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Mentzel F, Paino J, Barnes M, Cameron M, Corde S, Engels E, Kröninger K, Lerch M, Nackenhorst O, Rosenfeld A, Tehei M, Tsoi AC, Vogel S, Weingarten J, Hagenbuchner M, Guatelli S. Accurate and Fast Deep Learning Dose Prediction for a Preclinical Microbeam Radiation Therapy Study Using Low-Statistics Monte Carlo Simulations. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15072137. [PMID: 37046798 PMCID: PMC10093595 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15072137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Microbeam radiation therapy (MRT) utilizes coplanar synchrotron radiation beamlets and is a proposed treatment approach for several tumor diagnoses that currently have poor clinical treatment outcomes, such as gliosarcomas. Monte Carlo (MC) simulations are one of the most used methods at the Imaging and Medical Beamline, Australian Synchrotron to calculate the dose in MRT preclinical studies. The steep dose gradients associated with the 50μm-wide coplanar beamlets present a significant challenge for precise MC simulation of the dose deposition of an MRT irradiation treatment field in a short time frame. The long computation times inhibit the ability to perform dose optimization in treatment planning or apply online image-adaptive radiotherapy techniques to MRT. Much research has been conducted on fast dose estimation methods for clinically available treatments. However, such methods, including GPU Monte Carlo implementations and machine learning (ML) models, are unavailable for novel and emerging cancer radiotherapy options such as MRT. In this work, the successful application of a fast and accurate ML dose prediction model for a preclinical MRT rodent study is presented for the first time. The ML model predicts the peak doses in the path of the microbeams and the valley doses between them, delivered to the tumor target in rat patients. A CT imaging dataset is used to generate digital phantoms for each patient. Augmented variations of the digital phantoms are used to simulate with Geant4 the energy depositions of an MRT beam inside the phantoms with 15% (high-noise) and 2% (low-noise) statistical uncertainty. The high-noise MC simulation data are used to train the ML model to predict the energy depositions in the digital phantoms. The low-noise MC simulations data are used to test the predictive power of the ML model. The predictions of the ML model show an agreement within 3% with low-noise MC simulations for at least 77.6% of all predicted voxels (at least 95.9% of voxels containing tumor) in the case of the valley dose prediction and for at least 93.9% of all predicted voxels (100.0% of voxels containing tumor) in the case of the peak dose prediction. The successful use of high-noise MC simulations for the training, which are much faster to produce, accelerates the production of the training data of the ML model and encourages transfer of the ML model to different treatment modalities for other future applications in novel radiation cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Mentzel
- Department of Physics, TU Dortmund University, D-44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Jason Paino
- Centre for Medical Radiation Physics, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2500, Australia
| | - Micah Barnes
- Centre for Medical Radiation Physics, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2500, Australia
- Imaging and Medical Beamline, Australian Synchrotron, ANSTO, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Center, Physical Sciences, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Matthew Cameron
- Imaging and Medical Beamline, Australian Synchrotron, ANSTO, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
| | - Stéphanie Corde
- Centre for Medical Radiation Physics, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2500, Australia
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2500, Australia
- Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick, NSW 2031, Australia
| | - Elette Engels
- Centre for Medical Radiation Physics, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2500, Australia
- Imaging and Medical Beamline, Australian Synchrotron, ANSTO, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Center, Physical Sciences, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2500, Australia
| | - Kevin Kröninger
- Department of Physics, TU Dortmund University, D-44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Michael Lerch
- Centre for Medical Radiation Physics, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2500, Australia
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2500, Australia
| | - Olaf Nackenhorst
- Department of Physics, TU Dortmund University, D-44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Anatoly Rosenfeld
- Centre for Medical Radiation Physics, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2500, Australia
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2500, Australia
| | - Moeava Tehei
- Centre for Medical Radiation Physics, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2500, Australia
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2500, Australia
| | - Ah Chung Tsoi
- School of Computing and Information Technology, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2500, Australia
| | - Sarah Vogel
- Centre for Medical Radiation Physics, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2500, Australia
| | - Jens Weingarten
- Department of Physics, TU Dortmund University, D-44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Markus Hagenbuchner
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2500, Australia
- School of Computing and Information Technology, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2500, Australia
| | - Susanna Guatelli
- Centre for Medical Radiation Physics, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2500, Australia
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2500, Australia
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Khochaiche A, Westlake M, O'Keefe A, Engels E, Vogel S, Valceski M, Li N, Rule KC, Horvat J, Konstantinov K, Rosenfeld A, Lerch M, Corde S, Tehei M. First extensive study of silver-doped lanthanum manganite nanoparticles for inducing selective chemotherapy and radio-toxicity enhancement. Mater Sci Eng C Mater Biol Appl 2021; 123:111970. [PMID: 33812598 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2021.111970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Nanoparticles have a great potential to increase the therapeutic efficiency of several cancer therapies. This research examines the potential for silver-doped lanthanum manganite nanoparticles to enhance radiation therapy to target radioresistant brain cancer cells, and their potential in combinational therapy with magnetic hyperthermia. Magnetic and structural characterisation found all dopings of nanoparticles (NPs) to be pure and single phase with an average crystallite size of approximately 15 nm for undoped NPs and 20 nm for silver doped NPs. Additionally, neutron diffraction reveals that La0.9Ag0.1MnO3 (10%-LAGMO) NPs exhibit residual ferromagnetism at 300 K that is not present in lower doped NPs studied in this work, indicating that the Curie temperature may be manipulated according to silver doping. This radiobiological study reveals a completely cancer-cell selective treatment for LaMnO3, La0.975Ag0.025MnO3 and La0.95Ag0.05MnO3 (0, 2.5 and 5%-LAGMO) and also uncovers a potent combination of undoped lanthanum manganite with orthovoltage radiation. Cell viability assays and real time imaging results indicated that a concentration of 50 μg/mL of the aforementioned nanoparticles do not affect the growth of Madin-Darby Canine Kidney (MDCK) non-cancerous cells over time, but stimulate its metabolism for overgrowth, while being highly toxic to 9L gliosarcoma (9LGS). This is not the case for 10%-LAGMO nanoparticles, which were toxic to both non-cancerous and cancer cell lines. The nanoparticles also exhibited a level of toxicity that was regulated by the overproduction of free radicals, such as reactive oxygen species, amplified when silver ions are involved. With the aid of fluorescent imaging, the drastic effects of these reactive oxygen species were visualised, where nucleus cleavage (an apoptotic indicator) was identified as a major consequence. The genotoxic response of this effect for 9LGS and MDCK due to 10%-LAGMO NPs indicates that it is also causing DNA double strand breaks within the cell nucleus. Using 125 kVp orthovoltage radiation, in combination with an appropriate amount of NP-induced cell death, identified undoped lanthanum manganite as the most ideal treatment. Real-time imaging following the combination treatment of undoped lanthanum manganite nanoparticles and radiation, highlighted a hinderance of growth for 9LGS, while MDCK growth was boosted. The clonogenic assay following incubation with undoped lanthanum manganite nanoparticles combined with a relatively low dose of radiation (2 Gy) decreased the surviving fraction to an exceptionally low (0.6 ± 6.7)%. To our knowledge, these results present the first biological in-depth analysis on silver-doped lanthanum manganite as a brain cancer selective chemotherapeutic and radiation dose enhancer and as a result will propel its first in vivo investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abass Khochaiche
- Centre for Medical Radiation Physics, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia; School of Physics, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia; Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute (IHMRI), University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia; Molecular Horizons, School of Chemistry and Molecular, Bioscience University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
| | - Matt Westlake
- Centre for Medical Radiation Physics, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia; School of Physics, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia; Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute (IHMRI), University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia; Molecular Horizons, School of Chemistry and Molecular, Bioscience University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
| | - Alice O'Keefe
- Centre for Medical Radiation Physics, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia; School of Physics, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia; Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute (IHMRI), University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia; Molecular Horizons, School of Chemistry and Molecular, Bioscience University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
| | - Elette Engels
- Centre for Medical Radiation Physics, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia; School of Physics, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia; Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute (IHMRI), University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia; Molecular Horizons, School of Chemistry and Molecular, Bioscience University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
| | - Sarah Vogel
- Centre for Medical Radiation Physics, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia; School of Physics, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia; Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute (IHMRI), University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia; Molecular Horizons, School of Chemistry and Molecular, Bioscience University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
| | - Michael Valceski
- Centre for Medical Radiation Physics, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia; School of Physics, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia; Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute (IHMRI), University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia; Molecular Horizons, School of Chemistry and Molecular, Bioscience University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
| | - Nan Li
- Centre for Medical Radiation Physics, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia; School of Physics, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia; Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute (IHMRI), University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
| | - Kirrily C Rule
- Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, ANSTO, Sydney, Australia
| | - Josip Horvat
- School of Physics, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
| | - Konstantin Konstantinov
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute (IHMRI), University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia; Institute for Superconducting and Electronic Materials (ISEM), University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
| | - Anatoly Rosenfeld
- Centre for Medical Radiation Physics, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia; School of Physics, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia; Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute (IHMRI), University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
| | - Michael Lerch
- Centre for Medical Radiation Physics, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia; School of Physics, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia; Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute (IHMRI), University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia; Molecular Horizons, School of Chemistry and Molecular, Bioscience University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
| | - Stéphanie Corde
- Centre for Medical Radiation Physics, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia; School of Physics, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia; Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute (IHMRI), University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia; Department of Radiation Oncology, Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick, Australia
| | - Moeava Tehei
- Centre for Medical Radiation Physics, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia; School of Physics, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia; Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute (IHMRI), University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia; Molecular Horizons, School of Chemistry and Molecular, Bioscience University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia.
