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Almeida MP, Machado Vaz I, Winck JC, Marques A. Inpatient rehabilitation of a person with Guillain-Barré syndrome associated with COVID-19 infection: An expert interdisciplinary approach to a case study. Physiother Theory Pract 2023; 39:2479-2489. [PMID: 35521973 DOI: 10.1080/09593985.2022.2072252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Several cases of Guillain-Barré Syndrome (GBS) associated with a COVID-19 infection have been recently reported. Rehabilitation might be a key player in the recovery of these highly complex patients however, results are yet unknown. This case report aimed to describe the effects of an inpatient rehabilitation program, with an interdisciplinary team approach, in a patient with GBS in the context of a COVID-19 infection. CASE DESCRIPTION A 58-year-old man with GBS after COVID-19 started an inpatient rehabilitation program focused on reducing dyspnea and fatigue symptoms; improving muscle strength, balance, aerobic and functional training; practicing activities of daily living and energy conservation techniques; swallowing training; emotional support and patient and family education about daily routines. An expert interdisciplinary team delivered the intervention, approximately 5 h/day, 5 days/week for 6 weeks. OUTCOMES Improvements were observed in dyspnea, fatigue, nocturnal ventilation, muscle strength, balance, walking capacity, functional status, and swallowing function. CONCLUSION This clinical case report illustrates the impact of a tailored and interdisciplinary rehabilitation program, on promoting recovery in multiple health domains of a patient with GBS associated with COVID-19 infection. Our experience might be useful to guide other inpatient rehabilitation programs to successfully manage these highly complex patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel P Almeida
- Centro de Reabilitação do Norte, Centro Hospitalar de Vila Nova de Gaia/Espinho, Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal
- Respiratory Research and Rehabilitation Laboratory (Lab3r), School of Health Sciences (ESSUA) and Institute of Biomedicine (IBiMED), University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Inês Machado Vaz
- Serviço de Medicina Física e de Reabilitação - Centro Hospitalar de Trás-Os-Montes e Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - João Carlos Winck
- Centro de Reabilitação do Norte, Centro Hospitalar de Vila Nova de Gaia/Espinho, Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Alda Marques
- Respiratory Research and Rehabilitation Laboratory (Lab3r), School of Health Sciences (ESSUA) and Institute of Biomedicine (IBiMED), University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
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Rodrigues M, Costa AJ, Santos R, Diogo P, Gonçalves E, Barroso D, Almeida MP, Vaz IM, Lima A. Inpatient rehabilitation can improve functional outcomes of post-intensive care unit COVID-19 patients-a prospective study. Disabil Rehabil 2023; 45:266-276. [PMID: 35133225 DOI: 10.1080/09638288.2022.2032408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the impact of an inpatient multimodal and intensive rehabilitation program on neuromuscular, respiratory, and functional impairments of post-ICU COVID-19 patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS Prospective study including post-ICU COVID-19 survivors consecutively admitted to a rehabilitation centre. Rehabilitation was conducted by an interdisciplinary team. Medical Research Council (MRC) score, maximum expiratory pressure (MEP), maximum inspiratory pressure (MIP), peak cough flow (PCF), Functional Oral Intake Scale (FOIS), Brief Balance Evaluation Systems Test (Brief-BESTest), Timed Up and Go (TUG) test, 1 min Sit to Stand Test (1' STST), 6 min Walking Test (6MWT), Fatigue Assessment Scale (FAS), Functional Independence Measure (FIM) were assessed at admission (T0) and discharge (T1). RESULTS A total of 42 patients were included. After 32.00;26.00 days of inpatient rehabilitation, there was a significant improvement