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Bhandari V, Black R, Gandhi B, Hogue S, Kakkilaya V, Mikhael M, Moya F, Pezzano C, Read P, Roberts KD, Ryan RM, Stanford RH, Wright CJ. RDS-NExT workshop: consensus statements for the use of surfactant in preterm neonates with RDS. J Perinatol 2023; 43:982-990. [PMID: 37188774 PMCID: PMC10400415 DOI: 10.1038/s41372-023-01690-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To provide the best clinical practice guidance for surfactant use in preterm neonates with respiratory distress syndrome (RDS). The RDS-Neonatal Expert Taskforce (RDS-NExT) initiative was intended to add to existing evidence and clinical guidelines, where evidence is lacking, with input from an expert panel. STUDY DESIGN An expert panel of healthcare providers specializing in neonatal intensive care was convened and administered a survey questionnaire, followed by 3 virtual workshops. A modified Delphi method was used to obtain consensus around topics in surfactant use in neonatal RDS. RESULT Statements focused on establishing RDS diagnosis and indicators for surfactant administration, surfactant administration methods and techniques, and other considerations. After discussion and voting, consensus was achieved on 20 statements. CONCLUSION These consensus statements provide practical guidance for surfactant administration in preterm neonates with RDS, with a goal to contribute to improving the care of neonates and providing a stimulus for further investigation to bridge existing knowledge gaps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vineet Bhandari
- The Children's Regional Hospital at Cooper/Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Camden, NJ, USA.
| | | | - Bheru Gandhi
- Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Venkatakrishna Kakkilaya
- Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | | | - Fernando Moya
- Division of Wilmington Pediatric Subspecialists, Department of Pediatrics, UNC School of Medicine, Wilmington, NC, USA
| | - Chad Pezzano
- Department of Cardio-Respiratory Services Pediatric -Albany Medical Center, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Pam Read
- AESARA Inc., Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | | | - Rita M Ryan
- UH Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital -Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | | | - Clyde J Wright
- Section of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Colorado and the University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
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2
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess interaction effects between gestational age and birth weight on 30-day unplanned hospital readmission following discharge from the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). To assess the relationship between gestational age and day of life (DOL) on neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) admission and the risk for 30-day unplanned hospital readmission (UHR). METHODS Retrospective study using the study site's Children's Hospitals Neonatal Database (CHND) and electronic health records were used. Population included patients discharged from a NICU between January 2017 and March 2020. Variables encompassing demographics, gestational age, birth weight, medications, maternal data, and surgical procedures were controlled for. A statistical interaction between gestational age and DOL birth weight was tested for statistical significance. RESULTS 2,307 neonates were included, with 7.2% readmitted within 30 days of discharge. Statistical interaction between birth weight and gestational age was statistically significant, indicating that the odds of readmission amongst low-birth-weight premature patients increases with increasing gestational age, while it decreases with increasing gestational age amongst their normal or high birth weight peers. CONCLUSIONS The effect of gestational age on odds of hospital readmission is dependent on birth weight.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Joan Devin
- RCSI School of Pharmacy, Dublin, Ireland
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3
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Shafer GJ, Abdenur JE, Dhar V, Mikhael M. Misdiagnosis of Total Parental Nutrition-Related Riboflavin Deficiency: Three Case Reports of Diagnostic Error. AJP Rep 2023; 13:e11-e16. [PMID: 36923230 PMCID: PMC10010894 DOI: 10.1055/a-2032-9737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Total parental nutrition (TPN) is a critical component of neonatal intensive care. Supply shortages leading to deficiencies in TPN constituents can have devastating consequences for critically ill patients in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU), who may be initially misdiagnosed as potential inborn errors of metabolism. Here, we present three cases of patients with prolonged TPN dependence due to intra-abdominal pathology who presented with signs and symptoms concerning for metabolic disorders and who were ultimately determined to be a result of vitamin deficiencies in the TPN after unnecessary testing and interventions had occurred. These diagnostic errors highlight the need for clinicians to maintain a high index of suspicion for nutritional deficiencies when treating patients in the NICU with potential metabolic disorders during times when TPN constituents are not available, as well as advocating to ensure that adequate supplies are maintained for this vulnerable population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grant J Shafer
- Division of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Orange County, Orange, California.,Division of Neonatology, University of California, Irvine School of Medicine, Irvine, California
| | - Jose E Abdenur
- Division of Metabolic Diseases, Children's Hospital of Orange County, Orange, California
| | - Vijay Dhar
- Division of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Orange County, Orange, California.,Division of Neonatology, University of California, Irvine School of Medicine, Irvine, California
| | - Michel Mikhael
- Division of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Orange County, Orange, California.,Division of Neonatology, University of California, Irvine School of Medicine, Irvine, California
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4
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Yao W, Jensen I, Claussen M, Dandurand K, Buffington B, Fuentes D, Mikhael M. Health Economics of Selective Early Rescue Surfactant Administration and Standard Surfactant Administration for Newborns With Respiratory Distress Syndrome. J Pediatr Pharmacol Ther 2022; 27:695-702. [DOI: 10.5863/1551-6776-27.8.695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE
To quantify the effect of early rescue surfactant administration techniques for preterm infants with respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) from a health care delivery system perspective.
METHODS
A cost-consequence model was developed based on previously published literature to compare the health economic impact of implementing early surfactant administration strategies vs standard surfactant administration via endotracheal intubation and mechanical ventilation (MV).
RESULTS
Early rescue surfactant treatment strategies are associated with a decrease in the number of patients requiring MV, cumulative MV days, and rate of neonatal complications. Total annual surfactant costs are higher than standard surfactant administration, but this is offset by savings in total hospital and complication costs.
