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Vigeh M, Sahebi L, Yokoyama K. Prenatal blood lead levels and Birth Weight: a Meta-analysis study. J Environ Health Sci Eng 2023; 21:1-10. [PMID: 37155699 PMCID: PMC10163201 DOI: 10.1007/s40201-022-00843-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/13/2022] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Purpose Lead, a known toxic metal, causes several adverse reproductive effects, including low birth weight. Fortunately, the exposure level has sharply decreased during the recent decades, but a definitive safe level did not introduce for pregnant women yet. The current meta-analysis study aimed to conduct a quantitative estimation of maternal and umbilical cord blood lead effects on birth weight. Methods Two researchers have independently searched the scientific literature for retrieving related studies using the PRISMA criteria for data extraction. Twenty-one full-text articles were selected from primary 5006 titles, limited by the English language and published between 1991 and 2020 on humans. Results The pooled mean of maternal and umbilical cord blood lead levels were 6.85 µg/dL (95% CI: 3.36-10.34) and 5.41 µg/dL (95%CI: 3.43-7.40), respectively. The correlation coefficient analysis showed a significant inverse association between the mean maternal blood lead level and birth weight, which was confirmed by Fisher Z-Transformation analysis (-0.374, 95% CI: -0.382, -0.365, p < 0.01). In addition, a significantly lower birth weight (∆: 229 gr, p < 0.05) was found in the relatively high level of maternal blood lead than in low-level exposure (> 5 µg/dL vs. ≤ 5 µg/dL, respectively). Conclusion In short, the present study findings suggest an increasing maternal blood lead levels could be a potential risk factor for reducing birth weight. Thus, pregnant women should avoid lead exposure, as much as possible. Supplementary information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40201-022-00843-w.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Vigeh
- Maternal, Fetal and Neonatal Research Center, Family Health Research Institute, Immam Knomeini Hospital , Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 142933141, Iran
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, Faculty of Medicine, Juntendo University, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunyaku-ko, 113-8421 Tokyo, Japan
| | - Leyla Sahebi
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, Faculty of Medicine, Juntendo University, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunyaku-ko, 113-8421 Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuhito Yokoyama
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, Faculty of Medicine, Juntendo University, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunyaku-ko, 113-8421 Tokyo, Japan
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2
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Shabani-Mirzaee H, Haghshenas Z, Malekiantaghi A, Vigeh M, Mahdavi F, Eftekhari K. The effect of oral probiotics on glycated haemoglobin levels in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus - a randomized clinical trial. Pediatr Endocrinol Diabetes Metab 2023; 29:128-133. [PMID: 38031828 PMCID: PMC10679923 DOI: 10.5114/pedm.2023.132025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Proper control of blood glucose in children with type 1 diabetes has a direct effect on their metabolism and quality of life by reducing the risk of complications. The use of probiotics may have a beneficial effect on glucose levels. PURPOSE The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of oral consumption of probiotics on glycosylated haemoglobin in children with type 1 diabetes. MATERIAL AND METHODS In this single-blind randomized controlled clinical trial, 52 children with type 1 diabetes were studied. We created 2 groups of 26 individuals each. The probiotic group received a daily probiotic capsule for 90 days, in addition to routine insulin therapy. The control group received only insulin therapy. Blood samples were taken to measure HbA1c, fasting plasma glucose, and lipid profiles at the beginning and end of the trial. RESULTS The study showed that HbA1c was high in both groups, but this increase was lower in the probiotic group than in the control group. This difference was not statistically significant. The mean level of fasting plasma glucose in the probiotic group was significantly reduced compared to the control group (p = 0.016). CONCLUSIONS According to the results of our study, consumption of oral probiotics has no significant effect on HbA1c levels in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hosein Shabani-Mirzaee
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Haghshenas
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Mohsen Vigeh
- Maternal-Fetal Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | - Fazeleh Mahdavi
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kambiz Eftekhari
- Pediatrics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran
- Pediatric Gastroenterology and Hepatology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran
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3
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Malekiantaghi A, AsnaAshari K, Shabani-Mirzaee H, Vigeh M, Sadatinezhad M, Eftekhari K. Evaluation of the risk of malnutrition in hospitalized children by PYMS, STAMP, and STRONGkids tools and comparison with their anthropometric indices: a cross-sectional study. BMC Nutr 2022; 8:33. [PMID: 35449119 PMCID: PMC9027700 DOI: 10.1186/s40795-022-00525-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Malnutrition is a determining factor of pediatric mortality and morbidity, especially in low and middle-income countries. Hospitalized children are at a higher risk of malnutrition. Several malnutrition screening tools have been used, among which STAMP, PYMS, and STRONGkids are valid tools with high sensitivity and specificity. The aim of this study was to compare these screening tools to find the best ones in identifying the risk of malnutrition in hospitalized children. Methods This is a cross-sectional study performed on hospitalized children aged 1 to 16 years. The questionnaires of PYMS, STAMP, STRONGkids malnutrition risk assessment tools were filled. The weight for height and BMI for age Z-scores were calculated. The data were analyzed by SPSS. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive values of the risk scores based on weight for height and BMI for age Z-scores were calculated. Results Ninety-three patients with a mean age of 5.53 ± 3.9 years were included. The frequency of malnutrition was reported as 26% and 39% according to weight for height and BMI for age Z-scores, respectively. A significant relationship was found between PYMS and Weight for height Z-score (P-value < 0.001), and BMI for age Z-score (P-value < 0.001). Moreover, STRONGkids was found to be associated with weight for height Z-score (P-value: 0.017). Conclusion The PYMS is a practical and beneficial tool in early identifying the risk of severe malnutrition in hospitalized patients. It is a suitable method for patients in our settings. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s40795-022-00525-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armen Malekiantaghi
