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Abd Wahab AT, Mohd Hairon S, Shafei MN, Ibrahim MI, Mahmud N. Exploring Job Stress Among Public Health Workforce in Northeastern Malaysia. Cureus 2023; 15:e49083. [PMID: 38125210 PMCID: PMC10731145 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.49083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Job stress is recognized as a significant concern across various occupational settings which have profound implications for both individuals and organizations. During the COVID-19 pandemic, job stress among the public health workforce (PHW) has been a significant concern, as they face a significantly increased risk of infection and mortality due to excessive COVID-19 exposure. This study presents a descriptive exploration of key job stress-related factors among PHW in Terengganu, Malaysia. Methodology This is a cross-sectional study conducted from May 2022 to April 2023, encompassing all eight District Health Offices (DHO) and government health clinics in Terengganu. Data collection involved a Malay version of the Job Content Questionnaire (M-JCQ), which assesses job characteristics based on Karasek's demand-control-support model and consists of four main domains: decision latitude, psychological job demands, physical job demands, and social support. Data was collected from 1044 participants, and statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 27 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA). Findings Of the 1044 participants, 18.9% experienced job stress. The highest percentage of job stress was observed among nurses (24.3%), followed by medical assistants (18.3%) and physicians (16.0%). In contrast, the public health assistant (PKA) group had the lowest rate of job stress. Job types based on Karasek's model also showed variations, with doctors having the highest percentage of active jobs (46.4%), while medical assistants had the highest percentage of low job strain (17.9%), and PKAs had the highest percentage of passive job types (44.7%). Conclusion This study offers significant insights into the work-related challenges faced by the public health workforce in Terengganu, Malaysia, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic. Job stress is a substantial concern, and understanding its underlying factors is essential for improving the well-being of PHWs. Decision latitude, job demands, and social support play critical roles in shaping job stress among PHWs. Strategies and interventions are needed to mitigate job stress, improve working conditions, and enhance the effectiveness of PHWs in public health initiatives. This study highlights the importance of addressing job stress in this sector, with potential benefits for both the mental and physical health of PHW.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amer Taufek Abd Wahab
- Department of Community Medicine, School of Medicine, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu, MYS
| | - Suhaily Mohd Hairon
- Department of Community Medicine, School of Medicine, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu, MYS
| | - Mohd Nazri Shafei
- Department of Community Medicine, School of Medicine, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu, MYS
| | - Mohd Ismail Ibrahim
- Department of Community Medicine, School of Medicine, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu, MYS
| | - Noriah Mahmud
- Environmental and Occupational Health Unit, Terengganu State Health Department, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Kuala Terengganu, MYS
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Zakaria SF, Shafei MN, Arifin WN. Translation and Validation of the Risk Perception on Safety and Health Questionnaire Among Palm Oil Plantation Workers in Terengganu, Malaysia. Cureus 2023; 15:e44742. [PMID: 37809199 PMCID: PMC10555646 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.44742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Occupational safety and health are of utmost importance in the palm oil industry, particularly in Malaysia where palm oil plantation workers face various hazards. This study aimed to translate and validate a risk perception questionnaire specifically designed to assess the perceptions of safety and health risks among palm oil plantation workers in Terengganu, Malaysia. METHODOLOGY The original risk perception questionnaire, consisting of 22 items, was translated into the local language and culturally adapted. The translation process involved forward translation, expert panel discussions, and back translation to ensure linguistic equivalence. The translated questionnaire was then administered to a sample of palm oil plantation workers in Terengganu, Malaysia, for validation purposes. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was conducted to assess the model fitness of the questionnaire, and Cronbach's Alpha coefficient was calculated to determine the internal consistency reliability of the final model. RESULTS The translated risk perception questionnaire demonstrated good model fitness as indicated by CFA results (X2=224, df=79, p-value<0.0001, root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA)=0.07, goodness of fit index (GFI)=0.929, comparative fit index (CFI)=0.902). The questionnaire's final version has one factor comprising 13 items, selected based on factor loadings and theoretical relevance. The internal consistency reliability of the 13-item questionnaire was satisfactory, with a Cronbach's Alpha coefficient of α=0.77. CONCLUSION The 13-item risk perception questionnaire demonstrated a good model fit and acceptable internal consistency reliability. It shows that the questionnaire is a valid and reliable tool to evaluate the level of risk perception on safety and health among palm oil plantation workers in Malaysia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syahrul Faiz Zakaria
- Community Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, MYS
| | - Mohd Nazri Shafei
- Community Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, MYS
| | - Wan Nor Arifin
- Biostatistics and Research Methodology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, MYS
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Abas AH, Daud A, Mohd Hairon S, Shafei MN. Prevalence and Risk Factors of Low Back Pain in Malaysia: A Scoping Review. Malays J Med Sci 2023; 30:32-41. [PMID: 37425379 PMCID: PMC10325122 DOI: 10.21315/mjms2023.30.3.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2022] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Data on the prevalence and risk factors of low back pain (LBP) in Malaysia remain unclear as they are currently limited to specific settings and occupational groups. Therefore, this study aims to determine the prevalence and risk factors of low back pain in Malaysia. In this scoping review, we had systematically searched PubMed, Scopus, ScienceDirect and Google Scholar from January 2016 to April 2020. In addition, we had included cross-sectional studies on LBP in Malaysia. Studies without data on the prevalence and risk factors were excluded. The settings, population, design, sample size, evaluation methods, prevalence and risk factors of the studies were summarised. The literature search identified 435 potentially eligible studies; of these, 21 had met the inclusion criteria. The prevalence of LBP in Malaysia among various types of the population had ranged from 12.4% to 84.6%. Among the various types of occupation, the prevalence of LBP was the highest among nurses (67.9%), followed by drivers (65.7%). In addition, age, gender, body mass index (BMI), lifting heavy objects, working posture, lifestyle, working hours and mental health were identified as the risk factors of LBP in Malaysia. The current evidence suggests that LBP is a serious health problem among several occupational groups in Malaysia. Therefore, it is crucial to implement the correct interventions for the prevention of LBP among these groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ab. Hamid Abas
- Department of Community Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia
- Training Institute of Ministry of Health Malaysia Sultan Azlan Shah, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Aziah Daud
- Department of Community Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Suhaily Mohd Hairon
- Department of Community Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Nazri Shafei
- Department of Community Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia
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Ab Aziz WA, Musa KI, Ibrahim MI, Osman Y, Shafei MN. An Association Between Job Stress and Poor Social Support Among Healthcare Workers in Northeastern Malaysia. Cureus 2023; 15:e38937. [PMID: 37313064 PMCID: PMC10259192 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.38937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Job stress is an important occupational health problem globally. Hence, identification of workers at risk of developing job stress is paramount to the decision-makers. This study aims to estimate the proportion of job stress and its relationship with different categories of healthcare workers (HCWs) in the primary care and public health settings in northeastern Malaysia. METHODOLOGY A cross-sectional study involving 520 HCWs across all categories was conducted in Kelantan State, Malaysia. A proforma and validated Malay version of the Job Content Questionnaires were administered to obtain the data. The participants were then classified into four categories of workers according to Karasek's job demands-control model classification which were active, passive, high strain, and low strain. RESULTS We found that a total of 145 (28.5%) HCWs in the study have job stress (high-strain job type). HCWs with a degree or higher qualification had the highest proportion of job stress (41.2%), while the diploma group has the lowest proportion of job stress among the four academic qualification groups (22.9%). Pearson chi-square shows a significant association between Karasek's job types and the level of social support from their supervisors (p < 0.05) but no association between job strain and the level of supervisor's social support (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION Job stress among HCWs is prevalent, and the professional group had the highest percentage of risk job stress as compared to other groups. There is a significant association between the supervisor's social support and Karasek's job strain categories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wira Alfatah Ab Aziz
- Private Medical Practice Control, Kelantan State Health Department, Kota Bharu, MYS
| | - Kamarul Imran Musa
- Department of Community Medicine, Universiti Sains Malaysia School of Medical Sciences, Kota Bharu, MYS
| | - Mohd Ismail Ibrahim
- Department of Community Medicine, Universiti Sains Malaysia School of Medical Sciences, Kota Bharu, MYS
| | - Yelmizaitun Osman
- Environmental and Occupational Health Unit, Kelantan State Health Department, Kota Bharu, MYS
| | - Mohd Nazri Shafei
- Department of Community Medicine, Universiti Sains Malaysia School of Medical Sciences, Kota Bharu, MYS
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Tengku Muhammad Fakhruddin TMF, Aminnuddin M, Shafei MN. Knowledge of the Malaysian National Immunisation Programme and its associated factors among parents in Dungun, Terengganu: A cross-sectional study. Malays Fam Physician 2023; 18:3. [PMID: 36969333 PMCID: PMC10038154 DOI: 10.51866/oa.188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Introduction The number of unvaccinated children and the rate of vaccination refusal among parents have recently increased despite the robust vaccination programme in Malaysia. The purpose of this study was to determine the level of knowledge of the Malaysian National Immunisation Programme among Malaysian parents as well as the variables that contribute to poor knowledge. Method Methods: This study used systematic random sampling to recruit 375 parents from seven health clinics in the Dungun District of Malaysia. The participants were asked to complete a selfadministered validated questionnaire that included sociodemographic and knowledge questions. A multiple logistic regression analysis was applied to determine the associated factors of poor knowledge of immunisation. P-values of <0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results A total of 189 (50.4%) respondents had poor knowledge of immunisation. The multiple logistic regression analyses revealed that a low educational level (adjusted odds ratio (OR): 1.92; 95% CI 1.25-2.95) was associated with poor knowledge while the age-group of 30-40 years old (adjusted OR: 0.56; 95% CI 0.34-0.93) was protected against it as compared to the age-group of <30 years old. Conclusion The prevalence of poor knowledge of immunisation among parents in Dungun, Terengganu, is relatively high. The focus of health promotion and education must be switched to increasing immunisation knowledge among the public, particularly among high-risk groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tengku Md Fauzi Tengku Muhammad Fakhruddin
- MD (USM), MComMed (Occupational Health)(USM), Department of Community Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia.