in limb and respiratory muscle strength, cough effectiveness, fatigue, balance, exercise capacity, and in the ability to perform activities of daily living. Advanced age, longer acute care hospitalization, depressive symptoms, and cognitive deficits were associated with poorer functional outcomes. CONCLUSION Post-ICU COVID-19 patients present multiple sequelae with detrimental functional impact. An adapted interdisciplinary rehabilitation program is essential for a thorough evaluation of these patients and results in significant functional gains.IMPLICATIONS FOR REHABILITATIONPost-ICU COVID-19 survivors present multiple sequelae and disabilities.An intensive and interdisciplinary inpatient rehabilitation results in significant improvement in limb and respiratory muscle strength, cough effectiveness, fatigue, balance, exercise capacity, and ability to perform activities of daily living.Timely referral from the acute care setting to rehabilitation services is crucial to minimize the functional impact of severe multisystemic disease and prolonged hospitalization.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ana João Costa
- Centro de Reabilitação do Norte, Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal
| | - Rui Santos
- Centro de Reabilitação do Norte, Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal
| | - Pedro Diogo
- Hospital Central do Funchal, Funchal, Portugal
| | | | - Denise Barroso
- Centro de Reabilitação do Norte, Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal
| | - Miguel P Almeida
- Centro de Reabilitação do Norte, Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal
- Escola Superior de Saúde, Universidade de Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Inês Machado Vaz
- Centro Hospitalar de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Ana Lima
- Centro de Reabilitação do Norte, Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal
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Muacevic A, Adler JR, Rodrigues M, Santos R, Almeida MP, Lima A. Post-intensive Care Unit COVID-19 Survivors: Functional Status and Respiratory Function Three Months After an Inpatient Rehabilitation Program. Cureus 2022; 14:e31281. [PMID: 36514625 PMCID: PMC9732913 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.31281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction and objectives Long-term coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) sequelae have become an increasing concern, with persistent dyspnoea and fatigue being the most common and long-lasting symptoms reported. The aim of this study was to evaluate the functional status and respiratory function three months after discharge from an inpatient rehabilitation program. Materials and methods This was a prospective study including post-ICU COVID-19 survivors consecutively admitted to an inpatient and multimodal rehabilitation program in a rehabilitation center. Evaluation of functional status (brief balance evaluation systems test (brief-BESTEST), timed up and go (TUG) test, 1 min sit to stand test (1STST), 6 min walking test (6MWT)); respiratory muscle strength (maximum expiratory pressure (MEP), maximum inspiratory pressure (MIP)); cough effectiveness (peak cough flow (PCF)); and fatigue (fatigue assessment scale (FAS)) were assessed at admission (T0), discharge (T1), and three months after discharge (T2). Results A total of 36 patients were included. Between T1 and T2, there was a significant improvement in MEP (84.47±20.89 vs 97.23±24.63 cmH2O, p<0.001), PCF (367.83±117.24 vs 441.33±132.90 L/min, p=0.003), functional capacity (1STST (19.90±6.37 vs 23.13±6.07, p=0.004), and 6MWT (459.25±153.70 vs 500.00±163.74 meters, p=0.003)). No differences were seen in MIP, brief-BESTEST, or TUG. Patients presented a higher median final FAS score at T2 compared to T1: 21.50±5 vs 18.60±2.65, p=0.002. Conclusions Post-ICU COVID-19 survivors admitted to an inpatient rehabilitation program maintained a good functional recovery at the three-month follow-up. Despite overall improvement, we found higher scores of FAS, suggesting worse fatigue levels.