- Pediatric department, Pediatric Gastroenterology, Bahrami Children Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kosar AsnaAshari
- Pediatric department, Bahrami Children Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hosein Shabani-Mirzaee
- Pediatric department, Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism, Bahrami Children Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Vigeh
- Maternal-Fetal Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Sadatinezhad
- Pediatric department, Bahrami Children Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kambiz Eftekhari
- Pediatric department, Pediatric Gastroenterology and Hepatology Research Center, Bahrami Children Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Kiaee Street, 1641744991, Tehran, Iran.
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4
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Changizi N, Farrokhzad N, Vigeh M, Moradi R, Bagheri M, Sahebi L. COVID-19 Vaccination in Pregnant Women: A Review Study. Int J Enteric Pathog 2021. [DOI: 10.34172/ijep.2021.28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: After launching coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination programs, healthcare workers and the general population were worried about the efficacy and safety of vaccines in mothers and fetuses due to insufficient data. During the phases of clinical trial and mass vaccinations, many unplanned pregnancies occurred in vaccinated women, which helped to investigate protection rates of vaccines against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and their side effects. Objective: This review study had two main objectives, including finding original articles about vaccinated pregnant women and collecting suggestions/recommendations in published documents, including the effectiveness, benefits, side effects, and instructions for vaccination of pregnant women. Materials and Methods: The web-based literature was extensively searched to retrieve the related documents. Due to the emerging nature of evidence, rapid onset of the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak, and recent vaccination programs, no limitation was applied regarding inclusion criteria and the study type. Results: Sixteen documents were selected for full text reading. Due to the significant benefits of vaccines (mostly mRNA types), such as the reduced risk of disease severity, premature labor, and virus transmission, vaccination of pregnant women has been recommended by the Joint Committee on Vaccination and Immunization as well as several other organizations. Conclusion: the consequences of SARS-CoV-2 disease during pregnancy seem to outweigh the known side effects of the vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasrin Changizi
- Maternal, Fetal and Neonatal Research Center, Family Health Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Maternal Health Department, Population, Family and School Health Office, Deputy of Health, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nahid Farrokhzad
- Maternal, Fetal and Neonatal Research Center, Family Health Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Vigeh
- Maternal, Fetal and Neonatal Research Center, Family Health Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Raheleh Moradi
- Breastfeeding Research Center, Family Health Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Bagheri
- Vali-e-Asr Reproductive Health Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Leyla Sahebi
- Maternal, Fetal and Neonatal Research Center, Family Health Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Paknejad MS, Eftekhari K, Rahimi R, Vigeh M, Naghizadeh A, Karimi M. Myrtle (Myrtus communis L.) fruit syrup for gastroesophageal reflux disease in children: A double-blind randomized clinical trial. Phytother Res 2021; 35:6369-6376. [PMID: 34533246 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
This double-blind study was designed to evaluate the efficacy of a syrup made from Myrtus communis L. fruit on children with gastroesophageal reflux disease. Children aged 1-7 years old, diagnosed with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), were randomly allocated to either intervention group (omeprazole and "myrtle fruit syrup") or control group (omeprazole and placebo syrup). GERD symptom questionnaire for young children (GSQ-YC) was filled out for each patient at zeroth and eighth week, and also 4 weeks after cessation of intervention. No statistically significant difference between two groups in terms of GERD score was reported neither in 8th nor in 12th week assessments. During the 4 weeks of the drug-free period, patients in myrtle group did not experience a large shift in GERD score, while patients in placebo syrup group experienced an increase of as much as 19.4. However, this difference was not statistically significant, although it could be significant clinically. For achieving more conclusive results, more studies are needed. The symptom "refusal to eat" in the intervention group was less than in placebo group after 8 weeks (p = .018) and at the end of the study (p = .042). So myrtle fruit syrup may be considered for children with low appetite.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kambiz Eftekhari
- Pediatric Gastroenterology and Hepatology Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Bahrami Children's Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Roja Rahimi
- School of Traditional Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Vigeh
- Maternal, Fetal, and Neonatal Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ayeh Naghizadeh
- School of Traditional Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehrdad Karimi
