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Lim S, Kwak M, Kang J, Cesaire M, Tang K, Robey RW, Frye WJE, Karim B, Butcher D, Lizak MJ, Dalmage M, Foster B, Nuechterlein N, Eberhart C, Cimino PJ, Gottesman MM, Jackson S. Ibrutinib disrupts blood-tumor barrier integrity and prolongs survival in rodent glioma model. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2024; 12:56. [PMID: 38589905 PMCID: PMC11003129 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-024-01763-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
In malignant glioma, cytotoxic drugs are often inhibited from accessing the tumor site due to the blood-tumor barrier (BTB). Ibrutinib, FDA-approved lymphoma agent, inhibits Bruton tyrosine kinase (BTK) and has previously been shown to independently impair aortic endothelial adhesion and increase rodent glioma model survival in combination with cytotoxic therapy. Yet additional research is required to understand ibrutinib's effect on BTB function. In this study, we detail baseline BTK expression in glioma cells and its surrounding vasculature, then measure endothelial junctional expression/function changes with varied ibrutinib doses in vitro. Rat glioma cells and rodent glioma models were treated with ibrutinib alone (1-10 µM and 25 mg/kg) and in combination with doxil (10-100 µM and 3 mg/kg) to assess additive effects on viability, drug concentrations, tumor volume, endothelial junctional expression and survival. We found that ibrutinib, in a dose-dependent manner, decreased brain endothelial cell-cell adhesion over 24 h, without affecting endothelial cell viability (p < 0.005). Expression of tight junction gene and protein expression was decreased maximally 4 h after administration, along with inhibition of efflux transporter, ABCB1, activity. We demonstrated an additive effect of ibrutinib with doxil on rat glioma cells, as seen by a significant reduction in cell viability (p < 0.001) and increased CNS doxil concentration in the brain (56 ng/mL doxil alone vs. 74.6 ng/mL combination, p < 0.05). Finally, Ibrutinib, combined with doxil, prolonged median survival in rodent glioma models (27 vs. 16 days, p < 0.0001) with brain imaging showing a - 53% versus - 75% volume change with doxil alone versus combination therapy (p < 0.05). These findings indicate ibrutinib's ability to increase brain endothelial permeability via junctional disruption and efflux inhibition, to increase BTB drug entry and prolong rodent glioma model survival. Our results motivate the need to identify other BTB modifiers, all with the intent of improving survival and reducing systemic toxicities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanghee Lim
- Develomental Therapeutics and Pharmacology Unit, Surgical Neurology Branch, National Institute of Neurologic Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), NIH, Building 10, Room 7D45, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Minhye Kwak
- Develomental Therapeutics and Pharmacology Unit, Surgical Neurology Branch, National Institute of Neurologic Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), NIH, Building 10, Room 7D45, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Jeonghan Kang
- Develomental Therapeutics and Pharmacology Unit, Surgical Neurology Branch, National Institute of Neurologic Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), NIH, Building 10, Room 7D45, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Melissa Cesaire
- Develomental Therapeutics and Pharmacology Unit, Surgical Neurology Branch, National Institute of Neurologic Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), NIH, Building 10, Room 7D45, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Kayen Tang
- Develomental Therapeutics and Pharmacology Unit, Surgical Neurology Branch, National Institute of Neurologic Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), NIH, Building 10, Room 7D45, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Robert W Robey
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute (NCI), NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - William J E Frye
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute (NCI), NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Baktiar Karim
- Molecular Histopathology Laboratory, Frederick National Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical Research, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Donna Butcher
- Molecular Histopathology Laboratory, Frederick National Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical Research, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Martin J Lizak
- NIH MRI Research Facility and Mouse Imaging Facility, National Institute of Neurologic Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA
| | - Mahalia Dalmage
- Develomental Therapeutics and Pharmacology Unit, Surgical Neurology Branch, National Institute of Neurologic Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), NIH, Building 10, Room 7D45, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Brandon Foster
- Develomental Therapeutics and Pharmacology Unit, Surgical Neurology Branch, National Institute of Neurologic Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), NIH, Building 10, Room 7D45, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Nicholas Nuechterlein
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Charles Eberhart
- Neuropathology Unit, Surgical Neurology Branch, National Institute of Neurologic Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Patrick J Cimino
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Michael M Gottesman
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute (NCI), NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Sadhana Jackson
- Develomental Therapeutics and Pharmacology Unit, Surgical Neurology Branch, National Institute of Neurologic Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), NIH, Building 10, Room 7D45, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
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Dalmage M, Kundu N, Kwak M, Lim S, Jackson S. TMIC-23. EXPLORING IBRUTINIB'S EFFECTS ON BLOOD-BRAIN BARRIER INTEGRITY AND GLIOMA PROGRESSION. Neuro Oncol 2022. [PMCID: PMC9661229 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noac209.1067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
BACKGROUND
The blood-brain barrier (BBB), among malignant gliomas limits certain agents from impairing tumor growth. Thus, identifying agents that can transiently increase BBB permeability may prove useful in enhancing glioma treatment response. Previous ibrutinib studies showed it independently disrupted gut epithelial integrity and hampered glioma growth through BMX (bone marrow x-linked tyrosine kinase) inhibition. We propose BMX inhibition via ibrutinib disrupts BBB integrity while impairing glioma progression.
METHODS
To evaluate ibrutinib’s effect on brain endothelium, we evaluated electrical cell-cell impedance, junctional/cytoskeletal expression, downstream protein expression and functional ABC transporter activity; monitoring changes over time (0 to 8h) and at varied drug concentrations (1-10μM ibrutinib). Using rat glioma cells (S635) in vitro and in models, we examined cytotoxicity, apoptosis, model survival, and drug concentrations with ibrutinib alone or combined with poorly permeable Abcb1 substrate doxorubicin.
RESULTS
Ibrutinib dose-dependently decreased brain endothelial cell-cell impedance by 60% at 2h, without affecting cell viability. We observed decreased ZO-1 junctions, actin cytoskeletal rearrangement, and downstream pErk and pMek decreased expression optimally 2h (10μM ibrutinib). Dose-dependently ibrutinib inhibited Abcb1 efflux activity, further favoring a more permeable endothelium. Synergy with doxorubicin was seen in rat glioma cells treated with ibrutinib via increased apoptosis and cytotoxicity. However, while combined treatment resulted in decreased systemic doxorubicin concentrations, no differences in brain:plasma or tumor:plasma concentrations were evident. Combination therapy also did not increase rodent glioma model survival nor decrease tumor size.
CONCLUSION
Our results suggest that while ibrutinib induces brain endothelial permeability by junctional/cytoskeletal disruption and inhibition of Abcb1 efflux, no sustained effect can be seen in rodent glioma models in combination with a cytotoxic agent. Additional studies exploring similar agents that can enhance BBB permeability while slowing glioma growth are warranted, so as to improve upon current bleak malignant glioma treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Minhye Kwak
- National Institutes of Health , BETHESDA, MD , USA
| | - Sanghee Lim
- National Institutes of Health , Bethesda , USA
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Dalmage M, Kundu N, Kwak M, Lim S, Conrad C, Jackson S. TMIC-46. DISRUPTING TRICELLULAR TIGHT JUNCTIONS TO ENHANCE BLOOD-BRAIN-BARRIER PERMEABILITY IN GLIOMA MODELS. Neuro Oncol 2022. [PMCID: PMC9661233 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noac209.1090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
BACKGROUND
The blood-brain-barrier (BBB) is predominantly regulated by brain endothelial cells held together by junctional proteins. The BBB poses a significant hinderance to CNS drug entry of effective chemotherapy agents. Previous BBB studies have shown that disruption of tricellular and/or bicellular tight junctional proteins transiently increased CNS drug permeability.
OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the effect of drug proteins angubindin-1, C-CPE, and C-CPEmt on tight junction proteins angulin-1, claudin-3, and claudin 5, respectively, aimed at transiently enhancing BBB permeability and decreasing glioma growth.
METHODS
We evaluated junctional disruption with drug proteins, angubindin-1 (600µg/mL), C-CPE (200µg/mL), and C-CPEmt (200µg/mL) on rat brain endothelium. Endothelial junctional integrity studies were assessed by immunoblotting and cell-cell electrical impedance assays. Treatment effects on rat malignant glioma (S635) was measured via migration and rat glioma models.
RESULTS
Overall, we observed a time-dependent effect of drug proteins on junctional expression and function. Immunoblotting demonstrated a significant decrease (p< 0.05) in angulin-1 expression 5-hours after angubindin-1 treatment, while claudin-3 and claudin-5 expression barely decreased between 2 and 24-hours after C-CPE and C-CPEmt treatment, respectively. Cell-cell integrity was disrupted by 73%, 52%, and 69% compared with control, 3-hours after angubindin-1, C-CPE, and C-CPEmt treatment, respectively. Studies assessing qualitative junctional expression changes after drug proteins are ongoing. Gliomas cells expressed high angulin-1, and interestingly, migration was 50% decreased with angubindin-1 treatment, yet no migration changes were evident with C-CPE or C-CPEmt treatment. Rat glioma model studies evaluating liposomal doxorubicin combined with angubindin-1 are currently being explored to display effects on CNS drug concentrations, cytotoxicity, junctional expression, and survival.
DISCUSSION
Transient disruption of BBB tricellular junctions was seen with angubindin-1 treatment. Additionally, cell migration was hindered in angulin-1 overexpressing gliomas. These findings are promising and demonstrate the need for more combinational therapies aimed at increasing BBB permeability while also impairing glioma progression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Minhye Kwak
- National Institutes of Health , BETHESDA, MD , USA
| | - Sanghee Lim
- National Institutes of Health , Bethesda , USA
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Kwak M, Mehaffey JH, Hsu A, Hawkins RB, Schirmer B, Hallowell PT. Discussion on: Bariatric surgery is associated with reduction in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis and hepatocellular carcinoma: A propensity matched analysis. Am J Surg 2020; 219:508. [PMID: 32037049 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjsurg.2019.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Kwak M, Kim J, Sung K, Whang K. PSX-31 Effects of Dietary Non-starch Polysaccharide (NSP) and NSP-Degrading Enzyme Complex (Endo-PowerTM) Supplementation on Growth Performance, Intestinal Environments and Systemic Immune Responses in Growing Pigs. J Anim Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/jas/sky404.1065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- M Kwak
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School, Korea University,Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - J Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School, Korea University,Seoul, Korea,Seoul, South Korea
| | - K Sung
- EASY BIO Inc.,Seoul, South Korea
| | - K Whang
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School, Korea University,Seoul, Korea,Seoul, South Korea
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Choi S, Park M, Kwak M, Lee J, Whang K. 157 ValiMP, a mixture of phytogenic compounds with manganese, reduces abdominal fat in broilers. J Anim Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/jas/sky404.637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- S Choi
- Korea University,Seoul, South Korea
| | - M Park
- Korea University,Seoul, South Korea
| | - M Kwak
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School, Korea University,Seoul, Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - J Lee
- Korea University,Seoul, South Korea
| | - K Whang
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School, Korea University,Seoul, Korea, Seoul, South Korea
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Shin O, Park S, Kwak M, Kang J. THE PROFILES OF VULNERABILITIES AMONG RETIREES IN U.S.A. Innov Aging 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igy031.3713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- O Shin
- University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign
| | - S Park
- Washington University in Saint Louis
| | - M Kwak
- . Chinese University of Hong Kong
| | - J Kang
- West Coast Poverty Center
