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Grinberg M, Stöber RM, Edlund K, Rempel E, Godoy P, Reif R, Widera A, Madjar K, Schmidt-Heck W, Marchan R, Sachinidis A, Spitkovsky D, Hescheler J, Carmo H, Arbo MD, van de Water B, Wink S, Vinken M, Rogiers V, Escher S, Hardy B, Mitic D, Apic G, Myatt G, Waldmann T, Mardinoglu A, Damm G, Seehofer D, Nüssler A, Weiss TS, Oberemm A, Lampen A, Schaap MM, Luijten M, van Steeg H, Thasler WE, Kleinjans JCS, Stierum RH, Leist M, Rahnenführer J, Hengstler JG. Correction to: Toxicogenomics directory of chemically exposed human hepatocytes. Arch Toxicol 2022; 96:945-946. [PMID: 35099568 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-021-03206-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Regina M Stöber
- Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors at the Technical University of Dortmund (IfADo), Ardeystrasse 67, 44139, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Karolina Edlund
- Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors at the Technical University of Dortmund (IfADo), Ardeystrasse 67, 44139, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Eugen Rempel
- Department of Statistics, TU Dortmund University, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Patricio Godoy
- Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors at the Technical University of Dortmund (IfADo), Ardeystrasse 67, 44139, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Raymond Reif
- Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors at the Technical University of Dortmund (IfADo), Ardeystrasse 67, 44139, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Agata Widera
- Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors at the Technical University of Dortmund (IfADo), Ardeystrasse 67, 44139, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Katrin Madjar
- Department of Statistics, TU Dortmund University, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Schmidt-Heck
- Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Hans Knoell Institute, Jena, Germany
| | - Rosemarie Marchan
- Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors at the Technical University of Dortmund (IfADo), Ardeystrasse 67, 44139, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Agapios Sachinidis
- Center of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Institute of Neurophysiology, University of Cologne (UKK), Cologne, Germany
| | - Dimitry Spitkovsky
- Center of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Institute of Neurophysiology, University of Cologne (UKK), Cologne, Germany
| | - Jürgen Hescheler
- Center of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Institute of Neurophysiology, University of Cologne (UKK), Cologne, Germany
| | - Helena Carmo
- Laboratório de Toxicologia, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Marcelo D Arbo
- Laboratório de Toxicologia, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Bob van de Water
- Division of Toxicology, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Steven Wink
- Division of Toxicology, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Mathieu Vinken
- Department of Toxicology, Dermato-Cosmetology and Pharmacognosy (FAFY), Center for Pharmaceutical Research (CePhaR), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Vera Rogiers
- Department of Toxicology, Dermato-Cosmetology and Pharmacognosy (FAFY), Center for Pharmaceutical Research (CePhaR), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sylvia Escher
- Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine (ITEM), Hannover, Germany
| | - Barry Hardy
- Douglas Connect and OpenTox, Zeiningen, Switzerland
| | | | - Gordana Apic
- Cell Networks GmbH, Lutherstr. 59, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Tanja Waldmann
- Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Adil Mardinoglu
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Georg Damm
- Department of General-, Visceral- and Transplantation Surgery, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Daniel Seehofer
- Department of General-, Visceral- and Transplantation Surgery, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Nüssler
- Department of Traumatology, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Thomas S Weiss
- Department of Pediatrics and Juvenile Medicine, University of Regensburg Hospital, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Axel Oberemm
- Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Berlin, Germany
| | - Alfons Lampen
- Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Berlin, Germany
| | - Mirjam M Schaap
- Center for Health Protection, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Mirjam Luijten
- Center for Health Protection, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Harry van Steeg
- Center for Health Protection, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | | | - Jos C S Kleinjans
- Department of Health Risk Analysis and Toxicology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Marcel Leist
- Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | | | - Jan G Hengstler
- Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors at the Technical University of Dortmund (IfADo), Ardeystrasse 67, 44139, Dortmund, Germany.
