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Shin YJ, Bae JM, Cho HR, Mahoro P, Kim SH, Han MJ, Bae MJ. Antiobesity Effects of Lactobacillus paracasei Subsp. paracasei, L. casei 431 on High-Fat Diet-Induced Obese Rats. J Med Food 2023. [PMID: 37311176 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2022.k.0144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is currently regarded as a global concern, and the key objectives of the global health strategy include its prevention and control. Probiotic supplementation can help achieve these objectives. This study aimed to assess whether a probiotic strain Lactobacillus paracasei ssp. paracasei, Lactobacillus casei 431 (henceforth, L. casei 431) possesses antiobesogenic properties. High-fat diet-induced obese Sprague-Dawley rats were treated with L. casei 431 for 10 weeks, and the outcomes were compared with those of rats treated with the antiobesity medication orlistat. Body weights, epididymal fat, and tissues from mice were assessed. Furthermore, serological and histological analyses were performed. Epididymal fat accumulation was significantly reduced in groups administered L. casei 431 and orlistat. Furthermore, L. casei 431 and orlistat treatments lowered serum alanine transaminase, aspartate aminotransferase, and triglyceride (TG) levels. Hematoxylin and eosin staining of the liver and epididymal adipose tissues showed that the L. casei 431-treated groups exhibited reduced lipid buildup and adipocyte size. Furthermore, sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1c, adipose TG lipase, and lipoprotein lipase messenger RNA (mRNA) levels were upregulated, leading to lipid oxidation and degradation, in L. casei 431-supplemented groups. Furthermore, carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1, a major factor in lipolysis, was consistently upregulated at the protein level after L. casei 431 administration. Collectively, these results demonstrate the potential of L. casei 431 in alleviating obesity in rats through optimizing lipid metabolism and some related biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Jeong Shin
- Functional Food Evaluation Team, Technical Assistance Department, The Food Industry Promotional Agency of Korea, Iksan, Korea
| | - Jung-Min Bae
- Functional Food Evaluation Team, Technical Assistance Department, The Food Industry Promotional Agency of Korea, Iksan, Korea
| | - Hye-Rin Cho
- Functional Food Evaluation Team, Technical Assistance Department, The Food Industry Promotional Agency of Korea, Iksan, Korea
| | - Patience Mahoro
- Functional Food Evaluation Team, Technical Assistance Department, The Food Industry Promotional Agency of Korea, Iksan, Korea
- Department of Food Science, Human Nutrition and Obesity Research Center, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Korea
| | | | | | - Min-Jung Bae
- Functional Food Evaluation Team, Technical Assistance Department, The Food Industry Promotional Agency of Korea, Iksan, Korea
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Yang M, Lee U, Cho HR, Lee KB, Shin YJ, Bae MJ, Park KY. Effects of Pear Extracts on Microbiome and Immunocytokines to Alleviate Air Pollution-Related Respiratory Hypersensitivity. J Med Food 2023; 26:211-214. [PMID: 36856473 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2022.k.0117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Pears are ancient functional foods for modern times. Particularly, Korean pears (Pyrus pyrifolia cv.) have been used as folk medicine for respiratory diseases and have strong potential for the treatment of hazardous aerosol-related diseases. Thus, the effects of pear ethanol extracts on air pollution-related respiratory hypersensitivity were studied by toxicokinetics, pro-inflammatory cytokines, and microbiomics in preclinical and randomized double-blind clinical studies. The mild-asthma subjects, who lived in the same city, Seoul, Korea, were separated into the placebo and the treatment (pear extracts, as brix 55; arbutin 5.01 mg and chlorogenic acid 0.18 mg/3 mL per day) groups for 4 weeks (n = 20). As results, there were positive associations between urinary 2-naphthol (NT) or 1-hydroxypyrene (OHP), exposure biomarkers for polyaromatic hydrocarbons in PM2.5, and pro-inflammatory cytokines, interleukin (IL)-4 or IgE, respectively, in the human subjects. The pear extracts somewhat reduced 2-NT and 1-OHP levels. The proportions of fiber-degrading bacteria that stimulate growth of beneficial microflora for immune defense, that is, Bifidobacterium and Eubacterium, were significantly higher in the pear consuming group than in the placebo group. Moreover, pro-inflammatory cytokines, including IgE, IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13, were significantly suppressed by the pear extracts in the preclinical tests of the ovalbumin-induced asthma mice. Thus, we suggest that air pollution-related respiratory hypersensitivity can be alleviated by Korean pear extracts by modulation of microbiome and immunocytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihi Yang
- Department of Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Unjae Lee
- Department of R & D, Goodbeing Co. Ltd., Seoul, Korea
| | - Hye-Rin Cho
- Technical Assistance Department Functional Food Evaluation Team, the Food Industry Promotional Agency of Korea, Iksan, Korea
| | - Kyung Bae Lee
