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Stedt J, Bonnedahl J, Hernandez J, Waldenström J, McMahon BJ, Tolf C, Olsen B, Drobni M. Carriage of CTX-M type extended spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) in gulls across Europe. Acta Vet Scand 2015; 57:74. [PMID: 26526188 PMCID: PMC4629291 DOI: 10.1186/s13028-015-0166-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2014] [Accepted: 10/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Extended spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs), a group of enzymes conferring resistance to third generation cephalosporins have rapidly increased in Enterobacteriacae and pose a major challenge to human health care. Resistant isolates are common in domestic animals and clinical settings, but prevalence and genotype distribution varies on a geographical scale. Although ESBL genes are frequently detected in bacteria isolated from wildlife samples, ESBL dissemination of resistant bacteria to the environment is largely unknown. To address this, we used three closely related gull species as a model system and collected more than 3000 faecal samples during breeding times in nine European countries. Samples were screened for ESBL-producing bacteria, which were characterized to the level of ESBL genotype groups (SHV, TEM), or specific genotypes (CTX-M). RESULTS ESBL-producing bacteria were frequently detected in gulls (906 of 3158 samples, 28.7 %), with significant variation in prevalence rates between countries. Highest levels were found in Spain (74.8 %), The Netherlands (37.8 %) and England (27.1 %). Denmark and Poland represented the other extreme with no, or very few positive samples. Genotyping of CTX-M isolates identified 13 different variants, with bla CTX-M-1 and bla CTX-M-14 as the most frequently detected. In samples from England, Spain and Portugal, bla CTX-M-14 dominated, while in the rest of the sampled countries bla CTX-M-1 (except Sweden where bla CTX-M-15 was dominant) was the most frequently detected genotype, a pattern similar to what is known from studies of human materials. CONCLUSIONS CTX-M type ESBLs are common in the faecal microbiota from gulls across Europe. The gull ESBL genotype distribution was in large similar to published datasets from human and food-production animals in Europe. The data suggests that the environmental dissemination of ESBL is high from anthropogenic sources, and widespread occurrence of resistant bacteria in common migratory bird species utilizing urban and agricultural areas suggests that antibiotic resistance genes may also be spread through birds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johan Stedt
- Centre for Ecology and Evolution in Microbial Model Systems, School of Natural Sciences, Linnaeus University, 391 82, Kalmar, Sweden.
| | - Jonas Bonnedahl
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Kalmar County Hospital, 391 85, Kalmar, Sweden.
- Section of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, 751 85, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Jorge Hernandez
- Section of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, 751 85, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Jonas Waldenström
- Centre for Ecology and Evolution in Microbial Model Systems, School of Natural Sciences, Linnaeus University, 391 82, Kalmar, Sweden.
| | - Barry J McMahon
- UCD School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.
| | - Conny Tolf
- Centre for Ecology and Evolution in Microbial Model Systems, School of Natural Sciences, Linnaeus University, 391 82, Kalmar, Sweden.
| | - Björn Olsen
- Section of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, 751 85, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Mirva Drobni
- Section of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, 751 85, Uppsala, Sweden.
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Microbiology, Östersund Hospital, 831 83, Östersund, Sweden.