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Kang E, Jiang D, Ryu YK, Lim S, Kwak M, Gray CD, Xu M, Choi JH, Junn S, Kim J, Xu J, Schaefer M, Johns RA, Song H, Ming GL, Mintz CD. Early postnatal exposure to isoflurane causes cognitive deficits and disrupts development of newborn hippocampal neurons via activation of the mTOR pathway. PLoS Biol 2017; 15:e2001246. [PMID: 28683067 PMCID: PMC5500005 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.2001246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical and preclinical studies indicate that early postnatal exposure to anesthetics can lead to lasting deficits in learning and other cognitive processes. The mechanism underlying this phenomenon has not been clarified and there is no treatment currently available. Recent evidence suggests that anesthetics might cause persistent deficits in cognitive function by disrupting key events in brain development. The hippocampus, a brain region that is critical for learning and memory, contains a large number of neurons that develop in the early postnatal period, which are thus vulnerable to perturbation by anesthetic exposure. Using an in vivo mouse model we demonstrate abnormal development of dendrite arbors and dendritic spines in newly generated dentate gyrus granule cell neurons of the hippocampus after a clinically relevant isoflurane anesthesia exposure conducted at an early postnatal age. Furthermore, we find that isoflurane causes a sustained increase in activity in the mechanistic target of rapamycin pathway, and that inhibition of this pathway with rapamycin not only reverses the observed changes in neuronal development, but also substantially improves performance on behavioral tasks of spatial learning and memory that are impaired by isoflurane exposure. We conclude that isoflurane disrupts the development of hippocampal neurons generated in the early postnatal period by activating a well-defined neurodevelopmental disease pathway and that this phenotype can be reversed by pharmacologic inhibition. The United States Food and Drug Administration has recently warned that exposure to anesthetic and sedative drugs during the third trimester of prenatal development and during the first 3 years of life may cause lasting impairments in cognitive function. The mechanisms by which this undesirable side effect occurs are unknown. In this manuscript, we present evidence in mice that early developmental exposure to isoflurane, a canonical general anesthetic, disrupts the appropriate development of neurons in the hippocampus, a brain region associated with learning and memory. Isoflurane also causes up-regulation of the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway, a signaling system that has been associated with other neurodevelopmental cognitive disorders. Treatment with an inhibitor of the mTOR pathway after isoflurane exposure normalizes neuronal development and also ameliorates the impairments in learning induced by isoflurane. We conclude that early exposure to isoflurane can cause learning deficits via actions on the mTOR pathway, and that this mechanism represents a potentially druggable target to minimize the side effects of anesthetics on the developing brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunchai Kang
- Institute for Cell Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Department of Neurology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Danye Jiang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Yun Kyoung Ryu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Sanghee Lim
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Minhye Kwak
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Christy D. Gray
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Michael Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Jun H. Choi
- Institute for Cell Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Sue Junn
- Institute for Cell Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Jieun Kim
- Institute for Cell Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Jing Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Michele Schaefer
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Roger A. Johns
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Hongjun Song
- Institute for Cell Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Department of Neurology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- The Solomon Snyder Department of Neuroscience, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Guo-Li Ming
- Institute for Cell Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Department of Neurology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- The Solomon Snyder Department of Neuroscience, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - C. David Mintz
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Kwak M, Kim J, Hwang IH, Whang KY. 1003 Effects of dietary lysophospholipids (LipidolTM) on intestinal morphology and gene expression of inflammatory cytokines in weaned rats. J Anim Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.2527/jam2016-1003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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10
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Kwak M, Kim J, Lee JM, Jung SW, Whang KY. 0977 A protective effect of IGF-activated plasma protein (CTCgrow) on lipopolysaccharide-induced intestinal dystrophy in rats. J Anim Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.2527/jam2016-0977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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11