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Hsu NS, Tehei M, Hossain MS, Rosenfeld A, Shiddiky MJA, Sluyter R, Dou SX, Yamauchi Y, Konstantinov K. Oxi-Redox Selective Breast Cancer Treatment: An In Vitro Study of Theranostic In-Based Oxide Nanoparticles for Controlled Generation or Prevention of Oxidative Stress. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2021; 13:2204-2217. [PMID: 33399455 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c17326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In this article, we demonstrate that specifically engineered oxide nanoparticles (NPs) have the potential to act as theranostic materials that are able to generate or prevent oxidative stress through their oxi-redox activity in various types of malignant and nonmalignant cells. The oxi-redox activity is related to the type and presence of surface defects, which is modified with appropriate synthesis conditions. In the present work, we used MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 human breast cancer cells and nonmalignant MCF-10A human breast cells to demonstrate how controlled oxidative stress mediated by specifically nanoengineered indium tin oxide (ITO) NPs can selectively induce cell death in the cancer cells while reducing the oxidative stress in the normal cells and supporting their proliferation. The ITO NPs are also promising nanotheranostic materials for cancer therapy and contrast agents because of their multimodal imaging capabilities. We demonstrate that the synthesized ITO NPs can selectively increase the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in both breast tumor cell lines, resulting in activation of apoptosis, and can also greatly suppress the cellular proliferation in both types of tumor cells. In contrast, the ITO NPs exhibit ROS scavenging-like behavior, significantly decreasing the ROS levels in MCF-10A cells exposed to the additional ROS, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), so that they protect the proliferation of nonmalignant MCF-10A cells from ROS damage. In addition, fluorescent microscopy images revealed that the ITO NPs emit strong fluorescence that could be used to reveal their location. Moreover, computed tomography imaging demonstrated that the ITO NPs exhibited a comparable capability toward anatomical contrast enhancement. These results suggest that the synthesized ITO NPs have the potential to be a novel selective therapeutic agent with a multimodal imaging property for anticancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nai-Sheng Hsu
- Institute for Superconducting and Electronic Materials, Australian Institute for Innovative Materials, University of Wollongong, 2500 North Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, 2500 Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Moeava Tehei
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, 2500 Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
- Centre for Medical and Radiation Physics, Faculty of Engineering and Information Science, University of Wollongong, 2500 Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Md Shahriar Hossain
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, School of Mechanical and Mining Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Architecture and Information Technology, The University of Queensland, 4072 Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Anatoly Rosenfeld
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, 2500 Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
- Centre for Medical and Radiation Physics, Faculty of Engineering and Information Science, University of Wollongong, 2500 Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Muhammad J A Shiddiky
- School of Environment and Science (ESC) & Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology Centre (QMNC), Griffith University, Nathan Campus, Nathan, Queensland 4111, Australia
| | - Ronald Sluyter
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, 2500 Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Chemistry and Medical Biology, Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health, University of Wollongong, 2500 Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Shi Xue Dou
- Institute for Superconducting and Electronic Materials, Australian Institute for Innovative Materials, University of Wollongong, 2500 North Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Yusuke Yamauchi
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology and School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Queensland, 4702 Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- JST-ERATO Yamauchi Materials Space-Tectonics Project and International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (WPI-MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044Japan
| | - Konstantin Konstantinov
- Institute for Superconducting and Electronic Materials, Australian Institute for Innovative Materials, University of Wollongong, 2500 North Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, 2500 Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
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Engels E, Bakr S, Bolst D, Sakata D, Li N, Lazarakis P, McMahon SJ, Ivanchenko V, Rosenfeld AB, Incerti S, Kyriakou I, Emfietzoglou D, Lerch MLF, Tehei M, Corde S, Guatelli S. Advances in modelling gold nanoparticle radiosensitization using new Geant4-DNA physics models. Phys Med Biol 2020; 65:225017. [PMID: 32916674 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/abb7c2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Gold nanoparticles have demonstrated significant radiosensitization of cancer treatment with x-ray radiotherapy. To understand the mechanisms at the basis of nanoparticle radiosensitization, Monte Carlo simulations are used to investigate the dose enhancement, given a certain nanoparticle concentration and distribution in the biological medium. Earlier studies have ordinarily used condensed history physics models to predict nanoscale dose enhancement with nanoparticles. This study uses Geant4-DNA complemented with novel track structure physics models to accurately describe electron interactions in gold and to calculate the dose surrounding gold nanoparticle structures at nanoscale level. The computed dose in silico due to a clinical kilovoltage beam and the presence of gold nanoparticles was related to in vitro brain cancer cell survival using the local effect model. The comparison of the simulation results with radiobiological experimental measurements shows that Geant4-DNA and local effect model can be used to predict cell survival in silico in the case of x-ray kilovoltage beams.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elette Engels
- Centre for Medical Radiation Physics, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia. Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
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Perry J, Minaei E, Engels E, Ashford BG, McAlary L, Clark JR, Gupta R, Tehei M, Corde S, Carolan M, Ranson M. Thulium oxide nanoparticles as radioenhancers for the treatment of metastatic cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma. Phys Med Biol 2020; 65:215018. [PMID: 32726756 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/abaa5d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Metastases from cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) occur in 2%-5% of cases. Surgery is the standard treatment, often combined with adjuvant radiotherapy. Concurrent carboplatin treatment with post-operative radiotherapy may be prescribed, although it has not shown benefit in recent clinical trials in high-risk cSCC patients. The novel high-Z nanoparticle thulium (III) oxide has been shown to enhance radiation dose delivery to brain tumors by specific uptake of these nanoparticles into the cancerous tissue. As the dose-enhancement capacity of thulium oxide nanoparticles following radiotherapy against metastatic cSCC cells is unknown, its efficacy as a radiosensitizer was evaluated, with and without carboplatin. Novel and validated human patient-derived cell lines of metastatic cSCC were used. The sensitivity of the cells to radiation was investigated using short-term proliferation assays as well as clonogenic survival as the radiobiological endpoint. Briefly, cells were irradiated with 125 kVp orthovoltage x-rays (0-6 Gy) with and without thulium oxide nanoparticles (99.9% trace metals basis; 50 µg ml-1) or low dose carboplatin pre-sensitization. Cellular uptake of the nanoparticles was first confirmed by microscopy and found to have no impact on short-term cell survival for the cSCC cells, highlighting the biocompatibility of thulium oxide nanoparticles. Clonogenic cell survival assays confirmed radio-sensitization when exposed to thulium nanoparticles, with the cell sensitivity increasing by a factor of 1.24 (calculated at the 10% survival fraction) for the irradiated cSCC cells. The combination of carboplatin with thulium oxide nanoparticles with irradiation did not result in significant further reductions in survival compared to nanoparticles alone. This is the first study to provide in vitro data demonstrating the independent radiosensitization effect of high-Z nanoparticles against metastatic cSCC with or without carboplatin. Further preclinical investigations with radiotherapy plus high-Z nanoparticles for the management of metastatic cSCC are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jay Perry
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute (IHMRI), Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia. School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia. Centre for Oncology Education and Research Translation (CONCERT), NSW 2170, Australia
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6
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Bartzsch S, Corde S, Crosbie JC, Day L, Donzelli M, Krisch M, Lerch M, Pellicioli P, Smyth LML, Tehei M. Technical advances in x-ray microbeam radiation therapy. Phys Med Biol 2020; 65:02TR01. [PMID: 31694009 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/ab5507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
