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Laznik Ž, Križman M, Zekič J, Roškarič M, Trdan S, Urbanek Krajnc A. The Role of Ascorbate-Glutathione System and Volatiles Emitted by Insect-Damaged Lettuce Roots as Navigation Signals for Insect and Slug Parasitic Nematodes. Insects 2023; 14:559. [PMID: 37367375 DOI: 10.3390/insects14060559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
The effect of wireworm-damaged lettuce roots on the antioxidative defense system (ascorbate-glutathione cycle, photosynthetic pigments) and movement of insect/slug parasitic nematodes towards determined root exudates was studied in a glasshouse experiment. Lettuce seedlings were grown in a substrate soil in the absence/presence of wireworms (Elateridae). The ascorbate-glutathione system and photosynthetic pigments were analyzed by HPLC, while volatile organic compounds (VOC) emitted by lettuce roots were investigated by GC-MS. Herbivore-induced root compounds, namely 2,4-nonadienal, glutathione, and ascorbic acid, were selected for a chemotaxis assay with nematodes Steinernema feltiae, S. carpocapsae, Heterorhabditis bacteriophora, Phasmarhabditis papillosa, and Oscheius myriophilus. Root pests had a negative effect on the content of photosynthetic pigments in the leaves of infested plants, indicating that they reacted to the presence of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Using lettuce as a model plant, we recognized the ascorbate-glutathione system as a redox hub in defense response against wireworms and analyzed its role in root-exudate-mediated chemotaxis of nematodes. Infected plants also demonstrated increased levels of volatile 2,4-nonadienal. Entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs, S. feltiae, S. carpocapsae, and H. bacteriophora) proved to be more mobile than parasitic nematodes O. myriophilus and P. papillosa towards chemotaxis compounds. Among them, 2,4-nonadienal repelled all tested nematodes. Most exudates that are involved in belowground tritrophic interactions remain unknown, but an increasing effort is being made in this field of research. Understanding more of these complex interactions would not only allow a better understanding of the rhizosphere but could also offer ecologically sound alternatives in the pest management of agricultural systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Žiga Laznik
- Department of Agronomy, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva 101, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Mitja Križman
- National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, SI-1001 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Jure Zekič
- National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, SI-1001 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Mihaela Roškarič
- Faculty of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Maribor, Pivola 10, SI-2311 Hoče, Slovenia
| | - Stanislav Trdan
- Department of Agronomy, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva 101, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Andreja Urbanek Krajnc
- Faculty of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Maribor, Pivola 10, SI-2311 Hoče, Slovenia
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Sečnik A, Štajner N, Radišek S, Kunej U, Križman M, Jakše J. Cytosine Methylation in Genomic DNA and Characterization of DNA Methylases and Demethylases and Their Expression Profiles in Viroid-Infected Hop Plants ( Humulus lupulus Var. 'Celeia'). Cells 2022; 11:cells11162592. [PMID: 36010668 PMCID: PMC9406385 DOI: 10.3390/cells11162592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Abiotic and biotic stresses can lead to changes in host DNA methylation, which in plants is also mediated by an RNA-directed DNA methylation mechanism. Infections with viroids have been shown to affect DNA methylation dynamics in different plant hosts. The aim of our research was to determine the content of 5-methylcytosine (5-mC) in genomic DNA at the whole genome level of hop plants (Humulus lupulus Var. 'Celeia') infected with different viroids and their combinations and to analyse the expression of the selected genes to improve our understanding of DNA methylation dynamics in plant-viroid systems. The adapted HPLC-UV method used proved to be suitable for this purpose, and thus we were able to estimate for the first time that the cytosine methylation level in viroid-free hop plants was 26.7%. Interestingly, the observed 5-mC level was the lowest in hop plants infected simultaneously with CBCVd, HLVd and HSVd (23.7%), whereas the highest level was observed in plants infected with HLVd (31.4%). In addition, we identified three DNA methylases and one DNA demethylase gene in the hop's draft genome. The RT-qPCR revealed upregulation of all newly identified genes in hop plants infected with all three viroids, while no altered expression was observed in any of the other hop plants tested, except for CBCVd-infected hop plants, in which one DNA methylase was also upregulated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrej Sečnik
- Department of Agronomy, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Nataša Štajner
- Department of Agronomy, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Sebastjan Radišek
- Plant Protection Department, Slovenian Institute of Hop Research and Brewing, 3310 Žalec, Slovenia
| | - Urban Kunej
- Department of Agronomy, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Mitja Križman
- Laboratory for Food Chemistry, National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Jernej Jakše
- Department of Agronomy, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +386-1-3203280
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Skubic C, Vovk I, Rozman D, Križman M. Simplified LC-MS Method for Analysis of Sterols in Biological Samples. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25184116. [PMID: 32916848 PMCID: PMC7571030 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25184116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 09/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
We developed a simple and robust liquid chromatographic/mass spectrometric method (LC-MS) for the quantitative analysis of 10 sterols from the late part of cholesterol synthesis (zymosterol, dehydrolathosterol, 7-dehydrodesmosterol, desmosterol, zymostenol, lathosterol, FFMAS, TMAS, lanosterol, and dihydrolanosterol) from cultured human hepatocytes in a single chromatographic run using a pentafluorophenyl (PFP) stationary phase. The method also avails on a minimized sample preparation procedure in order to obtain a relatively high sample throughput. The method was validated on 10 sterol standards that were detected in a single chromatographic LC-MS run without derivatization. Our developed method can be used in research or clinical applications for disease-related detection of accumulated cholesterol intermediates. Disorders in the late part of cholesterol synthesis lead to severe malformation in human patients. The developed method enables a simple, sensitive, and fast quantification of sterols, without the need of extended knowledge of the LC-MS technique, and represents a new analytical tool in the rising field of cholesterolomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cene Skubic
- Center for Functional Genomics and Bio-Chips, Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Zaloška cesta 4, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (C.S.); (D.R.)