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Kwak M, Lim S, Kang E, Furmanski O, Song H, Ryu YK, Mintz CD. Effects of Neonatal Hypoxic-Ischemic Injury and Hypothermic Neuroprotection on Neural Progenitor Cells in the Mouse Hippocampus. Dev Neurosci 2016; 37:428-39. [PMID: 26087836 DOI: 10.1159/000430862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2014] [Accepted: 04/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Neonatal hypoxic-ischemic injury (HI) results in widespread cerebral encephalopathy and affects structures that are essential for neurocognitive function, such as the hippocampus. The dentate gyrus contains a reservoir of neural stem and progenitor cells (NSPCs) that are critical for postnatal development and normal adult function of the hippocampus, and may also facilitate the recovery of function after injury. Using a neonatal mouse model of mild-to-moderate HI and immunohistochemical analysis of NSPC development markers, we asked whether these cells are vulnerable to HI and how they respond to both injury and hypothermic therapy. We found that cleaved caspase-3 labeling in the subgranular zone, where NSPCs are located, is increased by more than 30-fold after HI. The population of cells positive for both proliferating cell nuclear antigen and nestin (PCNA+Nes+), which represent primarily actively proliferating NSPCs, are acutely decreased by 68% after HI. The NSPC population expressing NeuroD1, a marker for NSPCs transitioning to become fate-committed neural progenitors, was decreased by 47%. One week after HI, there was a decrease in neuroblasts and immature neurons in the dentate gyrus, as measured by doublecortin (DCX) immunolabeling, and at the same time PCNA+Nes+ cell density was increased by 71%. NSPCs expressing Tbr2, which identifies a highly proliferative intermediate neural progenitor population, increased by 107%. Hypothermia treatment after HI partially rescues both the acute decrease in PCNA+Nes+ cell density at 1 day after injury and the chronic loss of DCX immunoreactivity and reduction in NeuroD1 cell density measured at 1 week after injury. Thus, we conclude that HI causes an acute loss of dentate gyrus NSPCs, and that hypothermia partially protects NSPCs from HI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minhye Kwak
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicinee, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutes, Baltimore, Md., USA
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Hong JK, Lim J, Lee BY, Kwak M. Isolation and characterization of novel microsatellites for Abies koreana and A. nephrolepis (Pinaceae). Genet Mol Res 2016; 15:gmr7542. [PMID: 27173282 DOI: 10.4238/gmr.15027542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Abies koreana is an endemic and rare species from Korea and is classified as endangered by the International Union for Conservation of Nature. Although the genetic diversity assessment for current population of A. koreana needs to be performed urgently, no microsatellite markers have been developed for this species. In the present study, we developed 22 novel polymorphic microsatellite loci and the characteristics of these loci were determined in A. koreana as well as in Abies nephrolepis, the most closely related species, and these loci were compared with previously reported microsatellite markers developed for the Abies genus. Genomic sequence (161 Mbp; 325,776 reads) was obtained from one individual of A. koreana using Roche 454 GS-FLX Titanium sequencing and 19,258 repeat motifs were identified from it. A total of 288 primer pairs with high copy numbers of di-repeat motifs were evaluated for amplification in A. koreana and A. nephrolepis. A total of 71 primer pairs successfully amplified fragments, of which 22 showed polymorphisms in A. koreana and A. nephrolepis. The average expected diversity was 0.767 and 0.717 in A. koreana and A. nephrolepis, respectively; these heterozygosity levels were moderate compared to the previously reported microsatellite loci from Abies species. This is the first set of microsatellite markers developed for A. koreana as well as A. nephrolepis and further population genetic studies of both species and genetic delimitation can be carried out for the species conservation and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- J K Hong
- Plant Resources Division, National Institute of Biological Resources, Incheon, Korea
| | - J Lim
- Plant Resources Division, National Institute of Biological Resources, Incheon, Korea
| | - B Y Lee
- Plant Resources Division, National Institute of Biological Resources, Incheon, Korea
| | - M Kwak
- Plant Resources Division, National Institute of Biological Resources, Incheon, Korea
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Abstract
