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Kübert A, Kuester E, Götz M, Dubbert D, Eiblmeier M, Werner C, Rothfuss Y, Dubbert M. Combined experimental drought and nitrogen loading: the role of species-dependent leaf level control of carbon and water exchange in a temperate grassland. Plant Biol (Stuttg) 2021; 23:427-437. [PMID: 33338294 DOI: 10.1111/plb.13230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen (N) loading and extreme drought strongly alter biomass production, species composition and carbon and water fluxes of temperate grasslands. Such changes at the community level are often attributed to species- and functional group-specific responses in phenology and/or physiology. In a multifactorial field experiment, we studied the responses of three abundant grassland species (forb Centaurea jacea, grasses Arrhenatherum elatius and Dactylis glomerata) to N loading and extreme drought, focusing on responses of carbon and water relations at the leaf level. We analysed (1) changes in bulk leaf N (uptake efficiency of additional N), (2) adaptation of plant water status (leaf water potential) and (3) impact on leaf carbon and water fluxes. We observed more efficient N utilization in the two grasses compared to C. jacea. Naturally occurring summer drought significantly impacted the plant water status of all species, while extreme drought treatment only further affected water status during and after summer drought. C. jacea was able to maintain much lower leaf water potentials compared to the grasses during drought. Despite these clear species-specific responses to N loading and drought, the species were able to maintain homeostasis of leaf carbon and water fluxes. Thus, strong declines in the (community) carbon sequestration observed at this site during the (natural) summer drought were not related to leaf physiological responses in assimilation, but were driven by phenological adaptions of the species community: the drought-sensitive grasses, even though exhibiting higher N uptake efficiency, responded with a shortened life cycle to severe summer drought.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Kübert
- Ecosystem Physiology, University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - E Kuester
- Ecosystem Physiology, University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - M Götz
- Ecosystem Physiology, University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - D Dubbert
- Landscape Ecohydrology, Leibniz-Institut für Gewässerökologie und Binnenfischerei (IGB), Berlin, Germany
| | - M Eiblmeier
- Ecosystem Physiology, University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - C Werner
- Ecosystem Physiology, University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Y Rothfuss
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, Agrosphere Institute (IBG-3), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - M Dubbert
- Ecosystem Physiology, University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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Arab L, Seegmueller S, Dannenmann M, Eiblmeier M, Albasher G, Alfarraj S, Rennenberg H. Foliar traits of sessile oak (Quercus petraea Liebl) seedlings are largely determined by site properties rather than seed origin. Tree Physiol 2020; 40:1648-1667. [PMID: 32705139 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpaa094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Due to climate change, sessile oak (Quercus petraea) seedlings experience an increasing risk of drought during regeneration of forest stands by management practices. The present study was aimed at elucidating the potential of sessile oak seedlings originating from sites with different aridity and nitrogen (N) supply to acclimate to contrasting water availability. For this purpose, a free-air cross-exchange experiment was conducted between a dry and a humid forest stand with high and low soil N contents, respectively, during two consecutive years differing in aridity before harvest. Almost all structural and physiological foliar traits analyzed did not differ consistently between seed origins during both years, when cultivated at the same site. As an exception, the arid provenance upregulated foliar ascorbate contents under drought, whereas the humid provenance accumulated the phenolic antioxidants vescalagin and castalagin (VC) under favorable weather conditions and consumed VC upon drought. Apparently, differences in long-term aridity at the forest sites resulted in only few genetically fixed differences in foliar traits between the provenances. However, structural and physiological traits strongly responded to soil N contents and weather conditions before harvest. Foliar N contents and their partitioning were mostly determined by the differences in soil N availability at the sites, but still were modulated by weather conditions before harvest. In the first year, differences in aridity before harvest resulted in differences between most foliar traits. In the second year, when weather conditions at both sites were considerably similar and more arid compared to the first year, differences in foliar traits were almost negligible. This pattern was observed irrespective of seed origin. These results support the view that leaves of sessile oak seedlings generally possess a high plasticity to cope with extreme differences in aridity by immediate acclimation responses that are even better developed in plants of arid origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Arab
- Chair of Tree Physiology, Institute of Forest Sciences, University of Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 53/54, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Seegmueller
- Zentralstelle der Forstverwaltung, Forschungsanstalt für Waldökologie und Forstwirtschaft, Hauptstraße 16, 67705 Trippstadt, Germany
| | - Michael Dannenmann
- Institute for Meteorology and Climate Research, Atmospheric Environmental Research (IMK-IFU), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Kreuzeckbahnstrasse 19, Garmisch-Partenkirchen 82467, Germany
| | - Monika Eiblmeier
- Chair of Tree Physiology, Institute of Forest Sciences, University of Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 53/54, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ghada Albasher
