compared with IL-4. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrate a definitive role for IL-13 signaling via IL-13Rα1 in EoE. These data provide mechanistic insights into the mode of action of current therapies in EoE and highlight the type II IL-4R as a future therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shmulik Avlas
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Guy Shani
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Natalie Rhone
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Michal Itan
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Avishay Dolitzky
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Inbal Hazut
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Sharon Grisaru- Tal
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Yaara Gordon
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Tetsuo Shoda
- Division of Allergy/Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center and the University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Adina Ballaban
- Division of Allergy/Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center and the University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Netali Morgenstern Ben- Baruch
- Division of Allergy/Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center and the University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Mark Rochman
- Division of Allergy/Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center and the University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Yael Diesendruck
- The Shmunis School of Biomedicine and Cancer Research, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Limor Nahary
- The Shmunis School of Biomedicine and Cancer Research, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Almog Bitton
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel,The Shmunis School of Biomedicine and Cancer Research, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Zamir Halpern
- Research Center for Digestive Tract and Liver Diseases, Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Itai Benhar
- The Shmunis School of Biomedicine and Cancer Research, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Chen Varol
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel,Research Center for Digestive Tract and Liver Diseases, Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Marc E. Rothenberg
- Division of Allergy/Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center and the University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Ariel Munitz
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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Avlas S, Kassis H, Itan M, Reichman H, Dolitzky A, Hazut I, Grisaru-Tal S, Gordon Y, Tsarfaty I, Karo-Atar D, Rozenberg P, Bitton A, Munitz A. CD300b regulates intestinal inflammation and promotes repair in colitis. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1050245. [PMID: 37033950 PMCID: PMC10073762 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1050245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammation is a hallmark charataristic of various inflammatory diseases including inflammatory bowel disease. Subsequently, current therapeutic approaches target immune-mediated pathways as means for therapeutic intervention and promotion of mucosal healing and repair. Emerging data demonstrate important roles for CD300 receptor family members in settings of innate immunity as well as in allergic and autoimmune diseases. One of the main pathways mediating the activities of CD300 family members is via promotion of resolution through interactions with ligands expressed by viruses, bacteria, or dead cells (e.g., phospholipids such as PtdSer and/or ceramide). We have recently shown that the expression of CD300a, CD300b and CD300f were elevated in patients with IBD and that CD300f (but not CD300a) regulates colonic inflammation in response to dextran sodium sulphate (DSS)-induced colitis. Whether CD300b has a role in colitis or mucosal healing is largely unknown. Herein, we demonstrate a central and distinct role for CD300b in colonic inflammation and subsequent repair. We show that Cd300b-/- mice display defects in mucosal healing upon cessation of DSS treatment. Cd300b-/- mice display increased weight loss and disease activity index, which is accompanied by increased colonic histopathology, increased infiltration of inflammatory cells and expression of multiple pro-inflammatory upon cessation of DSS cytokines. Furthermore, we demonstrate that soluble CD300b (sCD300b) is increased in the colons of DSS-treated mice and establish that CD300b can bind mouse and human epithelial cells. Finally, we show that CD300b decreases epithelial EpCAM expression, promotes epithelial cell motility and wound healing. These data highlight a key role for CD300b in colonic inflammation and repair processes and suggest that CD300b may be a future therapeutic target in inflammatory GI diseases.