- Technical Assistance Department Functional Food Evaluation Team, the Food Industry Promotional Agency of Korea, Iksan, Korea
| | - Yun Jeoung Shin
- Technical Assistance Department Functional Food Evaluation Team, the Food Industry Promotional Agency of Korea, Iksan, Korea
| | - Min-Jung Bae
- Technical Assistance Department Functional Food Evaluation Team, the Food Industry Promotional Agency of Korea, Iksan, Korea
| | - Kun-Young Park
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Cha University, Seongnam, South Korea
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Jung YJ, Kim HS, Jaygal G, Cho HR, Lee KB, Song IB, Kim JH, Kwak MS, Han KH, Bae MJ, Sung MH. Postbiotics Enhance NK Cell Activation in Stress-Induced Mice through Gut Microbiome Regulation. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 32:612-620. [PMID: 35283424 PMCID: PMC9628878 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.2111.11027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies have revealed that probiotics and their metabolites are present under various conditions; however, the role of probiotic metabolites (i.e., postbiotics in pathological states) is controversial. Natural killer (NK) cells play a key role in innate and adaptive immunity. In this study, we examined NK cell activation influenced by a postbiotics mixture in response to gut microbiome modulation in stress-induced mice. In vivo activation of NK cells increased in the postbiotics mixture treatment group in accordance with Th1/Th2 expression level. Meanwhile, the Red Ginseng treatment group, a reference group, showed very little expression of NK cell activation. Moreover, the postbiotics mixture treatment group in particular changed the gut microbiome composition. Although the exact role of the postbiotics mixture in regulating the immune system of stress-induced mice remains unclear, the postbiotics mixture-induced NK cell activation might have affected gut microbiome modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye-Jin Jung
- Department of R&D Research Center, KookminBio Corporation, Seoul 02826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Seok Kim
- Department of R&D Research Center, KookminBio Corporation, Seoul 02826, Republic of Korea
| | - Gunn Jaygal
- Department of R&D Research Center, KookminBio Corporation, Seoul 02826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Rin Cho
- Technical Assistance Department (R&D Department), The Food Industrial Promotional Agency of Korea, Iksan 54576, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung bae Lee
- Technical Assistance Department (R&D Department), The Food Industrial Promotional Agency of Korea, Iksan 54576, Republic of Korea
| | - In-bong Song
- Technical Assistance Department (R&D Department), The Food Industrial Promotional Agency of Korea, Iksan 54576, Republic of Korea,Osstem Implant Co., Ltd., Bio R&D Center, Seoul 07789, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Hoon Kim
- Department of Bio and Fermentation Convergence Technology, Kookmin University, Seoul 02707, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Sun Kwak
- Department of Bio and Fermentation Convergence Technology, Kookmin University, Seoul 02707, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Ho Han
- Department of R&D Research Center, KookminBio Corporation, Seoul 02826, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Jung Bae
- Technical Assistance Department (R&D Department), The Food Industrial Promotional Agency of Korea, Iksan 54576, Republic of Korea,
M.J. Bae Phone: +82- 63-720-0540 E-mail:
| | - Moon-Hee Sung
- Department of R&D Research Center, KookminBio Corporation, Seoul 02826, Republic of Korea,Department of Bio and Fermentation Convergence Technology, Kookmin University, Seoul 02707, Republic of Korea,Corresponding authors M.H. Sung Phone: +82-2-910-4808 Fax: +82-22-910-5739 E-mail:
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Paje LA, Choi J, Lee HD, Kim J, Yu A, Bae MJ, Geraldino PJL, Lee S. Phenolic acids and flavonoids from Salvia plebeia and HPLC-UV profiling of four Salvia species. Heliyon 2022; 8:e09046. [PMID: 35287319 PMCID: PMC8917293 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e09046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2021] [Revised: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We isolated and purified phenolic acids and flavonoids from the ethanolic extract of Salvia plebeia using silica gel and a Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography. Spectroscopy revealed the isolated compounds were caffeic acid, rosmarinic acid, hispidulin, luteolin, jaceosidin, nepitrin, homoplantaginin, 6-hydroxyluteolin 7-O-glucoside, 6-methoxynaringenin 7-O-glucoside, naasanone, and cosmosiin. Quantitative analyses, using high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with UV (HPLC-UV), revealed that the major flavonoid from S. plebeia was 6-hydroxyluteolin 7-O-glucoside (100.63 mg/g) and the most abundant phenolic acid was rosmarinic acid (47.73 mg/g). Furthermore, among four other Salvia species, S. officinalis contained the highest overall phenolic acid and flavonoid level but these were still lower than S. plebeia. These results can help assess the potential of phenolic acids and flavonoids as potent sources of pharmacological ingredients from different Salvia species extracts.
