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Lu XX, Hong ZQ, Tan Z, Sui MH, Zhuang ZQ, Liu HH, Zheng XY, Yan TB, Geng DF, Jin DM. Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Alpha7 Subunit Mediates Vagus Nerve Stimulation-Induced Neuroprotection in Acute Permanent Cerebral Ischemia by a7nAchR/JAK2 Pathway. Med Sci Monit 2017; 23:6072-6081. [PMID: 29274273 PMCID: PMC5747934 DOI: 10.12659/msm.907628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The role of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor alpha7 subunit (a7nAchR) in the treatment of acute cerebral ischemia by VNS has not been thoroughly clarified to date. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the specific role of a7nAchR and explore whether this process is involved in the mechanisms of VNS-induced neuroprotection in rats undergoing permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion (PMCAO) surgery. Material/Methods Rats received a7nAChR antagonist (A) or antagonist placebo injection for control (AC), followed by PMCAO and VNS treatment, whereas the a7nAChR agonist (P) was utilized singly without VNS treatment but only with PMCAO pretreatment. The rats were randomly divided into 6 groups: sham PMCAO, PMCAO, PMCAO+VNS, PMCAO+VNS+A, PMCAO+VNS+AC, and PMCAO+P. Neurological function and cerebral infarct volume were measured to evaluate the level of brain injury at 24 h after PMCAO or PMCAO-sham. Moreover, the related proteins levels of a7nAChR, p-JAK2, and p-STAT3 in the ischemic penumbra were assessed by Western blot analysis. Results Rats pretreated with VNS had significantly improved neurological function and reduced cerebral infarct volume after PMCAO injury (p<0.05). In addition, VNS enhanced the levels of a7nAchR, p-JAK2, and p-STAT3 in the ischemic penumbra (p<0.05). However, inhibition of a7nAchR not only attenuated the beneficial neuroprotective effects induced by VNS, but also decreased levels of p-JAK2 and p-STAT3. Strikingly, pharmacological activation of a7nAchR can partially substitute for VNS-induced beneficial neurological protection. Conclusions These results suggest that a7nAchR is a pivotal mediator of VNS-induced neuroprotective effects on PMCAO injury, which may be related to suppressed inflammation via activation of the a7nAchR/JAK2 anti-inflammatory pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Xin Lu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China (mainland).,Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China (mainland)
| | - Zhong-Qiu Hong
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China (mainland)
| | - Zhi Tan
- Department of Physiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China (mainland)
| | - Ming-Hong Sui
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shenzhen Nanshan People's Hospital (The Sixth People's Hospital of Shenzhen), Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China (mainland)
| | - Zhi-Qiang Zhuang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China (mainland).,Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Rehabilitation and Elderly Care, Guangdong, China (mainland)
| | - Hui-Hua Liu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China (mainland).,Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Rehabilitation and Elderly Care, Guangdong, China (mainland)
| | - Xiu-Yuan Zheng
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China (mainland).,Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Rehabilitation and Elderly Care, Guangdong, China (mainland)
| | - Tie-Bin Yan
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China (mainland).,Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Rehabilitation and Elderly Care, Guangdong, China (mainland)
| | - Deng-Feng Geng
- Department of Cardiology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China (mainland)
| | - Dong-Mei Jin
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China (mainland).,Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Rehabilitation and Elderly Care, Guangdong, China (mainland)
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Abstract
Inhaled nitric monoxide (iNO) is increasingly used as a medical treatment for acute respiratory distress syndrome. A course of the existing nitric monoxide (NO) therapy with gas cylinders could cost up to approximately $15,000 for an average of 30.2 h. Moreover, a gas cylinder containing a mixture of N2 and NO may potentially leak NO. The objective of this study is to develop an efficient and cost-effective on-site iNO generation system. In the present setup, NO was generated by using dry air or mixed oxygen/nitrogen (O2/N2) and an AC power source with an output power level of 5-30 W at atmospheric pressure. The simultaneously produced NO2 was eliminated with an ammonium sulfite ((NH4)2SO3) solution. The effects of the O2/N2 ratio, gas flow rate, discharge gap distance, output energy density and electrode structure on NOx concentration and the NO/NO2 ratio are reported. The concentrations of NO and NO2 reached 62 ppm and 3 ppm, respectively, after absorption and dilution at a gas flow rate of 6 L/min. With the present setup, the AC arc discharge produced NOx at a stable concentration for at least 6 h using dry air.