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Sobreira M, Almeida MP, Gomes A, Lucas M, Oliveira A, Marques A. Minimal Clinically Important Differences for Measures of Pain, Lung Function, Fatigue, and Functionality in Spinal Cord Injury. Phys Ther 2021; 101:6039321. [PMID: 33336700 DOI: 10.1093/ptj/pzaa210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Revised: 07/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to determine the minimal clinically important differences (MCIDs) for the numerical pain rating scale (NPRS), peak cough flow (PCF), peak expiratory flow (PEF), fatigue severity scale (FSS), and London chest activities of daily living scale (LCADL) in patients with spinal cord injuries (SCIs) after rehabilitation. METHODS Inpatients with SCI from 2 rehabilitation centers participating in a daily rehabilitation program were recruited. The NPRS, PCF, PEF, FSS, and LCADL were collected at baseline and discharge. The global rating of change scale was performed at discharge. MCIDs were calculated using anchor (linear regression, mean change, and receiver operating characteristic curves) and distribution-based methods (0.5 times the baseline SD, standard error of measurement, 1.96 times standard error of measurement, and minimal detectable change) and pooled using arithmetic weighted mean. RESULTS Sixty inpatients with SCI (36 males; 54.5 [15.9] years) participated. On average their rehabilitation program lasted 7.3 (1.7) weeks. Pooled MCID estimates were 1.6 points for the NPRS, 69.8 L/min for the PCF, 77.4 L/min for the PEF, 1.1 points for the FSS, and 1.4 points for the LCADL. CONCLUSION Established MCIDs for NPRS, PCF, PEF, FSS, and LCADL will help health professionals to interpret results and guide rehabilitation interventions in patients with SCI. IMPACT Health professionals and researchers may now use -1.6 points for the NPRS, 69.8 L/min for the PCF, 77.4 L/min for the PEF, 1.1 points for the FSS, and 1.4 points for the LCADL to interpret if changes in pain, cough intensity, expiratory flow, fatigue and activities of daily living after rehabilitation of patients with SCI have been clinically relevant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margarida Sobreira
- Medicine and Rehabilitation Centre of Alcoitão, Santa Casa da Misericórdia de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Miguel P Almeida
- Rehabilitation Centre of the North, Centro Hospitalar de Vila Nova de Gaia-Espinho, Porto, Portugal.,Institute of Biomedicine, Lab3R-Respiratory Research and Rehabilitation Laboratory, School of Health Sciences, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Ana Gomes
- Rehabilitation Centre of the North, Centro Hospitalar de Vila Nova de Gaia-Espinho, Porto, Portugal
| | - Marlene Lucas
- Medicine and Rehabilitation Centre of Alcoitão, Santa Casa da Misericórdia de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ana Oliveira
- Institute of Biomedicine, Lab3R-Respiratory Research and Rehabilitation Laboratory, School of Health Sciences, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal.,School of Rehabilitation Science, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.,West Park Healthcare Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alda Marques
- Lab3R-Respiratory Research and Rehabilitation Laboratory, School of Health Sciences, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, Agras do Crasto, Building 30, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
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Almeida MP, Montanha T, Marques M, Silva PM, Viamonte S, Ribeiro F, Santos M. Glittre Activities Daily Living Test: Physiological responses in patients with heart failure. Eur J Prev Cardiol 2020; 28:e25-e27. [PMID: 33611357 DOI: 10.1177/2047487320911173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Miguel P Almeida
- Centro de Reabilitação do Norte, Centro Hospitalar de Vila Nova de Gaia e Espinho, Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal.,School of Health Sciences (ESSUA), University of Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Tiago Montanha
- Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure, Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Portugal
| | - Marta Marques
- Centro de Reabilitação do Norte, Centro Hospitalar de Vila Nova de Gaia e Espinho, Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal
| | - Pedro M Silva
- School of Health Sciences (ESS-IPP), Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Portugal
| | - Sofia Viamonte
- Centro de Reabilitação do Norte, Centro Hospitalar de Vila Nova de Gaia e Espinho, Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal
| | - Fernando Ribeiro
- School of Health Sciences (ESSUA), University of Aveiro, Portugal.,Institute of Biomedicine - iBiMED, University of Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Mário Santos
- Centro de Reabilitação do Norte, Centro Hospitalar de Vila Nova de Gaia e Espinho, Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal.,Serviço de Cardiologia, Hospital Santo António, Centro Hospitalar Universitário do Porto, Portugal
