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Ahimaz P, Bergner AL, Florido ME, Harkavy N, Bhattacharyya S. Genetic counselors' utilization of ChatGPT in professional practice: A cross-sectional study. Am J Med Genet A 2024; 194:e63493. [PMID: 38066714 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.63493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE The precision medicine era has seen increased utilization of artificial intelligence (AI) in the field of genetics. We sought to explore the ways that genetic counselors (GCs) currently use the publicly accessible AI tool Chat Generative Pre-trained Transformer (ChatGPT) in their work. METHODS GCs in North America were surveyed about how ChatGPT is used in different aspects of their work. Descriptive statistics were reported through frequencies and means. RESULTS Of 118 GCs who completed the survey, 33.8% (40) reported using ChatGPT in their work; 47.5% (19) use it in clinical practice, 35% (14) use it in education, and 32.5% (13) use it in research. Most GCs (62.7%; 74) felt that it saves time on administrative tasks but the majority (82.2%; 97) felt that a paramount challenge was the risk of obtaining incorrect information. The majority of GCs not using ChatGPT (58.9%; 46) felt it was not necessary for their work. CONCLUSION A considerable number of GCs in the field are using ChatGPT in different ways, but it is primarily helpful with tasks that involve writing. It has potential to streamline workflow issues encountered in clinical genetics, but practitioners need to be informed and uniformly trained about its limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Ahimaz
- Genetic Counseling Graduate Program, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Amanda L Bergner
- Genetic Counseling Graduate Program, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Genetics and Development, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Neurology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Michelle E Florido
- Genetic Counseling Graduate Program, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Genetics and Development, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Nina Harkavy
- Genetic Counseling Graduate Program, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Sriya Bhattacharyya
- Genetic Counseling Graduate Program, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
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Florido ME, Giordano JL. Processing the process: Reflections on genetic counselor-led student supervision groups and practical tips for future facilitators. J Genet Couns 2024; 33:111-117. [PMID: 38375942 DOI: 10.1002/jgc4.1852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
Genetic counseling graduate students face growth and challenges across a variety of axes both personally and professionally throughout their training. The formation of leader-led supervision groups for second-year genetic counseling students has created a safe space for students to give and receive feedback, process their positionality in complex clinical scenarios and the medical system at large, dissect psychosocial counseling theory, and share personal and professional experiences with the overall aim of supporting their growth. This work requires faculty facilitators who are invested in student growth and operate from a framework of empathy, humanism, curiosity, and vulnerability. The authors share their reflections on stepping into the facilitator role with no prior experience other than their work in clinical genetic counseling in varied practice settings. Common themes across four cohorts of students are presented along with reflections on facilitator growth, consideration of student developmental stages, and the parallel process between providing clinical services to clients and educating students. The authors hope to highlight the value of processing cases, inspire other genetic counselors to engage in this work, and normalize the experiences of those already running genetic counseling student process groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle E Florido
- Genetic Counseling Graduate Program, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Genetics and Development, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Jessica L Giordano
- Genetic Counseling Graduate Program, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
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Casillan A, Florido ME, Galarza-Cornejo J, Bakken S, Lynch JA, Chung WK, Mittendorf KF, Berner ES, Connolly JJ, Weng C, Holm IA, Khan A, Kiryluk K, Limdi NA, Petukhova L, Sabatello M, Wynn J. Participant-guided development of bilingual genomic educational infographics for Electronic Medical Records and Genomics Phase IV study. J Am Med Inform Assoc 2024; 31:306-316. [PMID: 37860921 PMCID: PMC10797276 DOI: 10.1093/jamia/ocad207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Developing targeted, culturally competent educational materials is critical for participant understanding of engagement in a large genomic study that uses computational pipelines to produce genome-informed risk assessments. MATERIALS AND METHODS Guided by the Smerecnik framework that theorizes understanding of multifactorial genetic disease through 3 knowledge types, we developed English and Spanish infographics for individuals enrolled in the Electronic Medical Records and Genomics Network. Infographics were developed to explain concepts in lay language and visualizations. We conducted iterative sessions using a modified "think-aloud" process with 10 participants (6 English, 4 Spanish-speaking) to explore comprehension of and attitudes towards the infographics. RESULTS We found that all but one participant had "awareness knowledge" of genetic disease risk factors upon viewing the infographics. Many participants had difficulty with "how-to" knowledge of applying genetic risk factors to specific monogenic and polygenic risks. Participant attitudes towards the iteratively-refined infographics indicated that design saturation was reached. DISCUSSION There were several elements that contributed to the participants' comprehension (or misunderstanding) of the infographics. Visualization and iconography techniques best resonated with those who could draw on prior experiences or knowledge and were absent in those without. Limited graphicacy interfered with the understanding of absolute and relative risks when presented in graph format. Notably, narrative and storytelling theory that informed the creation of a vignette infographic was most accessible to all participants. CONCLUSION Engagement with the intended audience who can identify strengths and points for improvement of the intervention is necessary to the development of effective infographics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aimiel Casillan
- Genetic Counseling Graduate Program, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, United States
| | - Michelle E Florido
- Genetic Counseling Graduate Program, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, United States
- Department of Genetics and Development, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, United States
| | - Jamie Galarza-Cornejo
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, United States
| | - Suzanne Bakken
- Department of Nursing Scholarship and Research, School of Nursing, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, United States
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, United States
| | - John A Lynch
- Department of Communication, School of Communication, Film, and Media Studies, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, United States
| | - Wendy K Chung
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, United States
| | - Kathleen F Mittendorf
- Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, United States
| | - Eta S Berner
- Department of Health Services Administration, School of Health Professions, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, United States
| | - John J Connolly
- Center for Applied Genomics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States
| | - Chunhua Weng
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, United States
| | - Ingrid A Holm
- Division of Genetics and Genomics and Manton Center for Orphan Diseases Research, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Atlas Khan
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, United States
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Vagelos College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, United States
| | - Krzysztof Kiryluk
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Vagelos College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, United States
| | - Nita A Limdi
- Department of Neurology, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, United States
| | - Lynn Petukhova
- Department of Epidemiology, Columbia Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY 10032, United States
- Department of Dermatology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, United States
| | - Maya Sabatello
- Department of Medicine, Center for Precision Medicine and Genomics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, United States
- Department of Medical Humanities and Ethics, Division of Ethics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, United States
| | - Julia Wynn
- Genetic Counseling Graduate Program, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, United States
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Cheung C, Berger SM, Ross M, Kramer T, Li Y, Andrews C, Dergham KR, Spitz E, Florido ME, Ahimaz P. Assessing management practices for variants of uncertain significance among genetic counselors in pediatrics. J Genet Couns 2024. [PMID: 38217320 DOI: 10.1002/jgc4.1860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
Increased utilization of genomic sequencing in pediatric medicine has increased the detection of variants of uncertain significance (VUS). Periodic VUS reinterpretation can clarify clinical significance and increase diagnostic yield, highlighting the importance of systematic VUS tracking and reinterpretation. There are currently no standardized guidelines or established best practices for VUS management, and our understanding of how genetic counselors (GCs) track and manage VUS results for pediatric patients is limited. In this exploratory study, GCs in pediatric clinics in North America were surveyed about their VUS management practices. A total of 124 responses were included in the analysis. The majority (n = 115, 92.7%) of GCs reported that VUS management workflows were at the discretion of each individual provider in their workplace. Approximately half (n = 65, 52%) kept track of patient VUS results over time, and GCs with lower patient volumes were more likely to do so (p = 0.04). While 95% (n = 114) of GCs had requested VUS reinterpretation at least once, only 5% (n = 6) requested it routinely. Most (n = 80, 86%) GCs notified patients when a VUS was reclassified, although methods of recontact differed when the reclassification was an upgrade versus a downgrade. GCs who asked patients to stay in touch through periodic recontact or follow-up appointments were more likely to request VUS reinterpretation (p = 0.01). The most frequently reported barriers to requesting reinterpretation regularly were patients being lost to follow-up (n = 39, 33.1%), insufficient bandwidth (n = 27, 22.9%), and lack of standardized guidelines (n = 25, 21.2%). GCs had consistent overall practices around VUS management around investigation, disclosure, reinterpretation, and recontact, but specific methods used differed and were at the discretion of each provider. These results showcase the current landscape of VUS management workflows in pediatrics and the challenges associated with adopting more uniform practices. The study findings can help inform future strategies to develop standardized guidelines surrounding VUS management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chloe Cheung