- King Saud University, PO Box 2454, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saleh Alfarraj
- King Saud University, PO Box 2454, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Heinz Rennenberg
- Chair of Tree Physiology, Institute of Forest Sciences, University of Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 53/54, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
- King Saud University, PO Box 2454, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
- Center of Molecular Ecophysiology (CMEP), College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University No. 2, Tiansheng Road, Beibei District, 400715 Chongqing, P.R. China
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Arab L, Seegmueller S, Kreuzwieser J, Eiblmeier M, Rennenberg H. Atmospheric pCO 2 impacts leaf structural and physiological traits in Quercus petraea seedlings. Planta 2019; 249:481-495. [PMID: 30259170 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-018-3016-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Atmospheric p CO 2 impacts Quercus petraea biomass production and cell wall composition of the leaves in favor of cellulose at the expense of lignin, and enhances foliar non-structural carbohydrate levels and sucrose contents in a pCO 2 concentration-dependent manner. Sessile oak (Quercus petraea Liebl.) was grown for ca. half a year from seeds at ambient control (525 ppm), 750, 900, and 1000 ppm atmospheric pCO2 under controlled conditions. Increasing pCO2 enhanced biomass production, modified the cell wall composition of the leaves in favor of cellulose at the expense of lignin, and enhanced the foliar non-structural carbohydrate level, in particular the sucrose content; as well as total N content of leaves by increased levels of all major N fractions, i.e., soluble proteins, total amino acids, and structural N. The enhanced total amino acid level was largely due to 2-ketoglutarate and oxalo acetate-derived compounds. Increasing pCO2 alleviated oxidative stress in the leaves as indicated by reduced H2O2 contents. High in vitro glutathione reductase activity at reduced H2O2 contents suggests enhanced ROS scavenging, but increased lipid peroxidation may also have contributed, as indicated by a negative correlation between malone dialdehyde and H2O2 contents. Almost all these effects were at least partially reversed, when pCO2 exceeded 750 or 900 ppm. Apparently, the interaction of atmospheric pCO2 with leaf structural and physiological traits of Q. petraea seedlings is characterized by a dynamic response depending on the pCO2 level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Arab
- Chair of Tree Physiology, Institute of Forest Sciences, University of Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 53/54, 79110, Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Stefan Seegmueller
- Forschungsanstalt für Waldökologie und Forstwirtschaft, Hauptstraße 16, 67705, Trippstadt, Germany
| | - Jürgen Kreuzwieser
- Chair of Tree Physiology, Institute of Forest Sciences, University of Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 53/54, 79110, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Monika Eiblmeier
- Chair of Tree Physiology, Institute of Forest Sciences, University of Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 53/54, 79110, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Heinz Rennenberg
- Chair of Tree Physiology, Institute of Forest Sciences, University of Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 53/54, 79110, Freiburg, Germany
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Hu B, Sakakibara H, Kojima M, Takebayashi Y, Bußkamp J, Langer GJ, Peters FS, Schumacher J, Eiblmeier M, Kreuzwieser J, Rennenberg H. Consequences of Sphaeropsis tip blight disease for the phytohormone profile and antioxidative metabolism of its pine host. Plant Cell Environ 2018; 41:737-754. [PMID: 29240991 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2017] [Revised: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 12/03/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Phytopathogenic fungi infections induce plant defence responses that mediate changes in metabolic and signalling processes with severe consequences for plant growth and development. Sphaeropsis tip blight, induced by the endophytic fungus Sphaeropsis sapinea that spreads from stem tissues to the needles, is the most widespread disease of conifer forests causing dramatic economic losses. However, metabolic consequences of this disease on bark and wood tissues of its host are largely unexplored. Here, we show that diseased host pines experience tissue dehydration in both bark and wood. Increased cytokinin and declined indole-3-acetic acid levels were observed in both tissues and increased jasmonic acid and abscisic acid levels exclusively in the wood. Increased lignin contents at the expense of holo-cellulose with declined structural biomass of the wood reflect cell wall fortification by S. sapinea infection. These changes are consistent with H2 O2 accumulation in the wood, required for lignin polymerization. Accumulation of H2 O2 was associated with more oxidized redox states of glutathione and ascorbate pools. These findings indicate that S. sapinea affects both phytohormone signalling and the antioxidative defence system in stem tissues of its pine host during the infection process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Hu
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, CN-712100, China
- Institute of Forest Sciences, Chair of Tree Physiology, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Freiburg, D-79110, Germany
| | - Hitoshi Sakakibara
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, 230-0045, Japan
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan
| | - Mikiko Kojima
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Yumiko Takebayashi
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Johanna Bußkamp
- Department of Forest Protection, Northwest German Forest Research Institute (NW-FVA), Göttingen, D-37079, Germany
| | - Gitta J Langer
- Department of Forest Protection, Northwest German Forest Research Institute (NW-FVA), Göttingen, D-37079, Germany
| | - Franziska S Peters
- Institute of Forest Sciences, Chair of Tree Physiology, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Freiburg, D-79110, Germany