- School of Traditional Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Vigeh M, Yunesian M, Matsukawa T, Shamsipour M, Jeddi MZ, Rastkari N, Hassanvand MS, Shariat M, Kashani H, Pirjani R, Effatpanah M, Shirazi M, Shariatpanahi G, Ohtani K, Yokoyama K. Prenatal blood levels of some toxic metals and the risk of spontaneous abortion. J Environ Health Sci Eng 2021; 19:357-363. [PMID: 34150240 PMCID: PMC8172701 DOI: 10.1007/s40201-020-00608-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
High-level toxic metal exposure has become rare in the recent years. Although, it has not known whether relatively lower exposure may adversely affect human reproductive system. Spontaneous abortion (SA) is a serious reproductive problem, which, in many cases, the cause(s) is not clearly understood. To assess the relationship between prenatal blood level of metals and SA risk, we compared blood concentration of some heavy metals in samples taken from mothers recruited in Tehran Environment and Neurodevelopmental Defects (TEND) study conducted on apparently healthy pregnant women in Tehran, Iran who subsequently experienced spontaneous abortion with mothers who their pregnancy ended to live births. During early gestation, 206 women were enrolled to the survey and followed up till fetal abortion or baby deliveries occur. Blood metal concentrations were measured using an inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer. The mean blood levels of lead, antimony, and nickel were higher in SA than ongoing pregnancy; however, this difference was not statistically significant. When adjusted for covariates, the logistic regression analysis showed significant association between maternal age and the risk of SA in all models. Among toxic metals only antimony had a noticeable positive relation with the risk of SA (OR: 1.65, 95% CI:1.08-2.52, P value: 0.02). Pearson's correlation coefficient showed significant (P < 0.05) positive correlations among prenatal blood metals levels, except for nickel. Although the present study failed to provide strong evidence for the effects of toxic metals on the occurrence of SA at the relatively low-levels, these metals should be avoided in women who plan pregnancy and/or during the early stages of gestation to prevent the chance of adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Vigeh
- Maternal, Fetal and Neonatal Research Center, Family Health Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Occupational Epidemiology, National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Masud Yunesian
- Department of Research Methodology and Data Analysis, Institute for Environmental Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Takehise Matsukawa
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mansour Shamsipour
- Department of Research Methodology and Data Analysis, Institute for Environmental Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Zare Jeddi
- Division of Toxicology, Wageningen University & Research, Stippeneng 4, 6708 E Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Noushin Rastkari
- Center for Air Pollution Research, Institute for Environmental Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Sadegh Hassanvand
- Center for Air Pollution Research, Institute for Environmental Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mamak Shariat
- Maternal, Fetal and Neonatal Research Center, Family Health Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Homa Kashani
- Department of Research Methodology and Data Analysis, Institute for Environmental Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reihaneh Pirjani
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Arash Women’s Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Mahboobeh Shirazi
- Maternal, Fetal and Neonatal Research Center, Family Health Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Katsumi Ohtani
- Occupational Epidemiology, National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kazuhito Yokoyama
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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7
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Shamsipour M, Pirjani R, Jeddi MZ, Effatpanah M, Rastkari N, Kashani H, Shirazi M, Hassanvand MS, Shariat M, Javadi FS, Shariatpanahi G, Hassanpour G, Peykarporsan Z, Jamal A, Ardestani ME, Hoseini FS, Dalili H, Nayeri FS, Mesdaghinia A, Naddafi K, Shahtaheri SJ, Nasseri S, Yunesian F, Rezaeizadeh G, Amini H, Yokoyama K, Vigeh M, Yunesian M. Tehran environmental and neurodevelopmental disorders (TEND) cohort study: Phase I, feasibility assessment. J Environ Health Sci Eng 2020; 18:733-742. [PMID: 33312598 PMCID: PMC7721759 DOI: 10.1007/s40201-020-00499-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To advance knowledge about childhood neurodevelopmental disorders and study their environmental determinants, we conducted a study in Tehran, Iran to assess the feasibility of prospective birth cohort study. METHODS We evaluated participation of pregnant women, feasibility of sampling biological material, and health care services availability in Tehran in four steps: (1) first trimester of pregnancy; (2) third trimester of pregnancy; (3) at delivery; and (4) two to three months after delivery. We collected related data through questionnaires, also various biological samples were obtained from mothers (blood, urine, milk and nails-hands and feet) and newborns (umbilical cord blood, meconium, and urine samples) from February 2016 to October 2017. RESULTS overall 838 eligible pregnant women were approached. The participation rate was 206(25%) in our study and about 185(90%) of subjects were recruited in hospitals. Out of 206 participants in the first trimester, blood, urine, hand nail, and foot nail samples were collected from 206(100%),193(93%), 205(99%), and 205(99%), respectively. These values dropped to 65(54%), 83(69%), 84(70%), and 84(70%) for the remaining participants 120(58%) in the third trimester, respectively. Also, we gathered milk samples from 125(60%) of mothers at two to three months after delivery. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that hospitals were better places for recruitment of subjects in a birth cohort in Tehran. We further concluded that birth cohort study recruitment can be improved by choosing appropriate gestational ages. Obtaining the newborn's urine, meconium, and umbilical cord blood were challenging procedures and require good collaboration between hospital staff and researchers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mansour Shamsipour