- Genetic Counseling Graduate Program, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
- Clinical Trials Office, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Sara M Berger
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Clinical Genetics, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Meredith Ross
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Clinical Genetics, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Tamar Kramer
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Clinical Genetics, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Yuhuan Li
- Department of Biostatistics, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Carli Andrews
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Clinical Genetics, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Katia R Dergham
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Clinical Genetics, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
- School of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Keck Graduate Insititute, Claremont, California, USA
| | - Elana Spitz
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Clinical Genetics, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Hematology Oncology, University of Carlifornia, Los Angeles Health, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Michelle E Florido
- Genetic Counseling Graduate Program, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Genetics and Development, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Priyanka Ahimaz
- Genetic Counseling Graduate Program, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Clinical Genetics, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
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Ahimaz P, Foltz JC, Ross MJ, Florido ME, Sebastin M, Yu JE. Exploring the role of genetic counselors in immunology: A study of immunologist and allergist perspectives. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract 2023; 11:1939-1942.e2. [PMID: 36787825 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaip.2023.01.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Ahimaz
- Genetic Counseling Graduate Program, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY; Division of Molecular Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University, New York, NY.
| | - Jennah C Foltz
- Genetic Counseling Graduate Program, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - Meredith J Ross
- Division of Clinical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - Michelle E Florido
- Genetic Counseling Graduate Program, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY; Department of Genetics and Development, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - Monisha Sebastin
- Division of Clinical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Montefiore Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Joyce E Yu
- Division of Allergy, Immunology & Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University, New York, NY
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Waggoner RM, Harkavy N, Way L, Florido ME, Sánchez A, Bergner AL. The utility of limited Spanish proficiency in interpreted genetic counseling sessions. J Genet Couns 2023. [PMID: 36748185 DOI: 10.1002/jgc4.1673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Professional interpreters are an integral component of healthcare for Spanish-speaking individuals with limited English proficiency (LEP). Research has demonstrated that errors in interpretation are common and can contribute to poor outcomes for Spanish-speaking clients. Providers with some Spanish proficiency may be able to detect clinically significant interpretation errors, potentially limiting negative clinical outcomes and helping to reduce health disparities for clients with LEP. This study aimed to identify the level of Spanish proficiency necessary for genetic counselors to be able to detect a majority of clinically significant errors made by a professional interpreter during a reproductive genetic counseling session. Practicing genetic counselors and genetic counseling graduate students were surveyed regarding their Spanish language background, experience working with interpreters, and self-rated Spanish proficiency. Participants then watched short video clips from three simulated reproductive genetic counseling sessions conducted with a professional interpreter and were tasked with identifying clinically significant interpretation errors. Survey responses were analyzed from 118 participants who met eligibility criteria. Participants who reported "basic" and "fair" Spanish proficiency detected an average of 36.5% and 67% of clinically significant errors, respectively. Those reporting "good" proficiency or higher detected more than 80% of errors. Overall self-rated Spanish proficiency was positively correlated with years of Spanish language education and individual measures of speaking, listening, and reading proficiency, indicating that self-report may be a reasonable measure of proficiency when the goal is error detection in an interpreted session. Genetic counselors with even minimal Spanish proficiency can detect clinically significant interpretation errors, allowing for the correction of these errors during the session. Genetic counselors with "basic" and "fair" may consider genetic counseling-specific Spanish language classes to increase their proficiency to be able to detect a majority of interpretation errors and thereby improve the quality of care and reduce health disparities for Spanish-speaking clients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca M Waggoner