- Department of Forest Protection, FVA Forest Research Institute of Baden-Württemberg (FVA-BW), Freiburg, D-79100, Germany
| | - Jörg Schumacher
- Department of Forest Protection, FVA Forest Research Institute of Baden-Württemberg (FVA-BW), Freiburg, D-79100, Germany
- Department of Forest Health and Risk Management, Eberswalde University for Sustainable Development (HNE Eberswalde), Eberswalde, D-16225, Germany
| | - Monika Eiblmeier
- Institute of Forest Sciences, Chair of Tree Physiology, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Freiburg, D-79110, Germany
| | - Jürgen Kreuzwieser
- Institute of Forest Sciences, Chair of Tree Physiology, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Freiburg, D-79110, Germany
| | - Heinz Rennenberg
- Institute of Forest Sciences, Chair of Tree Physiology, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Freiburg, D-79110, Germany
- College of Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
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Du B, Kreuzwieser J, Dannenmann M, Junker LV, Kleiber A, Hess M, Jansen K, Eiblmeier M, Gessler A, Kohnle U, Ensminger I, Rennenberg H, Wildhagen H. Foliar nitrogen metabolism of adult Douglas-fir trees is affected by soil water availability and varies little among provenances. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0194684. [PMID: 29566035 PMCID: PMC5864041 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0194684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 03/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The coniferous forest tree Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) is native to the pacific North America, and is increasingly planted in temperate regions worldwide. Nitrogen (N) metabolism is of great importance for growth, resistance and resilience of trees. In the present study, foliar N metabolism of adult trees of three coastal and one interior provenance of Douglas-fir grown at two common gardens in southwestern Germany (Wiesloch, W; Schluchsee, S) were characterized in two subsequent years. Both the native North American habitats of the seed sources and the common garden sites in Germany differ in climate conditions. Total and mineral soil N as well as soil water content were higher in S compared to W. We hypothesized that i) provenances differ constitutively in N pool sizes and composition, ii) N pools are affected by environmental conditions, and iii) that effects of environmental factors on N pools differ among interior and coastal provenances. Soil water content strongly affected the concentrations of total N, soluble protein, total amino acids (TAA), arginine and glutamate. Foliar concentrations of total N, soluble protein, structural N and TAA of trees grown at W were much higher than in trees at S. Provenance effects were small but significant for total N and soluble protein content (interior provenance showed lowest concentrations), as well as arginine, asparagine and glutamate. Our data suggest that needle N status of adult Douglas-fir is independent from soil N availability and that low soil water availability induces a re-allocation of N from structural N to metabolic N pools. Small provenance effects on N pools suggest that local adaptation of Douglas-fir is not dominated by N conditions at the native habitats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baoguo Du
- College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Mianyang Normal University, Mianyang, China
- Chair of Tree Physiology, Institute of Forest Sciences, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jürgen Kreuzwieser
- Chair of Tree Physiology, Institute of Forest Sciences, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Michael Dannenmann
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Campus Alpin, Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research (IMK), Atmospheric Environmental Research (IMK-IFU), Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany
| | - Laura Verena Junker
- Department of Biology, Graduate Programs in Cell & Systems Biology and Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada
- Forest Research Institute Baden-Württemberg (FVA), Freiburg, Germany
| | - Anita Kleiber
- Chair of Tree Physiology, Institute of Forest Sciences, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Moritz Hess
- Department of Biology, Graduate Programs in Cell & Systems Biology and Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada
- Forest Research Institute Baden-Württemberg (FVA), Freiburg, Germany
- Institute of Medical Biometry, Epidemiology and Informatics (IMBEI), University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Kirstin Jansen
- Institute for Landscape Biogeochemistry, Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Müncheberg, Germany
- Institute of Ecology, Leuphana University of Lüneburg, Lüneburg, Germany
| | - Monika Eiblmeier
- Chair of Tree Physiology, Institute of Forest Sciences, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Arthur Gessler
- Institute for Landscape Biogeochemistry, Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Müncheberg, Germany
- Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), Berlin, Germany
- Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Ulrich Kohnle
- Forest Research Institute Baden-Württemberg (FVA), Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ingo Ensminger
- Department of Biology, Graduate Programs in Cell & Systems Biology and Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada
- Forest Research Institute Baden-Württemberg (FVA), Freiburg, Germany
| | - Heinz Rennenberg
- Chair of Tree Physiology, Institute of Forest Sciences, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Henning Wildhagen
- Forest Research Institute Baden-Württemberg (FVA), Freiburg, Germany
- * E-mail:
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Hu B, Sakakibara H, Takebayashi Y, Peters FS, Schumacher J, Eiblmeier M, Arab L, Kreuzwieser J, Polle A, Rennenberg H. Mistletoe infestation mediates alteration of the phytohormone profile and anti-oxidative metabolism in bark and wood of its host Pinus sylvestris. Tree Physiol 2017; 37:676-691. [PMID: 28338758 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpx006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2016] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