| | - Irena Vovk
- Department of Food Chemistry, National Institute of Chemistry, Ljubljana, Hajdrihova 19, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
| | - Damjana Rozman
- Center for Functional Genomics and Bio-Chips, Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Zaloška cesta 4, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (C.S.); (D.R.)
| | - Mitja Križman
- Department of Food Chemistry, National Institute of Chemistry, Ljubljana, Hajdrihova 19, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +386-1-4760-266
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Chikhoune A, Gagaoua M, Nanema KD, Souleymane AS, Hafid K, Aliane K, Hadjal S, Madani K, Sentandreu E, Sentandreu MÁ, Boudjellal A, Križman M, Vovk I. Antioxidant Activity of Hibiscus sabdariffa Extracts Incorporated in an Emulsion System Containing Whey Proteins: Oxidative Stability and Polyphenol–Whey Proteins Interactions. Arab J Sci Eng 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s13369-017-2428-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Chikhoune A, Damjan Pavleca J, Shashkov M, Berroua Z, Chebbi K, Bougherra H, Zeroual B, Aliane K, Gagaoua M, Boudjellal A, Vovk I, Križman M. Antioxidant effect induced by the essential oil ofPituranthos scopariusin a formulation of a whey spread emulsion. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.13163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anis Chikhoune
- Equipe Maquav, Laboratoire BIOQUAL, I.N.A.T.A.A, Université Frères Mentouri Constantine, Route de Ain El-Bey; Constantine 25000 Algérie
| | - Jan Damjan Pavleca
- Laboratory for Food Chemistry; National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19; SI-1000 Ljubljana Slovenia
| | - Mikhail Shashkov
- Boreskov Institute of Catalysis SB RAS, Pr. Lavrentyeva. 5; Novosibirsk 630090 Russian Federation
- Novosibirsk state University, 630090, Pyrogova st, 2; Novosibirsk 630090 Russian Federation
| | - Zahra Berroua
- Département des Technologies Alimentaires; I.N.A.T.A.A, Université Frères Mentouri Constantine, Route de Ain El-Bey; Constantine 2500 Algérie
| | - Kaissa Chebbi
- Département des Technologies Alimentaires; I.N.A.T.A.A, Université Frères Mentouri Constantine, Route de Ain El-Bey; Constantine 2500 Algérie
| | - Hind Bougherra
- Département de Génie des Procédés, Université Abderrahmane Mira; Laboratoire des Matériaux Organiques; Bejaia 06000 Algérie
| | - Brahim Zeroual
- Cévital spa, nouveau quai, port de Bejaia, BP 334; Bejaia 06000 Algerie
| | - Khellaf Aliane
- Cévital spa, nouveau quai, port de Bejaia, BP 334; Bejaia 06000 Algerie
| | - Mohammed Gagaoua
- Equipe Maquav, Laboratoire BIOQUAL, I.N.A.T.A.A, Université Frères Mentouri Constantine, Route de Ain El-Bey; Constantine 25000 Algérie
| | - Abdelghani Boudjellal
- Equipe Maquav, Laboratoire BIOQUAL, I.N.A.T.A.A, Université Frères Mentouri Constantine, Route de Ain El-Bey; Constantine 25000 Algérie
| | - Irena Vovk
- Laboratory for Food Chemistry; National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19; SI-1000 Ljubljana Slovenia
| | - Mitja Križman
- Laboratory for Food Chemistry; National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19; SI-1000 Ljubljana Slovenia
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Schwarzlin R, Pušenjak N, Makuc D, Križman M, Vovk I, Plavec J, Švajger U. Synergistic complex from plants Solanaceae exhibits cytotoxicity for the human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line HepG2. Altern Ther Health Med 2016; 16:395. [PMID: 27756283 PMCID: PMC5070086 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-016-1362-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2016] [Accepted: 09/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Background It had been demonstrated that sugars from various plants can act as potent agents, which induce apoptosis of cancer cells. Methods Using HPLC, we fractionated a mixture of two plant extracts from the plant family Solanaceae, namely Capsicum chinense and the plant family Amaryllidaceae namely Allium sativum. We evaluated the effect of different fractions on apoptosis of HepG2 cell line. The most effective fraction was further studied to determine its molecular composition using mass spectrometry (MS) and NMR. We further evaluated the effect of determined molecular composition found in the selected fraction by using a mixture of commercially available substances, which were found in the fraction and tested its pro-apoptotic effect on HepG2 cells. To get some insight into potential apoptotic mechanisms