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Dolitzky A, Hazut I, Avlas S, Grisaru-Tal S, Itan M, Zaffran I, Levi-Schaffer F, Gerlic M, Munitz A. Differential regulation of Type 1 and Type 2 mouse eosinophil activation by apoptotic cells. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1041660. [PMID: 36389786 PMCID: PMC9662748 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1041660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 08/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Eosinophils are multifunctional, evolutionary conserved leukocytes that are involved in a plethora of responses ranging from regulation of tissue homeostasis, host defense and cancer. Although eosinophils have been studied mostly in the context of Type 2 inflammatory responses, it is now evident that they participate in Type 1 inflammatory responses and can respond to Type 1 cytokines such as IFN-γ. Notably, both Type 1- and Type 2 inflammatory environments are characterized by tissue damage and cell death. Collectively, this raises the possibility that eosinophils can interact with apoptotic cells, which can alter eosinophil activation in the inflammatory milieu. Herein, we demonstrate that eosinophils can bind and engulf apoptotic cells. We further show that exposure of eosinophils to apoptotic cells induces marked transcriptional changes in eosinophils, which polarize eosinophils towards an anti-inflammatory phenotype that is associated with wound healing and cell migration. Using an unbiased RNA sequencing approach, we demonstrate that apoptotic cells suppress the inflammatory responses of eosinophils that were activated with IFN-γ + E. coli (e.g., Type 1 eosinophils) and augment IL-4-induced eosinophil activation (e.g., Type 2 eosinophils). These data contribute to the growing understanding regarding the heterogeneity of eosinophil activation patterns and highlight apoptotic cells as potential regulators of eosinophil polarization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avishay Dolitzky
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Inbal Hazut
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Shmulik Avlas
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Sharon Grisaru-Tal
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Michal Itan
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Ilan Zaffran
- Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Francesca Levi-Schaffer
- Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Motti Gerlic
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Ariel Munitz
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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6
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Dolitzky A, Grisaru‐Tal S, Avlas S, Hazut I, Gordon Y, Itan M, Munitz A. Mouse resident lung eosinophils are dependent on IL-5. Allergy 2022; 77:2822-2825. [PMID: 35524429 PMCID: PMC9542632 DOI: 10.1111/all.15362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Avishay Dolitzky
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of MedicineTel Aviv UniversityTel AvivIsrael
| | - Sharon Grisaru‐Tal
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of MedicineTel Aviv UniversityTel AvivIsrael
| | - Shmuel Avlas
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of MedicineTel Aviv UniversityTel AvivIsrael
| | - Inbal Hazut
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of MedicineTel Aviv UniversityTel AvivIsrael
| | - Yaara Gordon
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of MedicineTel Aviv UniversityTel AvivIsrael
| | - Michal Itan
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of MedicineTel Aviv UniversityTel AvivIsrael
| | - Ariel Munitz
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of MedicineTel Aviv UniversityTel AvivIsrael
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7
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Grisaru-Tal S, Dulberg S, Beck L, Zhang C, Itan M, Hediyeh-Zadeh S, Caldwell J, Rozenberg P, Dolitzky A, Avlas S, Hazut I, Gordon Y, Shani O, Tsuriel S, Gerlic M, Erez N, Jacquelot N, Belz GT, Rothenberg ME, Davis MJ, Yu H, Geiger T, Madi A, Munitz A. Metastasis-Entrained Eosinophils Enhance Lymphocyte-Mediated Antitumor Immunity. Cancer Res 2021; 81:5555-5571. [PMID: 34429328 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-21-0839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The recognition of the immune system as a key component of the tumor microenvironment (TME) led to promising therapeutics. Because such therapies benefit only subsets of patients, understanding the activities of immune cells in the TME is required. Eosinophils are an integral part of the TME especially in mucosal tumors. Nonetheless, their role in the TME and the environmental cues that direct their activities are largely unknown. We report that breast cancer lung metastases are characterized by resident and recruited eosinophils. Eosinophil recruitment to the metastatic sites in the lung was regulated by G protein-coupled receptor signaling but independent of CCR3. Functionally, eosinophils promoted lymphocyte-mediated antitumor immunity. Transcriptome and proteomic analyses identified the TME rather than intrinsic differences between eosinophil subsets as a key instructing factor directing antitumorigenic eosinophil activities. Specifically, TNFα/IFNγ-activated eosinophils facilitated CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell infiltration and promoted antitumor immunity. Collectively, we identify a mechanism by which the TME trains eosinophils to adopt antitumorigenic properties, which may lead to the development of eosinophil-targeted therapeutics. SIGNIFICANCE: These findings demonstrate antitumor activities of eosinophils in the metastatic tumor microenvironment, suggesting that harnessing eosinophil activity may be a viable clinical strategy in patients with cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon Grisaru-Tal
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Shai Dulberg
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Lir Beck
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Chunyan Zhang
- Department of Immuno-Oncology, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, California
| | - Michal Itan
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Soroor Hediyeh-Zadeh
- Bioinformatics Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Melbourne VIC, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Julie Caldwell
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Perri Rozenberg
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Avishay Dolitzky
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Shmuel Avlas
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Inbal Hazut
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Yaara Gordon
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Ophir Shani
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Shlomo Tsuriel
- Institute of Pathology, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Motti Gerlic
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Neta Erez
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Nicolas Jacquelot
- Bioinformatics Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Melbourne VIC, Australia.,Princess Margaret Cancer Center, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gabrielle T Belz
- Bioinformatics Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Melbourne VIC, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, Australia.,The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Marc E Rothenberg