European mistletoe (Viscum album L.) has largely infested Central European forests and causes high mortality probability particularly in dry years. However, little information is available about the consequences of mistletoe infestation for metabolic processes in bark and wood of its host, despite their important roles in infestation defense. We analyzed the tissue hydration, carbohydrate composition, phytohormone profile, reactive oxygen species and anti-oxidant levels in bark and wood of Scots pines (Pinus sylvestris L.), as dependent on mistletoe infestation. As a consequence of mistletoe infestation, host bark and wood showed impaired hydration and reduced total carbon content. In the bark, soluble sugar and lignin contents increased, apparently at the expense of holo-cellulose. Hydrogen peroxide accumulation was accompanied by increased glutathione and decreased reduced ascorbic acid levels. Mistletoe infestation mediated alteration of the phytohormone profile in bark and wood of its host. Cytokinins, jasmonic acid and abscisic acid levels increased in both tissues, whereas salicylic acid and indole-3-acetic acid, which were only detected in the bark, declined. The present results show that mistletoe infestation affects both the host's anti-oxidative defense system and the phytohormone profile after establishment of the xylem tapping haustorium. The significance of these processes for the development of the woody mistletoe stem and the haustorium is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Hu
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, 3 Taicheng Road, 712100 Yangling, China
- Institute of Forest Sciences, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Georges-Koehler-Allee 53/54, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Hitoshi Sakakibara
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Tsurumi, 230-0045 Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yumiko Takebayashi
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Tsurumi, 230-0045 Yokohama, Japan
| | - Franziska S Peters
- Department of Forest Protection, FVA Forest Research Institute of Baden-Württemberg (FVA-BW), Wonnhaldestr. 4, 79100 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jörg Schumacher
- Department of Forest Protection, FVA Forest Research Institute of Baden-Württemberg (FVA-BW), Wonnhaldestr. 4, 79100 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Monika Eiblmeier
- Institute of Forest Sciences, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Georges-Koehler-Allee 53/54, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Leila Arab
- Institute of Forest Sciences, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Georges-Koehler-Allee 53/54, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jürgen Kreuzwieser
- Institute of Forest Sciences, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Georges-Koehler-Allee 53/54, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Andrea Polle
- Forest Botany and Tree Physiology, Georg-August Universität Göttingen, Büsgenweg 2, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Heinz Rennenberg
- Institute of Forest Sciences, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Georges-Koehler-Allee 53/54, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
- College of Sciences, King Saud University, 11451 Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Du B, Jansen K, Kleiber A, Eiblmeier M, Kammerer B, Ensminger I, Gessler A, Rennenberg H, Kreuzwieser J. A coastal and an interior Douglas fir provenance exhibit different metabolic strategies to deal with drought stress. Tree Physiol 2016; 36:148-63. [PMID: 26491053 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpv105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2015] [Accepted: 09/04/2015] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Drought is a major environmental stress affecting growth and vitality of forest ecosystems. In the present study, foliar nitrogen (N) and carbon (C) metabolism of two Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) provenances with assumed different drought tolerance were investigated. We worked with 1-year-old seedlings of the interior provenance Fehr Lake (FEHR) originating from a dry environment and the coastal provenance Snoqualmie (SNO) from a more humid origin. Total C and N, structural N and the concentrations of soluble protein, total amino acids (TAAs) and individual amino acids as well as the relative abundance of polar, low-molecular-weight metabolites including antioxidants were determined in current-year needles exposed either to 42 days of drought or to 42 days drought plus 14 days of rewatering. The seedlings reacted in a provenance-specific manner to drought stress. Coastal provenance SNO showed considerably increased contents of TAAs, which were caused by increased abundance of the quantitatively most important amino acids arginine, ornithine and lysine. Additionally, the polyamine putrescine accumulated exclusively in drought-stressed trees of this provenance. In contrast, the interior provenance FEHR showed the opposite response, i.e., drastically reduced concentrations of these amino acids. However, FEHR showed considerably increased contents of pyruvate-derived and aromatic amino acids, and also higher drought-induced levels of the antioxidants ascorbate and α-tocopherol. In response to drought, both provenances produced large amounts of carbohydrates, such as glucose and fructose, most likely as osmolytes that can readily be metabolized for protection against osmotic stress. We conclude that FEHR and SNO cope with drought stress in a provenance-specific manner: the coastal provenance SNO was mainly synthesizing N-based osmolytes, a reaction not observed in the interior provenance FEHR; instead, the latter increased the levels of scavengers of reactive oxygen species. Our results underline the importance of provenance-specific reactions to abiotic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baoguo Du
- Key Laboratory for Ecological Security and Protection of Sichuan Province, Mianyang Normal University, Mianxing Road West 166, 621000 Mianyang, China Chair of Tree Physiology, Institute of Forest Sciences, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 53, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Kirstin Jansen