Salivary glands have an essential secretory function for maintaining oral and overall health. The epithelial compartment of the gland is composed of several highly specialized cell types that cooperate to secrete and deliver saliva to the oral cavity. The mouse submandibular gland has been used as a model for major salivary glands in human. The secretory complex in this model is composed of 2 secretory compartments, including acini and granular ducts connected by intercalated ducts. Contractile myoepithelial cells surround the secretory complex to facilitate salivary flow. Whether differentiated cells in the secretory complex are maintained by self-duplication or contribution from stem cells has remained an open question. Here, in analyzing the expression of basal cytokeratin (K) 14 in the secretory complex, we discovered a subset of K14(+) ductal cells in the intercalated ducts of the adult gland. These cells are distinct from the K14-expressing basal/myoepithelial cells, proliferate at a significantly higher rate than any other epithelial cell type in the gland, and reside in a spatially defined domain within the intercalated duct. Using inducible genetic lineage tracing, we show that K14(+) ductal cells represent a long-lived yet cycling population of stem cells that are established during development and contribute to the formation and maintenance of the granular ducts throughout life. Our data provide direct evidence for the existence of stem cells contributing to homeostasis of salivary glands, as well as new insights into glandular pathobiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Kwak
- Department of Oral Biology and Pathology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - N Alston
- Department of Oral Biology and Pathology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - S Ghazizadeh
- Department of Oral Biology and Pathology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- Danye Jiang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutes, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Sanghee Lim
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutes, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Minhye Kwak
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutes, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Yun Kyoung Ryu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutes, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - C David Mintz
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutes, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Kwak M, Ingersoll-Dayton B, Burgard S. Receipt of Care and Depressive Symptoms in Later Life: The Importance of Self-Perceptions of Aging. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci 2014; 69:325-35. [DOI: 10.1093/geronb/gbt128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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16
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Keller R, Kwak M, de Vries JW, Sawaryn C, Wang J, Anaya M, Müllen K, Butt HJ, Herrmann A, Berger R. Properties of amphiphilic oligonucleotide films at the air/water interface and after film transfer. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2013; 111:439-45. [PMID: 23859875 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2013.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2012] [Revised: 06/11/2013] [Accepted: 06/12/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The self-assembly of amphiphilic hybrid materials containing an oligonucleotide sequence at the air/water interface was investigated by means of pressure-molecular area (Π-A) isotherms. In addition, films were transferred onto solid substrates and imaged using scanning force microscopy. We used oligonucleotide molecules with lipid tails, which consisted of a single stranded oligonucleotide 11 mer containing two hydrophobically modified 5-(dodec-1-ynyl)uracil nucleobases (dU11) at the 5'-end of the oligonucleotide sequence. The air/water interface was used as confinement for the self-assembling process of dU11. Scanning force microscopy of films transferred via Langmuir-Blodgett technique revealed mono-, bi- (Π ≥ 2 mN/m) and multilayer formation (Π ≥ 30 mN/m). The first layer was 1.6 ± 0.1 nm thick. It was oriented with the hydrophilic oligonucleotide moiety facing the hydrophilic substrate while the hydrophobic alkyl chains faced air. In the second layer the oligonucleotide moiety was found to face the air. The second layer was found to cover up to 95% of the sample area. Our measurements indicated that the rearrangement of the molecules into bi- and multiple bilayers happened already at the air/water interface. Similar results were obtained with a second type of oligonucleotide amphiphile, an oligonucleotide block copolymer, which was composed of an oligonucleotide 11 mer covalently attached at the terminus to polypropyleneoxide (PPO).
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Affiliation(s)
- R Keller
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - M Kwak
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - J W de Vries
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - C Sawaryn
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - J Wang
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - M Anaya
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - K Müllen
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - H-J Butt
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - A Herrmann
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - R Berger
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, 55128 Mainz, Germany.