- Department of Research Methodology and Data Analysis, Institute for Environmental Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reihaneh Pirjani
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Arash women’s hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Zare Jeddi
- Division of Toxicology, Wageningen University & Research, Stippeneng 4, 6708 E Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Mohammad Effatpanah
- School of Medicine, Ziaeian Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Noushin Rastkari
- Center for Air Pollution Research, Institute for Environmental Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Homa Kashani
- Department of Research Methodology and Data Analysis, Institute for Environmental Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahboobeh Shirazi
- Maternal, fetal and neonatal research center, Tehran University of medical sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Sadegh Hassanvand
- Center for Air Pollution Research, Institute for Environmental Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mamak Shariat
- Maternal Fetal and Neonatal Research Center, Family Health Institute, Imam Khomeini Hospitals Complexes, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Ghazal Shariatpanahi
- Pediatric department, Ziaeian Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Hassanpour
- Center for Research of Endemic Parasites of Iran, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Peykarporsan
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Akram Jamal
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mina Ebad Ardestani
- Department of Research Methodology and Data Analysis, Institute for Environmental Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Hosein Dalili
- Breastfeeding Research Center, Family Health Institute, Imam Khomeini Hospitals Complexes, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Sadat Nayeri
- Maternal Fetal and Neonatal Research Center, Family Health Institute, Imam Khomeini Hospitals Complexes, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Mesdaghinia
- Center for Water Quality Research, Institute for Environmental Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kazem Naddafi
- Center for Air Pollution Research, Institute for Environmental Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Jamaleddin Shahtaheri
- Department of Occupational Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Simin Nasseri
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Center for Water Quality Research, Institute for Environmental Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farzad Yunesian
- Environmental Engineer, Data Management Unit in Trial Contract Research Organization, Tehran, Iran
| | - Golnaz Rezaeizadeh
- Maternal Fetal and Neonatal Research Center, Family Health Institute, Imam Khomeini Hospitals Complexes, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Heresh Amini
- Section of Environmental Health, Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA USA
| | - Kazuhito Yokoyama
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421 Japan
| | - Mohsen Vigeh
- Maternal Fetal and Neonatal Research Center, Family Health Institute, Imam Khomeini Hospitals Complexes, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421 Japan
| | - Masud Yunesian
- Department of Research Methodology and Data Analysis, Institute for Environmental Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Abstract
Background: Exposure to toxic metals remains a public health problem with lifelong impacts on childhood growth and development. We aimed to investigate metals effects on preschool children’s anthropometric variables. Methods: The study was conducted in Tehran, Iran, from Jul 2013 to Mar 2016. We measured scalp hair metal concentrations (lead, cadmium, arsenic, zinc, manganese, and cobalt), using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, in 207 preschool children’s (36 to 72 months old). Results: A significant negative correlation between children’s hair lead levels and children’s weight was found (r= −0.178, P<0.05). Linear regression analysis confirmed the relationship when adjusted for the confounders, including children’s age, sex, height, family income, and maternal education (β= −0.191; t= −3.426, P< 0.01). The ANOVA analysis showed a significant (P<0.01) difference between hair lead level and children’s weight-for-age percentiles. Totally and separately, in almost all weight percentiles, hair lead levels were higher in girls than boys. Conclusion: The present study on Iranian children showed the current levels of lead exposure might negatively influence on children growth, with higher risk for girls than boys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Vigeh
- Maternal, Fetal, and Neonatal Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, Faculty of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuhito Yokoyama
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, Faculty of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takehisa Matsukawa
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, Faculty of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Atsuko Shinohara
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, Faculty of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Katsumi Ohtani
- Occupational Epidemiology Research Group, National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Mamak Shariat
- Maternal, Fetal, and Neonatal Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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9
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Abstract
The low birthrate and aging population of Japan are entering a serious phase. As measures against the declining birthrate, improvement of the environment is promoted to support childbirth and child-rearing, but even if the birthrate increases in the future, it will take time before the effect is observed as an increase in the population. As the number of children and young people is decreasing, in order to maintain a wealthy and sustainable society, we should create an environment wherein each child can grow healthily and demonstrate sufficient abilities in participating in society. The authors have been studying the influence of exposure to environmental chemical substances on the development of children. Lead is especially considered to impair neurological development even at low concentrations of exposure. In this paper, using lead as an example, we discuss risk assessment and countermeasures for the health effects of trace chemical substances on a society with a declining birthrate. Substances that show neurotoxicity increase social costs even at low concentrations of exposure. To preserve and promote social vitality in Japan despite the declining birthrate and aging population, it is essential that measures are taken on the basis of scientifically reasonable cost/benefit assessment. For this purpose, we think that it is necessary to analyze costs and benefits in addition to the risk assessment of low concentrations of chemical substances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takehisa Matsukawa