In the last 25 years microbeam radiation therapy (MRT) has emerged as a promising alternative to conventional radiation therapy at large, third generation synchrotrons. In MRT, a multi-slit collimator modulates a kilovoltage x-ray beam on a micrometer scale, creating peak dose areas with unconventionally high doses of several hundred Grays separated by low dose valley regions, where the dose remains well below the tissue tolerance level. Pre-clinical evidence demonstrates that such beam geometries lead to substantially reduced damage to normal tissue at equal tumour control rates and hence drastically increase the therapeutic window. Although the mechanisms behind MRT are still to be elucidated, previous studies indicate that immune response, tumour microenvironment, and the microvasculature may play a crucial role. Beyond tumour therapy, MRT has also been suggested as a microsurgical tool in neurological disorders and as a primer for drug delivery. The physical properties of MRT demand innovative medical physics and engineering solutions for safe treatment delivery. This article reviews technical developments in MRT and discusses existing solutions for dosimetric validation, reliable treatment planning and safety. Instrumentation at synchrotron facilities, including beam production, collimators and patient positioning systems, is also discussed. Specific solutions reviewed in this article include: dosimetry techniques that can cope with high spatial resolution, low photon energies and extremely high dose rates of up to 15 000 Gy s-1, dose calculation algorithms-apart from pure Monte Carlo Simulations-to overcome the challenge of small voxel sizes and a wide dynamic dose-range, and the use of dose-enhancing nanoparticles to combat the limited penetrability of a kilovoltage energy spectrum. Finally, concepts for alternative compact microbeam sources are presented, such as inverse Compton scattering set-ups and carbon nanotube x-ray tubes, that may facilitate the transfer of MRT into a hospital-based clinical environment. Intensive research in recent years has resulted in practical solutions to most of the technical challenges in MRT. Treatment planning, dosimetry and patient safety systems at synchrotrons have matured to a point that first veterinary and clinical studies in MRT are within reach. Should these studies confirm the promising results of pre-clinical studies, the authors are confident that MRT will become an effective new radiotherapy option for certain patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Bartzsch
- Department of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Munich, Germany. Helmholtz Centre Munich, Institute for Radiation Medicine, Munich, Germany
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Li N, Engels E, Davis JA, Dipuglia A, Vogel S, Valceski M, Rosenfeld AB, Lerch MLF, Corde S, Tehei M. Polo-like kinase 1 inhibitor BI6727 sensitizes 9L gliosarcoma cells to ionizing irradiation. Biomed Phys Eng Express 2019. [DOI: 10.1088/2057-1976/ab4d0e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Bogusz K, Tehei M, Cardillo D, Lerch M, Rosenfeld A, Dou SX, Liu HK, Konstantinov K. High toxicity of Bi(OH) 3 and α-Bi 2O 3 nanoparticles towards malignant 9L and MCF-7 cells. Mater Sci Eng C Mater Biol Appl 2018; 93:958-967. [PMID: 30274133 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2018.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Revised: 08/04/2018] [Accepted: 09/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Here we report the extreme toxicity in vitro of Bi(OH)3 and α-Bi2O3 nanoparticles (NPs), obtained through a facile synthesis with an average single particle size of 6-10 nm, tested on malignant gliosarcoma 9L and MCF-7 human breast cancer cells. For both nanomaterials, clonogenic assays reveal a mortality of over 90% in 9L and MCF-7 cells for a concentration of 50 μg/mL after incubation for 24 h. Moreover, the NPs show a significant mortality of up to 60% in the malignant cells at the very low concentration of 6.25 μg/mL. In contrast, at the same concentration, the nanomaterials exhibit no noticeable mortality towards normal Madin-Darby canine kidney cells. The internalisation of the NPs was demonstrated using flow cytometry and confocal microscopy was used to investigate when the loss of cell viability starts. The NPs show a faster cell death in 9L cells compared with MCF-7 cells, demonstrated via the identification of apoptosis through increased sub G1 levels after 24 h of NP incubation. Cleavage is identified as the main apoptotic nuclear morphology in 9L, which suggests the presence of reactive oxygen species.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Bogusz
- Institute for Superconducting and Electronic Materials, Australian Institute for Innovative Materials, University of Wollongong, NSW, Australia; Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - M Tehei
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, NSW, Australia; School of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health, University of Wollongong, NSW, Australia; Centre for Medical and Radiation Physics, Faculty of Engineering and Information Science, University of Wollongong, NSW, Australia.
| | - D Cardillo
- Institute for Superconducting and Electronic Materials, Australian Institute for Innovative Materials, University of Wollongong, NSW, Australia; Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - M Lerch
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, NSW, Australia; Centre for Medical and Radiation Physics, Faculty of Engineering and Information Science, University of Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - A Rosenfeld
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, NSW, Australia; Centre for Medical and Radiation Physics, Faculty of Engineering and Information Science, University of Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - S X Dou
- Institute for Superconducting and Electronic Materials, Australian Institute for Innovative Materials, University of Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - H K Liu
- Institute for Superconducting and Electronic Materials, Australian Institute for Innovative Materials, University of Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - K Konstantinov
- Institute for Superconducting and Electronic Materials, Australian Institute for Innovative Materials, University of Wollongong, NSW, Australia; Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, NSW, Australia.
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9
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Engels E, Westlake M, Li N, Vogel S, Gobert Q, Thorpe N, Rosenfeld A, Lerch M, Corde S, Tehei M. Thulium Oxide Nanoparticles: A new candidate for image-guided radiotherapy. Biomed Phys Eng Express 2018. [DOI: 10.1088/2057-1976/aaca01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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10
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Minaei E, Brungs D, Engels E, Vine K, Tehei M, Corde S, Ranson M. PO-437 Drug and radio sensitivity profile of a primary CTC cell line derived from a patient with metastatic neuroendocrine tumour of the distal oesophagus. ESMO Open 2018. [DOI: 10.1136/esmoopen-2018-eacr25.948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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11
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McDonald M, Oktaria S, Konstantinov K, Rosenfeld A, Lerch M, Corde S, Tehei M. Radiosensitisation enhancement effect of BrUdR and Ta
2
O
5
NSPs in combination with 5-Fluorouracil antimetabolite in kilovoltage and megavoltage radiation. Biomed Phys Eng Express 2018. [DOI: 10.1088/2057-1976/aabab2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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12
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Lazarakis P, Incerti S, Ivanchenko V, Kyriakou I, Emfietzoglou D, Corde S, Rosenfeld AB, Lerch M, Tehei M, Guatelli S. Investigation of track structure and condensed history physics models for applications in radiation dosimetry on a micro and nano scale in Geant4. Biomed Phys Eng Express 2018. [DOI: 10.1088/2057-1976/aaa6aa] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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13
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Engels E, Lerch M, Tehei M, Konstantinov K, Guatelli S, Rosenfeld A, Corde S. Synchrotron activation radiotherapy: Effects of dose-rate and energy spectra to tantalum oxide nanoparticles selective tumour cell radiosentization enhancement. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1088/1742-6596/777/1/012011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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14
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Brown R, Corde S, Oktaria S, Konstantinov K, Rosenfeld A, Lerch M, Tehei M. Nanostructures, concentrations and energies: an ideal equation to extend therapeutic efficiency on radioresistant 9L tumor cells using ${{\rm{Ta}}}_{2}{{\rm{O}}}_{5}$ ceramic nanostructured particles. Biomed Phys Eng Express 2017. [DOI: 10.1088/2057-1976/aa56f2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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15
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McKinnon S, Engels E, Tehei M, Konstantinov K, Corde S, Oktaria S, Incerti S, Lerch M, Rosenfeld A, Guatelli S. Study of the effect of ceramic Ta2O5 nanoparticle distribution on cellular dose enhancement in a kilovoltage photon field. Phys Med 2016; 32:1216-1224. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmp.2016.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2016] [Revised: 09/05/2016] [Accepted: 09/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
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16