- Genetic Counseling Graduate Program, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Nina Harkavy
- Genetic Counseling Graduate Program, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | | | - Michelle E Florido
- Genetic Counseling Graduate Program, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA.,Department of Genetics and Development, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Adriana Sánchez
- Genetic Counseling Graduate Program, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Amanda L Bergner
- Genetic Counseling Graduate Program, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA.,Department of Genetics and Development, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
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Jennings C, Wynn J, Miguel C, Levinson E, Florido ME, White M, Sands CB, Schwartz LA, Daly M, O'Toole K, Buys SS, Glendon G, Hanna D, Andrulis IL, Terry MB, Chung WK, Bradbury A. Mother and Daughter Perspectives on Genetic Counseling and Testing of Adolescents for Hereditary Breast Cancer Risk. J Pediatr 2022; 251:113-119.e7. [PMID: 35777474 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2022.06.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the risks, benefits, and utility of testing for adult-onset hereditary breast and ovarian cancer (HBOC) in adolescents and young adults. STUDY DESIGN We evaluated interest in genetic testing of adolescents for adult-onset HBOC genes through semistructured interviews with mothers and adolescents who had previously participated in breast cancer research or had pursued (mothers) clinical testing for HBOC. RESULTS The majority of mothers (73%) and daughters (75%) were interested in the daughter having genetic testing and were motivated by the future medical utility and current social utility of relieving anxiety and allowing them to prepare. Mothers and daughters both reported that approximately 3 years in the future was the best time to test the daughter regardless of the current age of the daughter. Overall, both mothers and daughters expressed the importance of the involvement of the mother to provide educational and emotional support but ultimately it was the daughter's decision to test. Balancing the independence and maturity of the daughter while reinforcing communication and support within the dyad was a prominent theme throughout the interviews. CONCLUSIONS There is interest among some high-risk adolescents and young adults to engage in genetic counseling and undergo testing. Providing pretest and posttest genetic counseling, assessing preferences for parent involvement, and offering psychosocial support may be important if genetic testing for HBOC is offered to adolescents and young adults before age 25 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Jennings
- Vagelos College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Julia Wynn
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY; Genetic Counseling Graduate Program, Vagelos College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Cecilia Miguel
- Genetic Counseling Graduate Program, Vagelos College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Elana Levinson
- Genetic Counseling Graduate Program, Vagelos College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY; Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Michelle E Florido
- Genetic Counseling Graduate Program, Vagelos College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY; Department of Genetics and Development, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Melissa White
- Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Colleen Burke Sands
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Lisa A Schwartz
- Division of Oncology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA; Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Mary Daly
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Karen O'Toole
- Department of Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Saundra S Buys
- Department of Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Gordon Glendon
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Danielle Hanna
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Irene L Andrulis
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mary Beth Terry
- Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Wendy K Chung
- Vagelos College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY; Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY; Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY.
| | - Angela Bradbury
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
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Jain NG, Ahram DF, Marasa M, Rehman AU, May HJ, Zacharoulis S, Revah-Politi A, Florido ME, Whittemore GB, Aggarwal VS, Hargus G, Anyane-Yeboa K, D’Agati VD, Lin F, Jobanputra V, Sanna-Cherchi S. Clinical Real-Time Genome Sequencing to Solve the Complex and Confounded Presentation of a Child With Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis and Multiple Malignancies. Kidney Int Rep 2022; 7:2312-2316. [PMID: 36217514 PMCID: PMC9546728 DOI: 10.1016/j.ekir.2022.07.174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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