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Vennis IM, Schaap MM, Hogervorst PAM, de Bruin A, Schulpen S, Boot MA, van Passel MWJ, Rutjes SA, Bleijs DA. Dual-Use Quickscan: A Web-Based Tool to Assess the Dual-Use Potential of Life Science Research. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:797076. [PMID: 34957083 PMCID: PMC8696162 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.797076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Research on pathogenic organisms is crucial for medical, biological and agricultural developments. However, biological agents as well as associated knowledge and techniques, can also be misused, for example for the development of biological weapons. Potential malicious use of well-intended research, referred to as “dual-use research”, poses a threat to public health and the environment. There are various international resources providing frameworks to assess dual-use potential of the research concerned. However, concrete instructions for researchers on how to perform a dual-use risk assessment is largely lacking. The international need for practical dual-use monitoring and risk assessment instructions, in addition to the need to raise awareness among scientists about potential dual-use aspects of their research has been identified over the last years by the Netherlands Biosecurity Office, through consulting national and international biorisk stakeholders. We identified that Biorisk Management Advisors and researchers need a practical tool to facilitate a dual-use assessment on their specific research. Therefore, the Netherlands Biosecurity Office developed a web-based Dual-Use Quickscan (www.dualusequickscan.com), that can be used periodically by researchers working with microorganisms to assess potential dual-use risks of their research by answering a set of fifteen yes/no questions. The questions for the tool were extracted from existing international open resources, and categorized into three themes: characteristics of the biological agent, knowledge and technology about the biological agent, and consequences of misuse. The results of the Quickscan provide the researcher with an indication of the dual-use potential of the research and can be used as a basis for further discussions with a Biorisk Management Advisor. The Dual-Use Quickscan can be embedded in a broader system of biosafety and biosecurity that includes dual-use monitoring and awareness within organizations. Increased international attention to examine pathogens with pandemic potential has been enhanced by the current COVID-19 pandemic, hence monitoring of dual-use potential urgently needs to be encouraged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris M Vennis
- Biosecurity Office, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, Netherlands
| | - Mirjam M Schaap
- Biosecurity Office, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, Netherlands
| | - Petra A M Hogervorst
- Biosecurity Office, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, Netherlands
| | - Arnout de Bruin
- Biosecurity Office, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, Netherlands
| | - Sjors Schulpen
- Biosecurity Office, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, Netherlands
| | - Marijke A Boot
- Biosecurity Office, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, Netherlands
| | - Mark W J van Passel
- Biosecurity Office, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, Netherlands
| | - Saskia A Rutjes
- Biosecurity Office, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, Netherlands
| | - Diederik A Bleijs
- Biosecurity Office, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, Netherlands
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3
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Meulenbelt SE, van Passel MWJ, de Bruin A, van den Berg LM, Schaap MM, Rutjes SA, Jacobi AJ, Agterberg MC, de Hoog C, van Willigen G, Kampert E, Heres JHJ, van den Berg R, van den Berg HHJL, Bleijs DA. The Vulnerability Scan, a Web Tool to Increase Institutional Biosecurity Resilience. Front Public Health 2019; 7:47. [PMID: 30915326 PMCID: PMC6422864 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2019.00047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The importance of vigilance within organizations working with high-risk biological material receives increasing attention. However, an in-depth and comprehensive tool, dedicated to increase awareness of potential risks and to assess an organization's current biosecurity vulnerabilities, has not been available yet. We developed the "Biosecurity Vulnerability Scan," a web tool that identifies biosecurity gaps in an organization based on eight biosecurity pillars of good practice. Although the tool aims primarily to assist biosafety and biosecurity officers, it can also be useful to researchers working with dangerous pathogens, their principal investigators, management, or those responsible for security issues in the life sciences. Results are only stored locally and are provided in an "overview report," which includes information on relevant risks and control measures. This can support well-substantiated decision-making on strengthening biosecurity measures within a specific organization. With this article, we aim to support institutes to increase their overall security resilience and to improve institutional biosecurity in particular by providing practical recommendations. The Biosecurity Vulnerability Scan is available at www.biosecurityvulnerabilityscan.nl.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie E. Meulenbelt
- Netherlands Biosecurity Office, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, Netherlands
| | - Mark W. J. van Passel
- Netherlands Biosecurity Office, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, Netherlands
- Centre for Zoonoses and Environmental Microbiology, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, Netherlands
| | - Arnout de Bruin
- Netherlands Biosecurity Office, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, Netherlands
| | - Linda M. van den Berg
- Netherlands Biosecurity Office, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, Netherlands
| | - Mirjam M. Schaap
- Netherlands Biosecurity Office, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, Netherlands
| | - Saskia A. Rutjes
- Netherlands Biosecurity Office, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, Netherlands
- Centre for Zoonoses and Environmental Microbiology, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, Netherlands
| | - André J. Jacobi
- Netherlands Biosecurity Office, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, Netherlands
| | - Marja C. Agterberg