CONCLUSIONS
This cost-consequence analysis suggests selective early rescue surfactant administration strategies are associated with a lower health care burden in premature infants with RDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiyu Yao
- PRECISIONheor (WY and IJ), Boston, MA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Michel Mikhael
- Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine Division (MM), Children's Hospital of Orange County, Orange, CA
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5
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES Data on coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infections in neonates are limited. We aimed to identify and describe the incidence, presentation, and clinical outcomes of neonatal COVID-19. METHODS Over 1 million neonatal encounters at 109 United States health systems, from March 2020 to February 2021, were extracted from the Cerner Real World Database. COVID-19 diagnosis was assessed using severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) laboratory tests and diagnosis codes. Incidence of COVID-19 per 100 000 encounters was estimated. RESULTS COVID-19 was diagnosed in 918 (0.1%) neonates (91.1 per 100 000 encounters [95% confidence interval 85.3-97.2]). Of these, 71 (7.7%) had severe infection (7 per 100 000 [95% confidence interval 5.5-8.9]). Median time to diagnosis was 14.5 days from birth (interquartile range 3.1-24.2). Common signs of infection were tachypnea and fever. Those with severe infection were more likely to receive respiratory support (50.7% vs 5.2%, P < .001). Severely ill neonates received analgesia (38%), antibiotics (33.8%), anticoagulants (32.4%), corticosteroids (26.8%), remdesivir (2.8%), and COVID-19 convalescent plasma (1.4%). A total of 93.6% neonates were discharged home after care, 1.1% were transferred to another hospital, and discharge disposition was unknown for 5.2%. One neonate (0.1%) with presentation suggestive of multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children died after 11 days of hospitalization. CONCLUSIONS Most neonates infected with SARS-CoV-2 were asymptomatic or developed mild illness without need for respiratory support. Some had severe illness requiring treatment of COVID-19 with remdesivir and COVID-19 convalescent plasma. SARS-CoV-2 infection in neonates, though rare, may result in severe disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joan Devin
- Children's Health of Orange County, Orange, California.,School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Rachel Marano
- Children's Health of Orange County, Orange, California
| | | | | | - Terence Sanger
- Children's Health of Orange County, Orange, California.,University of California, Irvine, California
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6
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Mares Beltran C, Boyer MA, Denslow A, Jun A, Mikhael M, Abdenur JE. Riboflavin deficiency due to vitamin shortage in neonates with parenteral nutrition dependence. Mol Genet Metab 2022; 137:223-224. [PMID: 36008249 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2022.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C Mares Beltran
- CHOC Children's Hospital, Division of Metabolic Disorders, Orange, CA, United States
| | - M A Boyer
- CHOC Children's Hospital, Division of Metabolic Disorders, Orange, CA, United States
| | - A Denslow
- CHOC Children's Hospital, Division of Neonatology, Orange, CA, United States
| | - A Jun
- CHOC Children's Hospital, Department of Pharmacy, Orange, CA, United States
| | - M Mikhael
- CHOC Children's Hospital, Division of Neonatology, Orange, CA, United States; University of California-Irvine, Department of Pediatrics, Orange, CA, United States
| | - J E Abdenur
- CHOC Children's Hospital, Division of Metabolic Disorders, Orange, CA, United States; University of California-Irvine, Department of Pediatrics, Orange, CA, United States.
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7
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Mikhael M, Cleary JP, Zaniletti I, Truog WE, Ibrahim J, DiGeronimo R, Cuna A, Kielt MJ, Coghill CH, Vyas-Read S, Yallapragada S, Engle WA, Savani RC, Murthy K, Lagatta JM. Chronic lung disease in full-term infants: Characteristics and neonatal intensive care outcomes in infants referred to children's hospitals. Pediatr Pulmonol 2022; 57:2082-2091. [PMID: 35578392 DOI: 10.1002/ppul.25983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe characteristics, outcomes, and risk factors for death or tracheostomy with home mechanical ventilation in full-term infants with chronic lung disease (CLD) admitted to regional neonatal intensive care units. STUDY DESIGN This was a multicenter, retrospective cohort study of infants born ≥37 weeks of gestation in the Children's Hospitals Neonatal Consortium. RESULTS Out of 67,367 full-term infants admitted in 2010-2016, 4886 (7%) had CLD based on receiving respiratory support at either 28 days of life or discharge. 3286 (67%) were still hospitalized at 28 days receiving respiratory support, with higher mortality risk than those without CLD (10% vs. 2%, p < 0.001). A higher proportion received tracheostomy (13% vs. 0.3% vs. 0.4%, p < 0.001) and gastrostomy (30% vs. 1.7% vs. 3.7%, p < 0.001) compared to infants with CLD discharged home before 28 days and infants without CLD, respectively. The diagnoses and surgical procedures differed significantly between the two CLD subgroups. Small for gestational age, congenital pulmonary, airway, and cardiac anomalies and bloodstream infections were more common among infants with CLD who died or required tracheostomy with home ventilation (p < 0.001). Invasive ventilation at 28 days was independently associated with death or tracheostomy and home mechanical ventilation (odds ratio 7.6, 95% confidence interval 5.9-9.6, p < 0.0001). CONCLUSION Full-term infants with CLD are at increased risk for morbidity and mortality. We propose a severity-based classification for CLD in full-term infants. Future work to validate this classification and its association with early childhood outcomes is necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michel Mikhael
- Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine Division, Children's Hospital of Orange County, Orange, California, USA
| | - John P Cleary
- Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine Division, Children's Hospital of Orange County, Orange, California, USA
| | | | - William E Truog
- Children's Mercy Kansas City, University of Missouri, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
| | - John Ibrahim
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Magee-Women's Hospital of UPMC/Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Robert DiGeronimo
- Seattle Children's Hospital, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Alain Cuna
- Children's Mercy Kansas City, University of Missouri, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
| | - Matthew J Kielt
- Division of Neonatology, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Carl H Coghill
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's of Alabama, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Shilpa Vyas-Read
- Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | | | - William A Engle
- Department of Pediatrics, Riley Hospital for Children, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Rashmin C Savani
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Karna Murthy
- Department of Pediatrics, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Joanne M Lagatta
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Wisconsin, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
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8
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Chang B, Keating S, Mikhael M, Lim J. Osteogenesis Imperfecta: Multidisciplinary and Goal-Centered Care. AJP Rep 2022; 12:e144-e147. [PMID: 36187198 PMCID: PMC9522483 DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1757481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