| | - Ma'pol Aminnuddin
- MD (UKM), MPH (UKM), DrPH(UKM), Level 3, District Health Office, Wisma Persekutuan, Maran, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Nazri Shafei
- MD (USM), MComMed (Occupational Health)(USM), Department of Community Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia.
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Azmi MI, Daud A, Shafei MN, Abdul Hamid A. Job Dissatisfaction and Its Predictors among Healthcare Workers of 'Type 2 Health Clinics' in North-Eastern Malaysia. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022; 19:16106. [PMID: 36498180 PMCID: PMC9739825 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192316106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
It is crucial to comprehend factors associated to job dissatisfaction among healthcare workers (HCWs) in Malaysia’s primary health clinics, especially those working in ‘Type 2 Health Clinics’ which cater for populations of >50,000 and a daily average number of patients between 500 and 800. It is essential to ensure that effective strategies can be proposed to promote job satisfaction. A total of 314 HCWs from ‘Type 2 Health Clinics’ in north-eastern Malaysia consented to participate in this cross-sectional study, conducted between October 2020 and December 2021. The Job Satisfaction Survey was used to assess job dissatisfaction. The prevalence of job dissatisfaction was 35.7%. The significant factors associated with job dissatisfaction were younger age and those who were dissatisfied with their yearly performance mark. Targeted interventional activities for young HCWs and for those who are dissatisfied with their yearly performance mark are recommended to improve job satisfaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Ikhwan Azmi
- Department of Community Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Aziah Daud
- Department of Community Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Nazri Shafei
- Department of Community Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Anees Abdul Hamid
- Kelantan State Health Department, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Kota Bharu 15200, Kelantan, Malaysia
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Ngah H, Mohd Hairon S, Hamzah NA, Noordin S, Shafei MN. Assessment of Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice on Safe Working in Confined Space among Male Water Services Workers in the Central Region of Malaysia. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022; 19:ijerph19127416. [PMID: 35742666 PMCID: PMC9224378 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19127416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Revised: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Employee performance in terms of knowledge of job scope, safe working practices, and safety-related attitude at work are used to measure an organization’s success in managing employee welfare and safety to prevent workplace injury and death. This study aims to determine the level of knowledge, attitude, and practice on safe working in confined space among water services workers. A cross-sectional study involving a randomly selected 207 water services workers working in a confined space was performed in the central region of Malaysia. The assessment was performed using a validated Malay self-administered questionnaire. Descriptive statistics, Chi-square test and Logistic regression were used for data analyses. The study’s participants were all men, with a mean (SD) age of 35.2 (8.83) years. The average working duration was 10.8 years. Overall, 67.1% of participants had good knowledge, while 65.7% had a positive attitude. The majority of the workers (60.4%) were found to follow safe working practices. Regression analysis revealed that significant predictors for knowledge were age [Adjusted odds ratio (Adj. OR) 2.793; 95% CI: 1.310, 5.955; p = 0.008] and attitude (Adj. OR 2.127; 95% CI: 1.011, 4.526; p = 0.048). Attitude was influenced by marital status (Adj. OR 4.126; 95% CI: 2.079, 8.186; p < 0.001) and knowledge level (Adj. OR 2.224; 95% CI: 1.025, 4.824; p = 0.043). A positive attitude was the sole predictor influencing the safe practice (Adj. OR; 1.878; 95% CI: 1.041, 3.388; p = 0.036). In conclusion, the workers’ levels of knowledge, attitudes, and practices were relatively satisfactory. Extensive investment in workplace safety and health programs, appropriate training, growth opportunities, and effective employee performance evaluation methodologies may assist workers in performing at their best.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamiza Ngah
- Department of Community Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia; (H.N.); (S.M.H.)
| | - Suhaily Mohd Hairon
- Department of Community Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia; (H.N.); (S.M.H.)
| | - Nurul Ainun Hamzah
- Environmental and Occupational Health Programme, School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia;
| | - Shahronizam Noordin
- National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health, Bangi 43650, Selangor, Malaysia;
| | - Mohd Nazri Shafei
- Department of Community Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia; (H.N.); (S.M.H.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +60-97676646
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Kutubudin AFM, Wan Mohammad WMZ, Md Noor SS, Shafei MN. Risk Factors Associated with Defaulted Follow-Up and Sharp Injury Management among Health Care Workers in a Teaching Hospital in Northeastern Malaysia. IJERPH 2022; 19:ijerph19116641. [PMID: 35682226 PMCID: PMC9180157 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19116641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2022] [Revised: 05/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
Sharp injury is a serious occupational risk for healthcare workers (HCWs). This study aimed to determine the distribution and associated factors of sharp injury cases among HCWs working at a teaching hospital in northeastern Malaysia. This was a retrospective cohort study on all reported sharp injury cases from 2015 to 2020. The secondary data were examined using descriptive and multiple logistic regression. Statistical significance was determined for associated factors of HCWs who did not attend immediate treatment after a sharp injury or any of the subsequent follow-up variables, with a p-value of less than 0.05. A total of 286 cases fulfilled the study criteria. The mean (SD) age of sharp injury was 29.4 (5.38) years. The overall defaulted rate for follow-up was 51.4%. Multiple logistic regression revealed a significant relationship between defaulted follow up on sharp injury management and job category as well as the type of device used. Being a doctor (Adj OR 2.37; 95% CI: 1.40, 4.03; p = 0.010) and those using other sharp instruments such as Coupland and drip sets (Adj OR 4.55; 95% CI: 1.59, 13.02; p = 0.005) had a higher odds to default follow up on sharp injury management. In conclusion, although there is a link between defaulting the follow-up and both the work category and the type of device that caused the injury, a deeper analysis is needed to uncover any additional factors and determine the appropriate intervention strategies to ensure follow up adherence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Farrasyah Mohd Kutubudin
- Department of Community Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia; (A.F.M.K.); (W.M.Z.W.M.)