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Melissa J Davis
- Bioinformatics Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Melbourne VIC, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Hua Yu
- Department of Immuno-Oncology, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, California
| | - Tamar Geiger
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Asaf Madi
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Ariel Munitz
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
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Grisaru-Tal S, Itan M, Grass DG, Torres-Roca J, Eschrich SA, Gordon Y, Dolitzky A, Hazut I, Avlas S, Jacobsen EA, Ziv-Baran T, Munitz A. Primary tumors from mucosal barrier organs drive unique eosinophil infiltration patterns and clinical associations. Oncoimmunology 2020; 10:1859732. [PMID: 33457078 PMCID: PMC7781846 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2020.1859732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Eosinophils are bone marrow-derived granulocytes that display key effector functions in allergic diseases. Nonetheless, recent data highlight important roles for eosinophils in the tumor microenvironment (TME). Eosinophils have been attributed with pleiotropic and perhaps conflicting functions, which may be attributed at least in part to variations in eosinophil quantitation in the TME. Thus, a reliable, quantitative, and robust method for the assessment of eosinophilic infiltration in the TME is required. This type of methodology could standardize the identification of these cells and promote the subsequent generation of hypothesis-driven mechanistic studies. To this end, we conducted a comprehensive analysis of multiple primary tumors from distinct anatomical sites using a standardized method. Bioinformatics analysis of 10,469 genomically profiled primary tumors revealed that eosinophil abundance within different tumors can be categorized into three groups representing tumors with high, intermediate, and low eosinophil levels. Consequently, eosinophil abundance, as well as spatial distribution, was determined in tissue tumor arrays of six tumors representing all three classifications (colon and esophagus - high; lung - intermediate; cervix, ovary, and breast - low). With the exception of breast cancer, eosinophils were mainly localized in the tumor stroma. Importantly, the tumor anatomical site was identified as the primary predictive factor of eosinophil stromal density highlighting a distinction between mucosal-barrier organs versus non-mucosal barrier organs. These findings enhance our understanding of eosinophil diversity in the TME and provide a compelling rationale for future experiments assessing the activity of these cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon Grisaru-Tal
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Michal Itan
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Daniel G Grass
- Department of Radiation Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Javier Torres-Roca
- Department of Radiation Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Steven A Eschrich
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Yaara Gordon
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Avishay Dolitzky
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Inbal Hazut
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Shmuel Avlas
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Elizabeth A Jacobsen
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Mayo Clinic Scottsdale, SC Johnson Medical Research Center, Scottsdale, AZ, USA
| | - Tomer Ziv-Baran
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Ariel Munitz
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
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Bitton A, Avlas S, Reichman H, Itan M, Karo-Atar D, Azouz NP, Rozenberg P, Diesendruck Y, Nahary L, Rothenberg ME, Benhar I, Munitz A. A key role for IL-13 signaling via the type 2 IL-4 receptor in experimental atopic dermatitis. Sci Immunol 2020; 5:5/44/eaaw2938. [PMID: 32060143 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.aaw2938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Revised: 10/06/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
IL-13 and IL-4 are potent mediators of type 2-associated inflammation such as those found in atopic dermatitis (AD). IL-4 shares overlapping biological functions with IL-13, a finding that is mainly explained by their ability to signal via the type 2 IL-4 receptor (R), which is composed of IL-4Rα in association with IL-13Rα1. Nonetheless, the role of the type 2 IL-4R in AD remains to be clearly defined. Induction of two distinct models of experimental AD in Il13ra1 -/- mice, which lack the type 2 IL-4R, revealed that dermatitis, including ear and epidermal thickening, was dependent on type 2 IL-4R signaling. Expression of TNF-α was dependent on the type 2 IL-4R, whereas induction of IL-4, IgE, CCL24, and skin eosinophilia was dependent on the type 1 IL-4R. Neutralization of IL-4, IL-13, and TNF-α as well as studies in bone marrow-chimeric mice revealed that dermatitis, TNF-α, CXCL1, and CCL11 expression were exclusively mediated by IL-13 signaling via the type 2 IL-4R expressed by nonhematopoietic cells. Conversely, induction of IL-4, CCL24, and eosinophilia was dependent on IL-4 signaling via the type 1 IL-4R expressed by hematopoietic cells. Last, we pharmacologically targeted IL-13Rα1 and established a proof of concept for therapeutic targeting of this pathway in AD. Our data provide mechanistic insight into the differential roles of IL-4, IL-13, and their receptor components in allergic skin and highlight type 2 IL-4R as a potential therapeutic target in AD and other allergic diseases such as asthma and eosinophilic esophagitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Almog Bitton
- School of Molecular Cell Biology and Biotechnology, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, 69978 Tel Aviv, Israel.,Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, 69978 Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Shmuel Avlas
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, 69978 Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Hadar Reichman
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, 69978 Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Michal Itan
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, 69978 Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Danielle Karo-Atar
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, 69978 Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Nurit P Azouz
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Perri Rozenberg
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, 69978 Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Yael Diesendruck
- School of Molecular Cell Biology and Biotechnology, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, 69978 Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Limor Nahary
- School of Molecular Cell Biology and Biotechnology, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, 69978 Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Marc E Rothenberg
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Itai Benhar
- School of Molecular Cell Biology and Biotechnology, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, 69978 Tel Aviv, Israel.