We describe a case of osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) in a late preterm female of 35-week gestation. The mother did have a history of substance abuse, poor prenatal care, and hypertension. On the day of delivery, an ultrasound revealed skeletal dysplasia and breech with nonreassuring fetal tracing, leading to an emergency cesarean. The clinical exam was concerning for OI, and postnatal care was focused on optimizing respiratory status and minimizing pain and discomfort during routine care. Genetics, endocrine, orthopaedics, and palliative care were all involved to diagnose and educate the family. Support and education were needed for bedside staff to minimize angst at performing routine care, given the high risk of fractures. While initially stable on minimal oxygen, once the diagnosis of type III OI was made, a progressively deforming condition with respiratory status decompensation, the family wished to minimize suffering, limited aggressive medical care, and focused on comfort. The infant eventually died from respiratory failure in the neonatal intensive care unit. We present this case to demonstrate the need for an interdisciplinary team approach to support both family and staff in cases of OI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryston Chang
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California Irvine School of Medicine, Irvine, California
| | - Sarah Keating
- Department of Palliative Care, Children's Hospital of Orange County, Orange, California
| | - Michel Mikhael
- Department of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Orange, California
| | - Jina Lim
- Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Orange County, Orange, California
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9
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Chang B, Keating S, Mikhael M, Lim J. Osteogenesis Imperfecta: Multidisciplinary and Goal-Centered Care. AJP Rep 2022; 12:e144-e147. [PMID: 36187200 PMCID: PMC9525185 DOI: 10.1055/a-1911-3755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
We describe a case of osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) in a late preterm female of 35-week gestation. The mother did have a history of substance abuse, poor prenatal care, and hypertension. On the day of delivery, an ultrasound revealed skeletal dysplasia and breech with nonreassuring fetal tracing, leading to an emergency cesarean. The clinical exam was concerning for OI, and postnatal care was focused on optimizing respiratory status and minimizing pain and discomfort during routine care. Genetics, endocrine, orthopaedics, and palliative care were all involved to diagnose and educate the family. Support and education were needed for bedside staff to minimize angst at performing routine care, given the high risk of fractures. While initially stable on minimal oxygen, once the diagnosis of type III OI was made, a progressively deforming condition with respiratory status decompensation, the family wished to minimize suffering, limited aggressive medical care, and focused on comfort. The infant eventually died from respiratory failure in the neonatal intensive care unit. We present this case to demonstrate the need for an interdisciplinary team approach to support both family and staff in cases of OI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryston Chang
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California Irvine School of Medicine, Irvine, California
| | - Sarah Keating
- Department of Palliative Care, Children's Hospital of Orange County, Orange, California
| | - Michel Mikhael
- Department of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Orange, California
| | - Jina Lim
- Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Orange County, Orange, California
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10
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE This work aimed to study perinatal, maternal, and neonatal characteristics of birth tourism (BT) mother-baby dyads and the rate of neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) admissions of BT infants. STUDY DESIGN Retrospective study at a regional perinatal center comparing BT mother-baby dyads to all dyads. BT infants admitted to the NICU were compared with a randomly selected group of infants admitted to the NICU during the same time period. RESULTS A total of 1,755 BT dyads were identified over 4 years. BT mothers were older (32 vs. 28 years, p < 0.0001), more likely to carry multiples (5.5 vs. 1.4%, p < 0.0001), deliver via cesarean section (40 vs. 34%, p < 0.0001), and require postpartum intensive care (0.6 vs. 0.1%, p < 0.0001). BT infants had significantly fewer NICU admissions 96 (5.5%) versus 3,213 (11.3%; p < 0.0001). There were no statistically significant differences in NICU course and outcome between BT and non-BT control infants. CONCLUSION Birth tourism is associated with unique determinants of health. In our study, there were fewer NICU admissions, potentially explained by the healthy migrant effect. KEY POINTS · Birthright citizenship attracts foreigners to give birth in the United States.. · BT is associated with unique social determinants of health.. · Fewer NICU admissions in our study are possibly explained by the healthy migrant effect..
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Affiliation(s)
- Jina Lim
- Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine Division, Children's Hospital of Orange County, Orange, California.,Division of Neonatology, Pomona Valley Hospital Medical Center, Pomona, California
| | - Wang-Dar Sun
- Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine Division, Children's Hospital of Orange County, Orange, California.,Division of Neonatology, Pomona Valley Hospital Medical Center, Pomona, California
| | - Lishi Zhang
- Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Research Design Unit, Institute for Clinical and Translational Science, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California
| | - Michel Mikhael
- Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine Division, Children's Hospital of Orange County, Orange, California.,Division of Neonatology, Pomona Valley Hospital Medical Center, Pomona, California
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11
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Vyas-Read S, Logan JW, Cuna AC, Machry J, Leeman KT, Rose RS, Mikhael M, Wymore E, Ibrahim JW, DiGeronimo RJ, Yallapragada S, Haberman BE, Padula MA, Porta NF, Murthy K, Nelin LD, Coghill CH, Zaniletti I, Savani RC, Truog W, Engle WA, Lagatta JM. A comparison of newer classifications of bronchopulmonary dysplasia: findings from the Children's Hospitals Neonatal Consortium Severe BPD Group. J Perinatol 2022; 42:58-64. [PMID: 34354227 PMCID: PMC8340076 DOI: 10.1038/s41372-021-01178-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare three bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) definitions against hospital outcomes in a referral-based population. STUDY DESIGN Data from the Children's Hospitals Neonatal Consortium were classified by 2018 NICHD, 2019 NRN, and Canadian Neonatal Network (CNN) BPD definitions. Multivariable models evaluated the associations between BPD severity and death, tracheostomy, or length of stay, relative to No BPD references. RESULTS Mortality was highest in 2019 NRN Grade 3 infants (aOR 225), followed by 2018 NICHD Grade 3 (aOR 145). Infants with lower BPD grades rarely died (<1%), but Grade 2 infants had aOR 7-21-fold higher for death and 23-56-fold higher for tracheostomy. CONCLUSIONS Definitions with 3 BPD grades had better discrimination and Grade 3 2019 NRN had the strongest association with outcomes. No/Grade 1 infants rarely had severe outcomes, but Grade 2 infants were at risk. These data may be useful for counseling families and determining therapies for infants with BPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilpa Vyas-Read