| | - Wan Mohd Zahiruddin Wan Mohammad
- Department of Community Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia; (A.F.M.K.); (W.M.Z.W.M.)
| | - Siti Suraiya Md Noor
- Department of Medical Microbiology & Parasitology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia;
| | - Mohd Nazri Shafei
- Department of Community Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia; (A.F.M.K.); (W.M.Z.W.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +60-9767-6646
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Kaware MS, Ibrahim MI, Shafei MN, Mohd Hairon S, Abdullahi AU. Patient Safety Culture and Its Associated Factors: A Situational Analysis among Nurses in Katsina Public Hospitals, Northwest Nigeria. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022; 19:ijerph19063305. [PMID: 35328993 PMCID: PMC8951849 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19063305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Background: Patient safety involves identifying, assessing, and managing patient-related risks and occurrences to improve patient care and reduce patient harm. In Nigeria, there is a lack of studies on patient safety culture, especially in the northern part of the country. This study aimed to determine the levels and factors that contribute to nurses’ negative perceptions of patient safety culture in public health facilities. Methodology: A total of 460 nurses were surveyed across 21 secondary health facilities using the Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture, and the response rate was 93.5%. Descriptive statistics and multiple logistic regression were used to analyze the data. Results: The results showed that 59.8% of the respondents were female, and 42.6% were within the age range of 30–39 years old. Most of them (48.3%) had spent 1–5 years working in the hospital. Three out of 12 composite measures had higher negative responses (staffing—30.5%, non-punitive response to error—42.8%, and frequency of events reported—43.1%). A multiple logistic regression analysis affirmed that all three variables, in addition to organizational learning, were significant associated with overall negative perceptions of patient safety culture, with 3.15, 1.84, 2.26, and 2.39 odds ratios, respectively. Conclusion: The results revealed that four critical areas of patient safety required improvement; therefore, intervention is recommended to minimize unnecessary patient harm and medical expenses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Musa Sani Kaware
- Department of Community Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia; (M.S.K.); (M.N.S.); (S.M.H.)
- Department of Community Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Umaru Musa Yar’adua University, Katsina 820101, Katsina State, Nigeria;
| | - Mohd Ismail Ibrahim
- Department of Community Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia; (M.S.K.); (M.N.S.); (S.M.H.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +60-97676621
| | - Mohd Nazri Shafei
- Department of Community Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia; (M.S.K.); (M.N.S.); (S.M.H.)
| | - Suhaily Mohd Hairon
- Department of Community Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia; (M.S.K.); (M.N.S.); (S.M.H.)
| | - Abduljaleel Umar Abdullahi
- Department of Community Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Umaru Musa Yar’adua University, Katsina 820101, Katsina State, Nigeria;
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Ngah H, Mohd Hairon S, Hamzah NA, Noordin S, Shafei MN. Development and Validation of Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice Questionnaire: Toward Safe Working in Confined Spaces. IJERPH 2022; 19:ijerph19031242. [PMID: 35162265 PMCID: PMC8835496 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19031242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Confined space workers do a wide range of tasks, many of which have a significant risk of hazardous exposure. Hence, a reliable and valid questionnaire is important in assessing the knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) of workers in this field. The present study was conducted to develop and validate a questionnaire that could assess the KAP for safe working in a confined space. The questionnaire went through a development and validation process. The development stage consisted of a literature review, expert’s opinion, and evaluation by experts in the field via cognitive debriefing. The validation stage encompassed exploratory and confirmatory parts to investigate the psychometric properties of the questionnaire. A total of 350 participants were recruited among confined space workers from two oil and gas companies in Malaysia. The two-parameter logistic item response theory (2-PL IRT) analysis was used for the knowledge section. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) were used in the attitude and practice sections of the validation stage. The development stage resulted in 30 items for knowledge, attitude, and practice sections. Items in the knowledge section showed an acceptable difficulty and discrimination, as noted during the 2-PL IRT analysis. The EFA resulted in a one-factor model for attitude and practice sections, and contained 18 items, with factor loading > 0.4. The Cronbach’s alpha was 0.804 and 0.917 for attitude and practice sections, respectively. The CFA for attitude and practice sections indicated a good model fitness (Raykov’s rho = 0.814 and 0.912, respectively). All items indicated good reliability and valid psychometrics for determining KAP on safe working in a confined space.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamiza Ngah
- Department of Community Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia; (H.N.); (S.M.H.)
| | - Suhaily Mohd Hairon
- Department of Community Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia; (H.N.); (S.M.H.)
| | - Nurul Ainun Hamzah
- Environmental and Occupational Health Programme, School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia;
| | - Shahronizam Noordin
- National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health, Bangi 43650, Selangor, Malaysia;
| | - Mohd Nazri Shafei
- Department of Community Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia; (H.N.); (S.M.H.)
- Correspondence:
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Ismail B, Shafei MN, Harun A, Ali S, Omar M, Deris ZZ. Inappropriate Doses of Intravenous Polymyxin B after Renal Adjustment Lead to Treatment Failure. BRAZ J PHARM SCI 2021. [DOI: 10.1590/s2175-97902020000119036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Bahiah Ismail
- Universiti Sains Malaysia, Malaysia; Hospital Kuala Krai, Malaysia
| | | | | | | | | | - Zakuan Zainy Deris
- Universiti Sains Malaysia, Malaysia; Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, Malaysia
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Chen XW, Nazri Shafei M, Abdul Aziz Z, Nazifah Sidek N, Imran Musa K. Modelling the prognostic effect of glucose and lipid profiles on stroke recurrence in Malaysia: an event-history analysis. PeerJ 2020; 8:e8378. [PMID: 32095319 PMCID: PMC7025698 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.8378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Diabetes and dyslipidemia are significantly associated with stroke recurrence, yet the evidence for this relationship is conflicting. Consequently, the parameters in the glucose and lipid profiles may inform us regarding their relationship with stroke recurrence, thus enhancing the physicians' clinical decision-making. Aim This study sought to investigate whether glucose and lipid profiles could prognosticate stroke recurrence in Malaysia. Methods We conducted a retrospective hospital-based study where we analyzed the first-ever stroke cases regarding about which the Malaysia National Stroke Registry was informed between 2009 and 2017, that fulfilled this study's criteria, and that were followed for stroke recurrence. Using the Cox proportional hazard regression analysis, we estimated the adjusted hazard ratios (HRs), which reflected the prognostic effect of the primary variables (i.e., glucose and lipid profiles on the first-stroke admission) on stroke recurrence. Results Among the 8,576 first-ever stroke patients, 394 (4.6%) experienced a subsequent first stroke recurrence event. The prognostic effect measured by univariable Cox regression showed that, when unadjusted, ten variables have prognostic value with regards to stroke recurrence. A multivariable regression analysis revealed that glucose was not a significant prognostic factor (adjusted HR 1.28; 95% CI [1.00-1.65]), while triglyceride level was the only parameter in the lipid profile found to have an independent prognostication concerning stroke recurrence (adjusted HR: 1.28 to 1.36). Conclusions Triglyceride could independently prognosticate stroke recurrence, which suggests the role of physicians in intervening hypertriglyceridemia. In line with previous recommendations, we call for further investigations in first-ever stroke patients with impaired glucose and lipid profiles and suggest a need for interventions in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wee Chen
- Public Health Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Sungai Buloh, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Nazri Shafei
- Department of Community Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Zariah Abdul Aziz
- General Medicine Department, Hospital Sultanah Nur Zahirah, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | | | - Kamarul Imran Musa
- Department of Community Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
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Mohd Ashari NS, Mohamed Sanusi SNF, Mohd Yasin MA, Che Hussin CM, Wong KK, Shafei MN. Major depressive disorder patients on antidepressant treatments display higher number of regulatory T cells. Malays J Pathol 2019; 41:169-176. [PMID: 31427552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Regulatory T cell (Treg) is a subtype of T lymphocyte that plays a crucial role in establishing immunologic self-tolerance and maintaining immune homeostasis. In this study, we set out to investigate the percentage and absolute count of Tregs in major depressive disorder (MDD) patients and their correlation with disease severity. MATERIALS & METHODS This is a case-control study consisting of 47 MDD patients and 47 healthy controls. MDD patients were treated with antidepressant drugs according to their physician's choice. The severity of MDD was assessed using Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) at the time of recruitment. Healthy controls completed the Depression Anxiety Scoring System (DASS21) questionnaire to ensure they were in good mental health without history of MDD. The percentage and absolute count of CD4+ CD25+ Tregs and CD4+ CD25+ FOXP3+ Tregs were identified by multiparameter flow cytometry. RESULTS The percentage and absolute count of CD4+ CD25+ Treg cells were significantly higher in MDD patients than in healthy controls (P<0.001, in both cases). Likewise, the percentage and absolute count of CD4+ CD25+ FOXP3+ Treg cells were also significantly higher in MDD patients compared to healthy controls (P=0.003 and P=0.002, respectively). However, there was no significant correlation between the percentage and absolute count of CD4+ CD25+ Treg and CD4+ CD25+ FOXP3+ Treg cells with BDI or MADRS score. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that antidepressant treatments contributed to an upregulation of Tregs in MDD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- N S Mohd Ashari
- Universiti Sains Malaysia, School of Medical Sciences, Department of Immunology, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia.