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Loredo JC, Broome MA, Hilaire P, Gazzano O, Sagnes I, Lemaitre A, Almeida MP, Senellart P, White AG. Boson Sampling with Single-Photon Fock States from a Bright Solid-State Source. Phys Rev Lett 2017; 118:130503. [PMID: 28409950 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.118.130503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A boson-sampling device is a quantum machine expected to perform tasks intractable for a classical computer, yet requiring minimal nonclassical resources as compared to full-scale quantum computers. Photonic implementations to date employed sources based on inefficient processes that only simulate heralded single-photon statistics when strongly reducing emission probabilities. Boson sampling with only single-photon input has thus never been realized. Here, we report on a boson-sampling device operated with a bright solid-state source of single-photon Fock states with high photon-number purity: the emission from an efficient and deterministic quantum dot-micropillar system is demultiplexed into three partially indistinguishable single photons, with a single-photon purity 1-g^{(2)}(0) of 0.990±0.001, interfering in a linear optics network. Our demultiplexed source is between 1 and 2 orders of magnitude more efficient than current heralded multiphoton sources based on spontaneous parametric down-conversion, allowing us to complete the boson-sampling experiment faster than previous equivalent implementations.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C Loredo
- Centre for Engineered Quantum Systems, Centre for Quantum Computation and Communication Technology, School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - M A Broome
- Centre of Excellence for Quantum Computation and Communication Technology, School of Physics, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - P Hilaire
- CNRS-C2N Centre de Nanosciences et de Nanotechnologies, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91460 Marcoussis, France
- Université Paris Diderot-Paris 7, 75205 Paris CEDEX 13, France
| | - O Gazzano
- CNRS-C2N Centre de Nanosciences et de Nanotechnologies, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91460 Marcoussis, France
- Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology, University of Maryland, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, USA
| | - I Sagnes
- CNRS-C2N Centre de Nanosciences et de Nanotechnologies, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91460 Marcoussis, France
| | - A Lemaitre
- CNRS-C2N Centre de Nanosciences et de Nanotechnologies, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91460 Marcoussis, France
| | - M P Almeida
- Centre for Engineered Quantum Systems, Centre for Quantum Computation and Communication Technology, School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - P Senellart
- CNRS-C2N Centre de Nanosciences et de Nanotechnologies, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91460 Marcoussis, France
- Département de Physique, Ecole Polytechnique, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - A G White
- Centre for Engineered Quantum Systems, Centre for Quantum Computation and Communication Technology, School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
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Loredo JC, Almeida MP, Di Candia R, Pedernales JS, Casanova J, Solano E, White AG. Measuring Entanglement in a Photonic Embedding Quantum Simulator. Phys Rev Lett 2016; 116:070503. [PMID: 26943521 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.116.070503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Measuring entanglement is a demanding task that usually requires full tomography of a quantum system, involving a number of observables that grows exponentially with the number of parties. Recently, it was suggested that adding a single ancillary qubit would allow for the efficient measurement of concurrence, and indeed any entanglement monotone associated with antilinear operations. Here, we report on the experimental implementation of such a device-an embedding quantum simulator-in photonics, encoding the entangling dynamics of a bipartite system into a tripartite one. We show that bipartite concurrence can be efficiently extracted from the measurement of merely two observables, instead of 15, without full tomographic information.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C Loredo
- Centre for Engineered Quantum Systems, Centre for Quantum Computer and Communication Technology, School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - M P Almeida
- Centre for Engineered Quantum Systems, Centre for Quantum Computer and Communication Technology, School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - R Di Candia
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Apartado 644, 48080 Bilbao, Spain
| | - J S Pedernales
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Apartado 644, 48080 Bilbao, Spain
| | - J Casanova
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, Universität Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany
| | - E Solano
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Apartado 644, 48080 Bilbao, Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Maria Diaz de Haro 3, 48013 Bilbao, Spain
| | - A G White
- Centre for Engineered Quantum Systems, Centre for Quantum Computer and Communication Technology, School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