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Cardillo D, Tehei M, Hossain MS, Islam MM, Bogusz K, Shi D, Mitchell D, Lerch M, Rosenfeld A, Corde S, Konstantinov K. Synthesis-Dependent Surface Defects and Morphology of Hematite Nanoparticles and Their Effect on Cytotoxicity in Vitro. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2016; 8:5867-5876. [PMID: 26881459 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b12065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we investigate the toxicity of hematite (α-Fe2O3) nanoparticles on the Madin-Darby Canine Kidney (MDCK) cell line. The oxide particles have been synthesized through two different methods and annealing conditions. These two methods, spray precipitation and precipitation, resulted in particles with rod-like and spherical morphology and feature different particle sizes, surface features, and magnetic properties. Through flow cytometry it was found that particle morphology heavily influences the degree to which the nanomaterials are internalized into the cells. It was also found that the ability of the nanoparticles to generate free radicals species is hindered by the formation of tetrahedrally coordinated maghemite-like (γ-Fe2O3) spinel defects on the surfaces of the particles. The combination of these two factors resulted in variable cytotoxic effects of the hematite nanoparticles synthesized with different conditions. This article highlights the importance on the fabrication method, materials properties, and surface characteristics on the cytotoxicity of hematite nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Stéphanie Corde
- Radiation Oncology Department, Prince of Wales Hospital , Randwick, NSW 2031, Australia
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17
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Cardillo D, Weiss M, Tehei M, Devers T, Rosenfeld A, Konstantinov K. Multifunctional Fe2O3/CeO2 nanocomposites for free radical scavenging ultraviolet protection. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra10951a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study we synthesized Fe2O3/CeO2 composite nanoparticles with high ultraviolet absorption and free radical scavenging properties for application as multifunctional ultraviolet (UV) filters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dean Cardillo
- Institute for Superconducting and Electronic Materials
- Australian Institute for Innovative Materials
- University of Wollongong
- Australia
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute
| | - Martin Weiss
- Institute for Superconducting and Electronic Materials
- Australian Institute for Innovative Materials
- University of Wollongong
- Australia
| | - Moeava Tehei
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute
- University of Wollongong
- Australia
- Centre for Medical and Radiation Physics
- University of Wollongong
| | - Thierry Devers
- Interface, Confinement, Matriaux et Nanostructures ICMN UMR737
- Site IUT de Chartres
- France
| | - Anatoly Rosenfeld
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute
- University of Wollongong
- Australia
- Centre for Medical and Radiation Physics
- University of Wollongong
| | - Konstantin Konstantinov
- Institute for Superconducting and Electronic Materials
- Australian Institute for Innovative Materials
- University of Wollongong
- Australia
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18
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Oktaria S, Corde S, Lerch MLF, Konstantinov K, Rosenfeld AB, Tehei M. Indirect radio-chemo-beta therapy: a targeted approach to increase biological efficiency of x-rays based on energy. Phys Med Biol 2015; 60:7847-59. [DOI: 10.1088/0031-9155/60/20/7847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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19
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Trapp M, Tehei M, Trovaslet M, Nachon F, Martinez N, Koza MM, Weik M, Masson P, Peters J. Correlation of the dynamics of native human acetylcholinesterase and its inhibited huperzine A counterpart from sub-picoseconds to nanoseconds. J R Soc Interface 2015; 11:20140372. [PMID: 24872501 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2014.0372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
It is a long debated question whether catalytic activities of enzymes, which lie on the millisecond timescale, are possibly already reflected in variations in atomic thermal fluctuations on the pico- to nanosecond timescale. To shed light on this puzzle, the enzyme human acetylcholinesterase in its wild-type form and complexed with the inhibitor huperzine A were investigated by various neutron scattering techniques and molecular dynamics simulations. Previous results on elastic neutron scattering at various timescales and simulations suggest that dynamical processes are not affected on average by the presence of the ligand within the considered time ranges between 10 ps and 1 ns. In the work presented here, the focus was laid on quasi-elastic (QENS) and inelastic neutron scattering (INS). These techniques give access to different kinds of individual diffusive motions and to the density of states of collective motions at the sub-picoseconds timescale. Hence, they permit going beyond the first approach of looking at mean square displacements. For both samples, the autocorrelation function was well described by a stretched-exponential function indicating a linkage between the timescales of fast and slow functional relaxation dynamics. The findings of the QENS and INS investigation are discussed in relation to the results of our earlier elastic incoherent neutron scattering and molecular dynamics simulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Trapp
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, Lise-Meitner Campus, Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1, 14109 Berlin, Germany
| | - M Tehei
- School of Chemistry, University of Wollongong, New South Wales 2522, Australia Centre for Medical Bioscience, Australian Institute of Nuclear Science and Engineering (AINSE), Menai, New South Wales, Australia
| | - M Trovaslet
- Institut de Biologie Structurale J.-P. Ebel, UMR 5075, CNRS-CEA-UJF, 38042 Grenoble Cédex 9, France Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, 91223 Brétigny sur Orge, France
| | - F Nachon
- Institut de Biologie Structurale J.-P. Ebel, UMR 5075, CNRS-CEA-UJF, 38042 Grenoble Cédex 9, France Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, 91223 Brétigny sur Orge, France
| | - N Martinez
- Institut de Biologie Structurale J.-P. Ebel, UMR 5075, CNRS-CEA-UJF, 38042 Grenoble Cédex 9, France Institut Laue Langevin, 38042 Grenoble Cédex 9, France Université Joseph Fourier, UFR PhITEM, 38041 Grenoble Cédex 9, France
| | - M M Koza
- Institut Laue Langevin, 38042 Grenoble Cédex 9, France
| | - M Weik
- Institut de Biologie Structurale J.-P. Ebel, UMR 5075, CNRS-CEA-UJF, 38042 Grenoble Cédex 9, France
| | - P Masson
- Institut de Biologie Structurale J.-P. Ebel, UMR 5075, CNRS-CEA-UJF, 38042 Grenoble Cédex 9, France
| | - J Peters
- Institut de Biologie Structurale J.-P. Ebel, UMR 5075, CNRS-CEA-UJF, 38042 Grenoble Cédex 9, France Institut Laue Langevin, 38042 Grenoble Cédex 9, France Université Joseph Fourier, UFR PhITEM, 38041 Grenoble Cédex 9, France
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20
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Trapp M, Marion J, Tehei M, Demé B, Gutberlet T, Peters J. High hydrostatic pressure effects investigated by neutron scattering on lipid multilamellar vesicles. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2014; 15:20951-6. [PMID: 24201561 DOI: 10.1039/c3cp52762j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The effects of high hydrostatic pressure on the structure and dynamics of model membrane systems were investigated using neutron scattering. Diffraction experiments show shifts of the pre- and main-phase transitions of multilamellar vesicles of 1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DMPC) to higher temperatures with increased pressure which are close to results observed previously by other techniques, namely (10.4 ± 1.0) K kbar(-1) and (20.0 ± 0.5) K kbar(-1) for the two transitions. Backscattering spectroscopy reveals that the mean square displacements in the liquid phase are about 10% smaller at 300 bar and about 20% smaller at 600 bar compared to atmospheric pressure, whereas in the gel phase below the main phase transition the mean square displacements show a smaller difference in the dynamics of the three pressure values within the studied pressure range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus Trapp
- Angewandte Physikalische Chemie, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 253, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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21
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Bogusz K, Tehei M, Stewart C, McDonald M, Cardillo D, Lerch M, Corde S, Rosenfeld A, Liu HK, Konstantinov K. Synthesis of potential theranostic system consisting of methotrexate-immobilized (3-aminopropyl)trimethoxysilane coated α-Bi2O3 nanoparticles for cancer treatment. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra02160f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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22
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Ozawa K, Horan NP, Robinson A, Yagi H, Hill FR, Jergic S, Xu ZQ, Loscha KV, Li N, Tehei M, Oakley AJ, Otting G, Huber T, Dixon NE. Proofreading exonuclease on a tether: the complex between the E. coli DNA polymerase III subunits α, epsilon, θ and β reveals a highly flexible arrangement of the proofreading domain. Nucleic Acids Res 2013; 41:5354-67. [PMID: 23580545 PMCID: PMC3664792 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkt162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2013] [Revised: 02/18/2013] [Accepted: 02/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