- Institute for Landscape Biogeochemistry, Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Eberswalderstr. 84, 15374 Müncheberg, Germany
| | - Anita Kleiber
- Chair of Tree Physiology, Institute of Forest Sciences, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 53, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Monika Eiblmeier
- Chair of Tree Physiology, Institute of Forest Sciences, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 53, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Bernd Kammerer
- Core Facility Metabolomics, Center for Biological Systems Analysis (ZBSA), Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Habsburgerstr. 49, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ingo Ensminger
- Department of Biology, Graduate Programs in Cell and Systems Biology and Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, 3359 Mississauga Road, Mississauga, ON, Canada L5L 1C6 Forstliche Versuchs- und Forschungsanstalt Baden-Württemberg, Wonnhaldestr. 4, 79100 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Arthur Gessler
- Institute for Landscape Biogeochemistry, Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Eberswalderstr. 84, 15374 Müncheberg, Germany Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), 14195 Berlin, Germany Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research (WSL), 8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Heinz Rennenberg
- Chair of Tree Physiology, Institute of Forest Sciences, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 53, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jürgen Kreuzwieser
- Chair of Tree Physiology, Institute of Forest Sciences, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 53, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
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Du B, Jansen K, Junker LV, Eiblmeier M, Kreuzwieser J, Gessler A, Ensminger I, Rennenberg H. Elevated temperature differently affects foliar nitrogen partitioning in seedlings of diverse Douglas fir provenances. Tree Physiol 2014; 34:1090-1101. [PMID: 25240727 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpu074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Global climate change causes an increase in ambient air temperature, a major environmental factor influencing plant physiology and growth that already has been perceived at the regional scale and is expected to become even more severe in the future. In the present study, we investigated the effect of elevated ambient air temperature on the nitrogen metabolism of two interior provenances of Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii var. glauca) originating from contrasting habitats, namely the provenances Monte Creek (MC) from a drier environment and Pend Oreille (PO) from a more humid environment. Three- to four-year-old seedlings of the two provenances were grown for 3 months in controlled environments under either control temperature (day 20 °C, night 15 °C) or high temperature (HT, 30/25 °C) conditions. Total nitrogen (N), soluble protein, chlorophyll and total amino acid (TAA) contents as well as individual amino acid concentrations were determined in both current-year and previous-year needles. Our results show that the foliar total N contents of the two provenances were unaffected by HT. Arginine, lysine, proline, glutamate and glutamine were the most abundant amino acids, which together contributed ∼88% to the TAA pool of current- and previous-year needles. High temperature decreased the contents of most amino acids of the glutamate family (i.e., arginine, proline, ornithine and glutamine) in current-year needles. However, HT did not affect the concentrations of metabolites related to the photorespiratory pathway, such as [Formula: see text], glycine and serine. In general, current-year needles were considerably more sensitive to HT than previous-year needles. Moreover, provenance PO originating from a mesic environment showed stronger responses to HT than provenance MC. Our results indicate provenance-specific plasticity in the response of Douglas fir to growth temperature. Provenance-specific effects of elevated temperature on N-use efficiency suggest that origin might determine the sensitivity and growth potential of Douglas fir trees in a future warmer climate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baoguo Du
- Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Institut für Forstwissenschaften, Georges-Köhler-Allee Geb. 053/054, Freiburg i. Br. D-79110, Germany Sichuan Province Key Laboratory of Ecological Security and Protection, Mianyang Normal University, Xianren Road 30, Mianyang 621000, China
| | - Kirstin Jansen
- Institute for Landscape Biogeochemistry, Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Eberswalderstr. 84, Müncheberg 15374, Germany
| | - Laura Verena Junker
- Forstliche Versuchs- und Forschungsanstalt Baden-Württemberg, Wonnhaldestr. 4, Freiburg 79100, Germany Department of Biology, Graduate Program in Cell & Systems Biology, University of Toronto Mississauga, 3359 Mississauga Road, Mississauga, ON, Canada
| | - Monika Eiblmeier
- Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Institut für Forstwissenschaften, Georges-Köhler-Allee Geb. 053/054, Freiburg i. Br. D-79110, Germany
| | - Jürgen Kreuzwieser
- Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Institut für Forstwissenschaften, Georges-Köhler-Allee Geb. 053/054, Freiburg i. Br. D-79110, Germany
| | - Arthur Gessler
- Institute for Landscape Biogeochemistry, Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Eberswalderstr. 84, Müncheberg 15374, Germany Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Zürcherstr. 111, Birmensdorf 8903, Switzerland Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), Berlin 14195, Germany
| | - Ingo Ensminger
- Forstliche Versuchs- und Forschungsanstalt Baden-Württemberg, Wonnhaldestr. 4, Freiburg 79100, Germany Department of Biology, Graduate Program in Cell & Systems Biology, University of Toronto Mississauga, 3359 Mississauga Road, Mississauga, ON, Canada
| | - Heinz Rennenberg
- Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Institut für Forstwissenschaften, Georges-Köhler-Allee Geb. 053/054, Freiburg i. Br. D-79110, Germany