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Abdullah NM, Mohammad WMZW, Shafei MN, Sukeri S, Idris Z, Arifin WN, Nozmi N, Saudi SNS, Samsudin S, Zainudin AW, Hamat RA, Ibrahim R, Masri SN, Saliluddin SM, Daud A, Osman M, Jamaluddin TZMT. Leptospirosis and its prevention: knowledge, attitude and practice of urban community in Selangor, Malaysia. BMC Public Health 2019; 19:628. [PMID: 31117995 PMCID: PMC6532156 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-019-6981-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Leptospirosis is still endemic in Malaysia and has been prevalent in Selangor where cases have been underreported. Primarily, this was due to lack of awareness in the urban community in this region. This study determined the knowledge, attitude and preventive practice (KAP) of leptospirosis, and identified the significant predictors influencing KAP among urban community in Hulu Langat, Selangor. METHODS This cross-sectional study was conducted from 2015 to 2017 using validated questionnaire. Sampling methods included multistage cluster sampling, followed by simple random sampling to obtain 315 respondents. Descriptive analysis was performed to determine the KAP while χ2 and the subsequent logistic regression analysis were carried out to identify associations and predictors between variables. RESULTS Respondents were mainly Malaysian Bumiputra with a mean (Standard Deviation (SD)) age of 32.5 (13.0) years. Of 315 respondents, 80.3% (n = 253) had poor knowledge, 87.0% (n = 274) had good attitude, and 81.3% (n = 256) showed unacceptable practice towards leptospirosis and its prevention. Regression analysis identified age as the sole predictor influencing good knowledge (AOR 2.388; 95% CI = 1.298, 4.396; p = 0.005). Education level (AOR 2.197; 95% CI = 1.109, 4.352; p = 0.024) was also noted as the significant predictor influencing the overall practice. CONCLUSIONS The urban community in Selangor showed a positive attitude in waste management despite having little knowledge regarding the disease itself. The study also discovered inadequacy in preventive practice, hence marking the importance of the proper integration of knowledge and attitude into forming an acceptable practice to reduce transmission of Leptospira among urban population in Malaysia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurul Munirah Abdullah
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Wan Mohd Zahiruddin Wan Mohammad
- Department of Community Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Nazri Shafei
- Department of Community Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Surianti Sukeri
- Department of Community Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Zawaha Idris
- Health Promotion Unit, Penang State Health Department, Floor 7, Bangunan Persekutuan, Jalan Anson, 10400, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Wan Nor Arifin
- Unit of Biostatistics and Research Methodology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Noramira Nozmi
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Siti Nor Sakinah Saudi
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Suhailah Samsudin
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Abdul-Wahab Zainudin
- Health Department of Federal Territory Kuala Lumpur & Putrajaya, Jalan Cenderasari, 50590, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Rukman Awang Hamat
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Rosni Ibrahim
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Siti Norbaya Masri
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | | | - Aziah Daud
- Department of Community Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Malina Osman
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
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Ahmad MH, Ibrahim MI, Mohamed Z, Ismail N, Abdullah MA, Shueb RH, Shafei MN. Reply to Comments on the Study "The Sensitivity, Specificity and Accuracy of Warning Signs in Predicting Severe Dengue, the Severe Dengue Prevalence and its Associated Factors". Int J Environ Res Public Health 2019; 16:ijerph16081380. [PMID: 30999608 PMCID: PMC6518230 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16081380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Thank you for the comments received on the article "The Sensitivity, Specificity and Accuracy of Warning Signs in Predicting Severe Dengue, the Severe Dengue Prevalence and its Associated Factors" [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Hanief Ahmad
- Department of Community Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kota Bharu 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia.
| | - Mohd Ismail Ibrahim
- Department of Community Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kota Bharu 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia.
| | - Zeehaida Mohamed
- Department of Microbiology & Parasitology, School of Medical Sciences, Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kota Bharu 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia.
| | - Nabilah Ismail
- Department of Microbiology & Parasitology, School of Medical Sciences, Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kota Bharu 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia.
| | - Muhammad Amiruddin Abdullah
- Department of Microbiology & Parasitology, School of Medical Sciences, Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kota Bharu 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia.
| | - Rafidah Hanim Shueb
- Department of Microbiology & Parasitology, School of Medical Sciences, Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kota Bharu 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia.
| | - Mohd Nazri Shafei
- Department of Community Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kota Bharu 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia.
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Chen XW, Shafei MN, Aziz ZA, Sidek NN, Musa KI. Trends in stroke outcomes at hospital discharge in first-ever stroke patients: Observations from the Malaysia National Stroke Registry (2009-2017). J Neurol Sci 2019; 401:130-135. [PMID: 31000206 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2019.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Revised: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stroke outcomes could be a quality indicator across the continuum of care and inform stroke management policymaking. However, this topic has rarely to date been studied directly. AIMS We sought to investigate recent trends in stroke outcomes at hospital discharge among first-ever stroke patients. METHODS This was an analysis of data from the Malaysia National Stroke Registry. Patients aged 18 years or older documented as having a first episode of stroke in the registry were recruited. Subsequently, the comparison of proportions for overall and sex-specific stroke outcomes between years (from 2009 to 2017) was conducted. The primary outcome was modified Rankin Scale score, which was assessed at hospital discharge, and each patient was categorized as follows: 1) functional independence, 2) functional dependence, or 3) death for analysis. RESULTS This study included 9361 first-ever stroke patients. Approximately 36.2% (3369) were discharged in an independence state, 53.1% (4945) experienced functional dependence, and 10.8% (1006) patients died at the time of hospital discharge. The percentage of patients who were discharged independently increased from 23.3% in 2009 to 46.5% in 2017, while that of patients discharged in a disabled state fell from 56.0% in 2009 to 45.6% in 2017. The percentage of death at discharge was reduced from 20.7% in 2009 to 7.8% in 2017. These findings suggest that the proportions of stroke outcomes at hospital discharge have changed significantly over time (p < 0.001), and there was a significant sex-related difference in stroke outcomes at hospital discharge following first stroke episode (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Our data indicate there has been a significant change in stroke outcomes over the past nine years in Malaysia. This information ought to be considered in ongoing efforts of tertiary stroke prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wee Chen
- Public Health Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Sungai Buloh Campus, Jalan Hospital, Sungai Buloh 47000, Selangor, Malaysia; Department of Community Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Nazri Shafei
- Department of Community Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Zariah Abdul Aziz
- Neurology Unit, General Medicine Department, Hospital Sultanah Nur Zahirah, Jalan Sultan Mahmud, 20400 Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Norsima Nazifah Sidek
- Clinical Research Centre, Hospital Sultanah Nur Zahirah, Jalan Sultan Mahmud, 20400 Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Kamarul Imran Musa
- Department of Community Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia.