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17
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O M, Seo D, Kwak M, Shin J. 56 Serum Procalcitonin and C-reactive Protein Level as a Early Diagnostic Marker of Bacterial Meningitis in the Emergency Department. Ann Emerg Med 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2012.06.335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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18
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Repinski SL, Kwak M, Gepts P. The common bean growth habit gene PvTFL1y is a functional homolog of Arabidopsis TFL1. Theor Appl Genet 2012; 124:1539-47. [PMID: 22331140 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-012-1808-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2011] [Accepted: 01/26/2012] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
In a common bean plant exhibiting determinate growth, the terminal shoot meristem switches from a vegetative to reproductive state, resulting in a terminal inflorescence. Contrary to this, indeterminate growth habit results in a terminal meristem that remains vegetative where it further regulates the production of lateral vegetative and reproductive growth. In the last century, breeders have selected determinate growth habit, in combination with photoperiod insensitivity, to obtain varieties with a shorter flowering period, earlier maturation and ease of mechanized harvest. Previous work has identified TFL1 as a gene controlling determinate growth habit in Arabidopsis thaliana. In this work, we have validated that the Phaseolus vulgaris candidate gene, PvTFL1y, is the functional homolog of TFL1 using three independent lines of evidence. First, in a population of ~1,500 plants, PvTFL1y was found to co-segregate with the phenotypic locus for determinate growth habit (fin) on chromosome 01. Second, using quantitative PCR, we found that two unique haplotypes associated with determinacy at the PvTFL1y locus, a 4.1-kb retrotransposon and a splice-site mutation, cause mRNA abundance to decrease 20-133 fold, consistent with the recessive nature of fin. Finally, using a functional complementation approach, through Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of determinate Arabidopsis, we rescued tfl1-1 mutants with the wild-type PvTFL1y gene. Together, these three lines of evidence lead to the conclusion that PvTFL1y is the functional homolog of the Arabidopsis gene, TFL1, and is the gene responsible for naturally occurring variation for determinacy in common bean. Further work exploring the different haplotypes at the PvTFL1y locus may lead to improved plant architecture and phenology of common bean cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
- S L Repinski
- Department of Plant Sciences/MS1, University of California, 1 Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616-8780, USA
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19
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Kwak M, Hong S, Yu SL, Sim BW, Seo JS, Kang J. Parthenogenetic embryonic stem cells with H19 siRNA-mediated knockdown as a potential resource for cell therapy. Int J Mol Med 2011; 29:257-62. [PMID: 22089545 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2011.838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2011] [Accepted: 10/31/2011] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Embryonic stem (ES) cells are used in cell therapy and tissue engineering due to their ability to produce different cells types. However, studies of ES cells that are derived from fertilized embryos have raised concerns about the limitations imposed by ethical and political considerations. Therefore, many studies of stem cells use the stem cells that are derived from unfertilized oocytes and adult tissue. Although parthenogenetic embryonic stem (ESP) cells also avoid ethical and political dilemmas and can be used in cell-based therapy, the ESP cells exhibit growth retardation problems. Therefore, to investigate the potential for muscle growth from genetically modified ESP cells, we established four ES cell types, including normal embryonic stem (ESN) cells, ESP cells, ESP cells that overexpress the insulin-like growth factor 2 (Igf2) gene (ESI) and ESP cells with down-regulated H19 gene expression (ESH). Using these cells, we examined the expression profiles of genes that were related to imprinting and muscle using microarrays. The gene expression patterns of ESI and ESH cells were similar and were more closely related to the ESN pattern than that of the ESP cells. Differentiated ESH cells exhibited increased expression of bone morphologic protein 4 (BMP4), which is a mesoderm marker, compared with the differentiated ESI cells. We showed that Igf2 expression was induced by H19 silencing in the ESP cells via hypermethylation of the H19 imprinting control region 1 (ICR1). Moreover, the proportion of ESH-derived chimera was slightly higher than those produced from the ESP cells. In addition, we detected increased cell proliferation in the MEF cells following H19 knock-down. These results indicate that the ESH cells may be a source of cell-based therapy for conditions such as muscular atrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minhye Kwak
- Ilchun Genomic Medicine Institute, MRC, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-799, Republic of Korea