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Yu X, Pasternak T, Eiblmeier M, Ditengou F, Kochersperger P, Sun J, Wang H, Rennenberg H, Teale W, Paponov I, Zhou W, Li C, Li X, Palme K. Plastid-localized glutathione reductase2-regulated glutathione redox status is essential for Arabidopsis root apical meristem maintenance. Plant Cell 2013; 25:4451-68. [PMID: 24249834 PMCID: PMC3875729 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.113.117028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Glutathione is involved in thiol redox signaling and acts as a major redox buffer against reactive oxygen species, helping to maintain a reducing environment in vivo. Glutathione reductase (GR) catalyzes the reduction of glutathione disulfide (GSSG) into reduced glutathione (GSH). The Arabidopsis thaliana genome encodes two GRs: GR1 and GR2. Whereas the cytosolic/peroxisomal GR1 is not crucial for plant development, we show here that the plastid-localized GR2 is essential for root growth and root apical meristem (RAM) maintenance. We identify a GR2 mutant, miao, that displays strong inhibition of root growth and severe defects in the RAM, with GR activity being reduced to ∼50%. miao accumulates high levels of GSSG and exhibits increased glutathione oxidation. The exogenous application of GSH or the thiol-reducing agent DTT can rescue the root phenotype of miao, demonstrating that the RAM defects in miao are triggered by glutathione oxidation. Our in silico analysis of public microarray data shows that auxin and glutathione redox signaling generally act independently at the transcriptional level. We propose that glutathione redox status is essential for RAM maintenance through both auxin/PLETHORA (PLT)-dependent and auxin/PLT-independent redox signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Yu
- Institute of Biology II/Molecular Plant Physiology, Faculty of Biology, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Centre for Biological Systems Analysis, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Freiburg Institute for Advanced Sciences, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Freiburg Initiative for Systems Biology, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Chinese-German Joint Group for Plant Hormone Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Taras Pasternak
- Institute of Biology II/Molecular Plant Physiology, Faculty of Biology, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Centre for Biological Systems Analysis, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Freiburg Initiative for Systems Biology, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Monika Eiblmeier
- Institute of Forest Sciences, Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, University of Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 53/54, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Franck Ditengou
- Institute of Biology II/Molecular Plant Physiology, Faculty of Biology, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Centre for Biological Systems Analysis, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Freiburg Initiative for Systems Biology, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Philip Kochersperger
- Institute of Biology II/Molecular Plant Physiology, Faculty of Biology, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jiaqiang Sun
- Chinese-German Joint Group for Plant Hormone Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, National Centre for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Institute of Biology II/Molecular Plant Physiology, Faculty of Biology, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Centre for Biological Systems Analysis, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Freiburg Initiative for Systems Biology, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Chinese-German Joint Group for Plant Hormone Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Heinz Rennenberg
- Centre for Biological Systems Analysis, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Institute of Forest Sciences, Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, University of Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 53/54, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
| | - William Teale
- Institute of Biology II/Molecular Plant Physiology, Faculty of Biology, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Centre for Biological Systems Analysis, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Freiburg Initiative for Systems Biology, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ivan Paponov
- Institute of Biology II/Molecular Plant Physiology, Faculty of Biology, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Centre for Biological Systems Analysis, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Freiburg Initiative for Systems Biology, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Wenkun Zhou
- Chinese-German Joint Group for Plant Hormone Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, National Centre for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Chuanyou Li
- Chinese-German Joint Group for Plant Hormone Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, National Centre for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Xugang Li
- Institute of Biology II/Molecular Plant Physiology, Faculty of Biology, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Centre for Biological Systems Analysis, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Freiburg Institute for Advanced Sciences, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Freiburg Initiative for Systems Biology, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Chinese-German Joint Group for Plant Hormone Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- Address correspondence to
| | - Klaus Palme
- Institute of Biology II/Molecular Plant Physiology, Faculty of Biology, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Centre for Biological Systems Analysis, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Freiburg Institute for Advanced Sciences, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Freiburg Initiative for Systems Biology, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Chinese-German Joint Group for Plant Hormone Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- Centre for Biological Signaling Studies, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany