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Bonnedahl J, Hernandez J, Stedt J, Waldenström J, Olsen B, Drobni M. Extended-spectrum β-lactamases in Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae in Gulls, Alaska, USA. Emerg Infect Dis 2014; 20:897-9. [PMID: 24750592 PMCID: PMC4012786 DOI: 10.3201/eid2005.130325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Stedt J, Bonnedahl J, Hernandez J, McMahon BJ, Hasan B, Olsen B, Drobni M, Waldenström J. Antibiotic resistance patterns in Escherichia coli from gulls in nine European countries. Infect Ecol Epidemiol 2014; 4:21565. [PMID: 24427451 PMCID: PMC3889177 DOI: 10.3402/iee.v4.21565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2013] [Revised: 11/29/2013] [Accepted: 11/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The prevalence of antibiotic resistant faecal indicator bacteria from humans and food production animals has increased over the last decades. In Europe, resistance levels in Escherichia coli from these sources show a south-to-north gradient, with more widespread resistance in the Mediterranean region compared to northern Europe. Recent studies show that resistance levels can be high also in wildlife, but it is unknown to what extent resistance levels in nature conform to the patterns observed in human-associated bacteria. Methods To test this, we collected 3,158 faecal samples from breeding gulls (Larus sp.) from nine European countries and tested 2,210 randomly isolated E. coli for resistance against 10 antibiotics commonly used in human and veterinary medicine. Results Overall, 31.5% of the gull E. coli isolates were resistant to ≥1 antibiotic, but with considerable variation between countries: highest levels of isolates resistant to ≥1 antibiotic were observed in Spain (61.2%) and lowest levels in Denmark (8.3%). For each tested antibiotic, the Iberian countries were either the countries with the highest levels or in the upper range in between-country comparisons, while northern countries generally had a lower proportion of resistant E. coli isolates, thereby resembling the gradient of resistance seen in human and food animal sources. Conclusion We propose that gulls may serve as a sentinel of environmental levels of antibiotic resistant E. coli to complement studies of human-associated microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johan Stedt
- Centre for Ecology and Evolution in Microbial Model Systems, Linnaeus University, Kalmar, Sweden
| | - Jonas Bonnedahl
- Centre for Ecology and Evolution in Microbial Model Systems, Linnaeus University, Kalmar, Sweden ; Department of Infectious Diseases, Kalmar County Hospital, Kalmar, Sweden
| | - Jorge Hernandez
- Centre for Ecology and Evolution in Microbial Model Systems, Linnaeus University, Kalmar, Sweden
| | - Barry J McMahon
- Section of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Badrul Hasan
- UCD School of Agriculture & Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Björn Olsen
- UCD School of Agriculture & Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Mirva Drobni
- UCD School of Agriculture & Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Jonas Waldenström
- Centre for Ecology and Evolution in Microbial Model Systems, Linnaeus University, Kalmar, Sweden
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Hernandez J, Johansson A, Stedt J, Bengtsson S, Porczak A, Granholm S, González-Acuña D, Olsen B, Bonnedahl J, Drobni M. Characterization and comparison of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) resistance genotypes and population structure of Escherichia coli isolated from Franklin's gulls (Leucophaeus pipixcan) and humans in Chile. PLoS One 2013; 8:e76150. [PMID: 24098774 PMCID: PMC3786981 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0076150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2013] [Accepted: 08/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the general level of antibiotic resistance with further analysis of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) prevalence, as well as the population structure of E. coli in fecal flora of humans and Franklin’s gulls (Leucophaeus pipixcan) in central parts of Chile. We found a surprisingly high carriage rate of ESBL-producing E. coli among the gulls 112/372 (30.1%) as compared to the human population 6/49 (12.2%.) Several of the E. coli sequence types (STs) identified in birds have previously been reported as Multi Drug Resistant (MDR) human pathogens including the ability to produce ESBLs. This means that not only commensal flora is shared between birds and humans but also STs with pathogenic potential. Given the migratory behavior of Franklin’s gulls, they and other migratory species, may be a part of ESBL dissemination in the environment and over great geographic distances. Apart from keeping the antibiotic use low, breaking the transmission chains between the environment and humans must be a priority to hinder the dissemination of resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Hernandez
- Section of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Anders Johansson
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Johan Stedt
- Centre for Ecology and Evolution in Microbial Model Systems, School of Natural Sciences, Linnaeus University, Kalmar, Sweden
| | | | | | - Susanne Granholm
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Daniel González-Acuña
- Departamento de Ciencias Pecuarias, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Björn Olsen
- Section of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jonas Bonnedahl
- Centre for Ecology and Evolution in Microbial Model Systems, School of Natural Sciences, Linnaeus University, Kalmar, Sweden
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Kalmar County Hospital, Kalmar, Sweden
- * E-mail:
| | - Mirva Drobni
- Section of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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Hasan B, Sandegren L, Melhus A, Drobni M, Hernandez J, Waldenström J, Alam M, Olsen B. Antimicrobial drug-resistant Escherichia coli in wild birds and free-range poultry, Bangladesh. Emerg Infect Dis 2013; 18:2055-8. [PMID: 23171693 PMCID: PMC3557866 DOI: 10.3201/eid1812.120513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Multidrug resistance was found in 22.7% of Escherichia coli isolates from bird samples in Bangladesh; 30% produced extended-spectrum β-lactamases, including clones of CTX-M genes among wild and domestic birds. Unrestricted use of antimicrobial drugs in feed for domestic birds and the spread of resistance genes to the large bird reservoir in Bangladesh are growing problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Badrul Hasan
- Department of Medical Sciences/Section of Infectious Diseases, Uppsala University Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden.
