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Fan F, Zhu YX, Wu MY, Yin WX, Li GQ, Hahn M, Hamada MS, Luo CX. Mitochondrial Inner Membrane ABC Transporter Bcmdl1 Is Involved in Conidial Germination, Virulence, and Resistance to Anilinopyrimidine Fungicides in Botrytis cinerea. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0010823. [PMID: 37318357 PMCID: PMC10434148 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00108-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Botrytis cinerea causes gray mold on thousands of plants, leading to huge losses in production. Anilinopyrimidine (AP) fungicides have been applied to control B. cinerea since the 1990s. Although resistance to AP fungicides was detected soon after their application, the mechanism of AP resistance remains to be elucidated. In this study, a sexual cross between resistant and sensitive isolates was performed, and the genomes of parental isolates and progenies were sequenced to identify resistance-related single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). After screening and verification, mutation E407K in the Bcmdl1 gene was identified and confirmed to confer resistance to AP fungicides in B. cinerea. Bcmdl1 was predicted to encode a mitochondrial protein that belonged to a half-type ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter. Although Bcmdl1 was a transporter, it did not mediate resistance to multiple fungicides but mediated resistance specifically to AP fungicides. On the other hand, reductions in conidial germination and virulence were observed in Bcmdl1 knockout transformants compared to the parental isolate and complemented transformants, illustrating the biological functions of Bcmdl1. Subcellular localization analysis indicated that Bcmdl1 was localized in mitochondria. Interestingly, the production of ATP was reduced after cyprodinil treatment in Bcmdl1 knockout transformants, suggesting that Bcmdl1 was involved in ATP synthesis. Since Mdl1 could interact with ATP synthase in yeast, we hypothesize that Bcmdl1 forms a complex with ATP synthase, which AP fungicides might target, thereby interfering with the metabolism of energy. IMPORTANCE Gray mold, caused by B. cinerea, causes huge losses in the production of many fruits and vegetables. AP fungicides have been largely adopted to control this disease since the 1990s, and the development of resistance to AP fungicides initiates new problems for disease control. Due to the unknown mode of action, information on the mechanism of AP resistance is also limited. Recently, mutations in mitochondrial genes were reported to be related to AP resistance. However, the mitochondrial process of these genes remains to be elucidated. In this study, we identified several AP resistance-related mutations by quantitative trait locus sequencing (QTL-seq) and confirmed that mutation E407K in Bcmdl1 conferred AP resistance. We further characterized the expression patterns, biological functions, subcellular localization, and mitochondrial processes of the Bcmdl1 gene. This study deepens our understanding of the mechanism of resistance to and mode of action of AP fungicides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Fan
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yong-Xu Zhu
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Min-Yi Wu
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei-Xiao Yin
- Hubei Key Lab of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Guo-Qing Li
- Hubei Key Lab of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Matthias Hahn
- Department of Biology, University of Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Mohamed S. Hamada
- Pesticides Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Chao-Xi Luo
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Lab of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
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Abdelaal S, Hassanin W, Abdelhady AM, Rashad AM, Kassab MF, Salama S, Hamada MS, Elmaghraby EK, Helal AI, Ibraheim MH. Isotope signature and elemental characteristics of subsurface formations around deep-laying coal seams probed by means of atomic and nuclear-based techniques. Chemosphere 2022; 303:134969. [PMID: 35588881 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 05/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
A systematic investigation on the isotopic and elemental signature, for both stable and radioactive elements, and mineral contents was performed to examine the characteristics of subsurface formations collected at different depths between 3.962 km and 4.115 km around deep-laying coal seams located under the Marmarica plateau in Egypt. Concentrations of major and minor oxides (Na2O, MgO, Al2O3, SiO2, SO3, K2O, CaO, TiO2, MnO, ΣFeO + Fe2O3, SrO, ZrO2, and BaO) were determined by X-ray fluorescence and dependencies among these concentrations revealed the type and sort of the formations. Organic contents were determined by Fourier Transform infrared spectroscopy to investigate the variation of the CO/CC bonding ratio with depth. Rare earth elements (REE), specifically Y, Sc, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, and Lu were determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry while actinoids were detected by the radioactive decay of its daughter nuclei. The results showed a high trapping of REE elements and actinoids in layers above the coal seams which indicates the occurrence of aqueous flow followed by possible sorption in these layers. The mobility of the fluid was investigated using the process radioactive decay series between Ra226 and Ac228 from one side and their daughters from the other side.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saad Abdelaal
- Accelerator and Ion Sources Department, Nuclear Research Center, Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, 13759, Egypt; Central Lab for Elemental and Isotopic Analysis, Nuclear Research Center, Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, 13759, Egypt
| | - Walaa Hassanin
- Department of Biological Applications, Nuclear Research Center, Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, 13759, Egypt
| | - A M Abdelhady
- Accelerator and Ion Sources Department, Nuclear Research Center, Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, 13759, Egypt; Central Lab for Elemental and Isotopic Analysis, Nuclear Research Center, Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, 13759, Egypt
| | - A M Rashad
- Accelerator and Ion Sources Department, Nuclear Research Center, Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, 13759, Egypt; Central Lab for Elemental and Isotopic Analysis, Nuclear Research Center, Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, 13759, Egypt
| | - M F Kassab
- Soil and Water Research Department, Nuclear Research Center, Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt
| | - S Salama
- Radiation Protection Department, Nuclear Research Center, Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, 13759, Egypt
| | - Mohamed S Hamada
- Experimental Nuclear Physics Department, Nuclear Research Center, Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, 13759, Egypt
| | - Elsayed K Elmaghraby
- Experimental Nuclear Physics Department, Nuclear Research Center, Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, 13759, Egypt.