- Netherlands Biosecurity Office, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, Netherlands
| | - Carin de Hoog
- Netherlands Biosecurity Office, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, Netherlands
| | | | - Evelien Kampert
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, Netherlands
| | - Jan H. J. Heres
- Netherlands Food and Consumer Product Safety Authority, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Ruud van den Berg
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, Netherlands
| | - Harold H. J. L. van den Berg
- Centre for Zoonoses and Environmental Microbiology, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, Netherlands
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, Netherlands
| | - Diederik A. Bleijs
- Netherlands Biosecurity Office, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, Netherlands
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Schmeits PCJ, Schaap MM, Luijten M, van Someren E, Boorsma A, van Loveren H, Peijnenburg AACM, Hendriksen PJM. Detection of the mechanism of immunotoxicity of cyclosporine A in murine in vitro and in vivo models. Arch Toxicol 2014; 89:2325-37. [PMID: 25224403 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-014-1365-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2014] [Accepted: 09/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Transcriptomics in combination with in vitro cell systems is a powerful approach to unravel modes of action of toxicants. An important question is to which extent the modes of action as revealed by transcriptomics depend on cell type, species and study type (in vitro or in vivo). To acquire more insight into this, we assessed the transcriptomic effects of the immunosuppressive drug cyclosporine A (CsA) upon 6 h of exposure of the mouse cytotoxic T cell line CTLL-2, the thymoma EL-4 and primary splenocytes and compared these to the effects in spleens of mice orally treated with CsA for 7 days. EL-4 and CTLL-2 cells showed the highest similarities in response. CsA affected many genes in primary splenocytes that were not affected in EL-4 or CTLL-2. Pathway analysis demonstrated that CsA upregulated the unfolded protein response, endoplasmic reticulum stress and NRF2 activation in EL-4 cells, CTLL-2 cells and primary mouse splenocytes but not in mouse spleen in vivo. As expected, CsA downregulated cell cycle and immune response in splenocytes in vitro, spleens in vivo as well as CTLL-2 in vitro. Genes up- and downregulated in human Jurkat, HepG2 and renal proximal tubular cells were similarly affected in CTLL-2, EL-4 and primary splenocytes in vitro. In conclusion, of the models tested in this study, the known mechanism of immunotoxicity of CsA is best represented in the mouse cytotoxic T cell line CTLL-2. This is likely due to the fact that this cell line is cultured in the presence of a T cell activation stimulant (IL-2) making it more suitable to detect inhibitory effects on T cell activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- P C J Schmeits
- RIKILT Institute of Food Safety, Wageningen University and Research Centre, P.O. Box 230, 6700 AE, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
- Department of Toxicogenomics, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - M M Schaap
- Centre for Health Protection, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), P.O. Box 1, 3720 BA, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
- Department of Toxicogenetics, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - M Luijten
- Centre for Health Protection, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), P.O. Box 1, 3720 BA, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
- Department of Toxicogenetics, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - E van Someren
- Department of Toxicogenomics, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Research Group Microbiology and Systems Biology, TNO, P.O. Box 360, 3700 AJ, Zeist, The Netherlands
| | - A Boorsma
- Research Group Microbiology and Systems Biology, TNO, P.O. Box 360, 3700 AJ, Zeist, The Netherlands
| | - H van Loveren
- Department of Toxicogenomics, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Centre for Health Protection, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), P.O. Box 1, 3720 BA, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - A A C M Peijnenburg
- RIKILT Institute of Food Safety, Wageningen University and Research Centre, P.O. Box 230, 6700 AE, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Toxicogenomics, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - P J M Hendriksen
- RIKILT Institute of Food Safety, Wageningen University and Research Centre, P.O. Box 230, 6700 AE, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
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Melis JPM, Derks KWJ, Pronk TE, Wackers P, Schaap MM, Zwart E, van Ijcken WFJ, Jonker MJ, Breit TM, Pothof J, van Steeg H, Luijten M. In vivo murine hepatic microRNA and mRNA expression signatures predicting the (non-)genotoxic carcinogenic potential of chemicals. Arch Toxicol 2014; 88:1023-34. [PMID: 24390151 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-013-1189-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2013] [Accepted: 12/18/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
There is a high need to improve the assessment of, especially non-genotoxic, carcinogenic features of chemicals. We therefore explored a toxicogenomics-based approach using genome-wide microRNA and mRNA expression profiles upon short-term exposure in mice. For this, wild-type mice were exposed for seven days to three different classes of chemicals, i.e., four genotoxic carcinogens (GTXC), seven non-genotoxic carcinogens (NGTXC), and five toxic non-carcinogens. Hepatic expression patterns of mRNA and microRNA transcripts were determined after exposure and used to assess the discriminative power of the in vivo transcriptome for GTXC and NGTXC. A final classifier set, discriminative for GTXC and NGTXC, was generated from the transcriptomic data using a tiered approach. This appeared to be a valid approach, since the predictive power of the final classifier set in three different classifier algorithms was very high for the original training set of chemicals. Subsequent validation in an additional set of chemicals revealed that the predictive power for GTXC remained high, in contrast to NGTXC, which appeared to be more troublesome. Our study demonstrated that the in vivo microRNA-ome has less discriminative power to correctly identify (non-)genotoxic carcinogen classes. The results generally indicate that single mRNA transcripts do have the potential to be applied in risk assessment, but that additional (genomic) strategies are necessary to correctly predict the non-genotoxic carcinogenic potential of a chemical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joost P M Melis