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Kazuhito Yokoyama
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Mohsen Vigeh
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine.,Maternal, Fetal and Neonatal Research Center, Imam Khomeini Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences
| | - Emiko Nishioka
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine.,Department of Maternal Nursing, Division of Nursing, National Defense Medical College
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10
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Vigeh M, Nishioka E, Ohtani K, Omori Y, Matsukawa T, Koda S, Yokoyama K. Prenatal mercury exposure and birth weight. Reprod Toxicol 2018; 76:78-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2018.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Revised: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE Pregnancy hypertension is the most common gestational complication and poses a critical risk for mother and fetus. Whether environmental factors may play an important role in disease occurrence is not fully determined. METHODS To investigate the effects of prenatal manganese (Mn) exposure on gestational blood pressure, 386 women were examined. RESULTS Early pregnancy blood Mn was significantly (p < 0.05) correlated with blood pressure through gestation. A significant association between odds of pre-hypertension with blood Mn was shown (OR:1.150, 95% CI:1.052-1.258). CONCLUSION The current study results might suggest the blood Mn level during early stage of pregnancy as a potential risk factor for increasing the risk of gestational blood pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Vigeh
- a Department of Occupational Epidemiology , National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health , Kawasaki , Japan.,b Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health , Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Emiko Nishioka
- b Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health , Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Kazuhito Yokoyama
- b Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health , Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Katsumi Ohtani
- a Department of Occupational Epidemiology , National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health , Kawasaki , Japan
| | - Takehisa Matsukawa
- b Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health , Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine , Tokyo , Japan
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Ohtani K, Vigeh M, Kobayashi K. The evaluation of morphological effect on sperm in the 1-bromopropane-given rat by utilizing dark field image. Toxicol Lett 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2016.06.1387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Vigeh M, Nishioka E, Matsukawa T, Koda S, Ohtani K, Yokoyama K. Early pregnancy manganese exposure may increase gestational blood pressure. Toxicol Lett 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2016.06.2041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Abstract
The effect of prenatal lead exposure on child development has been a topic of public health concern for decades. To estimate prenatal lead exposure effects on early childhood development, maternal blood (n = 364) and umbilical cord blood (n = 224) samples were collected during pregnancy and at delivery. Mental development was assessed using the Harold Ireton Early Child Development Inventory from 174 children. Maternal whole blood lead levels in the first trimester were significantly higher in children with developmental scores <20% than in those with normal scores (mean ± standard deviation: 6.3 ± 1.9 vs 4.0 ± 2.4 µg/dL, respectively, P = .01). Maternal blood lead levels in the first trimester were also inversely associated with the development scores (r = -0.155, P = .041). Logistic regression analysis showed a significant relationship between increasing maternal blood lead levels in the first trimester with low development scores (odds ratio = 1.74, 95% confidence interval = 1.18-2.57, P = .005). The findings of the present study showed a relatively low level of prenatal lead exposure (mean < 6.5 µg/dL) associated with lower developmental scores in early childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Vigeh
- Department of Hazard Assessment, National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health, Kanagawa, Japan Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuhito Yokoyama
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takehisa Matsukawa
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Atsuko Shinohara
- Research Institute for Cultural Studies, Seisen University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Katsumi Ohtani
- Department of Hazard Assessment, National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health, Kanagawa, Japan
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Vigeh M, Yokoyama K, Ohtani K, Shahbazi F, Matsukawa T. Increase in blood manganese induces gestational hypertension during pregnancy. Hypertens Pregnancy 2013; 32:214-24. [DOI: 10.3109/10641955.2013.784784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Abstract