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Liu XP, Gong CM, Fan YY, Eiblmeier M, Zhao Z, Han G, Rennenberg H. Response pattern of amino compounds in phloem and xylem of trees to soil drought depends on drought intensity and root symbiosis. Plant Biol (Stuttg) 2013; 15 Suppl 1:101-108. [PMID: 22845058 DOI: 10.1111/j.1438-8677.2012.00647.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to identify drought-mediated differences in amino nitrogen (N) composition and content of xylem and phloem in trees having different symbiotic N(2)-fixing bacteria. Under controlled water availability, 1-year-old seedlings of Robinia pseudoacacia (nodules with Rhizobium), Hippophae rhamnoides (symbiosis with Frankia) and Buddleja alternifolia (no such root symbiosis) were exposed to control, medium drought and severe drought, corresponding soil water content of 70-75%, 45-50% and 30-35% of field capacity, respectively. Composition and content of amino compounds in xylem sap and phloem exudates were analysed as a measure of N nutrition. Drought strongly reduced biomass accumulation in all species, but amino N content in xylem and phloem remained unaffected only in R. pseudoacacia. In H. rhamnoides and B. alternifolia, amino N in phloem remained constant, but increased in xylem of both species in response to drought. There were differences in composition of amino compounds in xylem and phloem of the three species in response to drought. Proline concentrations in long-distance transport pathways of all three species were very low, below the limit of detection in phloem of H. rhamnoides and in phloem and xylem of B. alternifolia. Apparently, drought-mediated changes in N composition were much more connected with species-specific changes in C:N ratios. Irrespective of soil water content, the two species with root symbioses did not show similar features for the different types of symbiosis, neither in N composition nor in N content. There was no immediate correlation between symbiotic N fixation and drought-mediated changes in amino N in the transport pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- X-P Liu
- Department of Plant Physiology, College of Life Science, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.
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Randewig D, Hamisch D, Herschbach C, Eiblmeier M, Gehl C, Jurgeleit J, Skerra J, Mendel RR, Rennenberg H, Hänsch R. Sulfite oxidase controls sulfur metabolism under SO2 exposure in Arabidopsis thaliana. Plant Cell Environ 2012; 35:100-15. [PMID: 21895698 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3040.2011.02420.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, the significance of sulfite oxidase (SO) for sulfite detoxification and sulfur assimilation was investigated. In response to sulfur dioxide (SO(2)) exposure, a remarkable expansion of sulfate and a significant increase of GSH pool were observed in wild-type and SO-overexpressing Arabidopsis. These metabolic changes were connected with a negative feedback inhibition of adenosine 5'-phosphosulfate reductase (APR), but no alterations in gas exchange parameters or visible symptoms of injury. However, Arabidopsis SO-KO mutants were consistently negatively affected upon 600 nL L(-1) SO(2) exposure for 60 h and showed phenotypical symptoms of injury with small necrotic spots on the leaves. The mean g(H2O) was reduced by about 60% over the fumigation period, accompanied by a reduction of net CO(2) assimilation and SO(2) uptake of about 50 and 35%. Moreover, sulfur metabolism was completely distorted. Whereas sulfate pool was kept constant, thiol-levels strongly increased. This demonstrates that SO should be the only protagonist for back-oxidizing and detoxification of sulfite. Based on these results, it is suggested that co-regulation of SO and APR controls sulfate assimilation pathway and stabilizes sulfite distribution into organic sulfur compounds. In conclusion, a sulfate-sulfite cycle driven by APR and SO can be postulated for fine-tuning of sulfur distribution that is additionally used for sulfite detoxification, when plants are exposed to atmospheric SO(2).
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Affiliation(s)
- Dörte Randewig
- Institut für Forstbotanik und Baumphysiologie, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Georges-Köhler Allee 53/54, D-79085 Freiburg, Germany
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Herschbach C, Teuber M, Eiblmeier M, Ehlting B, Ache P, Polle A, Schnitzler JP, Rennenberg H. Changes in sulphur metabolism of grey poplar (Populus x canescens) leaves during salt stress: a metabolic link to photorespiration. Tree Physiol 2010; 30:1161-1173. [PMID: 20516486 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpq041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The poplar hybrid Populus x canescens (syn. Populus tremula x Populus alba) was subjected to salt stress by applying 75 mM NaCl for 2 weeks in hydroponic cultures. Decreasing maximum quantum yield (Fv/Fm) indicated damage of photosystem II (PS II), which was more pronounced under nitrate compared with ammonium nutrition. In vivo staining with diaminobenzidine showed no accumulation of H(2)O(2) in the leaf lamina; moreover, staining intensity even decreased. But at the leaf margins, development of necrotic tissue was associated with a strong accumulation of H(2)O(2). Glutathione (GSH) contents increased in response to NaCl stress in leaves but not in roots, the primary site of salt exposure. The increasing leaf GSH concentrations correlated with stress-induced decreases in transpiration and net CO(2) assimilation rates at light saturation. Enhanced rates of photorespiration could also be involved in preventing reactive oxygen species formation in chloroplasts and, thus, in protecting PS II from damage. Accumulation of Gly and Ser in leaves indeed indicates increasing rates of photorespiration. Since Ser and Gly are both immediate precursors of GSH that can limit GSH synthesis, it is concluded that the salt-induced accumulation of leaf GSH results from enhanced photorespiration and is thus probably restricted to the cytosol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cornelia Herschbach
- Institut für Forstbotanik und Baumphysiologie, Professur für Baumphysiologie, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Georges-Koehler-Allee 053/054, 79110 Freiburg, Germany.