we studied caspase-3 activity and mitochondrial integrity in treated cells. Results Out of 93 fractions obtained by HPLC from the plant extract we found HPLC fraction 10 (10 min elution) was the most effective. MS and NMR studies revealed high presence of cellobiose together with vitamin C, sulphur (S) and trace amounts of selenium (Se). HPLC fraction 10 triggered apoptosis of HepG2 within 3 h in the 0.01–1.0 mg/mL concentration range. Furthermore, a mixture of pure cellobiose, vitamin C, S and Se (complex cellobiose/C/S/Se) had a very similar capacity in inducing apoptosis of HepG2 cells compared to HPLC fraction 10. Complex cellobiose/C/S/Se was capable of inducing caspase-3 activity and led to loss of mitochondrial integrity. The capacity of cellobiose alone to induce apoptosis of HepG2 was approximately 1000-fold lower compared to complex cellobiose/C/S/Se. Conclusion In this study we present the highly synergistic effect of a unique complex consisting of cellobiose, vitamin C, sulphur and selenium on triggering the apoptosis of human hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) cell line.
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Križman M, Pušar A. Comprehensive thin layer chromatography×gas chromatography using headspace sampling modulation—A case study on fatty acid composition analysis. J Chromatogr A 2015; 1405:149-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2015.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2015] [Revised: 04/16/2015] [Accepted: 05/05/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Kotnik D, Šmidovnik A, Jazbec-Križman P, Križman M, Prošek M. Direct analysis of carbohydrates in animal plasma by ion chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry and pulsed amperometric detection for use as a non-invasive diagnostic tool. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2011; 879:3700-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2011.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2011] [Revised: 10/04/2011] [Accepted: 10/06/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Kotnik D, Smidovnik A, Jazbec-Križman P, Križman M, Prošek M. Overview of the development and application of the hyphenated techniques in nutritional analysis. Acta Chim Slov 2011; 58:203-211. [PMID: 24062028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of some sensitive assays for quantitative nutritional analysis with an emphasis on selected hyphenated analytical techniques is reviewed in the present paper. The majority of work is dedicated to reviewing the development of analytical tools for routine analysis of carbohydrates and lipids in biological samples, many of them introduced in our laboratory. Handling biological matrices, where endogenous compounds can mask the analyte of interest or where the occurrence of the coelution effect of several compounds present in different amounts hinders the analyte's peak integration, is a major challenge. To overcome this challenge, hyphenated techniques have become widespread in laboratory practice. Some of these techniques are reviewed, with special attention given to an effective on-line interface for thin-layer chromatography-mass spectrometry and on-line coupling thin-layer chromatography-gas chromatography. Recently introduced an on-line coupling of ion chromatograph and hybrid RF/DC quadrupole-linear ion trap mass spectrometer represent an analytical tool for the solution of bioanalytical problems. Developed methods using ion chromatography-pulsed amperometric detection and ion chromatography-mass spectrometry techniques for the quantitative evaluation of sugars are presented. This paper represents basic contributions of our research work connected with some of modern hyphenated techniques. However, this review is restricted to the published papers to be significant developments or improvements during the last three decades.
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Jazbec P, Šmidovnik A, Puklavec M, Križman M, Šribar J, Milivojević L, Prošek M. HPTLC and HPLC-MS quantification of coenzyme Q10 and cholesterol in fractionated chicken-breast tissue. JPC-J PLANAR CHROMAT 2009. [DOI: 10.1556/jpc.22.2009.6.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Križman M, Baričevič D, Prošek M. Fast quantitative determination of volatile constituents in fennel by headspace-gas chromatography. Anal Chim Acta 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2005.09.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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