- Center for Health Protection, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), P.O. Box 1, 3720 BA, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
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6
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van Kesteren PCE, Zwart PE, Schaap MM, Pronk TE, van Herwijnen MHM, Kleinjans JCS, Bokkers BGH, Godschalk RWL, Zeilmaker MJ, van Steeg H, Luijten M. Benzo[a]pyrene-induced transcriptomic responses in primary hepatocytes and in vivo liver: toxicokinetics is essential for in vivo-in vitro comparisons. Arch Toxicol 2012; 87:505-15. [PMID: 23052197 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-012-0949-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2012] [Accepted: 09/18/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The traditional 2-year cancer bioassay needs replacement by more cost-effective and predictive tests. The use of toxicogenomics in an in vitro system may provide a more high-throughput method to investigate early alterations induced by carcinogens. Recently, the differential gene expression response in wild-type and cancer-prone Xpa (-/-) p53 (+/-) primary mouse hepatocytes after exposure to benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) revealed downregulation of cancer-related pathways in Xpa (-/-) p53 (+/-) hepatocytes only. Here, we investigated pathway regulation upon in vivo B[a]P exposure of wild-type and Xpa (-/-) p53 (+/-) mice. In vivo transcriptomics analysis revealed a limited gene expression response in mouse livers, but with a significant induction of DNA replication and apoptotic/anti-apoptotic cellular responses in Xpa (-/-) p53 (+/-) livers only. In order to be able to make a meaningful in vivo-in vitro comparison we estimated internal in vivo B[a]P concentrations using DNA adduct levels and physiologically based kinetic modeling. Based on these results, the in vitro concentration that corresponded best with the internal in vivo dose was chosen. Comparison of in vivo and in vitro data demonstrated similarities in transcriptomics response: xenobiotic metabolism, lipid metabolism and oxidative stress. However, we were unable to detect cancer-related pathways in either wild-type or Xpa (-/-) p53 (+/-) exposed livers, which were previously found to be induced by B[a]P in Xpa (-/-) p53 (+/-) primary hepatocytes. In conclusion, we showed parallels in gene expression responses between livers and primary hepatocytes upon exposure to equivalent concentrations of B[a]P. Furthermore, we recommend considering toxicokinetics when modeling a complex in vivo endpoint with in vitro models.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- Apoptosis/genetics
- Benzo(a)pyrene/pharmacokinetics
- Benzo(a)pyrene/toxicity
- Carcinogenicity Tests/methods
- Carcinogens/pharmacokinetics
- Carcinogens/toxicity
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/chemically induced
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/genetics
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/metabolism
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/pathology
- Cells, Cultured
- Computer Simulation
- DNA Adducts/metabolism
- DNA Replication/drug effects
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Gene Expression Profiling
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/drug effects
- Hepatocytes/drug effects
- Hepatocytes/metabolism
- Hepatocytes/pathology
- High-Throughput Screening Assays
- Liver/drug effects
- Liver/metabolism
- Liver/pathology
- Liver Neoplasms/chemically induced
- Liver Neoplasms/genetics
- Liver Neoplasms/metabolism
- Liver Neoplasms/pathology
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Models, Biological
- Primary Cell Culture
- Risk Assessment
- Transcription, Genetic/drug effects
- Tumor Suppressor Protein p53/genetics
- Xeroderma Pigmentosum Group A Protein/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- P C E van Kesteren
- Laboratory for Health Protection Research, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, P.O. Box 1, 3720 BA, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
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Van Schothorst EM, Franssen-van Hal N, Schaap MM, Pennings J, Hoebee B, Keijer J. Adipose Gene Expression Patterns of Weight Gain Suggest Counteracting Steroid Hormone Synthesis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 13:1031-41. [PMID: 15976146 DOI: 10.1038/oby.2005.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify early molecular changes in weight gain, using analysis of gene expression changes in adipose tissue of mice fed well-defined humanized (Western) high-fat and low-fat (control) diets during a short (3- to 5-week) time interval. RESEARCH METHODS AND PROCEDURES An adipose-enriched cDNA microarray was constructed and used for the expression analyses of visceral adipose tissues of wildtype young adult C57BL/6J male mice on different diets. RESULTS Mice on a high-fat diet had significantly higher body weight (at most, 9.6% greater) and adipose tissue weights compared with mice on a control diet. Gene expression analyses revealed 31 transcripts significantly differentially expressed in visceral adipose tissue between the diet groups. Most of these genes were expressed more on the high-fat diet. They mainly encode proteins involved in cellular structure (e.g., myosin, procollagen, vimentin) and lipid metabolism (e.g., leptin, lipoprotein lipase, carbonic anhydrase 3). This increase in gene expression was accompanied by a decrease in oxidative phosphorylation and carbohydrate metabolism (ATP citrate lyase). Importantly, genes belonging to steroid hormone biosynthesis (3beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase-1, cholesterol side-chain cleavage cytochrome P450, and steroid-11beta-hydroxylase) were all expressed less in mice on a high-fat diet. DISCUSSION A short time period of 3 to 5 weeks of high-fat feeding altered gene expression patterns in visceral adipose tissue in male mice. Gene expression changes indicate initiation of adipose tissue enlargement and the down-regulation of adipose steroid hormone biosynthesis. The latter suggests a mechanism by which initial progression toward weight gain is counteracted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evert M Van Schothorst
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Pathology, and Genetics, National Institute of Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), PO Box 1, 3720 BA Bilthoven, The Netherlands.