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Bae MJ, Choi J, Kim HK, Lim S, Kim S. PG201 protects mice from experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis via suppression of effector T cell activation. Phytomedicine 2018; 43:150-157. [PMID: 29747748 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2018.04.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Revised: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND PG201 is a botanical formulation, approved as an ethical drug (ETC) phytomedicine for treatment of patients with osteoarthritis in Korea, following satisfactory phase II and phase III studies. This phytomedicine was previously been shown to possess significant anti-inflammatory activities, presumably via the control of Th1 and Th17 cells in animal models and in vitro cell culture systems. PURPOSE In this study, the possibility of using PG201 to treat multiple sclerosis was explored. METHODS In vitro, the effect of PG201 on the differentiation of CD4+ T cells was investigated. To test the effects of PG201 in vivo, a mouse experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) model was used. RESULTS It was found that PG201 treatment decreased the frequency of both CD4+T-bet+ and CD4+RORγt+T cells. In addition, the production of interferon- gamma (IFN-γ) and interleukin-17 (IL-17) from respective Th cells was highly reduced. The data from western blots showed that the amount of phosphorylated c-Jun, but not that of p65, was decreased by PG201. Consistently, the level of luciferase activity was downregulated by PG201 in activator protein 1 (AP-1) reporter plasmid assays. In mice pretreated with PG201, the day of onset was delayed and clinical symptoms of EAE were significantly improved in a dose-dependent manner. Consistent with these results, the number of infiltrated cells and the expression level of pro-inflammatory molecules were decreased. CONCLUSION These findings indicate that PG201 may exert strong immunomodulatory effects in the EAE model via suppression of T cell activation, and that PG201 is a therapeutic reagent for the treatment of multiple sclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Jung Bae
- Institutes of Entrepreneurial BioConvergence, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinyong Choi
- School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Keun Kim
- School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Seonung Lim
- School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunyoung Kim
- Institutes of Entrepreneurial BioConvergence, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea; School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea; ViroMed Co., Ltd., Republic of Korea.
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Bae MJ, Lim S, Lee DS, Ko KR, Lee W, Kim S. Water soluble extracts from Actinidia arguta, PG102, attenuates house dust mite-induced murine atopic dermatitis by inhibiting the mTOR pathway with Treg generation. J Ethnopharmacol 2016; 193:96-106. [PMID: 27496579 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2015] [Revised: 07/01/2016] [Accepted: 08/02/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Actinidia arguta is widespread in northeastern Asia, being found in Siberia, Korea, Japan, and northern China. These fruits have been documented to regulate the uncontrolled heat of body resulting in various allergic diseases in the Korean traditional medicine. PG102, a water-soluble extract from an edible fruit, A. arguta, has been previously shown to control various factors involved in allergic pathogenesis. AIM OF THE STUDY In this study, we investigated whether PG102 prevents chronic allergic reactions via the generation of Tregs, which play a preventive role in the pathogenesis of allergic disease. METHODS AND RESULTS In dust mite extract-induced chronic atopic dermatitis, orally administered PG102 inhibited symptoms of dermatitis, including ear swelling and erythema, and decreased lymphocyte infiltration into the inflamed region. Moreover, PG102 reduced inflammatory T cell responses and increased the expression levels of Foxp3 and other Treg-related genes. PG102 treatment enhanced the induction of CD4+Foxp3+ Tregs from naive CD4+CD62L+ T cells, probably via the inhibition of mTOR activation and the phosphorylation of STAT5 rather than using the TGF-β signaling pathway. CONCLUSION PG102 may have potential as an orally active immunosuppressor for preventing chronic inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Jung Bae
- Institutes of Entrepreneurial BioConvergence, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Seonung Lim
- Laboratory of Virology, School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Kyoung Ryang Ko
- Laboratory of Virology, School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Wonwoo Lee
- Laboratory of Virology, School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunyoung Kim
- Institutes of Entrepreneurial BioConvergence, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea; Laboratory of Virology, School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea; ViroMed Co., Ltd., Republic of Korea.
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Bae MJ, Kim HK, Lim S, Lee SY, Shin HS, Kim JE, Im SH, Kim S. Lactobacillus pentosus KF340 alleviates house dust mite-induced murine atopic dermatitis via the secretion of IL-10-producing splenic B10 cells. J Funct Foods 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2016.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
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Shin HS, See HJ, Jung SY, Choi DW, Kwon DA, Bae MJ, Sung KS, Shon DH. Turmeric (Curcuma longa) attenuates food allergy symptoms by regulating type 1/type 2 helper T cells (Th1/Th2) balance in a mouse model of food allergy. J Ethnopharmacol 2015; 175:21-29. [PMID: 26342520 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2015.08.