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Fedrizzi A, Zuppardo M, Gillett GG, Broome MA, Almeida MP, Paternostro M, White AG, Paterek T. Experimental distribution of entanglement with separable carriers. Phys Rev Lett 2013; 111:230504. [PMID: 24476241 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.111.230504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The key requirement for quantum networking is the distribution of entanglement between nodes. Surprisingly, entanglement can be generated across a network without direct transfer-or communication-of entanglement. In contrast to information gain, which cannot exceed the communicated information, the entanglement gain is bounded by the communicated quantum discord, a more general measure of quantum correlation that includes but is not limited to entanglement. Here, we experimentally entangle two communicating parties sharing three initially separable photonic qubits by exchange of a carrier photon that is unentangled with either party at all times. We show that distributing entanglement with separable carriers is resilient to noise and in some cases becomes the only way of distributing entanglement through noisy environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Fedrizzi
- Centre for Engineered Quantum Systems and Centre for Quantum Computer and Communication Technology, School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - M Zuppardo
- School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 637371 Singapore, Singapore
| | - G G Gillett
- Centre for Engineered Quantum Systems and Centre for Quantum Computer and Communication Technology, School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - M A Broome
- Centre for Engineered Quantum Systems and Centre for Quantum Computer and Communication Technology, School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - M P Almeida
- Centre for Engineered Quantum Systems and Centre for Quantum Computer and Communication Technology, School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - M Paternostro
- Centre for Theoretical Atomic, Molecular, and Optical Physics, School of Mathematics and Physics, Queen's University Belfast, BT7 1NN, United Kingdom
| | - A G White
- Centre for Engineered Quantum Systems and Centre for Quantum Computer and Communication Technology, School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - T Paterek
- School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 637371 Singapore, Singapore and Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, 117543 Singapore, Singapore
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Gazzano O, Almeida MP, Nowak AK, Portalupi SL, Lemaître A, Sagnes I, White AG, Senellart P. Entangling quantum-logic gate operated with an ultrabright semiconductor single-photon source. Phys Rev Lett 2013; 110:250501. [PMID: 23829719 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.110.250501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate the unambiguous entangling operation of a photonic quantum-logic gate driven by an ultrabright solid-state single-photon source. Indistinguishable single photons emitted by a single semiconductor quantum dot in a micropillar optical cavity are used as target and control qubits. For a source brightness of 0.56 photons per pulse, the measured truth table has an overlap with the ideal case of 68.4±0.5%, increasing to 73.0±1.6% for a source brightness of 0.17 photons per pulse. The gate is entangling: At a source brightness of 0.48, the Bell-state fidelity is above the entangling threshold of 50% and reaches 71.0±3.6% for a source brightness of 0.15.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Gazzano
- Laboratoire de Photonique et de Nanostructures, CNRS, UPR20, Route de Nozay, 91460 Marcoussis, France
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Rezende CP, Almeida MP, Brito RB, Nonaka CK, Leite MO. Optimisation and validation of a quantitative and confirmatory LC-MS method for multi-residue analyses of β-lactam and tetracycline antibiotics in bovine muscle. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2011; 29:541-9. [PMID: 22070766 DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2011.627883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
A multi-residue method for the determination of the β-lactam antibiotics ampicillin, cefazolin, cloxacillin, dicloxacillin, nafcillin, oxacillin, penicillin G, penicillin V and the tetracyclines chlotetracycline, tetracycline and oxytetracycline was optimised and validated in bovine muscle. The method is based on the extraction of the residues from muscle using water/acetonitrile (2/8, v/v) with subsequent use of dispersive solid-phase C18 and hexane for purification. Extracts were analysed using ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC-MS/MS) coupled with the mass spectrometer in positive electrospray ionisation mode (ESI+) for all analytes. The method was validated according to the requirements of European Commission Decision 2002/657/EC. The validation results were obtained within the MRL range of 0-1.5 of the MRL, with recoveries varying from 90% to 110% and CV < 20% (n = 54), except for cloxacillin, dicloxacillin and nafcillin. However, matrix interference was observed. The decision limit (CCα) ranged from 10% to 15% of the MRL. The uncertainty measurement was estimated based on both bottom-up and top-down strategies and the uncertainty values were found to be lower than 20% of the MRL. The method has a simple extraction procedure whereby analytes are separated with reasonable resolutions in a single 11-min chromatographic run. According to the validation results, this method is suitable for monitoring β-lactams and tetracyclines according to National Program for Residue and Contaminant Control - Brazil (NPRC-Brazil) in bovine muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- C P Rezende
- Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Food Supply, MAPA, National Agricultural Laboratory, LANAGRO/MG, Brazil.