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Zwart EP, Schaap MM, van den Dungen MW, Braakhuis HM, White PA, van Steeg H, van Benthem J, Luijten M. Proliferating primary hepatocytes from the pUR288 lacZ plasmid mouse are valuable tools for genotoxicity assessment in vitro. Environ Mol Mutagen 2012; 53:1-8. [PMID: 22619112 DOI: 10.1002/em.21700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2011] [Revised: 04/03/2012] [Accepted: 04/06/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Safety assessments of substances with regard to genotoxicity are generally based on a combination of in vitro and in vivo tests. These tests are performed according to a (tiered) test strategy whereby a positive result in vitro usually triggers further testing in vivo. A low specificity and high frequency of irrelevant positive results associated with most in vitro mammalian cell genotoxicity assays necessitates the design and validation of suitable alternatives. As such, we examined the feasibility of culturing primary hepatocytes from the pUR288 lacZ reporter mouse, and moreover, using established cultures to reliably assess genotoxic activity in vitro. Initial studies characterizing the metabolic capacity of proliferating lacZ primary hepatocytes indicated that these cells retained at least some activities important for xenobiotic metabolism: cytochrome P450 1A1 enzyme activities were markedly increased in the hepatocytes after exposure to benzo[a]pyrene, and also UDP-glucuronosyl transferase and glutathione-S-transferase activities, both Phase II enzymes, were detected. Increasing levels of phosphorylated p53 at residue serine 389 after ultraviolet treatment indicated a properly functioning p53, one of the criteria for an effective new test system. Four genotoxic substances with different mechanisms of genotoxicity, i.e., benzo[a]pyrene, bleomycin, etoposide, and cyclophosphamide, were tested in the lacZ rescue assay. For etoposide and cyclophosphamide, the induction of mutant colonies was rather low. Exposure to benzo[a]pyrene and bleomycin, however, yielded a clear concentration-dependent induction of the lacZ mutant frequency. Based on our preliminary observations, proliferating lacZ primary hepatocytes are a promising new tool for the assessment of genotoxic hazard.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edwin P Zwart
- Laboratory for Health Protection Research, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
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9
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Mahabir AG, Schaap MM, Pennings JLA, van Benthem J, Hendriksen CFM, van Steeg H. Comparison of clastogen-induced gene expression profiles in wild-type and DNA repair-deficient Rad54/Rad54B cells. BMC Genomics 2010; 11:24. [PMID: 20067618 PMCID: PMC2824718 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-11-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2009] [Accepted: 01/12/2010] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Previously we found that Rad54/Rad54B cells are more sensitive towards mitomycin C (MMC) as compared to wild-type (WT) cells. This difference in sensitivity was absent upon exposure to other clastogens like bleomycin (BLM) and γ-radiation. In order to get further insight into possible underlying mechanisms, gene expression changes in WT and Rad54/Rad54B MEFs (mouse embryonic fibroblasts) after exposure to the clastogens MMC and BLM were investigated. Exposures of these cells to mutagens (N-ac-AAF and ENU) and vehicle were taken as controls. Results Most exposures resulted in an induction of DNA damage signaling and apoptosis genes and a reduced expression of cell division genes in cells of both genotypes. As expected, responses to N-ac-AAF were very similar in both genotypes. ENU exposure did not lead to significant gene expression changes in cells of both genotypes, presumably due to its short half-life. Gene expression responses to clastogens, however, showed a genotype-dependent effect for BLM and MMC. MMC treated Rad54/Rad54B MEFs showed no induction of p53-signaling, DNA damage response and apoptosis as seen for all the other treatments. Conclusion These data support our finding that different types of clastogens exist and that responses to these types depend on the DNA repair status of the cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anuska G Mahabir
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Laboratory for Health Protection Research (GBO), NL-3720 BA Bilthoven, the Netherlands
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10
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Jonker MJ, Bruning O, van Iterson M, Schaap MM, van der Hoeven TV, Vrieling H, Beems RB, de Vries A, van Steeg H, Breit TM, Luijten M. Finding transcriptomics biomarkers for in vivo identification of (non-)genotoxic carcinogens using wild-type and Xpa/p53 mutant mouse models. Carcinogenesis 2009; 30:1805-12. [DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgp190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
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11
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Van der Heyden JHA, Schaap MM, Kunst AE, Esnaola S, Borrell C, Cox B, Leinsalu M, Stirbu I, Kalediene R, Deboosere P, Mackenbach JP, Van Oyen H. Socioeconomic inequalities in lung cancer mortality in 16 European populations. Lung Cancer 2008; 63:322-30. [PMID: 18656277 DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2008.