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2015] [Revised: 08/20/2015] [Accepted: 08/25/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Turmeric (Curcuma longa) has traditionally been used to treat pain, fever, allergic and inflammatory diseases such as bronchitis, arthritis, and dermatitis. In particular, turmeric and its active component, curcumin, were effective in ameliorating immune disorders including allergies. However, the effects of turmeric and curcumin have not yet been tested on food allergies. MATERIALS AND METHODS Mice were immunized with intraperitoneal ovalbumin (OVA) and alum. The mice were orally challenged with 50mg OVA, and treated with turmeric extract (100mg/kg), curcumin (3mg/kg or 30 mg/kg) for 16 days. Food allergy symptoms including decreased rectal temperature, diarrhea, and anaphylaxis were evaluated. In addition, cytokines, immunoglobulins, and mouse mast cell protease-1 (mMCP-1) were evaluated using ELISA. RESULTS Turmeric significantly attenuated food allergy symptoms (decreased rectal temperature and anaphylactic response) induced by OVA, but curcumin showed weak improvement. Turmeric also inhibited IgE, IgG1, and mMCP-1 levels increased by OVA. Turmeric reduced type 2 helper cell (Th2)-related cytokines and enhanced a Th1-related cytokine. Turmeric ameliorated OVA-induced food allergy by maintaining Th1/Th2 balance. Furthermore, turmeric was confirmed anti-allergic effect through promoting Th1 responses on Th2-dominant immune responses in immunized mice. CONCLUSION Turmeric significantly ameliorated food allergic symptoms in a mouse model of food allergy. The turmeric as an anti-allergic agent showed immune regulatory effects through maintaining Th1/Th2 immune balance, whereas curcumin appeared immune suppressive effects. Therefore, we suggest that administration of turmeric including various components may be useful to ameliorate Th2-mediated allergic disorders such as food allergy, atopic dermatitis, and asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee Soon Shin
- Korea Food Research Institute, 1201-62, Anyangpangyo-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Kyeonggi-do 463-746, Republic of Korea; Food Biotechnology Program, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 305-350, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Jeong See
- Korea Food Research Institute, 1201-62, Anyangpangyo-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Kyeonggi-do 463-746, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Young Jung
- Korea Food Research Institute, 1201-62, Anyangpangyo-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Kyeonggi-do 463-746, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Woon Choi
- Korea Food Research Institute, 1201-62, Anyangpangyo-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Kyeonggi-do 463-746, Republic of Korea
| | - Da-Ae Kwon
- Korea Food Research Institute, 1201-62, Anyangpangyo-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Kyeonggi-do 463-746, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Jung Bae
- Institutes of Entrepreneurial BioConvergence, School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Gwanak-Gu, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Seung Sung
- Korea Food Research Institute, 1201-62, Anyangpangyo-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Kyeonggi-do 463-746, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Hwa Shon
- Korea Food Research Institute, 1201-62, Anyangpangyo-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Kyeonggi-do 463-746, Republic of Korea; Food Biotechnology Program, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 305-350, Republic of Korea.
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Son Y, Heo K, Bae MJ, Lee CG, Cho WS, Kim SD, Yang K, Shin IS, Lee MY, Kim JS. Injury to the blood-testis barrier after low-dose-rate chronic radiation exposure in mice. Radiat Prot Dosimetry 2015; 167:316-320. [PMID: 25948832 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncv270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to ionising radiation induces male infertility, accompanied by increasing permeability of the blood-testis barrier. However, the effect on male fertility by low-dose-rate chronic radiation has not been investigated. In this study, the effects of low-dose-rate chronic radiation on male mice were investigated by measuring the levels of tight-junction-associated proteins (ZO-1 and occludin-1), Niemann-Pick disease type 2 protein (NPC-2) and antisperm antibody (AsAb) in serum. BALB/c mice were exposed to low-dose-rate radiation (3.49 mGy h(-1)) for total exposures of 0.02 (6 h), 0.17 (2 d) and 1.7 Gy (21 d). Based on histological examination, the diameter and epithelial depth of seminiferous tubules were significantly decreased in 1.7-Gy-irradiated mice. Compared with those of the non-irradiated group, 1.7-Gy-irradiated mice showed significantly decreased ZO-1, occludin-1 and NPC-2 protein levels, accompanied with increased serum AsAb levels. These results suggest potential blood-testis barrier injury and immune infertility in male mice exposed to low-dose-rate chronic radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Son
- Research Center, Dongnam Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences (DIRAMS), Jwadong-gil 40, Gijang-gun, Busan 619-953, South Korea
| | - K Heo
- Research Center, Dongnam Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences (DIRAMS), Jwadong-gil 40, Gijang-gun, Busan 619-953, South Korea
| | - M J Bae
- Research Center, Dongnam Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences (DIRAMS), Jwadong-gil 40, Gijang-gun, Busan 619-953, South Korea
| | - C G Lee
- Research Center, Dongnam Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences (DIRAMS), Jwadong-gil 40, Gijang-gun, Busan 619-953, South Korea
| | - W S Cho
- Research Center, Dongnam Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences (DIRAMS), Jwadong-gil 40, Gijang-gun, Busan 619-953, South Korea
| | - S D Kim
- Research Center, Dongnam Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences (DIRAMS), Jwadong-gil 40, Gijang-gun, Busan 619-953, South Korea
| | - K Yang
- Research Center, Dongnam Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences (DIRAMS), Jwadong-gil 40, Gijang-gun, Busan 619-953, South Korea
| | - I S Shin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - M Y Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - J S Kim
- Research Center, Dongnam Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences (DIRAMS), Jwadong-gil 40, Gijang-gun, Busan 619-953, South Korea College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea
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Shin HS, Bae MJ, Jung SY, See HJ, Kim YT, Do JR, Back SY, Choi SW, Shon DH. Enhancing Effect of Trachelogenin from Trachelospermi caulis Extract on Intestinal Barrier Function. Biol Pharm Bull 2015; 38:1707-13. [PMID: 26268064 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b15-00332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Trachelospermi caulis is used widely as an herbal medicine in oriental countries to attenuate fever and pain. We wished to reveal the novel function of this herb and its active component on barrier function in intestinal epithelial cells. Monolayers of intestinal epithelial cells (Caco-2) were used to evaluate the transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) and quantity of permeated ovalbumin (OVA) as indices of barrier function. T. caulis increased TEER values on cell monolayers and decreased OVA permeation across cell monolayers. To ascertain the active component of T. caulis, the extract was isolated to five fractions, and the effect of each of these fractions on intestinal barrier function examined. Chloroform and ethyl acetate fractions showed increased TEER values and decreased OVA flux. Chloroform and ethyl acetate fractions contained mainly trachelogenin and its glycoside, tracheloside. Trachelogenin increased TEER values and decreased OVA flux by enhancing the tight-junction protein occludin (but not tracheloside) in Caco-2 monolayers. These findings demonstrated that trachelogenin, an active component of T. caulis, might help to attenuate food allergy or inflammatory bowel disease through inhibition of allergen permeation or enhancement of the intestinal barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee Soon Shin
- Division of Creative Food Science for Health, Korea Food Research Institute
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Shin HS, Satsu H, Bae MJ, Zhao Z, Ogiwara H, Totsuka M, Shimizu M. Anti-inflammatory effect of chlorogenic acid on the IL-8 production in Caco-2 cells and the dextran sulphate sodium-induced colitis symptoms in C57BL/6 mice. Food Chem 2014; 168:167-75. [PMID: 25172696 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.06.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2013] [Revised: 05/28/2014] [Accepted: 06/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Chlorogenic acid (CHA) is an antioxidant polyphenol prevalent in human diet, with coffee, fruits, and vegetables being its main source. Effects of CHA and CHA metabolites were evaluated on the IL-8 production in human intestinal Caco-2 cells induced by combined stimulation with tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) and H2O2. CHA and caffeic acid (CA) inhibited TNFα- and H2O2-induced IL-8 production. We also examined the in vivo effects of CHA and CA using dextran sulphate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis in mice. CHA attenuated DSS-induced body weight loss, diarrhea, fecal blood, and shortening of colon and dramatically improved colitis histological scores. Furthermore, increases in the mRNA expression of colonic macrophage inflammatory protein 2 and IL-1β, which were induced by DSS, were significantly suppressed by CHA supplementation. These results suggest that dietary CHA use may aid in the prevention of intestinal inflammatory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee Soon Shin
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Functional Materials Research Group, Division of Metabolism and Functionality Research, Korea Food Research Institute, Republic of Korea
| | - Hideo Satsu
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Engineering, Maebashi Institute of Technology, Gunma, Japan.
| | - Min-Jung Bae
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Institute for Basic Science, School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Zhaohui Zhao
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Haru Ogiwara
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mamoru Totsuka
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Makoto Shimizu
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Nutritional Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Tokyo, Japan
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Shin HS, Bae MJ, Jung SY, Shon DH. Preventive effects of skullcap (Scutellaria baicalensis) extract in a mouse model of food allergy. J Ethnopharmacol 2014; 153:667-673. [PMID: 24637193 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2014.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2013] [Revised: 03/04/2014] [Accepted: 03/09/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Food allergy, which accompanies acute symptoms such as pruritus, vomiting, diarrhea, and lethal anaphylactic shock is an increasing clinical problem. Skullcap (Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi) has been widely used as a traditional herbal medicine to treat inflammation, cancer, and allergy, but its effects in treating food allergy are not yet known. MATERIALS AND METHODS To examine the effect of skullcap on food allergy, female BALB/c mice were sensitized with 20 μg OVA and 2mg alum by intraperitoneal injection on day 0. From day 17, mice were orally challenged with OVA (50 mg) in saline every 3 days, for a total of six times. To investigate the preventive effect, skullcap (25 mg/kg) was orally administered every day from day 17 to 34. RESULTS Food allergy symptoms were evaluated by the criteria for diarrhea, anaphylactic response, and rectal temperature. Severe symptoms of food allergy were observed in the sham group (diarrhea, 3 points; anaphylactic response, 2.6 points; rectal temperature, -8.36 °C. In contrast, the skullcap treatment group had a significantly suppressed OVA-induced anaphylactic response (1.3 points) and rectal temperature (-4.76°C). Moreover, both OVA-specific IgE, Th17 cytokine (IL-17), and Th2-related cytokines (IL-4, IL-5, IL-10, and IL-13), which increased with food allergy, were significantly inhibited by skullcap treatment. CONCLUSION We demonstrate that the administration of skullcap attenuates OVA-induced food allergy symptoms through regulating systemic immune responses of Th cells. These results indicate that skullcap may be a potential candidate as a preventive agent for food allergy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee Soon Shin
- Korea Food Research Institute, 1201-62, Anyangpangyo-ro, Bundang-gu, Seognam-si, Kyeonggi-do 463-746, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Jung Bae
- Korea Food Research Institute, 1201-62, Anyangpangyo-ro, Bundang-gu, Seognam-si, Kyeonggi-do 463-746, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Young Jung
- Korea Food Research Institute, 1201-62, Anyangpangyo-ro, Bundang-gu, Seognam-si, Kyeonggi-do 463-746, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Hwa Shon
- Korea Food Research Institute, 1201-62, Anyangpangyo-ro, Bundang-gu, Seognam-si, Kyeonggi-do 463-746, Republic of Korea.