| | - Ariel Munitz
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, 69978 Tel Aviv, Israel.
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10
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Abstract
Eosinophils are evolutionarily conserved, pleotropic cells that display key effector functions in allergic diseases, such as asthma. Nonetheless, eosinophils infiltrate multiple tumours and are equipped to regulate tumour progression either directly by interacting with tumour cells or indirectly by shaping the tumour microenvironment (TME). Eosinophils can readily respond to diverse stimuli and are capable of synthesizing and secreting a large range of molecules, including unique granule proteins that can potentially kill tumour cells. Alternatively, they can secrete pro-angiogenic and matrix-remodelling soluble mediators that could promote tumour growth. Herein, we aim to comprehensively outline basic eosinophil biology that is directly related to their activity in the TME. We discuss the mechanisms of eosinophil homing to the TME and examine their diverse pro-tumorigenic and antitumorigenic functions. Finally, we present emerging data regarding eosinophils as predictive biomarkers and effector cells in immunotherapy, especially in response to immune checkpoint blockade therapy, and highlight outstanding questions for future basic and clinical cancer research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon Grisaru-Tal
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Michal Itan
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Amy D Klion
- Human Eosinophil Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ariel Munitz
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Tel Aviv, Israel.
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11
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Reichman H, Itan M, Rozenberg P, Yarmolovski T, Brazowski E, Varol C, Gluck N, Shapira S, Arber N, Qimron U, Karo-Atar D, Lee JJ, Munitz A. Activated Eosinophils Exert Antitumorigenic Activities in Colorectal Cancer. Cancer Immunol Res 2019; 7:388-400. [PMID: 30665890 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-18-0494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Revised: 10/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Immunotherapies targeting T lymphocytes are revolutionizing cancer therapy but only benefit a subset of patients, especially in colorectal cancer. Thus, additional insight into the tumor microenvironment (TME) is required. Eosinophils are bone marrow-derived cells that have been largely studied in the context of allergic diseases and parasite infections. Although tumor-associated eosinophilia has been described in various solid tumors including colorectal cancer, knowledge is still missing regarding eosinophil activities and even the basic question of whether the TME promotes eosinophil recruitment without additional manipulation (e.g., immunotherapy) is unclear. Herein, we report that eosinophils are recruited into developing tumors during induction of inflammation-induced colorectal cancer and in mice with the Apcmin /+ genotype, which develop spontaneous intestinal adenomas. Using adoptive transfer and cytokine neutralization experiments, we demonstrate that the TME supported prolonged eosinophil survival independent of IL5, an eosinophil survival cytokine. Tumor-infiltrating eosinophils consisted of degranulating eosinophils and were essential for tumor rejection independently of CD8+ T cells. Transcriptome and proteomic analysis revealed an IFNγ-linked signature for intratumoral eosinophils that was different from that of macrophages. Our data establish antitumorigenic roles for eosinophils in colorectal cancer. These findings may facilitate the development of pharmacologic treatments that could unleash antitumor responses by eosinophils, especially in colorectal cancer patients displaying eosinophilia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadar Reichman
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, the Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Israel
| | - Michal Itan
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, the Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Israel
| | - Perri Rozenberg
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, the Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Israel
| | - Tal Yarmolovski
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, the Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Israel
| | - Eli Brazowski
- Research Center for Digestive Tract and Disorders and Liver Diseases, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Chen Varol
- Research Center for Digestive Tract and Disorders and Liver Diseases, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Nathan Gluck
- Research Center for Digestive Tract and Disorders and Liver Diseases, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Shiran Shapira
- Integrated Cancer Prevention Center, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Nadir Arber
- Integrated Cancer Prevention Center, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Udi Qimron
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, the Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Israel
| | - Danielle Karo-Atar
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, the Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Israel
| | - James J Lee
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, Arizona
| | - Ariel Munitz
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, the Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Israel.