| | - A I Helal
- Experimental Nuclear Physics Department, Nuclear Research Center, Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, 13759, Egypt
| | - Mona H Ibraheim
- Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519, Egypt
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El-Khatib AM, Hamada MS, Alabsy MT, Youssef YM, Elzaher MA, Badawi MS, Fayez-Hassan M, Kopatch YN, Ruskov IN, Abbas MI. Fast and thermal neutrons attenuation through micro-sized and nano-sized CdO reinforced HDPE composites. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2020.109245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Adnan M, Hamada MS, Li GQ, Luo CX. Detection and Molecular Characterization of Resistance to the Dicarboximide and Benzamide Fungicides in Botrytis cinerea From Tomato in Hubei Province, China. Plant Dis 2018; 102:1299-1306. [PMID: 30673571 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-10-17-1531-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Altogether, 192 Botrytis cinerea isolates collected from tomato greenhouses at different locations in Hubei Province were evaluated for their sensitivity to fungicides procymidone and zoxamide. The mean effective concentration to cause 50% growth inhibition (EC50) values of procymidone for sensitive and resistant isolates were 0.25 and 3.60 μg/ml, respectively. The frequency of procymidone-resistant (ProR) isolates was 18%, and the highest frequency was recorded in Jingmen. Positive cross-resistance was observed for ProR isolates to other dicarboximide fungicides but not to phenylpyrroles. Significant differences were observed for fitness parameters (i.e., mycelial growth, osmotic sensitivity, and virulence between sensitive and resistant isolates). Amino acid sequence of the Bos1 gene revealed that ProR isolates carried either point mutations at codon 365 (I365S) or a pair of point mutations at codons 369 (Q369P) and 373 (N373S). For zoxamide, the mean EC50 values for sensitive and resistant isolates were 0.22 and 5.32 μg/ml, respectively. Approximately 14% of the isolates were found to be resistant to zoxamide, and the highest frequency of resistance was also observed in Jingmen. There was positive cross-resistance for zoxamide-resistant (ZoxR) isolates to carbendazim. No significant differences were observed for fitness parameters between zoxamide-sensitive and ZoxR isolates. Sequence analysis of the β-tubulin gene of Botrytis cinerea revealed two previously reported point mutations (E198A and E198K) and one new point mutation (T351I). This new mutation was detected in only those isolates which possessed the E198K but not E198A substitution. This study allows for a better understanding of the resistance development profile in Hubei Province. Results will be useful for the improvement of fungicide resistance management strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Adnan
- Key Lab of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, and College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - M S Hamada
- Key Lab of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, and College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University; and Pesticides Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - G Q Li
- College of Plant Science and Technology and the Key Lab of Crop Disease Monitoring & Safety Control in Hubei Province, Huazhong Agricultural University
| | - C X Luo
- Key Lab of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, and College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University
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Fan F, Hamada MS, Li N, Li GQ, Luo CX. Multiple Fungicide Resistance in Botrytis cinerea from Greenhouse Strawberries in Hubei Province, China. Plant Dis 2017; 101:601-606. [PMID: 30677353 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-09-16-1227-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Two hundred and forty isolates of Botrytis cinerea were collected during the early summer of 2012 and 2013 from strawberry greenhouses in 10 locations in Hubei Province and examined for sensitivity to five fungicides, most of which were commonly used to control this fungus. High frequency of resistance to carbendazim (Car, 63.63%) and cyprodinil (Cyp, 42.42%) was detected. Boscalid-resistant (BosR) isolates were detected for the first time in China, whereas no fludioxonil-resistant isolates were identified. Dual resistance to carbendazim and diethofencarb (Die) was also detected. There were six phenotypes of resistance profile (i.e., CarRDieSBosSCypS, CarRDieRBosSCypS, CarRDieSBosSCypR, CarRDieSBosRCypS, CarRDieRBosSCypR, and CarRDieSBosRCypR). CarRDieSBosSCypS and CarRDieSBosSCypR were the most common phenotypes, occurring at eight and seven locations, respectively. After 10 successive transfers on fungicide-free potato dextrose agar, tested resistant isolates retained levels of resistance similar to or comparative with the initial generation, indicating the stability of these resistances. Fitness evaluations based on investigation of mycelial growth, osmotic sensitivity, sporulation in vitro and in vivo, and virulence revealed the uncompromising fitness in resistant isolates, except that decreased virulence was observed in BosR isolates. The molecular basis of carbendazim, diethofencarb, and boscalid resistance was investigated. Results showed that all 13 sequenced carbendazim-resistant isolates harbored the mutation E198V or E198A in the β-tubulin gene and the five isolates with dual resistance to carbendazim and diethofencarb showed the mutation E198K in the same gene. BosR isolates possessed the H272R mutation in succinate dehydrogenase subunit B gene. The results achieved in this study challenge the current management strategies for B. cinerea, which largely depend on applications of these fungicides.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Fan
- Key Lab of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, and College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - M S Hamada
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, and Pesticides Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - N Li
- College of Plant Science and Technology and the Key Lab of Crop Disease Monitoring & Safety Control in Hubei Province, Huazhong Agricultural University
| | - G Q Li
- College of Plant Science and Technology and the Key Lab of Crop Disease Monitoring & Safety Control in Hubei Province, Huazhong Agricultural University
| | - C X Luo
- Key Lab of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, and College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University
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