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Hernández J, Lindberg P, Waldenström J, Drobni M, Olsen B. A novel Salmonella serovar isolated from Peregrine Falcon (Falco peregrinus) nestlings in Sweden: Salmonella enterica enterica serovar Pajala (Salmonella Pajala). Infect Ecol Epidemiol 2012; 2:IEE-2-7373. [PMID: 22957136 PMCID: PMC3432136 DOI: 10.3402/iee.v2i0.7373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2011] [Revised: 04/03/2012] [Accepted: 04/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel Salmonella serovar was isolated from Peregrine falcon (Falco peregrinus) nestlings in northern Sweden in 2006. Three isolates of the same clone was retrieved from three falcon siblings and characterized as Salmonella enterica sub-species enterica: O-phase 13, 23:-: e, n, z 15 and the H-phase was not present. We propose the geographical name Salmonella enterica, sub-species enterica serovar Pajala to this novel Salmonella.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Hernández
- Department of Medical Science, Section of Infectious Diseases, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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Hasan B, Faruque R, Drobni M, Waldenström J, Sadique A, Ahmed KU, Islam Z, Parvez MBH, Olsen B, Alam M. High prevalence of antibiotic resistance in pathogenic Escherichia coli from large- and small-scale poultry farms in Bangladesh. Avian Dis 2012; 55:689-92. [PMID: 22312993 DOI: 10.1637/9686-021411-reg.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance in avian bacterial pathogens is a common problem in the Bangladesh poultry industry. The aim of the present study was to provide information on the present status of antibiotic resistance patterns in avian pathogenic Escherichia coli in Bangladesh. Of 279 dead or sick poultry of different ages, 101 pathogenic E coli strains isolated from broilers and layer hens with colibacillosis infections were screened to determine phenotypic expression of antimicrobial resistance against 13 antibiotics used in both veterinary and human medicine in Bangladesh. Of 101 pathogenic E. coli isolates, more than 55% were resistant to at least one or more of the tested compounds, and 36.6% of the isolates showed multiple-drug-resistant phenotypes. The most common resistances observed were against tetracycline (45.5%), trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole (26.7%), nalidixic acid (25.7%), ampicillin (25.7%), and streptomycin (20.8%). Resistance to ciprofloxacin (12.9%), chlormaphenicol (8.9%), nitrofurantoin (2%), and gentamicin (2%) was also observed, and none of the isolates were resistant to tigecycline as well as extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) producers. One isolate was resistant to cefuroxime (1%), cefadroxil (1%), and mecillinam (1%) but was not an ESBL producer. Resistance rates, although significant in Bangladeshi isolates, were found to be lower than those reported for avian isolates from the Republic of Korea and clinical, avian, and environmental isolates from Bangladesh. The high level of antibiotic resistance in avian pathogens from Bangladesh is worrisome and indicates that widespread use of antibiotics as feed additives for growth promotion and disease prevention could have negative implications for human and animal health and the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Badrul Hasan
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, SE-75185 Uppsala, Sweden.