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12
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Reichman H, Moshkovits I, Itan M, Pasmanik-Chor M, Vogl T, Roth J, Munitz A. Author Correction: Transcriptome profiling of mouse colonic eosinophils reveals a key role for eosinophils in the induction of s100a8 and s100a9 in mucosal healing. Sci Rep 2018; 8:8211. [PMID: 29795183 PMCID: PMC5964313 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-26377-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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13
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Reichman H, Rozenberg P, Itan M, Varol C, Gluck N, Pasmanik-Chor M, Karo-Atar D, Munitz A. 18 Eosinophils are an integral part of the tumour microenvironment in colorectal cancer exerting potent anti-tumorigenic activities. ESMO Open 2018. [DOI: 10.1136/esmoopen-2018-eacr25.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
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14
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Reichman H, Moshkovits I, Itan M, Pasmanik-Chor M, Vogl T, Roth J, Munitz A. Transcriptome profiling of mouse colonic eosinophils reveals a key role for eosinophils in the induction of s100a8 and s100a9 in mucosal healing. Sci Rep 2017; 7:7117. [PMID: 28769105 PMCID: PMC5540981 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-07738-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 07/04/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Eosinophils are bone marrow-derived cells that have been largely implicated in Th2-associated diseases. Recent data highlights a key role for eosinophils in mucosal innate immune responses especially in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, which is one of the largest eosinophil reservoirs in the body. Although eosinophils express and synthesize a plethora of proteins that can mediate their effector activities, the transcriptome signature of eosinophils in mucosal inflammation and subsequent repair has been considerably overlooked. We demonstrate that eosinophils are recruited to the colon in acute inflammatory stages where they promote intestinal inflammation and remain in substantial numbers throughout the mucosal healing process. Microarray analysis of primary colonic eosinophils that were sorted at distinct stages of mucosal inflammation and repair revealed dynamic regulation of colonic eosinophil mRNA expression. The clinically relevant genes s100a8 and s100a9 were strikingly increased in colonic eosinophils (up to 550-fold and 80-fold, respectively). Furthermore, local and systemic expression of s100a8 and s100a9 were nearly diminished in eosinophil-deficient ΔdblGATA mice, and were re-constituted upon adoptive transfer of eosinophils. Taken together, these data may provide new insight into the involvement of eosinophils in colonic inflammation and repair, which may have diagnostic and therapeutic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadar Reichman
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, The Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, 69978, Israel
| | - Italy Moshkovits
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, The Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, 69978, Israel
| | - Michal Itan
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, The Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, 69978, Israel
| | - Metsada Pasmanik-Chor
- Bioinformatics Unit, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 64239, Israel
| | - Thomas Vogl
- Institute of Immunology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Johannes Roth
- Institute of Immunology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Ariel Munitz
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, The Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, 69978, Israel.