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2008] [Revised: 06/02/2008] [Accepted: 06/07/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This paper aims to describe socioeconomic inequalities in lung cancer mortality in Europe and to get further insight into socioeconomic inequalities in lung cancer mortality in different European populations by relating these to socioeconomic inequalities in overall mortality and smoking within the same or reference populations. Particular attention is paid to inequalities in Eastern European and Baltic countries. METHODS Data were obtained from mortality registers, population censuses and health interview surveys in 16 European populations. Educational inequalities in lung cancer and total mortality were assessed by direct standardization and calculation of two indices of inequality: the Relative Index of Inequality (RII) and the Slope Index of Inequality (SII). SIIs were used to calculate the contribution of inequalities in lung cancer mortality to inequalities in total mortality. Indices of inequality in lung cancer mortality in the age group 40-59 years were compared with indices of inequalities in smoking taking into account a time lag of 20 years. RESULTS The pattern of inequalities in Eastern European and Baltic countries is more or less similar as the one observed in the Northern countries. Among men educational inequalities are largest in the Eastern European and Baltic countries. Among women they are largest in Northern European countries. Whereas among Southern European women lung cancer mortality rates are still higher among the high educated, we observe a negative association between smoking and education among young female adults. The contribution of lung cancer mortality inequalities to total mortality inequalities is in most male populations more than 10%. Important smoking inequalities are observed among young adults in all populations. In Sweden, Hungary and the Czech Republic smoking inequalities among young adult women are larger than lung cancer mortality inequalities among women aged 20 years older. CONCLUSIONS Important socioeconomic inequalities exist in lung cancer mortality in Europe. They are consistent with the geographical spread of the smoking epidemic. In the next decades socioeconomic inequalities in lung cancer mortality are likely to persist and even increase among women. In Southern European countries we may expect a reversal from a positive to a negative association between socioeconomic status and lung cancer mortality. Continuous efforts are necessary to tackle socioeconomic inequalities in lung cancer mortality in all European countries.
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12
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Schaap MM, Kunst AE, Leinsalu M, Regidor E, Ekholm O, Dzurova D, Helmert U, Klumbiene J, Santana P, Mackenbach JP. Effect of nationwide tobacco control policies on smoking cessation in high and low educated groups in 18 European countries. Tob Control 2008; 17:248-55. [PMID: 18483129 DOI: 10.1136/tc.2007.024265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recently a scale was introduced to quantify the implementation of tobacco control policies at country level. Our study used this scale to examine the potential impact of these policies on quit ratios in European countries. Special attention was given to smoking cessation among lower educational groups. METHODS Cross-sectional data were derived from national health surveys from 18 European countries. In the analyses we distinguished between country, sex, two age groups (25-39 and 40-59 years) and educational level. Age-standardised quit ratios were calculated as total former-smokers divided by total ever-smokers. In regression analyses we explored the correlation between national quit ratios and the national score on the Tobacco Control Scale (TCS). RESULTS Quit ratios were especially high (>45%) in Sweden, England, The Netherlands, Belgium and France and relatively low (<30%) in Lithuania and Latvia. Higher educated smokers were more likely to have quit smoking than lower educated smokers in all age-sex groups in all countries. National score on the tobacco control scale was positively associated with quit ratios in all age-sex groups. The association of quit ratios with score on TCS did not show consistent differences between high and low education. Of all tobacco control policies of which the TCS is constructed, price policies showed the strongest association with quit ratios, followed by an advertising ban. CONCLUSION Countries with more developed tobacco control policies have higher quit ratios than countries with less developed tobacco control policies. High and low educated smokers benefit about equally from the nationwide tobacco control policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M Schaap
- Department of Public Health, Erasmus Medical Centre, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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13
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Baken KA, Pennings JL, Jonker MJ, Schaap MM, de Vries A, van Steeg H, Breit TM, van Loveren H. Overlapping gene expression profiles of model compounds provide opportunities for immunotoxicity screening. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2008; 226:46-59. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2007.08.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2007] [Revised: 08/17/2007] [Accepted: 08/29/2007] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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14
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Wijnhoven SWP, Speksnijder EN, Liu X, Zwart E, vanOostrom CTM, Beems RB, Hoogervorst EM, Schaap MM, Attardi LD, Jacks T, van Steeg H, Jonkers J, de Vries A. Dominant-negative but not gain-of-function effects of a p53.R270H mutation in mouse epithelium tissue after DNA damage. Cancer Res 2007; 67:4648-56. [PMID: 17510390 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-06-4681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