- Emory University and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - J. Wells Logan
- grid.261331.40000 0001 2285 7943The Ohio State University and Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH USA
| | - Alain C. Cuna
- grid.266756.60000 0001 2179 926XUniversity of Missouri-Kansas City and Children’s Mercy Hospital, Kansas, MO USA
| | - Joana Machry
- grid.21107.350000 0001 2171 9311Johns Hopkins University and Johns Hopkins All Children’s Hospital, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Kristin T. Leeman
- grid.2515.30000 0004 0378 8438Harvard University and Boston Children’s Hospital, Cambridge, MA USA
| | - Rebecca S. Rose
- grid.257410.50000 0004 0413 3089Indiana University and Riley Children’s Hospital, Bloomington, IN USA
| | - Michel Mikhael
- grid.19006.3e0000 0000 9632 6718University of California, Irvine and Children’s Hospital of Orange County, Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - Erica Wymore
- grid.266190.a0000000096214564University of Colorado and Children’s Hospital Colorado, Boulder, CO USA
| | - John W. Ibrahim
- grid.239553.b0000 0000 9753 0008University of Pittsburgh and Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA USA
| | - Robert J. DiGeronimo
- grid.34477.330000000122986657University of Washington, Seattle and Seattle Children’s Hospital, Seattle, WA USA
| | - Sushmita Yallapragada
- University of Texas, Southwestern and Children’s Medical Center of Dallas, Dallas, TX USA
| | - Beth E. Haberman
- grid.24827.3b0000 0001 2179 9593University of Cincinnati and Cincinnati Children’s Hospital, Cincinnati, OH USA
| | - Michael A. Padula
- grid.239552.a0000 0001 0680 8770University of Pennsylvania and Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA USA
| | - Nicolas F. Porta
- grid.413808.60000 0004 0388 2248Northwestern University and Ann & Robert H Lurie Children’s Hospital, Evanston, IL USA
| | - Karna Murthy
- grid.413808.60000 0004 0388 2248Northwestern University and Ann & Robert H Lurie Children’s Hospital, Evanston, IL USA
| | - Leif D. Nelin
- grid.261331.40000 0001 2285 7943The Ohio State University and Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH USA
| | - Carl H. Coghill
- grid.265892.20000000106344187University of Alabama, Birmingham and Children’s of Alabama, Birmingham, AL USA
| | | | - Rashmin C. Savani
- University of Texas, Southwestern and Children’s Medical Center of Dallas, Dallas, TX USA
| | - William Truog
- grid.266756.60000 0001 2179 926XUniversity of Missouri-Kansas City and Children’s Mercy Hospital, Kansas, MO USA
| | - William A. Engle
- grid.257410.50000 0004 0413 3089Indiana University and Riley Children’s Hospital, Bloomington, IN USA
| | - Joanne M. Lagatta
- grid.30760.320000 0001 2111 8460Medical College of Wisconsin and Children’s Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI USA
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12
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Cuna A, Lagatta JM, Savani RC, Vyas-Read S, Engle WA, Rose RS, DiGeronimo R, Logan JW, Mikhael M, Natarajan G, Truog WE, Kielt M, Murthy K, Zaniletti I, Lewis TR. Association of time of first corticosteroid treatment with bronchopulmonary dysplasia in preterm infants. Pediatr Pulmonol 2021; 56:3283-3292. [PMID: 34379886 PMCID: PMC8453128 DOI: 10.1002/ppul.25610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the association between the time of first systemic corticosteroid initiation and bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) in preterm infants. STUDY DESIGN A multi-center retrospective cohort study from January 2010 to December 2016 using the Children's Hospitals Neonatal Database and Pediatric Health Information System database was conducted. The study population included preterm infants <32 weeks' gestation treated with systemic corticosteroids after 7 days of age and before 34 weeks' postmenstrual age. Stepwise multivariable logistic regression was used to assess the association between timing of corticosteroid initiation and the development of Grade 2 or 3 BPD as defined by the 2019 Neonatal Research Network criteria. RESULTS We identified 598 corticosteroid-treated infants (median gestational age 25 weeks, median birth weight 760 g). Of these, 47% (280 of 598) were first treated at 8-21 days, 25% (148 of 598) were first treated at 22-35 days, 14% (86 of 598) were first treated at 36-49 days, and 14% (84 of 598) were first treated at >50 days. Infants first treated at 36-49 days (aOR 2.0, 95% CI 1.1-3.7) and >50 days (aOR 1.9, 95% CI 1.04-3.3) had higher independent odds of developing Grade 2 or 3 BPD when compared to infants treated at 8-21 days after adjusting for birth characteristics, admission characteristics, center, and co-morbidities. CONCLUSIONS Among preterm infants treated with systemic corticosteroids in routine clinical practice, later initiation of treatment was associated with a higher likelihood to develop Grade 2 or 3 BPD when compared to earlier treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alain Cuna
- Children's Mercy Kansas City, University of Missouri, Kansas, Missouri, USA
| | - Joanne M Lagatta
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Wisconsin, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Rashmin C Savani
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Shilpa Vyas-Read
- Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - William A Engle
- Department of Pediatrics, Riley Hospital for Children, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Rebecca S Rose
- Department of Pediatrics, Riley Hospital for Children, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Robert DiGeronimo
- Seattle Children's Hospital, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - J Wells Logan
- Division of Neonatology, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Michel Mikhael
- Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine Division, Children's Hospital of Orange County, Orange, California, USA
| | - Girija Natarajan
- Department of Pediatrics, Wayne State University, Detroit, Missouri, USA
| | - William E Truog
- Children's Mercy Kansas City, University of Missouri, Kansas, Missouri, USA
| | - Matthew Kielt
- Division of Neonatology, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Karna Murthy
- Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | | | - Tamorah R Lewis
- Children's Mercy Kansas City, University of Missouri, Kansas, Missouri, USA
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Pham B, Denslow A, Mikhael M, Lim J. A Case of an Extremely Low Birth Weight Infant with Morganella morganii Bacteremia and Peritonitis. AJP Rep 2021; 11:e113-e118. [PMID: 34422454 PMCID: PMC8376401 DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1732407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
We describe a case of late onset Morganella morganii sepsis in an extremely low birth weight male neonate born at 23 and 4/7 weeks gestational age to a 30-year-old primigravid mother due to preterm labor. The mother was otherwise healthy with an unremarkable prenatal course. She received steroids and ampicillin prior to delivery. While initial blood cultures were negative, at day of life 4, the neonate developed signs of sepsis with leukocytosis and bandemia, and subsequent blood culture demonstrated growth of M. morganii . The patient then had spontaneous intestinal perforation on day of life 8 with peritoneal cultures growing M. morganii . The infant responded to standard therapy and survived to discharge, with few mild developmental delays upon outpatient follow-up. While M. morganii has been demonstrated in the neonatal population, it generally causes early onset sepsis and is associated with high mortality in preterm neonates. Here, we present this case of late onset neonatal sepsis with M. morganii complicated by spontaneous intestinal perforation, with survival in a 23 weeks gestation infant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Betty Pham