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15
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Moshkovits I, Reichman H, Karo-Atar D, Rozenberg P, Zigmond E, Haberman Y, Ben Baruch-Morgenstern N, Lampinen M, Carlson M, Itan M, Denson LA, Varol C, Munitz A. A key requirement for CD300f in innate immune responses of eosinophils in colitis. Mucosal Immunol 2017; 10:172-183. [PMID: 27118491 DOI: 10.1038/mi.2016.37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2015] [Accepted: 03/16/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Eosinophils are traditionally studied in the context of type 2 immune responses. However, recent studies highlight key innate immune functions for eosinophils especially in colonic inflammation. Surprisingly, molecular pathways regulating innate immune activities of eosinophil are largely unknown. We have recently shown that the CD300f is highly expressed by colonic eosinophils. Nonetheless, the role of CD300f in governing innate immune eosinophil activities is ill-defined. RNA sequencing of 162 pediatric Crohn's disease patients revealed upregulation of multiple Cd300 family members, which correlated with the presence of severe ulcerations and inflammation. Increased expression of CD300 family receptors was also observed in active ulcerative colitis (UC) and in mice following induction of experimental colitis. Specifically, the expression of CD300f was dynamically regulated in monocytes and eosinophils. Dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-treated Cd300f-/- mice exhibit attenuated disease activity and histopathology in comparison with DSS-treated wild type (WT). Decreased disease activity in Cd300f-/- mice was accompanied with reduced inflammatory cell infiltration and nearly abolished production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Monocyte depletion and chimeric bone marrow transfer experiments revealed a cell-specific requirement for CD300f in innate immune activation of eosinophils. Collectively, we uncover a new pathway regulating innate immune activities of eosinophils, a finding with significant implications in eosinophil-associated gastrointestinal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Moshkovits
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - H Reichman
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - D Karo-Atar
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - P Rozenberg
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - E Zigmond
- Research Center for Digestive Tract and Liver Diseases, Sourasky Medical Center and Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Y Haberman
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.,Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - N Ben Baruch-Morgenstern
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - M Lampinen
- Gastroenterology Research Group, Department of Medical Sciences, University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - M Carlson
- Gastroenterology Research Group, Department of Medical Sciences, University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - M Itan
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - L A Denson
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - C Varol
- Research Center for Digestive Tract and Liver Diseases, Sourasky Medical Center and Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - A Munitz
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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16
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Karo-Atar D, Bordowitz A, Wand O, Pasmanik-Chor M, Fernandez IE, Itan M, Frenkel R, Herbert DR, Finkelman FD, Eickelberg O, Munitz A. A protective role for IL-13 receptor α 1 in bleomycin-induced pulmonary injury and repair. Mucosal Immunol 2016; 9:240-53. [PMID: 26153764 PMCID: PMC4703942 DOI: 10.1038/mi.2015.56] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2014] [Accepted: 05/14/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Molecular mechanisms that regulate lung repair vs. progressive scarring in pulmonary fibrosis remain elusive. Interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-13 are pro-fibrotic cytokines that share common receptor chains including IL-13 receptor (R) α1 and are key pharmacological targets in fibrotic diseases. However, the roles of IL-13Rα1 in mediating lung injury/repair are unclear. We report dysregulated levels of IL-13 receptors in the lungs of bleomycin-treated mice and to some extent in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis patients. Transcriptional profiling demonstrated an epithelial cell-associated gene signature that was homeostatically dependent on IL-13Rα1 expression. IL-13Rα1 regulated a striking array of genes in the lung following bleomycin administration and Il13ra1 deficiency resulted in exacerbated bleomycin-induced disease. Increased pathology in bleomycin-treated Il13ra1(-/-) mice was due to IL-13Rα1 expression in structural and hematopoietic cells but not due to increased responsiveness to IL-17, IL-4, IL-13, increased IL-13Rα2 or type 1 IL-4R signaling. These data highlight underappreciated protective roles for IL-13Rα1 in lung injury and homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Karo-Atar
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, The Sackler School of Medicine, The Tel-Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Israel
| | - A Bordowitz
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, The Sackler School of Medicine, The Tel-Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Israel
| | - O Wand
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, The Sackler School of Medicine, The Tel-Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Israel