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Bae M, Kim D, Cho SY, Lim J. Effect of Cosurfactant on Solubilization of Hydrocarbon Oils by Pluronic L64 Nonionic Surfactant Solution. Korean Chemical Engineering Research 2014. [DOI: 10.9713/kcer.2014.52.2.219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Shin HS, Bae MJ, Choi DW, Shon DH. Skullcap (Scutellaria baicalensis) extract and its active compound, wogonin, inhibit ovalbumin-induced Th2-mediated response. Molecules 2014; 19:2536-45. [PMID: 24566319 PMCID: PMC6271178 DOI: 10.3390/molecules19022536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2014] [Revised: 02/10/2014] [Accepted: 02/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Skullcap (Scutellaria baicalensis) has been widely used as a dietary ingredient and traditional herbal medicine owing to its anti-inflammatory and anticancer properties. In this study, we investigated the anti-allergic effects of skullcap and its active compounds, focusing on T cell-mediated responses ex vivo and in vivo. Splenocytes from mice sensitized with ovalbumin (OVA) were isolated for analyses of cytokine production and cell viability. Mice sensitized with OVA were orally administered skullcap or wogonin for 16 days, and then immunoglobulin (Ig) and cytokine levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Treatment with skullcap significantly inhibited interleukin (IL)-4 production without reduction of cell viability. Moreover, wogonin, but not baicalin and baicalein, suppressed IL-4 and interferon-gamma production. In vivo, skullcap and wogonin downregulated OVA-induced Th2 immune responses, especially IgE and IL-5 prediction. Wogonin as an active component of skullcap may be applied as a therapeutic agent for IgE- and IL-5-mediated allergic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee Soon Shin
- Division of Metabolism & Functionality Research, Korea Food Research Institute, 1201-62, Anyangpangyo-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do 463-746, Korea.
| | - Min-Jung Bae
- Division of Metabolism & Functionality Research, Korea Food Research Institute, 1201-62, Anyangpangyo-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do 463-746, Korea.
| | - Dae Woon Choi
- Division of Metabolism & Functionality Research, Korea Food Research Institute, 1201-62, Anyangpangyo-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do 463-746, Korea.
| | - Dong-Hwa Shon
- Division of Metabolism & Functionality Research, Korea Food Research Institute, 1201-62, Anyangpangyo-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do 463-746, Korea.
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Bae MJ, Shin HS, See HJ, Chai OH, Shon DH. Cheonggukjang ethanol extracts inhibit a murine allergic asthma via suppression of mast cell-dependent anaphylactic reactions. J Med Food 2014; 17:142-9. [PMID: 24456365 PMCID: PMC3901352 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2013.2997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2013] [Accepted: 12/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cheonggukjang (CGJ), a traditional Korean fermented soybean food, exerts immunomodulatory effects. Asthma is the most common chronic allergic disease to be associated with immune response to environmental allergens. In the pathogenesis of asthma, histamine is one of the important inflammatory mediators released from granules of mast cells. In this study, we evaluated the therapeutic effect of CGJ on a mouse model of ovalbumin (OVA)-induced asthma via the suppression of histamine release. C57BL/6 mice were sensitized by intraperitoneal injection of OVA or a phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) control and then challenged with OVA inhalation. Mice were treated intraperitoneally with either 70% ethanol-extracted CGJ (CGJE) (100 mg/kg/day) or equivalent PBS. Asthma-related inflammation was assessed by bronchoalveolar lavage fluid cell counts and histopathological and immunohistochemical analysis of lung tissues. To elucidate the mechanisms of asthma inhibition by CGJE treatment, we also examined degranulation and histamine release of compound 48/80-induced rat peritoneal mast cells (RPMCs). Treatment with CGJE downregulated the number of eosinophils and monocytes in the lungs of mice challenged with OVA and suppressed histopathological changes, such as eosinophil infiltration, mucus accumulation, goblet cell hyperplasia, and collagen fiber deposits. Moreover, CGJE alleviated compound 48/80-induced mast cell degranulation and histamine release from RPMCs through inhibition of calcium (Ca²⁺) uptake as well as ear swelling by infiltration of inflammatory cells. These findings demonstrated that CGJE can be used as an antiasthmatic dietary supplements candidate for histamine-mediated asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Jung Bae
- Division of Metabolism and Functionality Research, Korea Food Research Institute, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
- Institute for Basic Science, School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Soon Shin
- Division of Metabolism and Functionality Research, Korea Food Research Institute, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Jeong See
- Division of Metabolism and Functionality Research, Korea Food Research Institute, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Ok Hee Chai
- Department of Anatomy, Medical School and Institute for Medical Sciences, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Hwa Shon
- Division of Metabolism and Functionality Research, Korea Food Research Institute, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