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11
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Broome MA, Almeida MP, Fedrizzi A, White AG. Reducing multi-photon rates in pulsed down-conversion by temporal multiplexing. Opt Express 2011; 19:22698-22708. [PMID: 22109151 DOI: 10.1364/oe.19.022698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We present a simple technique to reduce the emission rate of higher-order photon events from pulsed spontaneous parametric down-conversion. The technique uses extra-cavity control over a mode locked ultrafast laser to simultaneously increase repetition rate and reduce the energy of each pulse from the pump beam. We apply our scheme to a photonic quantum gate, showing improvements in the non-classical interference visibility for 2-photon and 4-photon experiments, and in the quantum-gate fidelity and entangled state production in the 2-photon case.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Broome
- ARC Centre for Engineered Quantum Systems, ARC Centre for Quantum Computer and Communication Technology, School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Queensland, 4072 Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
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Shabani A, Kosut RL, Mohseni M, Rabitz H, Broome MA, Almeida MP, Fedrizzi A, White AG. Efficient measurement of quantum dynamics via compressive sensing. Phys Rev Lett 2011; 106:100401. [PMID: 21469772 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.106.100401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2009] [Revised: 11/14/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The resources required to characterize the dynamics of engineered quantum systems--such as quantum computers and quantum sensors--grow exponentially with system size. Here we adapt techniques from compressive sensing to exponentially reduce the experimental configurations required for quantum process tomography. Our method is applicable to processes that are nearly sparse in a certain basis and can be implemented using only single-body preparations and measurements. We perform efficient, high-fidelity estimation of process matrices of a photonic two-qubit logic gate. The database is obtained under various decoherence strengths. Our technique is both accurate and noise robust, thus removing a key roadblock to the development and scaling of quantum technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Shabani
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
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13
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Gillett GG, Dalton RB, Lanyon BP, Almeida MP, Barbieri M, Pryde GJ, O'Brien JL, Resch KJ, Bartlett SD, White AG. Experimental feedback control of quantum systems using weak measurements. Phys Rev Lett 2010; 104:080503. [PMID: 20366921 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.104.080503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2009] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
A goal of the emerging field of quantum control is to develop methods for quantum technologies to function robustly in the presence of noise. Central issues are the fundamental limitations on the available information about quantum systems and the disturbance they suffer in the process of measurement. In the context of a simple quantum control scenario-the stabilization of nonorthogonal states of a qubit against dephasing-we experimentally explore the use of weak measurements in feedback control. We find that, despite the intrinsic difficultly of implementing them, weak measurements allow us to control the qubit better in practice than is even theoretically possible without them. Our work shows that these more general quantum measurements can play an important role for feedback control of quantum systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- G G Gillett
- Department of Physics and Centre for Quantum Computer Technology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia.
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Abstract
Deterministic quantum computation with one pure qubit (DQC1) is an efficient model of computation that uses highly mixed states. Unlike pure-state models, its power is not derived from the generation of a large amount of entanglement. Instead it has been proposed that other nonclassical correlations are responsible for the computational speedup, and that these can be captured by the quantum discord. In this Letter we implement DQC1 in an all-optical architecture, and experimentally observe the generated correlations. We find no entanglement, but large amounts of quantum discord-except in three cases where an efficient classical simulation is always possible. Our results show that even fully separable, highly mixed, states can contain intrinsically quantum mechanical correlations and that these could offer a valuable resource for quantum information technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- B P Lanyon
- Department of Physics and Centre for Quantum Computer Technology, University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia.
