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de Oliveira Pedrosa Rolim M, de Almeida AR, da Rocha Pitta MG, de Melo Rêgo MJB, Quintans-Júnior LJ, de Souza Siqueira Quintans J, Heimfarth L, Scotti L, Scotti MT, da Cruz RMD, de Almeida RN, da Silva TG, de Oliveira JA, de Campos ML, Marchand P, Mendonça-Junior FJB. Design, synthesis and pharmacological evaluation of CVIB, a codrug of carvacrol and ibuprofen as a novel anti-inflammatory agent. Int Immunopharmacol 2019; 76:105856. [PMID: 31480005 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2019.105856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Revised: 08/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The search for new drugs with anti-inflammatory properties remains a challenge for modern medicine. Among the various strategies for drug discovery, deriving new chemical entities from known bioactive natural and/or synthetic compounds remains a promising approach. Here, we designed and synthesized CVIB, a codrug developed by association of carvacrol (a phenolic monoterpene) with ibuprofen (a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug). In silico pharmacokinetic and physicochemical properties evaluation indicated low aqueous solubility (LogP ≥5.0). Nevertheless, the hybrid presented excellent oral bioavailability, gastrointestinal tract absorption, and low toxicity. CVIB did not present cytotoxicity in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), and promoted a significant reduction in IL-2, IL-10, IL-17, and IFN-γ cytokine levels in vitro. The LD50 was estimated to be approximately 5000 mg/kg. CVIB was stable and detectable in human plasma after 24 h. In vivo anti-inflammatory evaluations revealed that CVIB at 10 and 50 mg/kg i.p. caused a significant decrease in total leukocyte count (p < 0.01) and provoked a significant reduction in IL-1β (p < 0.01). CVIB at 10 mg/kg i.p. efficiently decreased inflammatory parameters better than the physical mixture (carvacrol + ibuprofen 10 mg/kg i.p.). The results suggest that the codrug approach is a good option for drug design and development, creating the possibility of combining NSAIDs with natural products in order to obtain new hybrid drugs may be useful for treatment of inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle de Oliveira Pedrosa Rolim
- Laboratory of Synthesis and Drug Delivery, State University of Paraiba, João Pessoa, PB 58071-160, Brazil; Post-Graduation Program in Natural and Synthetic Bioactive Products, Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa, PB 58051-900, Brazil
| | - Anderson Rodrigues de Almeida
- Laboratory of Immunomodulation and Novel Therapeutic Approaches, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, PE 50670-901, Brazil
| | - Maira Galdino da Rocha Pitta
- Laboratory of Immunomodulation and Novel Therapeutic Approaches, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, PE 50670-901, Brazil
| | | | - Lucindo José Quintans-Júnior
- Laboratory of Neurosciences and Pharmacological Assays (LANEF) University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, SE 49100-000, Brazil
| | | | - Luana Heimfarth
- Laboratory of Neurosciences and Pharmacological Assays (LANEF) University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, SE 49100-000, Brazil
| | - Luciana Scotti
- Post-Graduation Program in Natural and Synthetic Bioactive Products, Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa, PB 58051-900, Brazil; Teaching and Research Management - University Hospital, Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa, PB 58051-900, Brazil
| | - Marcus Tullius Scotti
- Post-Graduation Program in Natural and Synthetic Bioactive Products, Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa, PB 58051-900, Brazil
| | - Ryldene Marques Duarte da Cruz
- Post-Graduation Program in Natural and Synthetic Bioactive Products, Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa, PB 58051-900, Brazil
| | - Reinaldo Nóbrega de Almeida
- Post-Graduation Program in Natural and Synthetic Bioactive Products, Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa, PB 58051-900, Brazil
| | - Teresinha Gonçalves da Silva
- Department of Antibiotics, Center for Biosciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, PE 50740-520, Brazil
| | - Jonata Augusto de Oliveira
- Laboratory of Toxicology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Araraquara, SP 14801-902, Brazil
| | - Michel Leandro de Campos
- Health Research and Education Center (NUPADS), Federal University of Mato Grosso, Sinop, MT 78550-728, Brazil
| | - Pascal Marchand
- Université de Nantes, Cibles et Médicaments des Infections et du Cancer, IICiMed, EA 1155, F-44000 Nantes, France
| | - Francisco Jaime Bezerra Mendonça-Junior
- Laboratory of Synthesis and Drug Delivery, State University of Paraiba, João Pessoa, PB 58071-160, Brazil; Post-Graduation Program in Natural and Synthetic Bioactive Products, Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa, PB 58051-900, Brazil.
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