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Wallensten A, Hernandez J, Ardiles K, González-Acuña D, Drobni M, Olsen B. Extended spectrum beta-lactamases detected in Escherichia coli from gulls in Stockholm, Sweden. Infect Ecol Epidemiol 2011; 1:IEE-1-7030. [PMID: 22957123 PMCID: PMC3426345 DOI: 10.3402/iee.v1i0.7030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2011] [Revised: 06/22/2011] [Accepted: 07/05/2011] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to investigate if bacterial antibiotic resistance was present in gull populations in urbanised areas, we conducted a study in which faecal samples from gulls were collected in central Stockholm, Sweden in April and May 2010 and screened for extended spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL)-type antibiotic resistance. Eighteen of 194 randomly selected Escherichia coli isolates harboured ESBL of CTX-M phenotype. Since the bacteria are unlikely to have developed the resistance in gulls, it may indicate leakage of resistant bacteria to the environment. As many gulls find food and shelter in cities around the world and thereby share their habitat with dense human populations, the finding that as many as 9% of gulls carry ESBL-type antibiotic resistance may imply that zoonotic transmission between gulls, humans, and other animals is likely to occur in such places. This study illustrates how ecologically widespread the problem of antibiotic resistance has become and this has implications for future policy making to reduce the spread of bacteria with antibiotic resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anders Wallensten
- Department of Analysis and Prevention, Unit of Epidemiology and Evaluation, Swedish Institute for Communicable Disease Control, Solna, Sweden
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Bonnedahl J, Drobni P, Johansson A, Hernandez J, Melhus A, Stedt J, Olsen B, Drobni M. Characterization, and comparison, of human clinical and black-headed gull (Larus ridibundus) extended-spectrum -lactamase-producing bacterial isolates from Kalmar, on the southeast coast of Sweden. J Antimicrob Chemother 2010; 65:1939-44. [DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkq222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Hernandez J, Bonnedahl J, Eliasson I, Wallensten A, Comstedt P, Johansson A, Granholm S, Melhus A, Olsen B, Drobni M. Globally disseminated human pathogenic Escherichia coli of O25b-ST131 clone, harbouring blaCTX-M-15 , found in Glaucous-winged gull at remote Commander Islands, Russia. Environ Microbiol Rep 2010; 2:329-332. [PMID: 23766085 DOI: 10.1111/j.1758-2229.2010.00142.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
With focus on environmental dissemination of antibiotic resistance among clinically relevant bacteria, such as the rising ESBL type of resistance among Escherichia coli, we investigated antibiotic resistance levels in wild birds in the Commander Islands and Kamchatka, Russia. Despite overall low resistance levels in randomly selected E. coli (one from each sample), we found multi-resistant ESBL-producing E. coli harbouring blaCTX-M-14 and blaCTX-M-15 using selective screening. Among these multi-resistant ESBL-producing E. coli we found one blaCTX-M-15 harbouring strain belonging to the O25b-ST131 clone, recognized for its clonal disseminated worldwide as a human pathogen. The potential in acquiring resistant bacteria of human origin, especially highly pathogenic clones, as well as downstream consequences of that, should not be underestimated but further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Hernandez
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden. Laboratory Medicine, Trollhättan, Sweden. School of Natural Sciences, University of Kalmar, Kalmar, Sweden. Department of Clinical Microbiology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
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Bonnedahl J, Drobni M, Gauthier-Clerc M, Hernandez J, Granholm S, Kayser Y, Melhus Å, Kahlmeter G, Waldenström J, Johansson A, Olsen B. Dissemination of Escherichia coli with CTX-M type ESBL between humans and yellow-legged gulls in the south of France. PLoS One 2009; 4:e5958. [PMID: 19536298 PMCID: PMC2694269 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0005958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2009] [Accepted: 04/22/2009] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Extended Spectrum beta-Lactamase (ESBL) producing Enterobacteriaceae started to appear in the 1980s, and have since emerged as some of the most significant hospital-acquired