Carbon monoxide pollution frequently occurs due to auto exhaust, industrial emissions, and/or cigarette smoke. Exogenous and endogenous carbon monoxide affects blood pressure; however, the relation of carbon monoxide exposure to pregnancy hypertension has not been systematically examined. For the present study the authors recruited a total of 2,707 apparently healthy, non-obese, non-smoking mothers, aged between 15 and 40 years, who had singleton births, and who lived within two miles of the selected air monitoring stations in Tehran, Iran, to study the relation of ambient carbon monoxide to pregnancy hypertension (>140 mmHg systolic and/or >90 mmHg diastolic after the 20th week of gestation). A relatively small but statistically significant elevation in mean postpartum diastolic blood pressure (mean ± SD, 69.5 ± 9.8 mmHg) was observed in the mothers' who were exposed to relatively high ambient carbon monoxide (mean = 14.1 ppm) compared to mothers exposed to lower carbon monoxide (mean = 1.8 ppm) concentrations (mean ± SD, 68.0 ± 8.3 mmHg, p < 0.01). The authors found twice the rate of pregnancy hypertension in the relatively higher carbon monoxide exposed mothers than the mothers with lower exposure (adjusted odds ratio = 2.02, 95% CI 1.35-3.03). Findings of the present study suggest that high level ambient carbon monoxide exposure is associated with pregnancy hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Vigeh
- Department of Hazard Assessment, National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health, Kawasaki, Japan.
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Abstract
Although evidence tends to suggest that high levels of lead exposure increase the risk of spontaneous abortion, we do not yet know whether moderate- to low-level exposure elevates risk. Among 351 women (aged 16 to 35 years, with single pregnancies) who were registered for a longitudinal study, 15 (4.3%) women experienced spontaneous abortion after the 12th week of gestation and before the 20th week. We collected participants' blood samples during the first trimester of pregnancy (8-12 weeks) for lead measurement by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. Mean ± standard deviation of blood lead was 3.8 ± 2.0 μg/dl (range 1.0-20.5 μg/dl) with a geometric mean of 3.5 μg/dl. Mean blood lead concentrations did not differ significantly between spontaneous abortion cases and ongoing pregnancies (3.51 ± 1.42 and 3.83 ± 1.99 μg/dl, respectively). The findings suggest that in apparently healthy women, low blood lead levels (mean < 5 μg/dl) measured in early pregnancy may not be a risk factor for spontaneous abortion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Vigeh
- Department of Hazard Assessment, National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health, Kawasaki, Japan.
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Vigeh M, Smith DR, Hsu PC. How does lead induce male infertility? Iran J Reprod Med 2011; 9:1-8. [PMID: 25356074 PMCID: PMC4212138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2010] [Accepted: 07/31/2010] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
An important part of male infertility of unknown etiology may be attributed to various environmental and occupational exposures to toxic substances, such as lead. The reproductive effects of lead are complex and appear to involve multiple pathways, not all of which are fully understood. It is still unclear, for example, if male reproductive issues in lead-exposed persons are mostly related to the disruption of reproductive hormones, whether the problems are due to the lead's direct effects on the gonads, or both? This question has been difficult to answer, because lead, especially at high levels, may adversely affect many human organs. Although lead can potentially reduce male fertility by decreasing sperm count and motility, inducing abnormal morphology and affecting functional parameters; not all studies have been able to clearly demonstrate such findings. In addition, research has shown that the blood-testis barrier can protect testicular cells from direct exposure to high levels of blood lead. For these reasons and considering the wide spectrum of lead toxicity on reproductive hormones, the present review suggests that lead's main influence on male reproduction probably occurs by altering the reproductive hormonal axis and the hormonal control on spermatogenesis, rather than by a direct toxic effect on the seminiferous tubules of the testes. As blood lead concentrations below the currently accepted worker protection standard may still adversely affect male fertility, future studies should aim to establish more concrete links between lead exposure (especially at low levels) and subsequent male infertility. Research should also pay more attention to lead's effects on reducing male fertility rates based on not only hormonal axis alteration, but also on the changes in sperm characteristic among exposed subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Vigeh
- Department of Hazard Evaluation and Epidemiology Research, National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Derek R. Smith
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health, University of Newcastle, Ourimbah, Australia
| | - Ping-Chi Hsu
- Departmant of Safety, Health and Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung First University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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Abstract
In adults, high-level lead exposure often occurs in the lead-related industries. Acute lead poisoning has become rare, but chronic exposure to low-level lead remains a public health issue. With recent advances in our understanding of lead toxicity at low-levels, researchers have shifted their focus to studying lead at concentrations below those currently recommended as 'acceptable' in worker protection. As gender plays an important role in the storage, biokinetics, and toxicity of lead, it seems inappropriate to extrapolate findings of lead exposure in men to women. Women's bones release lead more slowly to the bloodstream, so blood levels remain increased for a long time after cessation of high exposure, reflecting the endogenous source of the lead. Particularly in pregnant women, bone lead release could influence health in pregnancy and be extremely harmful to the rapidly growing and developing fetus. Accordingly, female workers of childbearing age should avoid excessive lead exposure. However, because studies of pregnant workers encounter many difficulties and inconveniences, sufficient research has not been conducted in this area. As an alternative, a group of non-occupationally exposed women, matched as well as possible for anthropometric and reproductive variables and with almost the same levels of blood lead, could be recruited for survey.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Vigeh
- National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health, 6-21-1 Nagao, Tama-ku, Kawasaki 214-8585, Japan.