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Kuan G, Abdullah N, Kueh YC, Ismail M, Shafei MN, Morris T. Co-Curricular Activities and Motives for Participating in Physical Activity among Health Sciences Students at Universiti Sains Malaysia, Malaysia. Malays J Med Sci 2019; 26:138-146. [PMID: 30914901 PMCID: PMC6419877 DOI: 10.21315/mjms2019.26.1.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The purpose of the study was to compare the motives for participating in physical activity (PA) through the different types of co-curricular activities chosen by health sciences undergraduate students at Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM), Malaysia. Methods The participants were university students at USM’s Health Campus, who were invited to volunteer and complete two measures: a demographic form, including the types of co-curricular activities in which the students chose to enrol (sports, uniform and art), and the Physical Activity and Leisure Motivation Scale (PALMS). Results A total of 588 university students (female = 79.1%, male = 20.9%) with a mean age of 19.77 (SD = 1.39) participated in the study. The results showed significant differences in the motives of affiliation (P < 0.001), appearance (P = 0.008) and physical condition (P = 0.010) across the types of co-curricular activities in which the students participated. The students who enrolled in sports generally showed higher motives of affiliation, appearance and physical condition for participating in PA than other types of co-curricular activities. Conclusion The study findings can provide further insights into the motives for participating in PA among health sciences students and encouragement for students to integrate PA into their daily routines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garry Kuan
- Exercise and Sports Science, School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Nurzulaikha Abdullah
- Unit of Biostatistics and Research Methodology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Yee Cheng Kueh
- Unit of Biostatistics and Research Methodology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Ismail
- Department of Community Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Nazri Shafei
- Department of Community Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Tony Morris
- Institute for Sport, Exercise and Active Living, College of Sport and Exercise Science, Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Chen XW, Shafei MN, Abdullah JM, Musa KI. Reliability of Telephone Interview for Assessment of Long-Term Stroke Outcomes: Evidence from Interrater Analysis. Neuroepidemiology 2019; 52:214-219. [PMID: 30799411 DOI: 10.1159/000497238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wee Chen
- Department of Public Health Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Sungai Buloh Campus, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Sungai Buloh, Malaysia
- Department of Community Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Nazri Shafei
- Department of Community Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Malaysia
| | - Jafri Malin Abdullah
- Brain Behaviour Cluster, School of Medical Sciences, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Malaysia
- Department of Neurosciences, Brain Mapping and Neuroinformatics Unit, School of Medical Sciences/Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, Universiti Sains Malaysia Health Campus, Kubang Kerian, Malaysia
| | - Kamarul Imran Musa
- Department of Community Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Malaysia,
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Sundram ER, Norsa'adah B, Mohamad H, Moy FM, Husain NRN, Shafei MN. The Effectiveness of a Voice Care Program Among Primary School Teachers in Northeastern Malaysia. Oman Med J 2019; 34:49-55. [PMID: 30671184 PMCID: PMC6330182 DOI: 10.5001/omj.2019.08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives We sought to determine the effectiveness of a voice care program among primary school teachers in a northeastern district in Malaysia. Methods We conducted a randomized community trial in eight primary schools in a northeastern district in Malaysia. The self-administered and validated Malay-Voice Handicap Index-10 (M-VHI-10) questionnaire was used to assess overall voice handicap scores pre-intervention and eight weeks post-intervention. Teachers with a score of five or more (n = 86) were randomized into intervention (n = 41) and control groups (n = 45). The intervention group received portable voice amplifiers and vocal hygiene instruction, which was delivered by lectures and a booklet. The control group was not prescribed any intervention. Results The sociodemographic, lifestyle, and occupational characteristics of the teachers (except maximum number of students per class) were similar between both groups. The baseline M-VHI-10 scores between both groups were also comparable. After the intervention phase, there was a significant effect observed in the total M-VHI-10 scores (p = 0.021, F-stat (df): 5.33 (1,79)) between both groups after controlling for the maximum number of students per class. Conclusions Our results support the use of voice amplification in adjunct with vocal hygiene instruction as a prevention and treatment modality to reduce voice handicap among teachers. Our study demonstrated encouraging evidence on the low-cost voice care program as well as the success of group and workplace-based approaches in the school setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Rishma Sundram
- Department of Community Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Bachok Norsa'adah
- Biostatistics and Research Methodology Unit, School of Medical Sciences, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Hazama Mohamad
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, School of Medical Sciences, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Foong Ming Moy
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nik Rosmawati Nik Husain
- Department of Community Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Nazri Shafei
- Department of Community Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia
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Mohammad NI, Ghazali S, Shafei MN. Predictors of successfully quitting smoking among smokers registered at the quit smoking clinic at a public hospital in northeastern Malaysia. Fam Med Community Health 2018. [DOI: 10.15212/fmch.2018.0123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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Rahman MHAA, Hairon SM, Hamat RA, Jamaluddin TZMT, Shafei MN, Idris N, Osman M, Sukeri S, Wahab ZA, Mohammad WMZW, Idris Z, Daud A. Seroprevalence and distribution of leptospirosis serovars among wet market workers in northeastern, Malaysia: a cross sectional study. BMC Infect Dis 2018; 18:569. [PMID: 30428852 PMCID: PMC6236877 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-018-3470-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Leptospirosis is a zoonotic disease associated with occupations which exposed workers to environments contaminated with urine of infected animals. The objective of this study was to determine the seroprevalence of leptospirosis among wet market workers in Kelantan. METHODS A cross sectional study was conducted in two main wet markets in Kelantan and 232 wet market workers were randomly selected. Blood samples were analysed for microscopic agglutination test (MAT) against 20 live leptospirosis reference serovars. MAT titres of 1:100 or more were considered as seropositive. RESULTS It was found that the overall seroprevalence for leptospirosis among the respondents was 33.6% (95% CI = 27.5, 39.7). The samples were tested positive against serovars Melaka (IMR LEP 1), Terengganu (IMR LEP 115), Sarawak (IMR LEP 175), Copenhageni (IMR LEP 803/11), Hardjobovis (IMR LEP 27), Australis, Autumnalis, Bataviae, Canicola, Grippotyphosa, Hardjoprajitno, Icterohaemorrhagiae, Javanica, Pyrogenes, Terrasovi, Djasiman, Patoc and Pomona. The predominant serovars was Autumnalis (18.2%). CONCLUSION Wet markets workers were at risk for leptospirosis infection evidenced by high seroprevalence of leptospirosis in this study. Further research need to be conducted to determine factors that favours infection in this groups.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Suhaily Mohd Hairon
- Department of Community Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Rukman Awang Hamat
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Tengku Zetty Maztura Tengku Jamaluddin
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Nazri Shafei
- Department of Community Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Norazlin Idris
- Department of Community Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Malina Osman
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Surianti Sukeri
- Department of Community Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Zainudin A Wahab
- Health Department of Federal Territory Kuala Lumpur & Putrajaya, Jalan Cenderasari, 50590, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Wan Mohd Zahiruddin Wan Mohammad
- Department of Community Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Zawaha Idris
- Health Promotion Unit, Penang State Health Department, Floor 7, Bangunan Persekutuan, Jalan Anson, 10400, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Aziah Daud
- Department of Community Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia.