infections with Escherichia coli and Klebsiella being main players. More than 100 different ESBL types have been described, the most widespread being the CTX-M beta-lactamase enzymes (bla(CTX-M) genes). This study focuses on the zoonotic dissemination of ESBL bacteria, mainly CTX-M type, in the southern coastal region of France. We found that the level of general antibiotic resistance in single randomly selected E. coli isolates from wild Yellow-legged Gulls in France was high. Nearly half the isolates (47.1%) carried resistance to one or more antibiotics (in a panel of six antibiotics), and resistance to tetracycline, ampicillin and streptomycin was most widespread. In an ESBL selective screen, 9.4% of the gulls carried ESBL producing bacteria and notably, 6% of the gulls carried bacteria harboring CTX-M-1 group of ESBL enzymes, a recently introduced and yet the most common clinical CTX-M group in France. Multi locus sequence type and phylogenetic group designations were established for the ESBL isolates, revealing that birds and humans share E. coli populations. Several ESBL producing E. coli isolated from birds were identical to or clustered with isolates with human origin. Hence, wild birds pick up E. coli of human origin, and with human resistance traits, and may accordingly also act as an environmental reservoir and melting pot of bacterial resistance with a potential to re-infect human populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Bonnedahl
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Infectious Diseases, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Clinical Microbiology, Kalmar County Hospital, Kalmar, Sweden
| | - Mirva Drobni
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Infectious Diseases, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- * E-mail:
| | | | - Jorge Hernandez
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Infectious Diseases, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Clinical Microbiology, Kalmar County Hospital, Kalmar, Sweden
| | - Susanne Granholm
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Bacteriology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Yves Kayser
- Centre de Recherche de la Tour du Valat, Le Sambuc, Arles, France
| | - Åsa Melhus
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Clinical Bacteriology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Gunnar Kahlmeter
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Clinical Bacteriology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Clinical Microbiology, Central Hospital, Växjö, Sweden
| | - Jonas Waldenström
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Infectious Diseases, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- School of Natural Sciences, Section of Zoonotic Ecology and Epidemiology, University of Kalmar, Kalmar, Sweden
| | - Anders Johansson
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Bacteriology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Björn Olsen
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Infectious Diseases, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- School of Natural Sciences, Section of Zoonotic Ecology and Epidemiology, University of Kalmar, Kalmar, Sweden
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Drobni M, Li T, Krüger C, Loimaranta V, Kilian M, Hammarström L, Jörnvall H, Bergman T, Strömberg N. Host-derived pentapeptide affecting adhesion, proliferation, and local pH in biofilm communities composed of Streptococcus and Actinomyces species. Infect Immun 2006; 74:6293-9. [PMID: 16940141 PMCID: PMC1695511 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00068-06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Salivary proline-rich proteins (PRPs) attach commensal Actinomyces and Streptococcus species to teeth. Here, gel filtration, mass spectrometry and Edman degradation were applied to show the release of a pentapeptide, RGRPQ, from PRP-1 upon proteolysis by Streptococcus gordonii. Moreover, synthetic RGRPQ and derivatives were used to investigate associated innate properties and responsible motifs. The RGRPQ peptide increased 2.5-fold the growth rate of S. gordonii via a Q-dependent sequence motif and selectively stimulated oral colonization of this organism in a rat model in vivo. In contrast, the growth of Streptococcus mutans, implicated in caries, was not affected. While the entire RGRPQ sequence was required to block sucrose-induced pH-decrease by S. gordonii and S. mutans, the N-terminal Arg residue mediated the pH increase (i.e., ammonia production) by S. gordonii