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Bae MJ, Shin HS, Chai OH, Han JG, Shon DH. Inhibitory effect of unicellular green algae (Chlorella vulgaris) water extract on allergic immune response. J Sci Food Agric 2013; 93:3133-3136. [PMID: 23426977 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.6114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2013] [Revised: 02/06/2013] [Accepted: 02/20/2013] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chlorella is used as a functional food in East Asia and has been shown to enhance immune system function. However, there has been no direct evidence of the suppressive effect of a hot water extract of Chlorella vulgaris (CVE) on histamine-mediated allergic responses. RESULTS The antihistamine activity of CVE was analysed using rat peritoneal mast cells (RPMCs) stimulated by compound 48/80. For in vivo verification, ovalbumin (OVA)-immunised BALB/c mice were treated with CVE orally. Serum immunoglobulin E (IgE) levels and splenocyte cytokine levels were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). CVE prevented histamine release through degranulation of mast cells by blocking the uptake of extracellular Ca²⁺ into RPMCs. Moreover, CVE administration inhibited serum IgE overproduction by OVA via induction of T helper 1 (Th1) skewing that was dependent on interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and interleukin 12 (IL-12) secretion. CONCLUSION The results of this study clearly demonstrate that CVE acts as an antiallergic dietary agent by suppressing histamine release via its enhancive effect on Th1-related responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Jung Bae
- Division of Metabolism and Functionality Research, Korea Food Research Institute, 1201-62, Anyangpangyo-ro, Bundang-gu, Seognam-si, Kyeonggi-do, 463-746, Republic of Korea
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Bae MJ, Shin HS, Kim EK, Kim J, Shon DH. Oral administration of chitin and chitosan prevents peanut-induced anaphylaxis in a murine food allergy model. Int J Biol Macromol 2013; 61:164-8. [PMID: 23806320 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2013.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2012] [Revised: 06/03/2013] [Accepted: 06/17/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Peanut allergy is IgE-mediated type-I hypersensitivity, and T helper 2 cytokines are central to those pathogenesis. We investigated the effects of the administration of chitin and chitosan on peanut-induced hypersensitivities in mouse food allergy models. Chitin and chitosan protected mice against peanut-induced anaphylaxis reactions, and the peanut-specific IgE production decreased by up to 47% with the administration of β-chitosan. The levels of IL-5, IL-13, and IL-10 were significantly suppressed in all groups (α-chitin≥β-chitin≥β-chitosan). These results suggested that the administration of chitin and chitosan from by-products of food processing are beneficial for the prevention of food allergies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Jung Bae
- Division of Metabolism & Functionality Research, Korea Food Research Institute, 1201-62, Anyangpangyo-ro, Bundang-gu, Seognam-si, Kyeonggi-do 463-746, Republic of Korea
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Shin HS, Bae MJ, Jung SY, Shon DH. Inhibitory effect of skullcap (Scutellaria baicalensis) extract on ovalbumin permeation in vitro and in vivo. Food Chem 2013; 140:22-30. [PMID: 23578610 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.01.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2012] [Revised: 12/07/2012] [Accepted: 01/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi (skullcap) has been widely used as a dietary ingredient. The purpose of this study was to reveal novel function of skullcap and its mechanism on allergen permeation in intestinal epithelial cells. Intestinal epithelial Caco-2 cell monolayers were used to evaluate the inhibitory effect of skullcap on ovalbumin (OVA) permeation by measuring transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) and the quantity of permeated OVA. TEER increased and the OVA flux decreased in a dose-dependent manner through up-regulating tight junction-related proteins in cells incubated with increasing concentrations of skullcap extract. In the in vivo study, the amounts of OVA from orally ingested albumen reduced on administration of the skullcap extract. We also revealed for the first time that the active component of skullcap extract for inhibition of OVA permeation was baicalein. These findings demonstrated that skullcap extract might attenuate a food allergic response by inhibiting allergen permeation in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee Soon Shin
- Korea Food Research Institute, 1201-62, Anyangpangyo-ro, Bundang-gu, Seognam-si, Kyeonggi-do 463-746, Republic of Korea
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Bae MJ, Shin HS, Choi DW, Shon DH. Antiallergic effect of Trigonella foenum-graecum L. extracts on allergic skin inflammation induced by trimellitic anhydride in BALB/c mice. J Ethnopharmacol 2012; 144:514-522. [PMID: 23036811 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2012.09.