A complex of the three (αεθ) core subunits and the β2 sliding clamp is responsible for DNA synthesis by Pol III, the Escherichia coli chromosomal DNA replicase. The 1.7 Å crystal structure of a complex between the PHP domain of α (polymerase) and the C-terminal segment of ε (proofreading exonuclease) subunits shows that ε is attached to α at a site far from the polymerase active site. Both α and ε contain clamp-binding motifs (CBMs) that interact simultaneously with β2 in the polymerization mode of DNA replication by Pol III. Strengthening of both CBMs enables isolation of stable αεθ:β2 complexes. Nuclear magnetic resonance experiments with reconstituted αεθ:β2 demonstrate retention of high mobility of a segment of 22 residues in the linker that connects the exonuclease domain of ε with its α-binding segment. In spite of this, small-angle X-ray scattering data show that the isolated complex with strengthened CBMs has a compact, but still flexible, structure. Photo-crosslinking with p-benzoyl-L-phenylalanine incorporated at different sites in the α-PHP domain confirm the conformational variability of the tether. Structural models of the αεθ:β2 replicase complex with primer-template DNA combine all available structural data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiyoshi Ozawa
- School of Chemistry, University of Wollongong, Northfields Avenue, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia and Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia
| | - Nicholas P. Horan
- School of Chemistry, University of Wollongong, Northfields Avenue, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia and Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia
| | - Andrew Robinson
- School of Chemistry, University of Wollongong, Northfields Avenue, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia and Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia
| | - Hiromasa Yagi
- School of Chemistry, University of Wollongong, Northfields Avenue, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia and Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia
| | - Flynn R. Hill
- School of Chemistry, University of Wollongong, Northfields Avenue, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia and Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia
| | - Slobodan Jergic
- School of Chemistry, University of Wollongong, Northfields Avenue, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia and Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia
| | - Zhi-Qiang Xu
- School of Chemistry, University of Wollongong, Northfields Avenue, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia and Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia
| | - Karin V. Loscha
- School of Chemistry, University of Wollongong, Northfields Avenue, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia and Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia
| | - Nan Li
- School of Chemistry, University of Wollongong, Northfields Avenue, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia and Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia
| | - Moeava Tehei
- School of Chemistry, University of Wollongong, Northfields Avenue, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia and Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia
| | - Aaron J. Oakley
- School of Chemistry, University of Wollongong, Northfields Avenue, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia and Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia
| | - Gottfried Otting
- School of Chemistry, University of Wollongong, Northfields Avenue, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia and Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia
| | - Thomas Huber
- School of Chemistry, University of Wollongong, Northfields Avenue, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia and Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia
| | - Nicholas E. Dixon
- School of Chemistry, University of Wollongong, Northfields Avenue, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia and Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia
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23
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Briggs A, Corde S, Oktaria S, Brown R, Rosenfeld A, Lerch M, Konstantinov K, Tehei M. Cerium oxide nanoparticles: influence of the high-Z component revealed on radioresistant 9L cell survival under X-ray irradiation. Nanomedicine 2013; 9:1098-105. [PMID: 23473745 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2013.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2012] [Revised: 01/07/2013] [Accepted: 02/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED This article pioneers a study into the influence of the high-Z component of nanoparticles on the efficacy of radioprotection some nanoparticles offer to exposed cells irradiated with X-rays. We reveal a significant decrease in the radioprotection efficacy for cells exposed to CeO2 nanoparticles and irradiated with 10 MV and 150 kVp X-rays. In addition, analysis of the 150 kVp survival curve data indicates a change in radiation quality, becoming more lethal for irradiated cells exposed to CeO2 nanoparticles. We attribute the change in efficacy to an increase in high linear energy transfer Auger electron production at 150 kVp which counterbalances the CeO2 nanoparticle radioprotection capability and locally changes the radiation quality. This study highlights an interesting phenomenon that must be considered if radiation protection drugs for use in radiotherapy are developed based on CeO2 nanoparticles. FROM THE CLINICAL EDITOR CeO2 nanoparticles are thought to offer radioprotection; however, this study reveals significant decrease in the radioprotection efficacy for cells exposed to CeO2 nanoparticles and irradiated with 10 MV and 150 kVp X-rays. This phenomenon must be considered when developing radiation protection drugs based on CeO2 nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Briggs
- Centre for Medical and Radiation Physics, University of Wollongong, NSW, Australia; Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, NSW, Australia
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24
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Trovaslet M, Trapp M, Weik M, Nachon F, Masson P, Tehei M, Peters J. Relation between dynamics, activity and thermal stability within the cholinesterase family. Chem Biol Interact 2013; 203:14-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2012.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2012] [Revised: 07/30/2012] [Accepted: 08/02/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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25
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Trapp M, Trovaslet M, Nachon F, Koza MM, van Eijck L, Hill F, Weik M, Masson P, Tehei M, Peters J. Energy Landscapes of Human Acetylcholinesterase and Its Huperzine A-Inhibited Counterpart. J Phys Chem B 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/jp304704h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marcus Trapp
- Comissariat
à l’Energie
Atomique, Institut de Biologie Structurale, F-38054 Grenoble, France
- Centre National De La Recherche Scientifique, UMR5075, F-38027 Grenoble,
France
- Université Joseph Fourier, UFR PhITEM, F-38041 Grenoble Cédex
9, France
- Institut Laue Langevin, F-38042 Grenoble Cédex
9, France
| | - Marie Trovaslet
- Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, F-38700 La Tronche,
France
| | - Florian Nachon
- Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, F-38700 La Tronche,
France
| | - Marek M. Koza
- Institut Laue Langevin, F-38042 Grenoble Cédex
9, France
| | - Lambert van Eijck
- Delft University of Technology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, RST/NPM2
Mekelweg 15, 2629JB Delft Netherlands
| | - Flynn Hill
- School of Chemistry and
Centre for
Medical Bioscience, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
| | - Martin Weik
- Comissariat
à l’Energie
Atomique, Institut de Biologie Structurale, F-38054 Grenoble, France
- Centre National De La Recherche Scientifique, UMR5075, F-38027 Grenoble,
France
- Université Joseph Fourier, UFR PhITEM, F-38041 Grenoble Cédex
9, France
| | - Patrick Masson
- Comissariat
à l’Energie
Atomique, Institut de Biologie Structurale, F-38054 Grenoble, France
- Centre National De La Recherche Scientifique, UMR5075, F-38027 Grenoble,
France
- Université Joseph Fourier, UFR PhITEM, F-38041 Grenoble Cédex
9, France
- Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, F-38700 La Tronche,
France
| | - Moeava Tehei
- School of Chemistry and
Centre for
Medical Bioscience, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
- Australian Institute of Nuclear Science and Engineering (AINSE), Menai, NSW,
Australia
| | - Judith Peters
- Comissariat
à l’Energie
Atomique, Institut de Biologie Structurale, F-38054 Grenoble, France
- Centre National De La Recherche Scientifique, UMR5075, F-38027 Grenoble,
France
- Université Joseph Fourier, UFR PhITEM, F-38041 Grenoble Cédex
9, France
- Institut Laue Langevin, F-38042 Grenoble Cédex
9, France
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Peters J, Trovaslet M, Trapp M, Nachon F, Hill F, Royer E, Gabel F, van Eijck L, Masson P, Tehei M. Activity and molecular dynamics relationship within the family of human cholinesterases. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2012; 14:6764-70. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cp23817a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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27
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Trapp M, Gutberlet T, Juranyi F, Unruh T, Demé B, Tehei M, Peters J. Hydration dependent studies of highly aligned multilayer lipid membranes by neutron scattering. J Chem Phys 2010; 133:164505. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3495973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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28