p53 alterations in human tumors often involve missense mutations that may confer dominant-negative or gain-of-function properties. Dominant-negative effects result in inactivation of wild-type p53 protein in heterozygous mutant cells and as such in a p53 null phenotype. Gain-of-function effects can directly promote tumor development or metastasis through antiapoptotic mechanisms or transcriptional activation of (onco)genes. Here, we show, using conditional mouse technology, that epithelium-specific heterozygous expression of mutant p53 (i.e., the p53.R270H mutation that is equivalent to the human hotspot R273H) results in an increased incidence of spontaneous and UVB-induced skin tumors. Expression of p53.R270H exerted dominant-negative effects on latency, multiplicity, and progression status of UVB-induced but not spontaneous tumors. Surprisingly, gain-of-function properties of p53.R270H were not detected in skin epithelium. Apparently, dominant-negative and gain-of-function effects of mutant p53 are highly tissue specific and become most manifest upon stabilization of p53 after DNA damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan W P Wijnhoven
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Pathology and Genetics, National Institute of Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, the Netherlands
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15
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Bruins W, Jonker MJ, Bruning O, Pennings JLA, Schaap MM, Hoogervorst EM, van Steeg H, Breit TM, de Vries A. Delayed expression of apoptotic and cell-cycle control genes in carcinogen-exposed bladders of mice lacking p53.S389 phosphorylation. Carcinogenesis 2007; 28:1814-23. [PMID: 17317680 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgm041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mice with non-phosphorylated serine 389 in p53 are susceptible for bladder tumors induced by 2-acetylaminofluorene (2-AAF). Since p53 is a transcription factor, this might well be preceded by differences in the regulation of gene expression. Microarray analysis was used to determine early transcriptional changes that might underlie this cancer-prone phenotype. Interestingly, lack of Ser389 phosphorylation led to endogenously different gene expression levels. The number of genes affected was, however, rather small. Conversely, after short-term exposure to 2-AAF, wild-type and p53.S389A bladders demonstrated a significant number of differentially expressed genes. Differences between wild-type and p53.S389A could mainly be attributed to a delayed, rather than complete absence of, transcriptional response of a group of genes, including well-known p53 target genes involved in apoptosis and cell-cycle control like Bax, Perp and P21. An analysis of differentially expressed genes in non-tumorigenic tissue and bladder tumors of p53.S389A after long-term exposure to 2-AAF revealed 319 genes. Comparison of these with those found after short-term exposure resulted in 23 transcripts. These possible marker genes might be useful for the early prediction of bladder tumor development. In conclusion, our data indicate that lack of Ser389 phosphorylation results in aberrant expression of genes needed to execute vital responses to DNA damage. Post-translational modifications, like Ser389 phosphorylation, seem crucial for fine-tuning the transcription of a specific set of genes and do not appear to give rise to major changes in transcription patterns. As such, Ser389 phosphorylation is needed for some, but certainly not all, p53 functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendy Bruins
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Pathology and Genetics (TOX), National Institute of Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
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16
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Kooter IM, Pennings JLA, Fokkens PHB, Leseman DLAC, Boere AJF, Gerlofs-Nijland ME, Cassee FR, Schalk JAC, Orzechowski TJH, Schaap MM, Breit TM, Dormans JAMA, van Oostrom CTM, de Vries A, van Steeg H. Ozone induces clear cellular and molecular responses in the mouse lung independently of the transcription-coupled repair status. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2006; 102:1185-92. [PMID: 17095637 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00796.2006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The oxidant ozone is a well-known air pollutant, inhalation of which is associated with respiratory tract inflammation and functional alterations of the lung. It is well established as an inducer of intracellular oxidative stress. We investigated whether Cockayne syndrome B, transcription-coupled, repair-deficient mice (Csb(-/-)), known to be sensitive to oxidative stressors, respond differently to ozone than repair-proficient controls (Csb(+/-)). Mice were exposed to 0.8 parts/million ozone for 8 h, and we examined a wide range of biological parameters in the lung at the gene expression, protein, and cellular level 4 h after the ozone exposure. Relevant biological responses to ozone for both repair-deficient Csb(-/-) and repair-proficient Csb(+/-) mice, as determined by biochemical analysis of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (e.g., increases of polymorphonuclear neutrophils, alkaline phosphatase, macrophage-inflammatory protein-2, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha), pathological examinations, and gene expression (upregulation of oxidative-stress-related genes) analyses were observed. The bronchoalveolar lavage fluid showed significantly more tumor necrosis factor-alpha in repair-deficient Csb(-/-) mice than in repair-proficient Csb(+/-) mice after ozone exposure. In addition, a clear trend was observed toward fewer differentially expressed genes with a lower fold ratio in repair-deficient Csb(-/-) mice than in repair-proficient Csb(+/-) mice. However, repair-deficient Csb(-/-) mice do not respond significantly more sensitively to ozone compared with repair-proficient Csb(+/-) mice at the level of gene expression. We conclude that, under the conditions employed here, although small differences at the transcriptional level exist between repair-proficient Csb(+/-) mice and transcription-coupled repair defective Csb(-/-) mice, these do not have a significant effect on the ozone-induced lung injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingeborg M Kooter
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, the Netherlands.