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15
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Juchum FS, Leal JB, Santos LM, Almeida MP, Ahnert D, Corrêa RX. Evaluation of genetic diversity in a natural rosewood population (Dalbergia nigra Vell. Allemão ex Benth.) using RAPD markers. Genet Mol Res 2007; 6:543-553. [PMID: 17985307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Dalbergia nigra (rosewood) is a long-lived leguminous species, which is endemic to the Brazilian Atlantic forest. Because of the high economic value of its wood, this species has been over-explored in recent years. Currently, rosewood is included in the IUCN Red List as vulnerable. We examined the genetic diversity of 87 specimens of D. nigra sampled from a continuous forest in the Veracel Reserve and Brazilwood Ecological Station, Porto Seguro, Bahia state, with random amplified polymorphic DNA markers. Grouping analyses were done using unweighted pair group method with arithmetic averages. Using the 16 most informative primers, 112 markers were obtained; 39% (44 bands) were polymorphic. A genetic similarity matrix was made based on the polymorphic bands. The dispersion graph and dendrogram analyses showed three distinct sub-populations. The degree of polymorphism was high, near that of other populations of similar species; however, it was considered low for the conservation of this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- F S Juchum
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Ilhéus, BA, Brasil.
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16
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Abstract
We demonstrate the difference between local, single-particle dynamics and global dynamics of entangled quantum systems coupled to independent environments. Using an all-optical experimental setup, we showed that, even when the environment-induced decay of each system is asymptotic, quantum entanglement may suddenly disappear. This "sudden death" constitutes yet another distinct and counterintuitive trait of entanglement.
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Affiliation(s)
- M P Almeida
- Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Caixa Postal 68528, Rio de Janeiro RJ 21941-972, Brazil
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17
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Almeida MP, Andrade JS, Herrmann HJ. Aeolian transport of sand. Eur Phys J E Soft Matter 2007; 22:195-200. [PMID: 17380254 DOI: 10.1140/epje/e2007-00028-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2006] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The airborne transport of particles on a granular surface by the saltation mechanism is studied through numerical simulation of particles dragged by turbulent air flow. We calculate the saturated flux q(s) and show that its dependence on the wind strength u(*) is consistent with several empirical relations obtained from experimental measurements. We propose and explain a new relation for fluxes close to the threshold velocity u(t), namely, q(s)=a(u(*)-u(t))(alpha) with alpha approximately 2. We also obtain the distortion of the velocity profile of the wind due to the drag of the particles and find a novel dynamical scaling relation. We also obtain a new expression for the dependence of the height of the saltation layer as function of the strength of the wind.
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Affiliation(s)
- M P Almeida
- Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
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18
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Walborn SP, Lemelle DS, Almeida MP, Ribeiro PHS. Quantum key distribution with higher-order alphabets using spatially encoded qudits. Phys Rev Lett 2006; 96:090501. [PMID: 16606248 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.96.090501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2005] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
We present a proof of principle demonstration of a quantum key distribution scheme in higher-order -dimensional alphabets using spatial degrees of freedom of photons. Our implementation allows for the transmission of 4.56 bits per sifted photon, while providing improved security: an intercept-resend attack on all photons would induce an average error rate of 0.47. Using our system, it should be possible to send more than a byte of information per sifted photon.
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Affiliation(s)
- S P Walborn
- Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Caixa Postal 68528, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-972, Brazil.
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19
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Andrade JS, Almeida MP, Moreira AA, Farias GA. Extended phase-space dynamics for the generalized nonextensive thermostatistics. Phys Rev E Stat Nonlin Soft Matter Phys 2002; 65:036121. [PMID: 11909179 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.65.036121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2001] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
We apply a variant of the Nosé thermostat to derive the Hamiltonian of a nonextensive system that is compatible with the canonical ensemble of the generalized thermostatistics of Tsallis. This microdynamical approach provides a deterministic connection between the generalized nonextensive entropy and power-law behavior. For the case of a simple one-dimensional harmonic oscillator, we confirm by numerical simulation of the dynamics that the distribution of energy H follows precisely the canonical q statistics for different values of the parameter q. The approach is further tested for classical many-particle systems by means of molecular dynamics simulations. The results indicate that the intrinsic nonlinear features of the nonextensive formalism are capable of generating energy fluctuations that obey anomalous probability laws. For q<1 a broad distribution of energy is observed, while for q>1 the resulting distribution is confined to a compact support.