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Affiliation(s)
- S R Li
- Institute of Industrial Ecology and Environment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310028, China
| | - Y F Huang
- Institute of Industrial Ecology and Environment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310028, China
| | - Z Liu
- Institute of Industrial Ecology and Environment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310028, China.
| | - M H Sui
- Center for Cancer Biology and Innovative Therapeutics, Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Diagnosis and Individualized Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Clinical Research Institute, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - J M Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Clean and Efficient Coal-Fired Power Generation and Pollution Control, Nanjing 210033, China
| | - K P Yan
- Institute of Industrial Ecology and Environment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310028, China
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Peng YZ, Gao JF, Wang SY, Sui MH. Use of pH as fuzzy control parameter for nitrification under different alkalinity in SBR process. Water Sci Technol 2003; 47:77-84. [PMID: 12906274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
In order to achieve fuzzy control of nitrification in a Sequencing Batch Reactor (SBR) brewery wastewater was used as the substrate. The effect of alkalinity on pH variation during nitrification was systematically studied, at the same time the variations of DO and ORP were investigated. Alkalinity and pH of the wastewater were adjusted by adding sodium bicarbonate at five levels and sodium hydroxide at two levels. Unadjusted wastewater was also studied. According to the results, variation of pH could be divided into rising type and descending type. When bicarbonate alkalinity was deficient or sufficient, the descending type happened. If alkalinity was deficient, the pH decreasing rate got slower when nitrification nearly stopped; if alkalinity was sufficient, at the end of nitrification pH turned from decrease to increase. This was the most common situation and pH could be used to control the end of nitrification. When alkalinity was excessive, the rising type happened, pH was increasing at nearly a constant rate during and after nitrification and could not be used to control the nitrification time, but if the aeration rate was moderate DO could be used to control the nitrification time. This situation seldom happened. Therefore the variation of pH could not only be used to control the nitrification time but also to judge whether the alkalinity was enough or not. On the basis of this, the fuzzy controller of nitrification in SBR was constructed. When discussing the influence of pH on nitrification rate the composition and concentration of alkalinity must be considered or else the results may be incomprehensive. And to some extent the influence of alkalinity on nitrification rate was more important than pH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Z Peng
- College of Environmental and Energy Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, 100 Pingleyuan, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100022, China.
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Peng YZ, Gao JF, Wang SY, Sui MH. Use pH and ORP as fuzzy control parameters of denitrification in SBR process. Water Sci Technol 2002; 46:131-137. [PMID: 12361001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
In order to achieve fuzzy control of denitrification in a Sequencing Batch Reactor (SBR) brewery wastewater was used as the substrate. The effects of brewery wastewater, sodium acetate, methanol and andogenous carbon source on the relationships between pH, ORP and denitrification were investigated. Also different quantities of brewery wastewater were examined. All the results indicated that the nitrate apex and nitrate knee occurred in the pH and ORP profiles at the end of denitrification. And when carbon was the limiting factor, through comparing the different increasing rate of pH whether the carbon was enough or not could be known, and when the carbon should be added again could be decided. On the basis of this, the fuzzy controller for denitrification in SBR was constructed, and the on-line fuzzy control experiments comparing three methods of carbon addition were carried out. The results showed that continuous carbon addition at a low rate might be the best method, it could not only give higher denitrification rate but also reduce the re-aeration time as much as possible. It appears promising to use pH and ORP as fuzzy control parameters to control the denitrification time and the addition of carbon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Z Peng
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Beijing Polytechnic University, Chaoyang District, PR China.
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Sui MH, Li JC. [The presence of the lymphatic stomata in ovarian bursa of guinea pig and the ultrastructure of ovarian bursa]. Shi Yan Sheng Wu Xue Bao 2001; 34:291-7. [PMID: 12549208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2023]
Abstract
In order to explore its structure and speciality of species, the ovary bursa of guinea pig was studied by using dissecting microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. In this paper, the lymphatic stomata on both internal and external layer of the ovary bursa was frist reported in guinea pig. The results suggested that the stomata in bursa not only provided a pathway to connect the bursal cavity with the lymphatic vessels of bursa and the peritoneal cavity, but also may be involved in the reproduction and local immunity of the ovary. The stomata may play an important role in physiological function of the ovary. At the same time, the structural differences were identified in ovary bursa between guinea pig and golden hamster.
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Affiliation(s)
- M H Sui
- Institute of Cell Biology and Tissue Engineering, Department of Lymphology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310031
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