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Vigeh M, Yokoyama K, Seyedaghamiri Z, Shinohara A, Matsukawa T, Chiba M, Yunesian M. Blood lead at currently acceptable levels may cause preterm labour. Occup Environ Med 2010; 68:231-4. [PMID: 20798002 DOI: 10.1136/oem.2009.050419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Although occupational and environmental exposures to lead have been dramatically reduced in recent decades, adverse pregnancy outcomes have been observed at 'acceptable' levels of blood lead concentrations (≤ 10 μg/dl). METHODOLOGY Blood samples were collected from 348 singleton pregnant women, aged 16-35 years, during the first trimester of pregnancy (8-12 weeks) for lead measurement by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. Subjects were followed up and divided into two groups (preterm and full-term deliveries) according to duration of gestation. RESULTS The average (range) and geometric means of blood lead levels were 3.8 (1.0-20.5) and 3.5 μg/dl, respectively. Blood lead level was significantly (p<0.05) higher in mothers who delivered preterm babies than in those who delivered full-term babies (mean±SD: 4.46±1.86 and 3.43±1.22 μg/dl, respectively). Logistic regression analysis demonstrated that a 1 unit increase in blood lead levels led to an increased risk of preterm birth (OR 1.41, 95% CI 1.08 to 1.84). CONCLUSION Adverse pregnancy outcomes may occur at blood lead concentrations below the current acceptable level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Vigeh
- National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health, 6-21-6 Nagao, Tama-ku, Kawasaki 214-8585, Japan.
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Vigeh M, Yokoyama K, Shinohara A, Afshinrokh M, Yunesian M. Early pregnancy blood lead levels and the risk of premature rupture of the membranes. Reprod Toxicol 2010; 30:477-80. [PMID: 20576532 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2010.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2009] [Revised: 03/23/2010] [Accepted: 05/07/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
To clarify the effects of lead on fetal premature rupture of the membranes (PROM), blood lead concentrations were measured using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry in 332 women, aged 16-35 years, during their early pregnancy period (8-12 weeks). Blood lead concentrations were significantly higher in the 36 PROM deliveries than in the 296 non-PROM deliveries (mean ± SD, 4.61 ± 2.37 and 3.69 ± 1.85 μg/dl, respectively; p<0.05). The logistic regression analysis revealed that a 1-unit increase in the logarithm of the blood lead level led to a several-fold increase in the risk of PROM (unit risk=17.98, 95% CI 1.6-198.6). Thus, it is suggested that lead can increase the risk of PROM in pregnant women with mean blood lead less than 5 μg/dl.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Vigeh
- Department of Hazard Assessment, National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health, 6-21-6 Nagao, Tama-ku, Kawasaki 214-8585, Japan.