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California
| | - Anne Denslow
- Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine Division, Children's Hospital of Orange County, Orange, California
| | - Michel Mikhael
- Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine Division, Children's Hospital of Orange County, Orange, California
| | - Jina Lim
- Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine Division, Children's Hospital of Orange County, Orange, California
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Kurihara C, Zhang L, Mikhael M. Newer bronchopulmonary dysplasia definitions and prediction of health economics impacts in very preterm infants. Pediatr Pulmonol 2021; 56:409-417. [PMID: 33200543 PMCID: PMC7902371 DOI: 10.1002/ppul.25172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 11/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare the abilities of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) definitions to predict hospital charges as a surrogate of disease complexity. METHODS Retrospective study of infants admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) less than 32 weeks gestational age. Subjects were classified according to the Canadian Neonatal Network (CNN), the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) (2018), and Jensen BPD definitions as none, mild (1), moderate (2), or severe (3) BPD. Spearman's correlation was performed to evaluate the association of BPD definitions with health economics outcomes. RESULTS One hundred and sixty-eight infants were included with mean birth weight of 1197 g and mean gestational age of 28.4 weeks. More infants were classified as no BPD according to CNN definition (79%) in comparison to NICHD 2018 (64.3%) and Jensen (59.5%) definitions. There were fewer infants as the grade of severity increased for all definitions, this was most linear for Jensen definition with Grade 1 present in 25%, Grade 2 in 12.5%, and Grade 3 in 3%. A stronger correlation with NICU length of stay, NICU hospital charges, NICU charges per day, and first year of life hospital charges was detected for Jensen definition (correlation coefficient of 0.58, 0.66, 0.64, 0.67, respectively) in comparison to CNN and NICHD 2018 definitions (p < .0001). CONCLUSION Jensen BPD definition had the strongest correlation with first year health economics outcomes in our study. Validating recent BPD definitions using population-based data is imperative to improve family counseling and enhance the designs of quality improvement initiatives and therapeutic research studies targeting patient-centric outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chie Kurihara
- Neonatology Division, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California, USA.,Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine Division, CHOC Children's, Orange, California, USA
| | - Lishi Zhang
- Institute for Clinical and Translational Science, University of California, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Michel Mikhael
- Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine Division, CHOC Children's, Orange, California, USA
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Curran M, Mikhael M, Sun WD, Lim J, Leung A, Morchi G, Chmait RH. Perinatal Management of Bart's Hemoglobinopathy: Paradoxical Effects of Intrauterine, Transplacental, and Partial Exchange Transfusions. AJP Rep 2020; 10:e11-e14. [PMID: 31993246 PMCID: PMC6984954 DOI: 10.1055/s-0039-3401799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
We describe a fetus at 24 3/7 weeks' gestation that showed ultrasound evidence of anemia, hydrops, and severe growth restriction. Both parents were known to be cis heterozygous carriers for SEA α-thalassemia deletion (αα/-). Cordocentesis confirmed fetal anemia and homozygous α-thalassemia (-/-) in the fetus. Fetal intrauterine transfusions corrected the anemia, treated the hydrops, and improved fetal growth. The postnatal course was complicated by hypoxic respiratory failure and persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn, which resolved only after partial volume exchange transfusion. This case report is presented to point out the potential unintended outcomes with transplacental transfusion via delayed cord clamping and cord milking at delivery in the setting of congenital Bart's hemoglobinopathy, and demonstrates that partial exchange transfusion of the newborn may optimize oxygen delivery due to the more favorable oxygen affinity of transfused adult hemoglobin compared with the Bart's hemoglobin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Curran
- Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Pomona Valley Hospital Medical Center, Pomona, California
| | - Michel Mikhael
- Division of Neonatology, Pomona Valley Hospital Medical Center, Pomona, California.,Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine Division, Children's Hospital of Orange County, Orange, California
| | - Wang-Dar Sun
- Division of Neonatology, Pomona Valley Hospital Medical Center, Pomona, California.,Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine Division, Children's Hospital of Orange County, Orange, California
| | - Jina Lim
- Division of Neonatology, Pomona Valley Hospital Medical Center, Pomona, California.,Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine Division, Children's Hospital of Orange County, Orange, California
| | - Anna Leung
- Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Pomona Valley Hospital Medical Center, Pomona, California
| | - Gira Morchi
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Children's Hospital of Orange County, Orange, California
| | - Ramen H Chmait
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
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Chu E, Freck S, Zhang L, Bhakta KY, Mikhael M. Three-hourly feeding intervals are associated with faster advancement in very preterm infants. Early Hum Dev 2019; 131:1-5. [PMID: 30721843 PMCID: PMC6435383 DOI: 10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2019.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Revised: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare the effect of two-hourly (Q2H) vs. three-hourly (Q3H) feeding on time to achieve full enteral feeding, growth metrics and respiratory tolerance in very preterm infants with birth weight ≤ 1250 g. STUDY DESIGN Retrospective study review of 18 months before and after a change in our feeding guideline from Q3H to Q2H feedings. RESULTS 113 infants were included, 59 in Q3H and 54 in Q2H groups. Q2H infants required 10% more days to achieve full enteral feeding, however it was not statistically significant (P = 0.054). Q2H feeding was associated with 16% more central catheter days (P = 0.02) and 17% more parenteral nutrition days (P = 0.019). There were no differences in respiratory outcomes or growth metrics between the groups. CONCLUSION Very preterm infants fed Q3H had less central catheter and parenteral nutrition days when compared to those fed Q2H, without significant differences in growth or respiratory outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaine Chu
- Neonatology Division, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA; Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine Division, CHOC Children's, Orange, CA, USA
| | - Sue Freck
- Clinical Nutrition and Lactation Services, Children's Hospital of Orange County, Orange, CA, USA
| | - Lishi Zhang
- Institute for Clinical and Translational Science, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Kushal Y Bhakta
- Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine Division, CHOC Children's, Orange, CA, USA
| | - Michel Mikhael
- Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine Division, CHOC Children's, Orange, CA, USA.