alone (which exhibits Arg catabolism to ammonia). Strains of commensal viridans streptococci exhibited PRP degradation and Arg catabolism, whereas cariogenic species did not. The RGRPQ peptide mediated via a differential Q-dependent sequence motif, adhesion inhibition, and desorption of PRP-1-binding strains of A. naeslundii genospecies 2 (5 of 10 strains) but not of S. gordonii (n=5). The inhibitable A. naeslundii strains alone displayed the same binding profile as S. gordonii to hybrid peptides terminating in RGRPQ or GQSPQ, derived from the middle or C-terminal segments of PRP-1. The present findings indicate the presence of a host-bacterium interaction in which a host peptide released by bacterial proteolysis affects key properties in biofilm formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirva Drobni
- Department of Odontology/Cariology, Umeå University, SE-901 87 Umeå, and Division of Clinical Immunology, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
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Nobbs AH, Shearer BH, Drobni M, Jepson MA, Jenkinson HF. Adherence and internalization of Streptococcus gordonii by epithelial cells involves beta1 integrin recognition by SspA and SspB (antigen I/II family) polypeptides. Cell Microbiol 2006; 9:65-83. [PMID: 16879454 DOI: 10.1111/j.1462-5822.2006.00768.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Streptococcus gordonii is a commensal bacterium that colonizes the hard and soft tissues present in the human mouth and nasopharynx. The cell wall-anchored polypeptides SspA and SspB expressed by S. gordonii mediate a wide range of interactions with host proteins and other bacteria. In this article we have determined the role of SspA and SspB proteins, which are members of the streptococcal antigen I/II (AgI/II) adhesin family, in S. gordonii adherence and internalization by epithelial cells. Wild-type S. gordonii DL1 expressing AgI/II polypeptides attached to and was internalized by HEp-2 cells, whereas an isogenic AgI/II- mutant was reduced in adherence and was not internalized. Association of S. gordonii DL1 with HEp-2 cells triggered protein tyrosine phosphorylation but no significant actin rearrangement. By contrast, Streptococcus pyogenes A40 showed 50-fold higher levels of internalization and this was associated with actin polymerization and interleukin-8 upregulation. Adherence and internalization of S. gordonii by HEp-2 cells involved beta1 integrin recognition but was not fibronectin-dependent. Recombinant SspA and SspB polypeptides bound to purified human alpha5beta1 integrin through sequences present within the NAV (N-terminal) region of AgI/II polypeptide. AgI/II polypeptides blocked interactions of S. gordonii and S. pyogenes with HEp-2 cells, and S. gordonii DL1 cells expressing AgI/II proteins inhibited adherence and internalization of S. pyogenes by HEp-2 cells. Conversely, S. gordonii AgI/II- mutant cells did not inhibit internalization of S. pyogenes. The results suggest that AgI/II proteins not only promote integrin-mediated internalization of oral commensal streptococci by host cells, but also potentially influence susceptibility of host tissues to more pathogenic bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela H Nobbs
- Oral Microbiology Unit, Department of Oral and Dental Science, University of Bristol, Bristol BS1 2LY, UK
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Drobni M, Hallberg K, Öhman U, Birve A, Persson K, Johansson I, Strömberg N. Sequence analyses of fimbriae subunit FimA proteins on Actinomyces naeslundii genospecies 1 and 2 and Actinomyces odontolyticus with variant carbohydrate binding specificities. BMC Microbiol 2006; 6:43. [PMID: 16686953 PMCID: PMC1473193 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2180-6-43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2006] [Accepted: 05/10/2006] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Actinomyces naeslundii genospecies 1 and 2 express type-2 fimbriae (FimA subunit polymers) with variant Galβ binding specificities and Actinomyces odontolyticus a sialic acid specificity to colonize different oral surfaces. However, the fimbrial nature of the sialic acid binding property and sequence information about FimA proteins from multiple strains are lacking. Results Here we have sequenced fimA genes from strains of A.naeslundii genospecies 1 (n = 4) and genospecies 2 (n = 4), both of which harboured variant Galβ-dependent hemagglutination (HA) types, and from A.odontolyticus PK984 with a sialic acid-dependent HA pattern. Three unique subtypes of FimA