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2012] [Revised: 09/04/2012] [Accepted: 09/20/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) has a wide variety of therapeutic properties for allergic and inflammatory diseases and is used as a traditional functional food, but its antiallergenic mechanism in these diseases is yet to be clearly elucidated. AIM In the present study, we investigated the antiallergic activity of fenugreek extract using trimellitic anhydride (TMA)-induced contact hypersensitivity (CHS) mice in vivo and ovalbumin (OVA)-immunized BALB/c mice ex vivo as represented model of T-helper (Th) 2-induced allergy. MATERIALS AND METHODS BALB/c mice were administered 250 mg/kg body weight (BW) of fenugreek extract for 7 days after sensitization and challenge treatment with 2-5% TMA. Ear thickness were noted, and the infiltration of eosinophils and mast cells was investigated by hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and toluidine blue (TB) staining. The supernatants from homogenized ear and splenocytes were used for cytokine determination using ELISA. In addition, splenocytes from OVA-immunized BALB/c mice were treated with fenugreek extract ex vivo. The levels of cytokines present in the supernatants were determined by ELISA. The mRNA expression of T-box transcription factor 21 gene (T-bet), GATA-binding protein 3 (GATA-3), interferon (IFN)-γ, and interleukin (IL)-4 were evaluated by real-time RT-PCR. RESULTS Fenugreek extract was found to reduce ear thickness as well as the infiltration of eosinophils and mast cells. In homogenized ear, the production of IL-4, IL-5, IL-13, and IL-1β was suppressed. To determine the mechanism by which fenugreek extract inhibits allergic skin inflammation, detailed studies were conducted revealing that fenugreek extract prevented differentiation into Th2 cells in the splenocytes of OVA-induced allergic mice, resulting from suppressing the secretion of IL-4 and mRNA expression of GATA-3, an IL-4 transcription factor. In earlier phase, these extracts enhanced the secretion of IFN-γ, the mRNA expression of T-bet, an IFN-γ transcription factor, and the number of IFN-γ-producing CD4(+) T cells. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that fenugreek extract cures Th2-induced allergic skin inflammation by enhancing Th1 differentiation. These data suggest that fenugreek extracts may prove to be an useful therapeutic agent on allergic inflammatory diseases as traditional use as well as Th2-mediated allergic response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Jung Bae
- Functional Materials Research Group, Division of Metabolism & Functionality Research Korea Food Research Institute, 1201-62, Anyangpangyo-ro, Bundang-gu, Seognam-si, Kyeonggi-do 463-746, Republic of Korea
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Ishii T, Minoda K, Bae MJ, Mori T, Uekusa Y, Ichikawa T, Aihara Y, Furuta T, Wakimoto T, Kan T, Nakayama T. Binding affinity of tea catechins for HSA: Characterization by high-performance affinity chromatography with immobilized albumin column. Mol Nutr Food Res 2009; 54:816-22. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.200900071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Bae MJ, Ishii T, Minoda K, Kawada Y, Ichikawa T, Mori T, Kamihira M, Nakayama T. Albumin stabilizes (-)-epigallocatechin gallate in human serum: binding capacity and antioxidant property. Mol Nutr Food Res 2009; 53:709-15. [PMID: 19437485 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.200800274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
(-)-Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCg) is the major component of green tea and is known to show strong biological activity, although it can be easily oxidized under physiological conditions. In this study, we indicate that EGCg is stable in human serum and that human serum albumin (HSA) stabilizes EGCg under aerobic condition. Although EGCg is usually decomposed within 1 h in aqueous solution at neutral pH, EGCg in serum and phosphate buffer (pH 7.4) containing HSA was stable over 1 h, even at neutral and slightly alkaline pH. Under these conditions, EGCg binds to HSA non-covalently. The sulfhydryl group acts as an antioxidant for EGCg oxidation. Incubation of EGCg with HSA is accompanied by the oxidation of a free sulfhydryl group in HSA. These results suggest that the antioxidant property and the binding capacity of HSA contribute to the stabilization of EGCg in human serum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Jung Bae
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, and Global COE Program, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan
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Kubo S, Nakayama T, Furutani-Seiki M, Kishimoto H, Hashimoto K, Bae MJ, Yokochi T, Takeda N, Aizawa S, Asano Y. A novel form of self tolerance dictated in the thymus of transgenic mice with autoreactive TCR alpha and beta chain genes. Int Immunol 1994; 6:593-602. [PMID: 8018599 DOI: 10.1093/intimm/6.4.593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Transgenic (TG) mice with TCR alpha and beta chain genes from a CD4-dependent auto-I-Ak reactive T cell clone were generated. H-2k TG mice had a large number of thymic and splenic CD4 T cells expressing the autoreactive TCR without manifestation of autoimmunity. The cells were not anergic, as they could respond to autologous antigen presenting cells and anti-TCR antibodies in vitro to proliferate and to produce interleukins. Various degrees of down-regulation of CD2 and CD44 was observed in TG mice, indicating the presence of a defective co-stimulatory process in TG T cells. These features indicate that the self tolerance in autoreactive TCR TG mice is due not to clonal deletion and anergy but to a novel mechanism where T cells cannot sufficiently respond to normally existing self ligand in vivo. That such an in vivo unresponsiveness of autoreactive T cells is dictated in the thymus during CD4 T cell differentiation atypical form of positive selection of autoreactive T cells was suggested by the abnormal surface expression of CD69 and HSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Kubo
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Japan
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