| | - M Pasmanik-Chor
- Bioinformatics Unit, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - I E Fernandez
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center, Ludwig Maximilians University, University Hospital Grosshadern, and Helmholtz Zentrum München, Member of the German Center for Lung Research, Munich, Germany
| | - M Itan
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, The Sackler School of Medicine, The Tel-Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Israel
| | - R Frenkel
- Department of Math, Physics and Computer Science, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - D R Herbert
- Division of Experimental Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - F D Finkelman
- Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA,Department of Medicine, Cincinnati Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA,Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - O Eickelberg
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center, Ludwig Maximilians University, University Hospital Grosshadern, and Helmholtz Zentrum München, Member of the German Center for Lung Research, Munich, Germany
| | - A Munitz
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, The Sackler School of Medicine, The Tel-Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Israel,()
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Karo-Atar D, Itan M, Pasmanik-Chor M, Munitz A. MicroRNA profiling reveals opposing expression patterns for miR-511 in alternatively and classically activated macrophages. J Asthma 2015; 52:545-53. [PMID: 25405361 DOI: 10.3109/02770903.2014.988222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Macrophages are heterogeneous cells, which possess pleotropic effector and immunoregulatory functions. The phenotypic diversity of macrophages is best exemplified by the ability of IL-4 or IL-13, two key cytokines in asthma to promote macrophages into a suppressive/anti-inflammatory phenotype (e.g. alternatively activated or M2) whereas exposure to IFN-γ followed by microbial trigger renders macrophages pro-inflammatory (e.g. classically activated or M1). Intriguingly, only limited data exists regarding the expression of miRNA in M2 macrophages. OBJECTIVE To define the miRNA profile of M2 and M1 macrophages. METHODS Bone marrow-derived macrophages were activated to classically and alternatively activated states using IL-4, IL-13 or IFN-γ followed by Escherichia coli stimulation. Thereafter, an unbiased miRNA "mining" approach was utilized and the expression of several miRNAs was validated following in-vitro and in-vivo macrophage activation (qPCR). miR-511 over-expression was performed followed by global transcriptional and bioinformatic analyses. RESULTS We report unique miRNA expression profiles in M2 and M1 macrophages involving multiple miRNAs. Among these miRNAs, we established that miR-511 is increased in macrophages following IL-4- and IL-13-stimulation and decreased in M1 macrophages both in-vitro and in-vivo. Increased miR-511 expression was sufficient to induce marked transcriptional changes in macrophages. Interestingly, bioinformatics analyses revealed that miR-511 altered the expression of gene products that are associated with hallmark alternatively activated macrophage functions, such as cellular proliferation, wound healing responses and inflammation. CONCLUSIONS Our data establish miR-511 as a bona fide M2-associated miRNA. These data may have significant implications in asthma where the expression of IL-4 and IL-13 are highly increased.
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18
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Moshkovits I, Shik D, Itan M, Karo-Atar D, Bernshtein B, Hershko AY, van Lookeren Campagne M, Munitz A. CMRF35-like molecule 1 (CLM-1) regulates eosinophil homeostasis by suppressing cellular chemotaxis. Mucosal Immunol 2014; 7:292-303. [PMID: 23820751 DOI: 10.1038/mi.2013.47] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2013] [Accepted: 06/04/2013] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Eosinophil accumulation in health and disease is a hallmark characteristic of mucosal immunity and type 2 helper T cell (Th2) inflammation. Eotaxin-induced CCR3 (chemokine (C-C motif) receptor 3) signaling has a critical role in eosinophil chemotactic responses. Nevertheless, the expressions of immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motif-bearing receptors such as CMRF35-like molecule-1 (CLM-1) and their ability to govern eosinophil migration are largely unknown. We now report that CLM-1 (but not CLM-8) is highly and distinctly expressed by colonic and adipose tissue eosinophils. Furthermore, Clm1⁻/⁻ mice display elevated baseline tissue eosinophilia. CLM-1 negatively regulated eotaxin-induced eosinophil responses including eosinophil chemotaxis, actin polymerization, calcium influx, and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)-1/2, but not p38 phosphorylation. Addition of CLM-1 ligand (e.g., phosphatidylserine) rendered wild-type eosinophils hypochemotactic in vitro and blockade of CLM-1/ligand interactions rendered wild-type eosinophils hyperchemotactic in vitro and in vivo in a model of allergic airway disease. Interestingly, suppression of cellular recruitment via CLM-1 was specific to eosinophils and eotaxin, as leukotriene B₄ (LTB₄)- and macrophage inflammatory protein-1α (MIP-1α)-induced eosinophil and neutrophil migration were not negatively regulated by CLM-1. Finally, peripheral blood eosinophils obtained from allergic rhinitis patients displayed elevated CLM-1/CD300f levels. These data highlight CLM-1 as a novel regulator of eosinophil homeostasis and demonstrate that eosinophil accumulation is constantly governed by CLM-1, which negatively regulates eotaxin-induced eosinophil responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Moshkovits