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Vigeh M, Yokoyama K, Ramezanzadeh F, Dahaghin M, Fakhriazad E, Seyedaghamiri Z, Araki S. Blood manganese concentrations and intrauterine growth restriction. Reprod Toxicol 2007; 25:219-23. [PMID: 18242051 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2007.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2007] [Revised: 11/09/2007] [Accepted: 11/29/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
To assess the relationship between blood concentrations of manganese (Mn) and intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), Mn levels in the umbilical cord blood (UCB) and the mother whole blood (MWB) samples were measured in apparently healthy mothers and their newborns. Measurement was conducted by an inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Manganese concentrations in MWB were significantly lower (p<0.01) in IUGR cases than in appropriate for gestational age (AGA) cases (mean+/-S.D.; 16.7+/-4.8 and 19.1+/-5.9 microg/l, respectively). Conversely, UCB concentrations of Mn were significantly higher (p<0.05) in IUGR newborns than AGA newborns (44.7+/-19.1 and 38.2+/-13.1 microg/l, respectively). Logistic regression analysis demonstrated significant relationships of the mother whole blood and the umbilical cord blood concentrations of Mn in IUGR cases (OR=0.868, 1.044, respectively). The study suggests that manganese concentrations in MWB and UCB might induce different effects on birth weight in healthy mothers. Because intrauterine growth restriction is a multi-factorial problem, further epidemiological and clinical studies on larger numbers of subjects are needed to confirm the findings in the present study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Vigeh
- International Center for Research Promotion and Informatics, National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health, 21-6 Nagao 6chome, Tama-ku, Kawasaki 214-8585, Japan.
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Vigeh M, Yokoyama K, Ramezanzadeh F, Dahaghin M, Sakai T, Morita Y, Kitamura F, Sato H, Kobayashi Y. Lead and other trace metals in preeclampsia: a case-control study in Tehran, Iran. Environ Res 2006; 100:268-75. [PMID: 16029873 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2005.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2004] [Revised: 05/23/2005] [Accepted: 05/26/2005] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
To assess the effects of environmental exposures to trace metals on the incidence of preeclampsia, concentrations of lead (Pb), antimony (Sb), manganese (Mn), mercury, cadmium, cobalt and zinc in umbilical cord blood (UCB) and mother whole blood (MWB) were measured in 396 postpartum women without occupational exposure to metals in Tehran, Iran, using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Mother's ages ranged from 15 to 49 (mean 27) years. Preeclampsia was diagnosed in 31 subjects (7.8%). Levels of Pb, Sb and Mn in UCB were significantly higher in preeclampsia cases [mean+/-SD of 4.30+/-2.49 microg/dl, 4.16+/-2.73 and 46.87+/-15.03 microg/l, respectively] than in controls [3.52+/-2.09 microg/dl, 3.17+/-2.68 and 40.32+/-15.19 microg/l, respectively] (P<0.05). The logistic regression analysis revealed that one unit increase in the common logarithms of UCB concentration of Pb, Sb or Mn led to increase in the risk of preeclampsia several-fold; unit risks (95% CI) were 12.96 (1.57-107.03), 6.11 (1.11-33.53) and 34.2 (1.81-648.04) for Pb, Sb and Mn, respectively (P<0.05). These findings suggest that environmental exposure to Pb, Sb and Mn may increase the risk of preeclampsia in women without occupational exposure; levels of metals in UCB to be sensitive indicators of female reproductive toxicity as compared with those in mother MWB. Further studies are necessary to confirm these findings, especially on Sb and Mn.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Vigeh
- Department of Public Health, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Hongo Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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Vigeh M, Yokoyama K, Mazaheri M, Beheshti S, Ghazizadeh S, Sakai T, Morita Y, Kitamura F, Araki S. Relationship between increased blood lead and pregnancy hypertension in women without occupational lead exposure in Tehran, Iran. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005; 59:70-5. [PMID: 16075900 DOI: 10.3200/aeoh.59.2.70-75] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
This study was conducted to assess the relationship between blood lead levels and pregnancy-induced hypertension. Participants were 110 pregnant women, of whom 55 were hypertensive, 27 +/- 5.6 yr of age (mean +/- standard deviation) (range = 17-40 yr); the other 55 women were age- and gravidity-matched normotensive controls. Participants were selected on the basis of their medical history and the results of a questionnaire-based interview. Subjects were at gestational ages 37 +/- 2.5 wk (range = 30-41 wk) and were not occupationally exposed to lead. Blood samples were collected within 24 hr after delivery, and blood lead levels were measured. For the hypertensive cases, blood lead levels were 5.7 +/- 2 microg/dl (range = 2.2-12.6 microg/dl [0.27 +/- 0.10 micromol/l; range = 0.11-0.60 micromol/l]), which were significantly higher than those of the control group (i.e., 4.8 +/- 1.9 microg/dl; range = 1.9-10.6 microg/dl [0.23 +/- 0.09 micromol/l; range = 0.09-0.51 micromol/l]). There were no significant differences in blood lead concentrations among hypertensive subjects with proteinuria (n = 30) and those without proteinuria (n = 25). Results of this study indicated that low-level lead exposure may be a risk factor for pregnancy hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Vigeh
- Department of Public Health, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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