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Saizan S, Sukeri S, Zahiruddin WM, Shafei MN, Rukman AH, Malina O, Jamaluddin TZMT, Aziah D. Economic benefit of leptospirosis prevention in Kelantan, Malaysia: Willingness-to-contribute approach. Int J Health Plann Manage 2018; 34:e817-e823. [PMID: 30357908 DOI: 10.1002/hpm.2696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Revised: 09/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Leptospirosis is an endemic disease in Malaysia. Despite the increasing incidence rate, knowledge on the economic assessment of preventing leptospirosis is still limited. This paper introduces the willingness-to-contribute (WTC) method for estimating the economic benefit of preventing leptospirosis. A cross-sectional study using the WTC method was applied to measure how much time respondents in Kelantan were willing to contribute toward preventing leptospirosis. Study respondents were wet market traders aged 18 years old and above who were fluent in the Malay language. The average WTC value was multiplied by the population of Kelantan to derive the monetary value of preventing leptospirosis. Two hundred and fifty respondents participated in the study. The mean time contribution was 6.68 hours (SD9.01) per month. The average WTC corresponded to a monthly cost savings of US$4.94 per person. Approximately between US$106.7 million to US$315 million per annum can be saved through the prevention of leptospirosis in Kelantan. Preventing leptospirosis is beneficial to Kelantan and would bring major economic savings. The findings are intended to help policy makers in the planning and management of leptospirosis policies and interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Saizan
- Department of Community Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Malaysia
| | - Surianti Sukeri
- Department of Community Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Malaysia
| | - Wan Mohd Zahiruddin
- Department of Community Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Nazri Shafei
- Department of Community Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Malaysia
| | - Awang Hamat Rukman
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Osman Malina
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | | | - Daud Aziah
- Department of Community Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Malaysia
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Ahmad MH, Ibrahim MI, Mohamed Z, Ismail N, Abdullah MA, Shueb RH, Shafei MN. The Sensitivity, Specificity and Accuracy of Warning Signs in Predicting Severe Dengue, the Severe Dengue Prevalence and Its Associated Factors. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2018; 15:ijerph15092018. [PMID: 30223572 PMCID: PMC6163319 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15092018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2018] [Revised: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Objectives: To study Malaysian dengue clinical practice guideline (CPG) warning signs (WS) in predicting severe dengue (SD) and its associated factors among confirmed cases presented to a teaching hospital in north-eastern Malaysia in 2014. Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed in February 2015 using secondary data acquired from the hospital records. There were 2607 confirmed dengue cases presented to Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia (HUSM) in 2014. Seven hundred patients were selected after proportionate stratified random sampling conducted according to the number of cases in 12 different months in 2014. Data were collected and analysed using SPSS version 22.0. Results: Severe dengue outcomes represented 4.9% of cases. The prevalence of any of WS in SD was 91.2%. The most common WSs prior to SD were persistent vomiting (55.9%), and abdominal pain/tenderness (52.9%). The most sensitive warning sign in detecting SD was abdominal pain (59%). Specificity of individual WS were generally good, especially of clinical fluid accumulation (99%), hepatomegaly (98%) and mucosal bleeding (93%). Factors associated with SD were persistent vomiting (Adjusted odds ratio (aOR)): 2.41), mucosal bleeding (aOR: 4.73) and haematocrit rise with rapid platelet drop (aOR: 2.74). Conclusion: A focus on sensitivity, specificity, predictive values and association of a number of particular WS should be emphasized in order to better predict severe dengue outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Hanief Ahmad
- Department of Community Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kota Bharu 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia.
| | - Mohd Ismail Ibrahim
- Department of Community Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kota Bharu 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia.
| | - Zeehaida Mohamed
- Department of Microbiology & Parasitology, School of Medical Sciences, Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kota Bharu 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia.
| | - Nabilah Ismail
- Department of Microbiology & Parasitology, School of Medical Sciences, Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kota Bharu 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia.
| | - Muhammad Amiruddin Abdullah
- Department of Microbiology & Parasitology, School of Medical Sciences, Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kota Bharu 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia.
| | - Rafidah Hanim Shueb
- Department of Microbiology & Parasitology, School of Medical Sciences, Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kota Bharu 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia.
| | - Mohd Nazri Shafei
- Department of Community Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kota Bharu 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia.
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Sukeri S, Idris Z, Zahiruddin WM, Shafei MN, Idris N, Hamat RA, Jamaluddin TZT, Osman M, Wahab ZA, Daud A. A qualitative exploration of the misconceptions, knowledge gaps and constructs of leptospirosis among rural and urban communities in Malaysia. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0200871. [PMID: 30021013 PMCID: PMC6051666 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0200871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
This qualitative study aimed to explore the misconceptions, knowledge gaps and constructs of leptospirosis among 72 respondents from rural and urban districts in two states of Malaysia. We conducted focus group discussions and data were examined using thematic analyses. The layman term of 'rat urine disease' contributed the most to the misconceptions regarding leptospirosis. There were gaps in the knowledge among urban and rural respondents in the two states, with the majority of subjects demonstrating a poor understanding of the disease. Construction of knowledge about leptospirosis relied mostly on the information provided by mass and social media; reading materials; word-of-mouth publicity; observations; experiences; and knowledge sharing among families, friends, and communities. The study findings may provide the foundation for the development of educational materials that may reduce the gaps in knowledge, and thereby improve health literacy and enhance preventive health behaviours for avoiding leptospirosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surianti Sukeri
- Department of Community Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
- * E-mail:
| | - Zawaha Idris
- Health Promotion Unit, Penang State Health Department, Bangunan Persekutuan, Jalan Anson, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Wan Mohd Zahiruddin
- Department of Community Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Nazri Shafei
- Department of Community Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Norazlin Idris
- Department of Community Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Rukman Awang Hamat
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Tengku Zetty Tengku Jamaluddin
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Malina Osman
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Zainudin Abdul Wahab
- Health Department of Federal Territory Kuala Lumpur and Putrajaya, Jalan Cenderasari, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Aziah Daud
- Department of Community Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
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Rahman MHAA, Hairon SM, Hamat RA, Jamaluddin TZMT, Shafei MN, Idris N, Osman M, Sukeri S, Wahab ZA, Mohammad WMZW, Idris Z, Daud A. Leptospirosis Health Intervention Module Effect on Knowledge, Attitude, Belief, and Practice among Wet Market Workers in Northeastern Malaysia: An Intervention Study. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2018; 15:E1396. [PMID: 29970799 PMCID: PMC6069487 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15071396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Revised: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Leptospirosis is an infectious disease which can be prevented by increasing awareness and promoting preventive health behaviours among high risk groups including wet market workers. Thus, the aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of Leptospirosis Health Intervention Program (LHIP) in improving knowledge, attitude, belief and practice towards leptospirosis among wet market workers in Kelantan. This intervention study was conducted in two main wet markets in Kelantan involving 116 participants in each control and intervention groups. The health education intervention was based on Leptospirosis Health Intervention Module. The knowledge, attitude, belief and practice scores were measured before and six weeks after the intervention to examine the effect of the program. The results showed that knowledge (p < 0.001), attitude (p = 0.001), belief (p < 0.001) and practice (p < 0.001) scores changes were significantly higher in the intervention group compared to the control group. The adjusted mean differences were 12.93 (95% CI: 8.47, 17.39) for knowledge, 5.55 (95% CI: 2.28, 8.81) for attitude, 7.21 (95% CI: 3.43, 10.99) for belief and 7.35 (95% CI: 3.64, 11.05) for practice scores. Leptospirosis Health Intervention Program was an effective health educational tools to improve awareness and preventive behaviours among risk groups such as wet market workers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Suhaily Mohd Hairon
- Department of Community Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Malaysia.
| | - Rukman Awang Hamat
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 43400, Malaysia.
| | | | - Mohd Nazri Shafei
- Department of Community Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Malaysia.
| | - Norazlin Idris
- Department of Community Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Malaysia.
| | - Malina Osman
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 43400, Malaysia.
| | - Surianti Sukeri
- Department of Community Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Malaysia.
| | - Zainudin A Wahab
- Health Department of Federal Territory Kuala Lumpur and Putrajaya, Jalan Cenderasari, Kuala Lumpur 50590, Malaysia.
| | | | - Zawaha Idris
- Health Promotion Unit, Penang State Health Department, Floor 7, Bangunan Persekutuan, Jalan Anson 10400, Penang, Malaysia.
| | - Aziah Daud
- Department of Community Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Malaysia.