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Mikhael M, Bronson C, Zhang L, Curran M, Rodriguez H, Bhakta KY. Lack of Evidence for Time or Dose Relationship between Antenatal Magnesium Sulfate and Intestinal Injury in Extremely Preterm Neonates. Neonatology 2019; 115:371-378. [PMID: 30965340 PMCID: PMC6554036 DOI: 10.1159/000497412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 02/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent studies reported conflicting results on the relationship between antenatal magnesium sulfate (MgSO4) exposure and neonatal intestinal injury. Most studies have not assessed MgSO4 exposure quantitatively and none reported the exposure timing. OBJECTIVES The aim of this work was to assess whether there is a temporal or dose-dependent relationship between antenatal MgSO4 exposure and intestinal injury in extremely preterm neonates. METHODS A retrospective study was made of inborn neonates with gestational age ≤28 weeks and/or birth weights ≤1,000 g. Primary outcomes included necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), spontaneous intestinal perforation (SIP), and/or death prior to discharge or in the first 2 weeks of life. Outcome comparisons were made based on the timing of MgSO4 exposure, within 7 days (Mg7D) or within 3 days (Mg3D) of birth. Total cumulative doses for the Mg3D group were also computed. RESULTS A total of 302 neonates were included, 210 in the Mg7D group, out of whom 179 (85.2%) constituted the Mg3D group. There were no differences noted when comparing MgSO4 exposure timing and the likelihood of NEC, SIP, and/or death. This remained the same for subgroup analysis of neonates < 26 weeks' gestation. Each 10-g increase in MgSO4 cumulative dose correlated with a decrease in SIP/NEC/death by 18.9% prior to discharge and by 21.9% in the first 2 weeks of life. Small for gestational age (SGA) was a potential effect modifier by a likelihood ratio test with p = 0.07. CONCLUSIONS Antenatal MgSO4 exposure in extremely preterm neonates was not associated with an increased risk of intestinal injury or death, and might have reduced these complications in a dose-dependent manner in our study. This protective effect was more noticeable in SGA neonates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michel Mikhael
- Division of Neonatology, Pomona Valley Hospital Medical Center, Pomona, California, USA, .,Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine Division, Children's Hospital of Orange County, Orange, California, USA,
| | - Cheryl Bronson
- Division of Neonatology, Pomona Valley Hospital Medical Center, Pomona, California, USA
| | - Lishi Zhang
- Institute for Clinical and Translational Science, University of California, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Mark Curran
- Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Pomona Valley Hospital Medical Center, Pomona, California, USA
| | - Helen Rodriguez
- Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Pomona Valley Hospital Medical Center, Pomona, California, USA
| | - Kushal Y Bhakta
- Division of Neonatology, Pomona Valley Hospital Medical Center, Pomona, California, USA.,Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine Division, Children's Hospital of Orange County, Orange, California, USA
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Abstract
Objective The aim of this article is to examine characteristics of birth tourism (BT) neonates admitted to a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). Methods This was a retrospective review over 3 years; BT cases were identified, and relevant perinatal, medical, social, and financial data were collected and compared with 100 randomly selected non-birth tourism neonates. Results A total of 46 BT neonates were identified. They were more likely to be born to older women (34 vs. 29 years; p < 0.001), via cesarean delivery (72 vs. 48%; p = 0.007), and at a referral facility (80 vs. 32%; p < 0.001). BT group had longer hospital stay (15 vs. 7 days; p = 0.02), more surgical intervention (50 vs. 21%; p < 0.001), and higher hospital charges (median $287,501 vs. $103,105; p = 0.003). One-third of BT neonates were enrolled in public health insurance program and four BT neonates (10%) were placed for adoption. Conclusion Families of BT neonates admitted to the NICU face significant challenges. Larger studies are needed to better define impacts on families, health care system, and society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michel Mikhael
- Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine Division, Children’s Hospital of Orange County, Orange, California
| | - John P. Cleary
- Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine Division, Children’s Hospital of Orange County, Orange, California
| | - Vijay Dhar
- Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine Division, Children’s Hospital of Orange County, Orange, California
| | - Yanjun Chen
- Institute for Clinical and Translational Science, University of California, Irvine, California
| | - Danh V. Nguyen
- Institute for Clinical and Translational Science, University of California, Irvine, California,Department of Medicine, University of California Irvine School of Medicine, Orange, California
| | - Anthony C. Chang
- Cardiology Division, Children’s Hospital of Orange County, Orange, California
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Mikhael M, Brown LS, Rosenfeld CR. Serial neutrophil values facilitate predicting the absence of neonatal early-onset sepsis. J Pediatr 2014; 164:522-8.e1-3. [PMID: 24331688 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2013.10.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2013] [Revised: 10/09/2013] [Accepted: 10/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To validate established neonatal neutrophil reference ranges (RRs) and determine the utility of serial measurements of neutrophil values in the first 24 hours to predict the absence of neonatal early-onset sepsis (EOS). STUDY DESIGN Retrospective study of 2073 admissions to the neonatal intensive care unit (2009-2011). Neonates were classified as blood culture-positive, proven EOS (n = 9), blood culture-negative but clinically suspect EOS (n = 292), and not infected (n = 1292). Neutrophil values from 745 not-infected neonates without perinatal complications were selected to validate RR distributions. Positive and negative predictive values were calculated; area under receiver operating characteristic curves (AUCs) were constructed to predict the presence or absence of EOS. Neutrophil value scores were established to determine whether serial neutrophil values predict the absence of EOS. RESULTS Seventy-seven percent of admissions to the neonatal intensive care unit were evaluated for EOS: 9 (0.56%) had proven EOS with positive blood culture ≤ 37 hours; 18% had clinically suspect EOS. Neutropenia occurred in preterm neonates, and nonspecific neutrophilia was common in uninfected neonates. The distribution of neutrophil values differed significantly between study groups. The specificity for absolute total immature neutrophils and immature to total neutrophil proportions was 91% and 94%, respectively, with negative predictive value of 99% for proven and 78% for proven plus suspect EOS. Absolute total immature neutrophils and immature to total neutrophil proportions had the best predictability for EOS >6 hours postnatal with an AUC ∼ 0.8. Neutrophil value scores predicted the absence of EOS with AUC of 0.9 and 0.81 for proven and proven plus suspect EOS, respectively. CONCLUSION Age-dependent neutrophil RRs remain valid. Serial neutrophil values at 0, 12, and 24 hours plus blood culture and clinical evaluation can be used to discontinue antimicrobial therapy at 36-48 hours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michel Mikhael
- Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical School, Dallas, TX
| | - L Steven Brown
- Department of Health Systems Research, Parkland Health & Hospital System, Dallas, TX
| | - Charles R Rosenfeld
- Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical School, Dallas, TX.