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17
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Wijnhoven SWP, Zwart E, Speksnijder EN, Beems RB, Olive KP, Tuveson DA, Jonkers J, Schaap MM, van den Berg J, Jacks T, van Steeg H, de Vries A. Mice expressing a mammary gland-specific R270H mutation in the p53 tumor suppressor gene mimic human breast cancer development. Cancer Res 2005; 65:8166-73. [PMID: 16166291 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-05-1650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The tumor suppressor gene p53 has an apparent role in breast tumor development in humans, as approximately 30% of sporadic tumors acquire p53 mutations and Li-Fraumeni syndrome patients carrying germ line p53 mutations frequently develop breast tumors at early age. In the present study, conditional expression of a targeted mutation is used to analyze the role of the human R273H tumor-associated hotspot mutation in p53 in mammary gland tumorigenesis. Heterozygous p53(R270H/+)WAPCre mice (with mammary gland-specific expression of the p53.R270H mutation, equivalent to human R273H, at physiologic levels) develop mammary tumors at high frequency, indicating that the R270H mutation predisposes for mammary gland tumor development and acts in a dominant-negative manner in early stages of tumorigenesis. Spontaneous tumor development in these mice is further accelerated by 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA) treatment at young age. The majority of spontaneous and DMBA-induced carcinomas and sarcomas from p53(R270H/+)WAPCre mice is estrogen receptor alpha positive, and expression profiles of genes also implicated in human breast cancer appear similarly altered. As such, p53(R270H/+)WAPCre mice provide a well-suited model system to study the role of p53 in breast tumorigenesis and the responsiveness of mammary gland tumors to chemotherapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan W P Wijnhoven
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Pathology and Genetics, National Institute of Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
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van Dam RM, Hoebee B, Seidell JC, Schaap MM, de Bruin TWA, Feskens EJM. Common variants in the ATP-sensitive K+ channel genes KCNJ11 (Kir6.2) and ABCC8 (SUR1) in relation to glucose intolerance: population-based studies and meta-analyses. Diabet Med 2005; 22:590-8. [PMID: 15842514 DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-5491.2005.01465.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
AIMS To evaluate the relation between common variants in the ATP-sensitive K+ channel genes and glucose intolerance. METHODS We conducted a meta-analysis of reported association studies in Caucasian populations for common variants in the ABCC8 (exons 16 and 18) and the KCNJ11 (E23K) gene and examined sources of heterogeneity in the results. The meta-analysis was based on 7768-10216 subjects (depending on the gene variant), and included two new population-based studies in the Netherlands with 725 cases and 742 controls. RESULTS For the KCNJ11 variant, the summary odds ratio (OR) for glucose intolerance was 1.12 (1.01-1.23, P=0.03) for the EK genotype and 1.44 (1.17-1.78, P=0.0007) for the KK genotype, as compared with the EE genotype. For the ABCC8 exon 16 variant, the OR was 1.06 (0.94-1.19, P=0.34) for ct and 0.93 (0.71-1.20, P=0.56) for tt, as compared with the cc genotype. For ABCC8 exon 18, the OR was 1.20 (0.97-1.49, P=0.10) for CT/TT, as compared with the CC genotype. Studies of the ABCC8 variants that were published first or had smaller sample sizes (for the exon 18 variant) showed stronger associations, which may indicate publication bias. For the ABCC8 exon 18 and the KCNJ11 variant, associations were stronger for studies of clinical diabetes than newly detected glucose intolerance. The population attributable risk for clinical Type 2 diabetes was 6.2% for the KCNJ11 KK genotype and 10.1% for the KCNJ11 EK and KK genotype combined. CONCLUSIONS The common KCNJ11 E23K gene variant, but not the ABCC8 exon 16 or exon 18 variant, was consistently associated with Type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- R M van Dam
- Centre of Nutrition and Health, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, the Netherlands.
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van Dam RM, Hoebee B, Seidell JC, Schaap MM, Blaak EE, Feskens EJM. The insulin receptor substrate-1 Gly972Arg polymorphism is not associated with Type 2 diabetes mellitus in two population-based studies. Diabet Med 2004; 21:752-8. [PMID: 15209769 DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-5491.2004.01229.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1) gene is among the most frequently studied candidate genes for Type 2 diabetes, but findings have been inconsistent. This may have been due to generally small study sizes, or to interaction with body fatness as suggested by studies of insulin sensitivity. The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that the IRS-1 Gly972Arg variant increases risk of Type 2 diabetes. METHODS We conducted two large population-based studies including a total of 725 cases and 742 control subjects, who were Caucasian Dutch men and women aged 40-70 years. We calculated odds ratios adjusted for body mass index, study centre, sex and age. RESULTS Carriers of the Arg allele did not have a higher prevalence of newly detected (OR 0.49, 95% CI 0.24-1.01) or treated (OR 0.71, 0.37-1.35) Type 2 diabetes in the first study, or a higher prevalence of glucose intolerance (OR 1.07, 0.71-1.59) in the second study. The summary odds ratio was 0.86 (0.62-1.17) for carrying the Arg allele as compared with the Gly/Gly genotype. Associations did not differ appreciably by degree of obesity. Also, the Arg variant was not associated with detrimental values for body mass index, waist circumference, plasma HDL-and total cholesterol or hypertension. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that the IRS-1 Gly972Arg variant does not substantially increase risk of common Type 2 diabetes, or Type 2 diabetes in obese persons.
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Affiliation(s)
- R M van Dam
- Center of Nutrition and Health, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, the Netherlands.
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