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Nozmi N, Samsudin S, Sukeri S, Shafei MN, Wan Mohd WMZ, Idris Z, Arifin WN, Idris N, Saudi SNS, Abdullah NM, Abdul Wahab Z, Tengku Jamaluddin TZM, Abd Rahman H, Masri SN, Daud A, Osman M, Awang Hamat R. Low Levels of Knowledge, Attitudes and Preventive Practices on Leptospirosis among a Rural Community in Hulu Langat District, Selangor, Malaysia. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2018; 15:ijerph15040693. [PMID: 29642390 PMCID: PMC5923735 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15040693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Revised: 03/30/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Little is known on the knowledge, attitudes and preventive practices (KAP) of leptospirosis worldwide. This study embarked on assessing the KAP of leptospirosis among rural communities in Malaysia. A total of 444 participants (223 male; 221 female) aged between 18 and 81 years old were surveyed by using a self-administered questionnaire. A majority of participants had poor knowledge level (57.0%), unacceptable attitudes (90.3%) and unacceptable preventive practices (69.1%) on leptospirosis, and only 29.7% knew “rat-urine disease” as leptospirosis. Only 34.2% of the participants knew the bacteria could enter via wound lesions. Ethnicity and income were strongly associated with knowledge level and preventive practices, respectively (p-values < 0.05). As for attitudes, ethnicity, income and education type were significantly associated (p-values < 0.05). Only 36.5% of the participants were willing to see a doctor and did not mind if their house or surrounding area is dirty (59.7%). Surprisingly, only 32.9% had used rubber boots during floods. By logistic regression analysis, ethnicity was the only significant predictor for both knowledge level (an odds ratio (AOR) = 0.39, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.222–0.680) and preventive practices (AOR = 1.81, 95% CI = 1.204–2.734). Ethnicity (AOR = 0.40, 95% CI = 0.239–0.665), income (AOR = 1.58, 95% CI = 1.041–2.385) and education type (AOR = 3.69, 95% CI = 1.237–10.986) were strong predictors for attitudes. Among the KAP variables, attitude (AOR = 4.357, 95% CI = 2.613–7.264) was the only predictor for the preventive practices by logistic regression analysis. The KAP elements on leptospirosis are still lacking and poor health seeking behavior and attitudes are of our utmost concern. Thus, effective strategies should be planned to impart knowledge, and develop proactive approaches and good preventive modules on leptospirosis to this leptospirosis-prone community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noramira Nozmi
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia.
| | - Suhailah Samsudin
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia.
| | - Surianti Sukeri
- Department of Community Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan 16150, Malaysia.
| | - Mohd Nazri Shafei
- Department of Community Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan 16150, Malaysia.
| | - Wan Mohd Zahiruddin Wan Mohd
- Department of Community Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan 16150, Malaysia.
| | - Zawaha Idris
- Health Promotion Unit, Penang State Health Department, Floor 7, Bangunan Persekutuan, Jalan Anson, Penang 10400, Malaysia.
| | - Wan Nor Arifin
- Unit of Biostatistics and Research Methodology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan 16150, Malaysia.
| | - Norazlin Idris
- Department of Community Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan 16150, Malaysia.
| | - Siti Nor Sakinah Saudi
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia.
| | - Nurul Munirah Abdullah
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia.
| | - Zainudin Abdul Wahab
- Health Department of Federal Territory Kuala Lumpur & Putrajaya, Jalan Cenderasari, Kuala Lumpur 50590, Malaysia.
| | - Tengku Zetty Maztura Tengku Jamaluddin
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia.
| | - Hejar Abd Rahman
- Department of Community Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia.
| | - Siti Norbaya Masri
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia.
| | - Aziah Daud
- Department of Community Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan 16150, Malaysia.
| | - Malina Osman
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia.
| | - Rukman Awang Hamat
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia.
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Ismail B, Shafei MN, Harun A, Ali S, Omar M, Deris ZZ. Predictors of polymyxin B treatment failure in Gram-negative healthcare-associated infections among critically ill patients. J Microbiol Immunol Infect 2017; 51:763-769. [PMID: 28716359 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmii.2017.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2016] [Revised: 12/18/2016] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND With increasing prevalence and spread of multidrug resistant Gram-negative infections, parenteral polymyxins resurged in clinical practice. The primary aim of the study was to determine the predictors of treatment failure and in-hospital mortality among critically ill patients treated with polymyxin B. METHODS Demographic data, underlying diseases, procedures and details on polymyxin B therapy were retrospectively analyzed in a cohort of 84 patients who received intravenous polymyxin B in an intensive care unit from 2010 to 2014. RESULTS Polymyxin B was used to treat bacteremia (46.4% of cases) and pneumonia (53.6%). Majority of the pathogens isolated were Acinetobacter spp. (96.4%). The mortality rate was 48.8%, of which 82.9% was attributed to polymyxin B treatment failure. The independent predictors of treatment failure were low doses of polymyxin B (p = 0.002), shorter duration of therapy (p = 0.009), not combining with cefoperazone/sulbactam (p = 0.030), female gender (p = 0.004), administered for treatment of bacteremia (p = 0.023) and renal impairment (p = 0.021). Low polymyxin B doses (p = 0.007), not combining with cefoperazone/sulbactam (p = 0.024), female gender (p = 0.048) and renal impairment (p = 0.022) were also significant predictors for in-hospital mortality. CONCLUSIONS To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on the association of inadequate dose of polymyxin B (<15,000 units/kg/day) with poor outcome in critically ill patients. Besides that, further clinical studies are warranted to evaluate the use of cefoperazone/sulbactam as second antibiotic in the combination therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahiah Ismail
- Department of Anaesthesiology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia; Hospital Kuala Krai, 18000 Kuala Krai, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Nazri Shafei
- Department of Community Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Azian Harun
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Saedah Ali
- Department of Anaesthesiology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Mahamarowi Omar
- Department of Anaesthesiology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Zakuan Zainy Deris
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia; Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology Unit, Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia.