proteins with 63.8–66.4% sequence identity were present in strains of A. naeslundii genospecies 1 and 2 and A. odontolyticus. The generally high FimA sequence identity (>97.2%) within a genospecies revealed species specific sequences or segments that coincided with binding specificity. All three FimA protein variants contained a signal peptide, pilin motif, E box, proline-rich segment and an LPXTG sorting motif among other conserved segments for secretion, assembly and sorting of fimbrial proteins. The highly conserved pilin, E box and LPXTG motifs are present in fimbriae proteins from other Gram-positive bacteria. Moreover, only strains of genospecies 1 were agglutinated with type-2 fimbriae antisera derived from A. naeslundii genospecies 1 strain 12104, emphasizing that the overall folding of FimA may generate different functionalities. Western blot analyses with FimA antisera revealed monomers and oligomers of FimA in whole cell protein extracts and a purified recombinant FimA preparation, indicating a sortase-independent oligomerization of FimA. Conclusion The genus Actinomyces involves a diversity of unique FimA proteins with conserved pilin, E box and LPXTG motifs, depending on subspecies and associated binding specificity. In addition, a sortase independent oligomerization of FimA subunit proteins in solution was indicated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirva Drobni
- Department of Odontology/Cariology, Umeå University, SE-901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Kristina Hallberg
- Department of Odontology/Cariology, Umeå University, SE-901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Ulla Öhman
- Department of Odontology/Cariology, Umeå University, SE-901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Anna Birve
- Department of Odontology/Cariology, Umeå University, SE-901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Karina Persson
- Department of Odontology/Cariology, Umeå University, SE-901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Ingegerd Johansson
- Department of Odontology/Cariology, Umeå University, SE-901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Nicklas Strömberg
- Department of Odontology/Cariology, Umeå University, SE-901 87 Umeå, Sweden
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Drobni M, Olsson IM, Eriksson C, Almqvist F, Strömberg N. Multivariate design and evaluation of a set of RGRPQ-derived innate immunity peptides. J Biol Chem 2006; 281:15164-71. [PMID: 16595685 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m511727200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral commensal Streptococcus gordonii proteolytically cleave the salivary PRP-1 polypeptide into an RGRPQ innate peptide. The Arg and Gln termini are crucial for RGRPQ-mediated ammonia production and proliferation by S. gordonii SK12 and adhesion inhibition and desorption by Actinomyces naeslundii T14V, respectively. Here we have applied (i) a multivariate approach using RGRPQ-related peptides varied at amino acids 2, 3, and 4 simultaneously and (ii) size and N- and C-terminal modifications of RGRPQ to generate structure activity information. While the N-terminal arginine motif mediated ammonia production independent of peptide size, other responses required more or less full-length peptide motifs. The motifs for adhesion inhibition and desorption were the same. The adhesion and proliferation motifs required similarly a hydrophobic/low polarity amino acid 4 but differentially a hydrophilic or hydrophobic character of amino acids 2/3, respectively; polar peptides with small/hydrophilic and hydrophilic amino acids 2 and 3, respectively, had high adhesion inhibition/desorption activity, and lipophilic peptides with large/hydrophobic amino acids 2 and 3 had high proliferation activity. Accordingly, while RIWWQ had increased proliferation but abolished adhesion/desorption activity, peptides designed with hydrophilic amino acids 2 and 3 were predicted to behave in the opposite way. Moreover, a RGRPQ mimetic for all three responses should mimic small hydrophilic, large nitrogen-containing, and hydrophobic/low polarity amino acids 2, 3, and 4, respectively. Peptides fulfilling these criteria were 1-1.6-fold improved in all three responses. Thus, both mimetics and peptides with differential proliferation and adhesion activities may be generated for evaluation in biofilm models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirva Drobni
- Department of Odontology/Cariology, UmeA University, SE-901 87 UmeA, Sweden
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