Experimental and molecular dynamics study into the surfactant effect upon coal wettability

In order to improve the wettability and permeability of coal seams, the water injection efficiency of coal seams has to be boosted, the amount of dust generation has to be reduced, and coal and gas outburst must be prevented, and a surfactant is used to modulate the coal surface wettability. In this work, taking coal samples from Pingdingshan mine in Henan as the research object, their surface chemistry was initially scrutinized and then coal surface engineering via surfactants was inspected by a contact angle test. The coal wettability was ameliorated with surfactants, particularly using the 1 wt% non-ionic surfactant Triton X-100, which elicited a 47% lower contact angle than the raw coal. The surface free energy of the coal sample modified by 1.0 wt% Triton X-100 was increased from 44.51 mN m^-1 to 49.52 mN m^-1. The microstructural characteristics of coal samples allowed leveraging the Wiser model to construct three kinds of surfactant-coal adsorption models to dissect the adsorption configuration of the system. The results indicate that the addition of surfactants increases both the interaction of water with the coal and the diffusion coefficient of water molecules, resulting in the coal surface transformation from hydrophobicity to hydrophilicity. Our current work can provide salutary guidance and reference for coal water injection and dust suppression.

LYMPHATIC SYSTEM MALFORMATIONS IN NOONAN SYNDROME: TWO CASE REPORTS AND IMAGING ANALYSIS

Lymphedema is a well-known complication of Noonan syndrome (NS) but the lymphatic malformations in NS are poorly understood. We report clinical, genetic, and imaging information about a boy and girl with NS and late-onset lower extremity lymphedema. A de novo mission mutation of RIT1 (NM_006912.5) c.246T>A, p.Phe82Leu was identified in the girl, who also showed systemic lymphatic hyperplasia and dysfunction. Magnetic resonance lymphangio-graphy (MRL) of the boy clearly demonstrated segmental dilated and hyperplastic lymphatics with impaired transport function in an affected limb and pelvic region. Indocyanine green lymphography (ICGL) showed delayed and partial enhancement of the lymph vessels in the affected limb but no lymph reflux was detected. No causative mutation was identified in the second case. Lymphoscintigraphy (LSG) failed to show lymph vessels in either of the children. Our study showed that MRL is a reliable and accurate test that can be used to demonstrate morpho-logical and functional defects of the lymphatic system. Moreover, ICGL is sufficiently sensitive to determine the functional condition of peripheral lymph vessels. The combined use of imaging modalities can give an accurate diagnosis of complex lymphatic system anomalies in NS and other syndromic diseases.

[The Research Advancement and Conception of the Deep-underground Medicine]

The 21th century is the century of exploring and utilizing the underground space. In the future, more and more people will spend more and more time living or/and working in the underground space. However,we know little about the effect on the health of human caused by the underground environment. Herein,we systematically put forward the strategic conception of the deep-underground medicine,in order to reveal relative effects and mechanism of the potential factors in the deep underground space on human's physiological and psychological healthy,and to work out the corresponding countermeasures. The original deep-underground medicine includes the following items. ①To model different depth of underground environment according to various parameters (such as temperature,radiation,air pressure, rock,microorganism), and to explore their quantitative character and effects on human health and mechanism. ② To study the psychological change, maintenance of homeostasis and biothythm of organism in the deep underground space. ③ To learn the association between psychological healthy of human and the depth, structure, physical environment and working time of underground space. ④ To investigate the effect of different terrane and lithology on healthy of human and to deliberate their contribution on organism growth. ⑤ To research the character and their mechanism of growth,metabolism,exchange of energy,response of growth, aging and adaptation of cells living in deep underground space. ⑥ To explore the physiological feature,growth of microbiome and it's interaction with host in the deep underground space. ⑦ To develop deep-underground simulation space, the biologically medical technology and equipments. As a research basis,a deep-underground medical lab under a rock thickness of about 1 470 m has been built,which aims to operate the research of the effect on living organism caused by different depth of underground environment.

[Experimental study on different concentration alcohol humidifying oxygen supply improving hypoxia caused by pulmonary edema]

In order to research the best alcoholic concentration in the humidifying bottle when pneumonedema oxygen inhalation, 32 rabbits, divided into 4 groups, are replicated into pneumonedema models using method of rapid transfusion, and given oxygen inhalation with 20%, 50%, 70%, and 90% alcohol as humidifying agent (shortly called alcoholic oxygen). The results are as follows: using 20% alcohol as humidifying agent, the increasing amplitude of blood PaO2 is 147.30% (P < 0.001), the injury to the pulmonary bronchial mucosa and the wall of pulmonary alveoli is slight; using 50% alcohol, the increasing amplitude of blood PaO2 is 39.46% (P < 0.001), the injury to the parts mentioned above exacerbates and bronchiole cavity mucosa has moderate bleeding; using 70% alcohol, the increasing amplitude of blood PaO2 is 21.97% (P < 0.05), pneumorrhagia occurs; using 90% alcohol, the increasing amplitude of blood PaO2 is 94.46% (P < 0.01), a great number of blood cells aggregate inside the pulmonary alveoli and the bronchiole. This study proves that choosing 20% alcohol as humidifying agent has the best result, and as well, the explanation of the mechanism of alcohol suppressing foam, meaning being able to decrease only the surface tension of the foam inside the pulmonary alveoli, is incomprehensive, and the nature of the material itself forming foam has decisive function.