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Hazmi H, Ishak WRW, Jalil RA, Hua GS, Hamid NF, Haron R, Shafei MN, Ibrahim MI, Bebakar WMW, Ismail SB, Musa KI. TRADITIONAL CARDIOVASCULAR RISK-FACTORS AMONG HEALTHCARE WORKERS IN KELANTAN, MALAYSIA. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health 2015; 46:504-11. [PMID: 26521525 DOI: pmid/26521525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
We conducted a cross sectional study of cardiovascular risk factors among healthcare workers at four government hospitals in Kelantan, Malaysia. We randomly selected 330 subjects fulfilling the following study criteria: those who had been working for at least one year at that health facility, Malaysians citizens and those with some form of direct contact with patients. We conducted an interview, obtained physical measurements, a fasting blood sugar and fasting lipid profiles among 308 subjects. The mean age of the subjects was 43.5 years, 82% were female; 30.8%, 14.3%, 10.4%, 1.3% and 1.6% of the subjects had dyslipidemia, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, a history of stroke and a history of ischemic heart disease, respectively. Forty-two percent of subjects had at least one medical condition. The mean body mass index (BMI) was 27.0 kg/M2 (SD=4.8) and 24.3% had a BMI > or =30 kg/M2. The mean systolic and diastolic blood pressures were 121.5 mmHg (SD=14.0) and 76.5 mmHg (SD=9.7), respectively and the mean waist-hip ratio was 0.84 (SD=0.1). The mean fasting blood sugar, total cholesterol, triglyceride, high density lipoprotein and low density lipoprotein were 5.8 mmol/l (SD=2.4), 5.5 mmol/l (SD=1.0), 1.4 mmol/l (SD=0.9), 1.5 mmol/l (SD=0.3) and 3.5 mmol/l (SD=0.9), respectively. Our study population had a smaller proportion of hypertension than that of the general Malaysian population. They had higher fasting total cholesterol, slightly lower fasting blood sugar, with a large proportion of them, obese and had diabetes. Immediate intervention is needed to reduce the traditional cardiovascular risk factors in this population. Keywords: cardiovascular risk factors, health care workers, Malaysia
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Umar S, Ab Rahman A, Daud A, Othman A, Abd Rahman N, Yusoff A, Harith S, Mohd Husin ZA, Sidek DS, Mohd Kassim AB, Shafei MN, Ramli RR, Wan Ibrahim WP, Ibrahim MI, Churme JS, Rostenberghe HV. Effect of Education Modules on the Job Dissatisfaction of Teachers in Community-Based Rehabilitation Centres in Kelantan, Malaysia. EIMJ 2015; 7. [DOI: 10.5959/eimj.v7i2.344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
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Shafei MN, Zainon N, Zulkifli NF, Ibrahim MI. Knowledge and Perception on Human Papilloma Virus Infection and Vaccination among Medical Students of a University in Malaysia. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.01.640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Mahmoudabady M, Niazmand S, Shafei MN, McEntee K. Investigation of apoptosis in a canine model of chronic heart failure induced by tachycardia. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 100:435-44. [PMID: 24317349 DOI: 10.1556/aphysiol.100.2013.4.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Participation of apoptosis during the development of pacing-induced dilated cardiomyopathy is not fully understood. After 7 weeks rapid right ventricular pacing, gene expressions of Bax, Bcl-2 and Caspase-3 were measured by RTQ-PCR from interventricular septum biopsies that were taken weekly in 21 beagle dogs during the development of heart failure. We evaluated protein levels of these genes by Western blot and DNA fragmentation by TUNEL method from autopsy samples. Gene expression of Bax remained unchanged during the pacing period; Bcl-2 mRNA expression transiently decreased in moderate heart failure and their ratio (Bcl-2/Bax) was not significantly altered. Caspase-3 gene expression increased in heart failure. Compared to the control group, expression of Bax and Bcl-2 proteins and their ratio were increased in dogs only after 4 weeks of pacing. No band of activated Caspase was found in the normal nor in the paced myocardium. In the TUNEL assay there was no significant difference between numbers of apoptotic cells in any of the groups, although a few TUNEL-positive cells were detected in the paced groups. Our results are not in favour of apoptosis in the pathogenesis of heart failure in this model and may be it could be attributed to activation of other systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Mahmoudabady
- Mashhad University of Medical Sciences Neurogenic Inflammation Research Centre and Department of Physiology, School of Medicine Mashhad I. R. Iran Université Libre de Bruxelles Laboratory of Physiology Brussels Belgium
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Nasimi A, Shafei MN, Alaei H. Glutamate injection into the cuneiform nucleus in rat, produces correlated single unit activities in the Kolliker-Fuse nucleus and cardiovascular responses. Neuroscience 2012; 223:439-46. [PMID: 22858597 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2012.07.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2012] [Revised: 07/03/2012] [Accepted: 07/24/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The cuneiform (CnF) and Kolliker-Fuse (KF) nuclei are implicated in several functions including regulation of cardiovascular system and pain modulation. The KF also is a potential candidate for relaying the CnF cardiovascular responses to the rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM). In a previous study we showed that blockade of the KF strongly attenuated the short responses and moderately attenuated the long responses to glutamate microinjection into the CnF, suggesting that the cardiovascular effects of the CnF, especially the short responses, were mediated by the KF. In the present study the cellular basis of the cardiovascular responses of the CnF and possible role of the KF in relaying them to the RVLM were explored. In one group, l-glutamate was microinjected in the CnF and the cardiovascular responses were recorded. In another group the single unit responses of the KF to l-glutamate injection into the CnF were recorded. Our results showed that chemical stimulation of the CnF with glutamate produced mainly excitatory cardiovascular and single unit responses and a minority of mixed (excitatory and inhibitory) responses. In about one fourth of the cases there were no responses to stimulation. Various patterns of each group were presented and compared between cardiovascular and single unit responses. Similarities were found between cardiovascular and single unit response patterns, suggesting a significant role of KF neurons in mediating the CnF cardiovascular responses to the RVLM.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Nasimi
- Department of Physiology, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
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Deris ZZ, Harun A, Shafei MN, Rahman RA, Johari MR. Outcomes and appropriateness of management of nosocomial Acinetobacter bloodstream infections at a teaching hospital in northeastern Malaysia. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health 2009; 40:140-147. [PMID: 19323046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Acinetobacter spp is a known nosocomial pathogen causing a wide range of clinical diseases such as pneumonia, wound infection and bloodstream infections (BSI). The clinical outcomes of acinetobacter BSI were determined by a 1:1 case control study involving 58 confirmed cases of acinetobacter BSI who were compared to other gram-negative infections. The crude mortality of acinetobacter BSI was 47.2%, which was significantly greater than other gram-negative BSI (OR 1.89, 95% CI 1.10-3.24) but there were no significant differences in attributed mortality between the two groups. We found that patients treated in intensive care units (ICU), who had longer ICU stays, who presented with shock or coagulopathy, had prior exposure to carbapenems, had mechanical ventilation, were on a ventilator for longer periods, had a nasogastric tube, had an arterial catheter or had parenteral nutrition at a significantly greater risk of mortality due to acinetobacter BSI. Patients presenting with septic shock (OR 17.95, 95% CI 3.36-95.84) or having a central venous catheter (OR 12.48, 95% CI 1.09-142.68) were independently at higher risk for mortality. Appropriateness of therapy reduced the mortality attributes of acinetobacter BSI (OR 0.197, 95% CI 0.040-0.967) but did not significantly reduce crude mortality in acinetobacter BSI patients. This study shows the importance of preventing acinetobacter BSI and the appropriate use of antimicrobial agents to reduce mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zakuan Zainy Deris
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia Health Campus, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia.
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Boskabady MH, Shafei MN, Parsaee H. Effects of aqueous and macerated extracts from Nigella sativa on guinea pig isolated heart activity. Pharmazie 2005; 60:943-8. [PMID: 16398273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Several therapeutic effects including those on digestive and gynaecological disorders, against asthma and dyspnea have been described for the seeds of Nigella sativa. In the present study, the effects of aqueous and macerated extracts from Nigella sativa on heart rate and contractility of the isolated heart were examined. Isolated guinea-pig hearts were perfused through aorta in the Langendorff mode. Heart rate (HR) and contractility were determined on the presence of four concentrations of aqueous and macerated extract from Nigella sativa (0.5, 1.0, 2.0 and 5.0 mg%) and diltiazem, a calcium channel blocker (0.1, 1, 10 and 100 microM) in comparison with baseline values in two different groups of experiments as follows: 1) Perfused heart with ordinary Krebs solution (group 1 experiments, n = 9). 2) Perfused heart with calcium free Krebs solution (group 2 experiments, n = 8). In group 1 three higher concentrations of diltiazem (1, 10 and 100 microM) and both extracts (1.0, 2.0 and 5.0 mg%) showed a significant reduction in heart rate (P < 0.001). However, only two larger concentrations of diltiazem (10 and 100 [microM) and macerated extract (2.0 and 5.0 mg%) and three concentrations of the aqueous extract (1.0, 2.0 and 5.0 mg%) caused a significant reduction in heart contractility in this group (P < 0.001). In group 2 only 100 microM diltiazem, caused significant reduction in heart contractility. However, two concentrations of macerated extract (2.0 and 5.0 mg%) and three higher concentrations of aqueous extract (1.0, 2.0 and 5.0 mg%) caused significant reductions in heart rate and contractility in this group (p < 0.05 to p < 0.001). There were significant negative correlations between concentrations of both extracts and diltiazem and their effect on heart rate and contractility in both groups (p < 0.01 to p < 0.001). These results showed a potent inhibitory effect of both extracts from Nigella sativa on both heart rate and contractility of guinea pig heart that was comparable and even higher than that of diltazem. The results of the present study may be due to calcium channel inhibitory or an opening effect for the plant on potassium channels of the isolated heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- M H Boskabady
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Ghaem Medical Centre, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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