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20
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Rastogi S, Mikhael M, Filipov P, Rastogi D. Effects of ventilation on hearing loss in preterm neonates: Nasal continuous positive pressure does not increase the risk of hearing loss in ventilated neonates. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2013; 77:402-6. [PMID: 23273640 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2012.11.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2012] [Revised: 11/28/2012] [Accepted: 11/29/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION There is increased risk of hearing loss in preterm neonates. This risk is further increased by environmental noise exposure especially from life support equipment such as ventilation. Nasal continuous positive airway pressure (NCPAP) used for respiratory support of preterm neonates is known to be associated with prolonged exposure to high levels of noise. However, there is paucity of information on the effect of NCPAP as compared to mechanical ventilation on hearing loss among preterm neonates. METHODS A retrospective chart review was performed on neonates with birth weight (BW) <1500g. Association of clinical factors including the use of NCPAP and mechanical ventilation with failure of hearing screen were studied. Those who failed hearing screen were followed for 2 years to observe long term effects of NCPAP on the hearing loss. RESULTS Of 344 neonates included in the study, 61 failed hearing screen. Gestational age (p=0.008), BW (p=0.03), ventilation (p=0.02), intrauterine growth retardation (p=0.02), necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) (p=0.02), apnea (p<0.001), use of vancomycin (p=0.01) and furosemide (p=0.01) were associated with failure of hearing screen. On multivariate analysis, ventilation (OR 4.56, p=0.02), apnea (OR 2.2, p<0.001) and NEC (OR 2.4, p=0.02) were predictors of failed hearing screen. As compared to those not ventilated, the odds of failing hearing screen was 4.53 (p<0.01) and 4.59 (p<0.01) for those treated with NCPAP and mechanical ventilation respectively, with there being no difference between these two ventilatory modalities. Of the 61 neonates, 42 were followed for 2 years, of which 19 had confirmed hearing loss. Among these 19 neonates, there was no difference (p=0.12) between those who were treated with NCPAP or with mechanical ventilation. CONCLUSION There is no increase in the hearing loss in preterm neonates treated with NCPAP as compared to mechanical ventilation despite being exposed to higher environmental noise generated by the NCPAP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shantanu Rastogi
- Division of Neonatology, Maimonides Infants and Children Hospital, Maimonides Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY 11219, USA.
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Abstract
The conventional neuroradiological evaluation of aneurysms and arteriovenous malformations employs computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and detailed cerebral angiography. These techniques may be inadequate to define fully the cerebrovascular anatomy in patients with giant aneurysms or with arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) located near so-called eloquent brain structures. Therefore, we examined the usefulness of three-dimensional (3-D) MRI and CT images of the brain and cerebral vessels for predicting operative anatomical findings in selected cases of complex cerebrovascular pathology. In six of nine (67%) patients with giant aneurysms undergoing direct surgical treatment, the 3-D images were confirmed to be accurate, and they furnished information that is not available by conventional imaging. In three of these nine (33%) patients, failure of the 3-D images to predict operative findings accurately could be directly related to inappropriate imaging technique or to anatomical findings below the limit of resolution for CT or MRI. In 13 of 19 (68%) patients with an AVM, the 3-D images were considered helpful for treatment selection or planning, primarily because they enhanced the understanding of the relationship of the AVM nidus to brain structures of known functional significance. The results of our initial experience with 3-D imaging of cerebrovascular pathology are described in this report.