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Lopez M, Kurkal-Siebert V, Dunn RV, Tehei M, Finney JL, Smith J, Daniel RM. Activity and dynamics of an enzyme, pig liver esterase, in near-anhydrous conditions. Biophys J 2010; 99:L62-4. [PMID: 20959076 PMCID: PMC2955393 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2010.07.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2010] [Revised: 07/02/2010] [Accepted: 07/27/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Water is widely assumed to be essential for life, although the exact molecular basis of this requirement is unclear. Water facilitates protein motions, and although enzyme activity has been demonstrated at low hydrations in organic solvents, such nonaqueous solvents may allow the necessary motions for catalysis. To examine enzyme function in the absence of solvation and bypass diffusional constraints we have tested the ability of an enzyme, pig liver esterase, to catalyze alcoholysis as an anhydrous powder, in a reaction system of defined water content and where the substrates and products are gaseous. At hydrations of 3 (±2) molecules of water per molecule of enzyme, activity is several orders-of-magnitude greater than nonenzymatic catalysis. Neutron spectroscopy indicates that the fast (≤nanosecond) global anharmonic dynamics of the anhydrous functional enzyme are suppressed. This indicates that neither hydration water nor fast anharmonic dynamics are required for catalysis by this enzyme, implying that one of the biological requirements of water may lie with its role as a diffusion medium rather than any of its more specific properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murielle Lopez
- Thermophile Research Unit, University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand
| | | | - Rachel V. Dunn
- Manchester Interdisciplinary Biocentre, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Moeava Tehei
- Australian Institute of Nuclear Science and Engineering, Menai, Australia
- Center for Medical Bioscience, School of Chemistry, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
| | - John L. Finney
- University College London, Department of Physics and Astronomy and London Centre for Nanotechnology, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jeremy C. Smith
- University of Tennessee/Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Center for Molecular Biophysics, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee
| | - Roy M. Daniel
- Thermophile Research Unit, University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand
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Jasnin M, Stadler A, Tehei M, Zaccai G. Specific cellular water dynamics observed in vivo by neutron scattering and NMR. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2010; 12:10154-60. [DOI: 10.1039/c0cp01048k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Frölich A, Gabel F, Jasnin M, Lehnert U, Oesterhelt D, Stadler AM, Tehei M, Weik M, Wood K, Zaccai G. From shell to cell: neutron scattering studies of biological water dynamics and coupling to activity. Faraday Discuss 2009; 141:117-30; dsicussion 175-207. [PMID: 19227354 DOI: 10.1039/b805506h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
An integrated picture of hydration shell dynamics and of its coupling to functional macromolecular motions is proposed from studies on a soluble protein, on a membrane protein in its natural lipid environment, and on the intracellular environment in bacteria and red blood cells. Water dynamics in multimolar salt solutions was also examined, in the context of the very slow water component previously discovered in the cytoplasm of extreme halophilic archaea. The data were obtained from neutron scattering by using deuterium labelling to focus on the dynamics of different parts of the complex systems examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Frölich
- Institut de Biologie Structurale, UMR 5075, CEA-CNRS-UJF, Grenoble, France
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Teixeira SCM, Ankner J, Bellissent-Funel MC, Bewley R, Blakeley MP, Coates L, Dahint R, Dalgliesh R, Dencher N, Dhont J, Fischer P, Forsyth VT, Fragneto G, Frick B, Geue T, Gilles R, Gutberlet T, Haertlein M, Hauß T, Häußler W, Heller WT, Herwig K, Holderer O, Juranyi F, Kampmann R, Knott R, Kohlbrecher J, Kreuger S, Langan P, Lechner R, Lynn G, Majkrzak C, May R, Meilleur F, Mo Y, Mortensen K, Myles DAA, Natali F, Neylon C, Niimura N, Ollivier J, Ostermann A, Peters J, Pieper J, Rühm A, Schwahn D, Shibata K, Soper AK, Straessle T, Suzuki UI, Tanaka I, Tehei M, Timmins P, Torikai N, Unruh T, Urban V, Vavrin R, Weiss K, Zaccai G. New sources and instrumentation for neutrons in biology. Chem Phys 2009; 345:133-151. [PMID: 19132140 PMCID: PMC2614686 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2008.02.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Neutron radiation offers significant advantages for the study of biological molecular structure and dynamics. A broad and significant effort towards instrumental and methodological development to facilitate biology experiments at neutron sources worldwide is reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- S C M Teixeira
- Institut Laue Langevin, 6 rue Jules Horowitz, 38042 Grenoble cedex 9, France
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Fabiani E, Stadler AM, Madern D, Koza MM, Tehei M, Hirai M, Zaccai G. Dynamics of apomyoglobin in the α-to-β transition and of partially unfolded aggregated protein. Eur Biophys J 2008; 38:237-44. [DOI: 10.1007/s00249-008-0375-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2008] [Revised: 09/17/2008] [Accepted: 09/22/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Teixeira S, Zaccai G, Ankner J, Bellissent-Funel M, Bewley R, Blakeley M, Callow P, Coates L, Dahint R, Dalgliesh R, Dencher N, Forsyth V, Fragneto G, Frick B, Gilles R, Gutberlet T, Haertlein M, Hauß T, Häußler W, Heller W, Herwig K, Holderer O, Juranyi F, Kampmann R, Knott R, Krueger S, Langan P, Lechner R, Lynn G, Majkrzak C, May R, Meilleur F, Mo Y, Mortensen K, Myles D, Natali F, Neylon C, Niimura N, Ollivier J, Ostermann A, Peters J, Pieper J, Rühm A, Schwahn D, Shibata K, Soper A, Strässle T, Suzuki J, Tanaka I, Tehei M, Timmins P, Torikai N, Unruh T, Urban V, Vavrin R, Weiss K. Erratum to “New sources and instrumentation for neutrons in biology” [Chem. Phys. 345 (2008) 133–151]. Chem Phys 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2008.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Jasnin M, Moulin M, Moulin M, Haertlein M, Zaccai G, Tehei M. Down to atomic-scale intracellular water dynamics. EMBO Rep 2008; 9:543-7. [PMID: 18451876 DOI: 10.1038/embor.2008.50] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2007] [Revised: 02/18/2008] [Accepted: 03/05/2008] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Water constitutes the intracellular matrix in which biological molecules interact. Understanding its dynamic state is a main scientific challenge, which continues to provoke controversy after more than 50 years of study. We measured water dynamics in vivo in the cytoplasm of Escherichia coli by using neutron scattering and isotope labelling. Experimental timescales covered motions from pure water to interfacial water, on an atomic length scale. In contrast to the widespread opinion that water is 'tamed' by macromolecular confinement, the measurements established that water diffusion within the bacteria is similar to that of pure water at physiological temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Jasnin
- Institut de Biologie Structurale, UMR 5075, CEA-CNRS-UJF, 41 rue Jules Horowitz, 38027 Grenoble, France
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Jasnin M, Tehei M, Moulin M, Haertlein M, Zaccai G. Solvent isotope effect on macromolecular dynamics in E. coli. Eur Biophys J 2008; 37:613-7. [DOI: 10.1007/s00249-008-0281-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2007] [Revised: 12/20/2007] [Accepted: 01/30/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Abstract
Work on the relationship between hyperthermophile protein dynamics, stability and activity is reviewed. Neutron spectroscopy has been applied to measure and compare the macromolecular dynamics of various hyperthermophilic and mesophilic proteins, under different conditions. First, molecular dynamics have been analyzed for the hyperthermophile malate dehydrogenase from Methanococcus jannaschii and a mesophilic homologue, the lactate dehydrogenase from Oryctolagus cunniculus (rabbit) muscle. The neutron scattering approach has provided independent measurements of the global flexibility and structural resilience of each protein, and it has been demonstrated that macromolecular dynamics represents one of the molecular mechanisms of thermoadaptation. The resilience was found to be higher for the hyperthermophilic protein, thus ensuring similar flexibilities in both enzymes at their optimal activity temperature. Second, the neutron method has been developed to quantify the average macromolecular flexibility and resilience within the natural crowded environment of the cell, and mean macromolecular motions have been measured in vivo in psychrophile, mesophile, thermophile and hyperthermophile bacteria. The macromolecular resilience in bacteria was found to increase with adaptation to high temperatures, whereas flexibility was maintained within narrow limits, independent of physiological temperature for all cells in their active state. Third, macromolecular motions have been measured in free and immobilized dihydrofolate reductase from Escherichia coli. The immobilized mesophilic enzyme has increased stability and decreased activity, so that its properties are changed to resemble those of a thermophilic enzyme. Quasi-elastic neutron scattering measurements have also been performed to probe the protein motions. Compared to the free enzyme, the average height of the activation free energy barrier to local motions was found to be increased by 0.54 kcal.mol(-1) in the immobilized dihydrofolate reductase, a value that is of the same order as expected from the theoretical rate equation.