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - D Shik
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - M Itan
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - D Karo-Atar
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - B Bernshtein
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - A Y Hershko
- Laboratory of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, The Herbert Center of Mast Cell Disorders, Meir Medical Center, Kfar Saba, Israel
| | | | - A Munitz
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
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19
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Alloul N, Gorzalczany Y, Itan M, Sigal N, Pick E. Activation of the superoxide-generating NADPH oxidase by chimeric proteins consisting of segments of the cytosolic component p67(phox) and the small GTPase Rac1. Biochemistry 2001; 40:14557-66. [PMID: 11724569 DOI: 10.1021/bi0117347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Activation of the superoxide (O2(-))-generating NADPH oxidase of phagocytes is the consequence of the assembly of a membrane-associated flavocytochrome b(559) with the cytosolic proteins p47(phox) and p67(phox) and the small GTPase Rac (1 or 2). We proposed that Rac1 serves as a membrane-targeting molecule for p67(phox). This hypothesis was tested by constructing recombinant chimeric proteins, joining various functional domains of p67(phox) and Rac1, and expressing these in Escherichia coli. Chimeras were assayed for the ability to support O2(-) production by phagocyte membranes in an amphiphile-activated cell-free system in the presence or absence of p47(phox). A chimera consisting of p67(phox) truncated at residue 212 and fused to a full-length Rac1 [p67(phox)(1-212)-Rac1(1-192)] was a potent NADPH oxidase activator. A p67(phox)(1-212)-Rac1(178-192) chimera, to which Rac1 contributed only the C-terminal polybasic domain, was a weaker but consistent activator. Chimeras comprising the full length of Rac1 bound GTP/GDP, like bona fide GTPases. The activity of p67(phox)-Rac1 chimeras was dependent on the presence of the tetratricopeptide repeat and activation domains, in the p67(phox) segment, and on an intact polybasic region, at the C terminus of the Rac1 segment, but not on the insert region of Rac1. Partial activation by chimeras, in the GTP-bound form, was also possible in the absence of p47(phox). Evidence is offered in support of the proposal that the GTP- and GDP-bound forms of chimera p67(phox)(1-212)-Rac1(1-192) have distinct conformations, corresponding to the presence and absence of intrachimeric bonds, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Alloul
- The Julius Friedrich Cohnheim-Minerva Center for Phagocyte Research and the Ela Kodesz Institute of Host Defense against Infectious Diseases, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
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20
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Gorzalczany Y, Sigal N, Itan M, Lotan O, Pick E. Targeting of Rac1 to the phagocyte membrane is sufficient for the induction of NADPH oxidase assembly. J Biol Chem 2000; 275:40073-81. [PMID: 11007780 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m006013200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The superoxide (O(2))-generating NADPH oxidase complex of phagocytes consists of a membrane-associated flavocytochrome (cytochrome b(559)) and four cytosolic proteins, p47(phox), p67(phox), p40(phox), and the small GTPase Rac (Rac1 or -2). NADPH oxidase activation (O(2) production) is elicited as the consequence of assembly of some or all cytosolic components with cytochrome b(559). This process can be reproduced in an in vitro system consisting of phagocyte membranes, p47(phox), p67(phox), and Rac, activated by an anionic amphiphile. We now show that post-translationally processed (prenylated) Rac1 initiates NADPH oxidase assembly, expressed in O(2) production, in a cell-free system containing phagocyte membrane vesicles and p67(phox), in the absence of an activating amphiphile and of p47(phox). Prenylated Cdc42Hs, a GTPase closely related to Rac, is inactive under the same conditions. Results obtained with phagocyte membrane vesicles can be reproduced fully by replacing these with partially purified cytochrome b(559), incorporated in phosphatidylcholine vesicles. Prenylated, but not nonprenylated, Rac1 binds spontaneously to phagocyte membrane vesicles and also to artificial, protein-free, phosphatidylcholine vesicles, a process counteracted by GDP dissociation inhibitor for Rho. Binding of prenylated Rac1 to membrane vesicles is accompanied by the recruitment of p67(phox) to the same location and the formation of an assembled NADPH oxidase complex, producing O(2) upon the addition of NADPH. Amphiphile and p47(phox)-independent NADPH oxidase activation by prenylated Rac1 is inhibited by Rho GDP dissociation inhibitor and by phosphatidylcholine vesicles, both competing with membrane for prenylated Rac1. We conclude that, in vitro, targeting of Rac to the phagocyte membrane is sufficient for the induction of NADPH oxidase assembly, suggesting that the principal or, possibly, the only role of Rac is to recruit cytosolic p67(phox) to the membrane environment, to be followed by the interaction of p67(phox) with cytochrome b(559).
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Gorzalczany
- Julius Friedrich Cohnheim-Minerva Center for Phagocyte Research, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
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