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20
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Scully B, Erskine K, Fan C, Durst C, Kwak M, Barzilla J, Grande-Allen K, Morales D. Matrix Degradation of a Small Intestinal Submucosa Patch Seeded with Mitral Valve Interstitial Cells Facilitates Tissue Remodeling: An In Vitro Study with a Novel Bioreactor. J Surg Res 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2010.11.869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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21
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Schiller P, Kwak M. The integration of visual and auditory cues for express saccade generation. J Vis 2010. [DOI: 10.1167/10.7.505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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22
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Lee JE, Park H, Ju YS, Kwak M, Kim JI, Oh HY, Seo JS. Higher mitochondrial DNA copy number is associated with lower prevalence of microalbuminuria. Exp Mol Med 2009; 41:253-8. [PMID: 19299914 DOI: 10.3858/emm.2009.41.4.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been suggested that mitochondrial dysfunction contributes to the initiation and development of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease. We examined the association between mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) copy number and microalbuminuria in a cross-sectional community-based study. We measured peripheral blood mtDNA copy number in 694 adults without chronic kidney disease by a real-time PCR method. The overall prevalence of microalbuminuria (defined as an albumin creatinine ratio of 30 to 299 mg/g) was 4.5%. The prevalence of microalbuminuria decreased progressively from the lower to the upper quartiles of mtDNA copy number (6.9%, 5.7%, 2.9%, and 2.3% in quartiles 1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively, P=0.017 for trend). Multiple logistic regression models showed that the quartile of mtDNA copy number was independently associated with the prevalence of microalbuminuria (P=0.01 for trend). Compared with the lowest quartile, the highest quartile had an odds ratio of 0.22 for microalbuminuria (95% confidence interval, 0.05 to 0.87; P=0.03). Higher mtDNA copy number was associated with the lower prevalence of microalbuminuria in a community-based population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Eun Lee
- Division of Nephrology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 135-710, Korea
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23
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Yoffie DB, Kwak M. Playing by the rules. How Intel avoids antitrust litigation. Harv Bus Rev 2001; 79:119-148. [PMID: 11408972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Microsoft and Intel are both obvious targets for antitrust litigation; both wield considerable control in their respective segments of the computer industry. But while Mircrosoft has been mired in court for years now--its name and business practices dragged through the mud, and its very future as a single company thrown into doubt--Intel has avoided a prolonged, high-profile antitrust case. Intel's success is not a matter of luck. The company's antitrust compliance program, refined over many years, has been an integral element in the chip maker's business strategy. In this article, the authors suggest that Intel's approach to compliance provides a valuable model for any enterprise that may come under regulators' scrutiny. They describe how Intel created extremely conservative antitrust compliance standards and then instituted a series of unique training events that had active support from then--CEO Andy Grove and others in senior management. First, live training -- not just instructional pamphlets or videos -- was given to all affected employees. Those classes were followed by customized training programs for different parts of the company. Then, to drive antitrust awareness deeper into the company's memory, Intel carried out random audits of employees' files and conducted mock depositions. "It's fascinating to see," Grove says. "A memo is introduced into evidence and you shrug. You fully understand how that memo could be written. Moreover, you could have written it yourself. And then you see that memo turned into a tool and a weapon against you, in front of your eyes." Intel recognizes that no matter how cautious it is, it will always face extraordinary scrutiny as a market leader. But "since antitrust is embedded in everything we do," Grove says, "we can control our destiny."
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Abstract
A DNA probe derived from a human genomic library has been used to localize on human chromosomes a gene coding for the alpha-subunit of the brain type II sodium channel (SCN2A). Hybridization of the probe to Southern blots made with DNAs from a rodent-human somatic cell hybrid panel indicates localization to the long arm of human chromosome 2. In situ hybridization to metaphase chromosomes confirms this assignment and indicates regional localization to 2q21-q33. The probe also reveals a frequent two-allele HaeIII RFLP.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Litt
- Department of Biochemistry, Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland 97201
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