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Tehei M, Franzetti B, Wood K, Gabel F, Fabiani E, Jasnin M, Zamponi M, Oesterhelt D, Zaccai G, Ginzburg M, Ginzburg BZ. Neutron scattering reveals extremely slow cell water in a Dead Sea organism. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2007; 104:766-71. [PMID: 17215355 PMCID: PMC1783388 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0601639104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Intracellular water dynamics in Haloarcula marismortui, an extremely halophilic organism originally isolated from the Dead Sea, was studied by neutron scattering. The water in centrifuged cell pellets was examined by means of two spectrometers, IN6 and IN16, sensitive to motions with time scales of 10 ps and 1 ns, respectively. From IN6 data, a translational diffusion constant of 1.3 x 10(-5) cm(2) s(-1) was determined at 285 K. This value is close to that found previously for other cells and close to that for bulk water, as well as that of the water in the 3.5 M NaCl solution bathing the cells. A very slow water component was discovered from the IN16 data. At 285 K the water-protons of this component displays a residence time of 411 ps (compared with a few ps in bulk water). At 300 K, the residence time dropped to 243 ps and was associated with a translational diffusion of 9.3 x 10(-8) cm(2) s(-1), or 250 times lower than that of bulk water. This slow water accounts for approximately 76% of cell water in H. marismortui. No such water was found in Escherichia coli measured on BSS, a neutron spectrometer with properties similar to those of IN16. It is hypothesized that the slow mobility of a large part of H. marismortui cell water indicates a specific water structure responsible for the large amounts of K(+) bound within these extremophile cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moeava Tehei
- *Institut de Biologie Structurale, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique–Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique–Université Joseph Fourier, Laboratoire de Biophysique Moléculaire, 41 Rue Jules Horowitz, 38027 Grenoble Cedex 1, France
| | - Bruno Franzetti
- *Institut de Biologie Structurale, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique–Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique–Université Joseph Fourier, Laboratoire de Biophysique Moléculaire, 41 Rue Jules Horowitz, 38027 Grenoble Cedex 1, France
| | - Kathleen Wood
- Institut Laue Langevin, 6 Rue Jules Horowitz BP 156, 38042 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
- Max-Planck-Institut für Biochemie, Abteilung, Membranbiochemie, Am Klopferspitz 18, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Frank Gabel
- *Institut de Biologie Structurale, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique–Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique–Université Joseph Fourier, Laboratoire de Biophysique Moléculaire, 41 Rue Jules Horowitz, 38027 Grenoble Cedex 1, France
| | - Elisa Fabiani
- *Institut de Biologie Structurale, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique–Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique–Université Joseph Fourier, Laboratoire de Biophysique Moléculaire, 41 Rue Jules Horowitz, 38027 Grenoble Cedex 1, France
- Institut Laue Langevin, 6 Rue Jules Horowitz BP 156, 38042 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Marion Jasnin
- *Institut de Biologie Structurale, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique–Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique–Université Joseph Fourier, Laboratoire de Biophysique Moléculaire, 41 Rue Jules Horowitz, 38027 Grenoble Cedex 1, France
| | - Michaela Zamponi
- Institut für Festkoerperforschung Forschungszentrum Juelich GmbH D-52425 Juelich, Germany; and
| | - Dieter Oesterhelt
- Max-Planck-Institut für Biochemie, Abteilung, Membranbiochemie, Am Klopferspitz 18, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Giuseppe Zaccai
- *Institut de Biologie Structurale, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique–Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique–Université Joseph Fourier, Laboratoire de Biophysique Moléculaire, 41 Rue Jules Horowitz, 38027 Grenoble Cedex 1, France
- Institut Laue Langevin, 6 Rue Jules Horowitz BP 156, 38042 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail:
| | - Margaret Ginzburg
- **Plant Biophysical Laboratory, Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University, Givat Ram, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Ben-Zion Ginzburg
- **Plant Biophysical Laboratory, Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University, Givat Ram, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
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Tehei M, Daniel R, Zaccai G. Fundamental and biotechnological applications of neutron scattering measurements for macromolecular dynamics. Eur Biophys J 2006; 35:551-8. [PMID: 16868745 DOI: 10.1007/s00249-006-0082-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2006] [Revised: 06/17/2006] [Accepted: 06/26/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
To explore macromolecular dynamics on the picosecond timescale, we used neutron spectroscopy. First, molecular dynamics were analyzed for the hyperthermophile malate dehydrogenase from Methanococcus jannaschii and a mesophilic homologue, the lactate dehydrogenase from Oryctolagus cunniculus muscle. Hyperthermophiles have elaborate molecular mechanisms of adaptation to extremely high temperature. Using a novel elastic neutron scattering approach that provides independent measurements of the global flexibility and of the structural resilience (rigidity), we have demonstrated that macromolecular dynamics represents one of these molecular mechanisms of thermoadaptation. The flexibilities were found to be similar for both enzymes at their optimal activity temperature and the resilience is higher for the hyperthermophilic protein. Secondly, macromolecular motions were examined in a native and immobilized dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) from Escherichia coli. The immobilized mesophilic enzyme has increased stability and decreased activity, so that its properties are changed to resemble those of the thermophilic enzyme. Are these changes reflected in dynamical behavior? For this study, we performed quasielastic neutron scattering measurements to probe the protein motions. The residence time is 7.95 ps for the native DHFR and 20.36 ps for the immobilized DHFR. The average height of the potential barrier to local motions is therefore increased in the immobilized DHFR, with a difference in activation energy equal to 0.54 kcal/mol, which is, using the theoretical rate equation, of the same order than expected from calculation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moeava Tehei
- CNR-INFM, c/o Institut Laue-Langevin, 6 rue Jules Horowitz, BP 156, 38042, Grenoble Cedex 9, France.
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39
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Abstract
To explore protein adaptation to extremely high temperatures, two parameters related to macromolecular dynamics, the mean square atomic fluctuation and structural resilience, expressed as a mean force constant, were measured by neutron scattering for hyperthermophilic malate dehydrogenase from Methanococcus jannaschii and a mesophilic homologue, lactate dehydrogenase from Oryctolagus cunniculus (rabbit) muscle. The root mean square fluctuations, defining flexibility, were found to be similar for both enzymes (1.5 A) at their optimal activity temperature. Resilience values, defining structural rigidity, are higher by an order of magnitude for the high temperature-adapted protein (0.15 Newtons/meter for O. cunniculus lactate dehydrogenase and 1.5 Newtons/meter for M. jannaschii malate dehydrogenase). Thermoadaptation appears to have been achieved by evolution through selection of appropriate structural rigidity in order to preserve specific protein structure while allowing the conformational flexibility required for activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moeava Tehei
- Institut de Biologie Structurale Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique-CNRS-Université Joseph Fourier, 38027 Grenoble, France
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Tehei M, Smith JC, Monk C, Ollivier J, Oettl M, Kurkal V, Finney JL, Daniel RM. Dynamics of immobilized and native Escherichia coli dihydrofolate reductase by quasielastic neutron scattering. Biophys J 2005; 90:1090-7. [PMID: 16258053 PMCID: PMC1367095 DOI: 10.1529/biophysj.105.062182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The internal dynamics of native and immobilized Escherichia coli dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) have been examined using incoherent quasielastic neutron scattering. These results reveal no difference between the high frequency vibration mean-square displacement of the native and the immobilized E. coli DHFR. However, length-scale-dependent, picosecond dynamical changes are found. On longer length scales, the dynamics are comparable for both DHFR samples. On shorter length scales, the dynamics is dominated by local jump motions over potential barriers. The residence time for the protons to stay in a potential well is tau = 7.95 +/- 1.02 ps for the native DHFR and tau = 20.36 +/- 1.80 ps for the immobilized DHFR. The average height of the potential barrier to the local motions is increased in the immobilized DHFR, and may increase the activation energy for the activity reaction, decreasing the rate as observed experimentally. These results suggest that the local motions on the picosecond timescale may act as a lubricant for those associated with DHFR activity occurring on a slower millisecond timescale. Experiments indicate a significantly slower catalytic reaction rate for the immobilized E. coli DHFR. However, the immobilization of the DHFR is on the exterior of the enzyme and essentially distal to the active site, thus this phenomenon has broad implications for the action of drugs distal to the active site.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Tehei
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand.