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Affiliation(s)
- J S Andrade
- Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Campus do Pici, Caixa Postal 6030, Ceará, 60455-760 Fortaleza, Brazil
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20
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Ribeiro PH, Caetano DP, Almeida MP, Huguenin JA, dos Santos BC, Khoury AZ. Observation of image transfer and phase conjugation in stimulated down-conversion. Phys Rev Lett 2001; 87:133602. [PMID: 11580587 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.87.133602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2001] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
We observe experimentally the transfer of angular spectrum and image formation in the process of stimulated parametric down-conversion. Images and interference patterns can be transferred from either the pump or the auxiliary laser beams to the stimulated down-converted one. The stimulated field propagates as the complex conjugate of the auxiliary laser. The phase conjugation is observed through intensity pattern measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- P H Ribeiro
- Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Caixa Postal 68528, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21945-970, Brazil.
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21
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Almeida MP, Andrade JS, Buldyrev SV, Cavalcante FS, Stanley HE, Suki B. Fluid flow through ramified structures. Phys Rev E Stat Phys Plasmas Fluids Relat Interdiscip Topics 1999; 60:5486-94. [PMID: 11970423 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.60.5486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/1999] [Indexed: 04/18/2023]
Abstract
We investigate the fluid flow through two-dimensional ramified structures by direct simulation of the Navier-Stokes equations. We show that for trees with n generations, the flow distribution strongly depends on the Reynolds number Re. Specifically, for a tree without loops the flow becomes highly heterogeneous at high Re. For a tree with loops, on the other hand, the flow distribution tends to be more uniform at increased Re conditions. We show that these apparently contradictory behaviors have the same origin, namely, the effect of inertia on the momentum transport in the channels of the ramified geometry. In order to simulate the propagation of the flow imbalance throughout the tree without loops, we develop a simple model that incorporates the basic fluid dynamics features of the system. For large trees, the results of the model indicate that the distribution of flow at the outlet branches can be described by a self-affine landscape. Finally, we argue that the nonuniform partitioning of flow found for the structure without loops may contribute to the morphogenesis and functioning of the bronchial tree.
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Affiliation(s)
- M P Almeida
- Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal do Ceará, 60455-760 Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
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22
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Costa Filho RN, Almeida MP, Andrade JS, Moreira JE. Scaling behavior in a proportional voting process. Phys Rev E Stat Phys Plasmas Fluids Relat Interdiscip Topics 1999; 60:1067-8. [PMID: 11969855 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.60.1067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/1999] [Indexed: 04/18/2023]
Abstract
We perform a statistical analysis on the proportional elections held in Brazil in October 1998. We show that the distribution of votes among candidates for the whole country follows a power law N(v) is proportional to v(-alpha), with alpha=1.00+/-0.02, extending over two orders of magnitude. The voting distributions for several states of the federation also display scale-invariant behavior with alpha approximately equal to 1. We argue that this particular voting system can be modeled as a typical multiplicative process in which the choice of the candidate is governed by a product of probabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- R N Costa Filho
- Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Campus do Pici, Centro de Ciências Exatas, Caixa Postal 6030, 60455-760 Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
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23
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Abstract
The therapeutic response to vincristine was examined in seven children (aged 2-15 years) with corticosteroid-resistant (CR) nephrotic syndrome (NS) with focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis (FGS). Five were also resistant to cyclophosphamide. Vincristine was given weekly (1.5 mg/m2 intravenously) for 8 weeks. Simultaneously, prednisone (60 mg/m2 per day, orally) was given for 4 weeks and then gradually tapered. Two of these patients had a complete and stable remission; in five no benefit was observed. It was not possible to identify any characteristics to predict the response to vincristine. Although there is a case for trying vincristine therapy in CR NS with FGS, the results of this study are not encouraging and a better understanding of its action and indications is necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- M P Almeida
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Lisbon, Portugal
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