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Affiliation(s)
- D S Heffez
- Division of Neurosurgery, Chicago Institute of Neurosurgery and Neuroresearch, Illinois 60614, USA
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22
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Abstract
Kirschner wires commonly are used to provide interosseous fixation. Although they usually retain their intended position, migration of these sharply pointed metal pins has been reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- A D Sanders
- Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Evanston Hospital, Chicago
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Ammirati M, Vick N, Liao YL, Ciric I, Mikhael M. Effect of the extent of surgical resection on survival and quality of life in patients with supratentorial glioblastomas and anaplastic astrocytomas. Neurosurgery 1987; 21:201-6. [PMID: 2821446 DOI: 10.1227/00006123-198708000-00012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 299] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Thirty-one patients operated upon for supratentorial glioblastomas or anaplastic astrocytomas were studied to evaluate the effect of the extent of surgical resection on the length and quality of survival. The median age was 50 years and the median preoperative Karnofsky rate was 80. Twenty-one patients (68%) had glioblastoma multiforme, and 10 patients (32%) had anaplastic astrocytoma. Early postoperative enhanced computed tomography was used to determine the extent of tumor resection. Gross total tumor resection was accomplished in 19 patients (61%), and subtotal resection was performed in 12 patients (39%). The two groups were comparable regarding age, sex, pathological condition, preoperative Karnofsky rating, tumor location, postoperative radiation therapy, and postoperative chemotherapy (P greater than 0.05). The gross total resection group lived longer than the subtotal resection group by life table analysis (P less than 0.001; median survival of 90 and 43 weeks, respectively). Postoperatively, the mean functional ability measured by the Karnofsky rating was significantly increased in the gross total resection group (P = 0.006), but not in the subtotal resection group (P greater than 0.05). The difference in degree of change between preoperative and postoperative Karnofsky rating in the two groups was statistically significant (P = 0.002). The gross total resection group spent significantly more time after the operation in an independent status (Karnofsky rating greater than or equal to 80) compared to the subtotal resection group (P = 0.007; median time of 185 and 12.5 weeks, respectively). Gross total resection of supratentorial glioblastomas and anaplastic astrocytomas is feasible and is directly associated with longer and better survival when compared to subtotal resection.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ammirati
- Division of Neurosurgery, Evanston Hospital, Illinois
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Ciric I, Ammirati M, Vick N, Mikhael M. Supratentorial gliomas: surgical considerations and immediate postoperative results. Gross total resection versus partial resection. Neurosurgery 1987; 21:21-6. [PMID: 3039398 DOI: 10.1227/00006123-198707000-00005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Forty-two patients with supratentorial gliomas not involving the basal ganglia (extraganglionic) were studied pre- and postoperatively with computed tomographic (CT) scans to evaluate the effect of the extent of surgical resection on the immediate postoperative results. Thirty-three patients (79%) had malignant astrocytic gliomas (glioblastoma or anaplastic astrocytoma), 4 patients (10%) had well-differentiated astrocytomas, and 5 (12%) had oligodendrogliomas. The median age was 58 years, and the median Karnofsky rating was 70. There was no operative mortality. Six patients (14%) had surgical complications. A gross total resection was defined as the absence of any abnormal enhancement on the postoperative CT scan. A nearly gross total resection had been accomplished when less than 10% of the preoperatively enhancing mass was still seen. A partial resection was indicated by the presence of more than 10% of the enhancing lesion on the postoperative CT scan. A gross total or nearly gross total resection was accomplished in 36 patients (86%), and an improved or stable postoperative neurological status was present in 35 of these patients (97%). In contrast, the rate of neurological morbidity after a partial resection was 40%. Supratentorial extraganglionic gliomas, regardless of their histological type, generally were well-circumscribed lesions except at the level of the ventricular wall, where glioblastomas and anaplastic astrocytomas blended with the subependymal white matter from which they seemed to arise.
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Mikhael M, Hammond JE. Nitrous oxide and termination of pregnancy. Anaesthesia 1983; 38:1103-4. [PMID: 6638461 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2044.1983.tb12500.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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27
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Ciric I, Mikhael M, Stafford T, Lawson L, Garces R. Transsphenoidal microsurgery of pituitary macroadenomas with long-term follow-up results. J Neurosurg 1983; 59:395-401. [PMID: 6886753 DOI: 10.3171/jns.1983.59.3.0395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 211] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The authors have reported on 108 patients with pituitary macroadenomas (measuring 2 cm in at least one diameter) who underwent 117 transsphenoidal operations and five craniotomies, and were followed for periods ranging from 6 months to 14 years. Vision improved in 90% of the patients. Gross total tumor removal with no evidence of residual tumor tissue demonstrable on the postoperative computerized tomography scan was accomplished in 41% of cases. However, gross total tumor removal is not synonymous with complete tumor removal. Endocrine cure was possible in 25% of prolactin-secreting and 20% of growth hormone-secreting adenomas. The incidence of recurrence was 12%, with the majority occurring from 4 to 8 years postoperatively. Both the tumors with suprasellar extension of more than 2 cm and the hard fibrotic tumors had a higher recurrence rate. Postoperative administration of radiation therapy has been associated with a significantly lower recurrence rate than when this therapy was withheld. Transsphenoidal surgery of pituitary macroadenomas confined to the extra-arachnoid space is associated with a relatively small number of complications. The operative technique used in this series is described.
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Co BT, Goodwin DW, Gado M, Mikhael M, Hill SY. Absence of cerebral atrophy in chronic cannabis users. Evaluation by computerized transaxial tomography. JAMA 1977; 237:1229-30. [PMID: 576460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Computerized transaxial tomography (CTT) studies of 12 young men having histories of heavy cannabis smoking revealed no evidence of cerebral atrophy.
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Alderson PO, Mikhael M, Coleman RE, Gado M. Optimal utilization of computerized cranial tomography and radionuclide brain imaging. Neurology 1976; 26:803-7. [PMID: 986022 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.26.9.803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The results of computerized cranial tomography and radionuclide brain imaging in 490 patients were compared in relationship to the patients' clinical presentation. In 195 patients with focal neurologic abnormalities, both tests detected most lesions, but computerized cranial tomography was slightly more accurate overall. Results of both studies were normal in 69 percent of 295 patients with nonfocal neurologic presentations, and radionuclide imaging failed to detect lesions in only five patients with nonfocal presentations. These results suggest that radionuclide imaging can be used to accurately screen most patients with nonfocal neurologic presentations. An exception is the patient presenting with dementia, in whom computerized cranial tomography provides details of the anatomy of the ventricular cavities and cerebral cortex. This study demonstrates a continuing role of importance for radionuclide imaging in the evaluation of patients with neurologic disease and provides data to allow a rational approach to the optimum use of both techniques.
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Alderson PO, Gilday DL, Mikhael M, Wilkie AL. Value of routine cerebral radionuclide angiography in pediatric brain imaging. J Nucl Med 1976; 17:780-5. [PMID: 956891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In addition to static brain images, cerebral radionuclide angiograms (CRAGs) were performed in 1,051 children to determine the value of routine radionuclide angiography. The CRAG resulted in a statistically significant increase in detection of abnormalities (p less than 0.01), as it provided the only evidence of confirmed abnormalities in 60 children (5.7%). The CRAG helped detect subdural fluid collections, cerebrovascular disease, and cerebral cysts, but it was of little value in detecting hydrocephalus. For maximum diagnostic yield, a CRAG should be performed with all pediatric brain-imaging studies.
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