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Tehei M, Zaccai G. Adaptation to extreme environments: macromolecular dynamics in complex systems. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2005; 1724:404-10. [PMID: 15951115 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2005.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2005] [Revised: 05/03/2005] [Accepted: 05/04/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
What we previously thought of as insurmountable physical and chemical barriers to life, we now see as yet another niche harbouring 'extremophiles'. Extremophiles and their macromolecules had to develop molecular mechanisms of adaptation to extreme physico-chemical conditions. Using neutron spectroscopy, we have demonstrated that molecular dynamics represents one of these molecular mechanisms of adaptation. To which extent do hyper-saline conditions and extreme temperatures influence molecular dynamics? First, molecular dynamics were analysed for halophilic malate dehydrogenase from Haloarcula marismortui (Hm MalDH) under different molar solvent salt concentration conditions influencing its stability. Secondly, mean macromolecular motions were measured in-vivo in psychrophile (Aquaspirillum arcticum), mesophile (Escherichia coli and Proteus mirabilis), thermophile (Thermus thermophilus), and hyperthermophile (Aquifex pyrofilus) bacteria. The mean constant force of Hm MalDH increases progessively with increasing stability. The results show that the molecular adaptation of Hm MalDH to hyper-saline conditions is achieved through an increasing resilience of its structure dominated by enthalpic mechanisms. The study of bacteria has provided tools to quantify the macromolecular adaptation to extreme temperatures in the naturally crowded environment of the cell. The macromolecular resilience of bacteria increases with adaptation to high temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moeava Tehei
- INFM-OGG CRS-SOFT, c/o Institut Laue-Langevin, 6 rue Jules Horowitz BP 156, 38042 Grenoble Cedex 9, France.
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Abstract
Recent measurements have demonstrated enzyme activity at hydrations as low as 3%. This raises the question of whether hydration-induced enzyme flexibility is important for activity. Here, to address this, picosecond dynamic neutron scattering experiments are performed on pig liver esterase powders at 0%, 3%, 12%, and 50% hydration by weight and at temperatures ranging from 120 to 300 K. At all temperatures and hydrations, significant quasielastic scattering intensity is found in the protein, indicating the presence of anharmonic, diffusive motion. As the hydration increases, a temperature-dependent dynamical transition appears and strengthens involving additional diffusive motion. The implication of these results is that, although the additional hydration-induced diffusive motion in the protein detected here may be related to increased activity, it is not required for the enzyme to function.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Kurkal
- Interdisciplinary Center for Scientific Computing (IWR), University of Heidelberg, Germany
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Tehei M, Franzetti B, Madern D, Ginzburg M, Ginzburg BZ, Giudici-Orticoni MT, Bruschi M, Zaccai G. Adaptation to extreme environments: macromolecular dynamics in bacteria compared in vivo by neutron scattering. EMBO Rep 2004; 5:66-70. [PMID: 14710189 PMCID: PMC1298960 DOI: 10.1038/sj.embor.7400049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2003] [Revised: 09/29/2003] [Accepted: 10/13/2003] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Mean macromolecular dynamics was quantified in vivo by neutron scattering in psychrophile, mesophile, thermophile and hyperthermophile bacteria. Root mean square atomic fluctuation amplitudes determining macromolecular flexibility were found to be similar for each organism at its physiological temperature ( approximately 1 A in the 0.1 ns timescale). Effective force constants determining the mean macromolecular resilience were found to increase with physiological temperature from 0.2 N/m for the psychrophiles, which grow at 4 degrees C, to 0.6 N/m for the hyperthermophiles (85 degrees C), indicating that the increase in stabilization free energy is dominated by enthalpic rather than entropic terms. Larger resilience allows macromolecular stability at high temperatures, while maintaining flexibility within acceptable limits for biological activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moeava Tehei
- Institut de Biologie Structurale, CEA-CNRS-UJF, IBS, 41 rue Jules Horowitz, 38027 Grenoble Cedex 1, France
| | - Bruno Franzetti
- Institut de Biologie Structurale, CEA-CNRS-UJF, IBS, 41 rue Jules Horowitz, 38027 Grenoble Cedex 1, France
| | - Dominique Madern
- Institut de Biologie Structurale, CEA-CNRS-UJF, IBS, 41 rue Jules Horowitz, 38027 Grenoble Cedex 1, France
| | - Margaret Ginzburg
- Institute of Life Sciences, Hebrew University, Jerusalem 24410, Israel
| | - Ben Z Ginzburg
- Institute of Life Sciences, Hebrew University, Jerusalem 24410, Israel
| | | | - Mireille Bruschi
- Bioénergétique et Ingéniene des Protéines, CNRS, 31 Chemin Joseph Aiguier, 13402 Marseille Cedex 20, France
| | - Giuseppe Zaccai
- Institut de Biologie Structurale, CEA-CNRS-UJF, IBS, 41 rue Jules Horowitz, 38027 Grenoble Cedex 1, France
- Institut Laue Langevin, B.P. 156X, 38042 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
- Tel: +33 4 38 78 95 73; Fax: +33 4 38 78 54 94; E-mail:
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Abstract
This review of protein dynamics studied by neutron scattering focuses on data collected in the last 10 years. After an introduction to thermal neutron scattering and instrumental aspects, theoretical models that have been used to interpret the data are presented and discussed. Experiments are described according to sample type, protein powders, solutions and membranes. Neutron-scattering results are compared to those obtained from other techniques. The biological relevance of the experimental results is discussed. The major conclusion of the last decade concerns the strong dependence of internal dynamics on the macromolecular environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Gabel
- Institut de Biologie Structurale, 41 rue Jules Horowitz, 38027 Grenoble, France
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Tehei M, Franzetti B, Maurel MC, Vergne J, Hountondji C, Zaccai G. The search for traces of life: the protective effect of salt on biological macromolecules. Extremophiles 2002; 6:427-30. [PMID: 12382120 DOI: 10.1007/s00792-002-0275-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2001] [Accepted: 04/06/2002] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Trapping malate dehydrogenase from the extremely halophilic archaeon Haloarcula marismortui in "dry" salt crystals protects the enzyme against thermal denaturation. Similar protection was not observed for the homologous mesophilic enzyme. In the case of transfer RNA molecules, high salt concentration plays a protective role against thermal degradation allowing activity to be recovered. The results are discussed in the context of exploring the fate of cell-free biological macromolecules in the environment and that of orienting the search for traces of life in planetary exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moeava Tehei
- Institut de Biologie Structurale, 41 rue Jules Horowitz, 38027 Grenoble Cedex 1, France
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Tehei M, Madern D, Pfister C, Zaccai G. Fast dynamics of halophilic malate dehydrogenase and BSA measured by neutron scattering under various solvent conditions influencing protein stability. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2001; 98:14356-61. [PMID: 11734642 PMCID: PMC64686 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.251537298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein thermal dynamics was evaluated by neutron scattering for halophilic malate dehydrogenase from Haloarcula marismortui (HmMalDH) and BSA under different solvent conditions. As a measure of thermal stability in each case, loss of secondary structure temperatures were determined by CD. HmMalDH requires molar salt and has different stability behavior in H(2)O, D(2)O, and in NaCl and KCl solvents. BSA remains soluble in molar NaCl. The neutron experiments provided values of mean-squared atomic fluctuations at the 0.1 ns time scale. Effective force constants, characterizing the mean resilience of the protein structure, were calculated from the variation of the mean-squared fluctuation with temperature. For HmMalDH, resilience increased progressively with increasing stability, from molar NaCl in H(2)O, via molar KCl in D(2)O, to molar NaCl in D(2)O. Surprisingly, however, the opposite was observed for BSA; its resilience is higher in H(2)O where it is less stable than in D(2)O. These results confirmed the complexity of dynamics-stability relationships in different proteins. Softer dynamics for BSA in D(2)O showed that the higher thermostability is associated with entropic fluctuations. In the halophilic protein, higher stability is associated with increased resilience showing the dominance of enthalpic terms arising from bonded interactions. From previous data, it is suggested that these are associated with hydrated ion binding stabilizing the protein in the high-salt solvent.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Tehei
- Institut de Biologie Structurale, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 41 rue Jules Horowitz, F-38027 Grenoble Cedex 1, France
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