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Mayrhofer S, Heizmann U, Magel E, Eiblmeier M, Müller A, Rennenberg H, Hampp R, Schnitzler JP, Kreuzwieser J. Carbon balance in leaves of young poplar trees. Plant Biol (Stuttg) 2004; 6:730-739. [PMID: 15570479 DOI: 10.1055/s-2004-821268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, important components of carbon metabolism of mature leaves of young poplar trees (Populus x canescens) were determined. Carbohydrate concentrations in leaves and xylem sap were quantified at five different times during the day and compared with photosynthetic gas exchange measurements (net assimilation, transpiration and rates of isoprene emission). Continuously measured xylem sap flow rates, with a time resolution of 15 min, were used to calculate diurnal balances of carbon metabolism of whole mature poplar leaves on different days. Loss of photosynthetically fixed carbon by isoprene emission and dark respiration amounted to 1% and 20%. The most abundant soluble carbohydrates in leaves and xylem sap were glucose, fructose and sucrose, with amounts of approx. 2 to 12 mmol m(-2) leaf area in leaves and about 0.2 to 15 mM in xylem sap. Clear diurnal patterns of carbohydrate concentration in xylem sap and leaves, however, were not observed. Calculations of the carbon transport rates in the xylem to the leaves were based on carbohydrate concentrations in xylem sap and xylem sap flow rates. This carbon delivery amounted to about 3 micromol C m(-2) s(-1) during the day and approx. 1 micromol C m(-2) s(-1) at night. The data demonstrated that between 9 and 28 % of total carbon delivered to poplar leaves during 24 h resulted from xylem transport and, hence, provide a strong indication for a significant rate of carbon cycling within young trees.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Mayrhofer
- Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe GmbH, Institut für Meteorologie und Klimaforschung, Atmosphärische Umweltforschung (IMK-IFU), Kreuzeckbahnstrasse 19, 82467 Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany
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Escher P, Eiblmeier M, Rennenberg H. Differences in the influx of glutamine and nitrate into Viscum album from the xylem sap of its hosts. Plant Physiol Biochem 2004; 42:739-44. [PMID: 15474380 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2004.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2004] [Accepted: 07/27/2004] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
The flux of inorganic and organic nitrogen into the mistletoe Viscum album L. from the xylem sap of a deciduous (Populus x euamericana) and a coniferous host (Abies alba Mill.) was analyzed. For this purpose, a perfusion system was developed in which the xylem sap of the host was replaced by an artificial perfusion solution. With this system flux rates into the mistletoe were determined in feeding experiments either with the organic nitrogen source [1,2-13C2]glutamine at high and the inorganic nitrogen source 15NO3- at low concentration or vice versa. Glutamine influx was already saturated at the low concentration in the xylem sap and was--different from nitrate--not enhanced, when a 250-fold higher concentration was applied. Nitrate influx matched glutamine influx only at high inorganic/organic nitrogen ratios in the perfusion solution. This result indicates a preferential influx of glutamine over nitrate from the host xylem into the mistletoe at the concentrations found in the xylem sap of trees. Surprisingly, a high percentage of both N sources were accumulated in the mistletoe stem, indicating excessive N nutrition of the mistletoe leaves. Since 13C isotope signature was significantly reduced in the outflowing perfusion solution, either an upload of organic compounds from the phloem into the xylem, or an efflux of organic compounds from haustorium of mistletoe into the xylem has to be assumed. 15N isotope signatures enriched in the outflowing perfusion solution support the idea of a nitrate uptake system at the host xylem-haustorium interface, which favors the light N isotope of nitrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Escher
- Institute of Forest Botany and Tree Physiology, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 053/054, 79110 Freiburg i.B., Germany
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Escher P, Eiblmeier M, Hetzger I, Rennenberg H. Spatial and seasonal variation in amino compounds in the xylem sap of a mistletoe (Viscum album) and its hosts (Populus spp. and Abies alba). Tree Physiol 2004; 24:639-650. [PMID: 15059764 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/24.6.639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
In a field study, the composition and concentrations of amino compounds in the xylem sap of the mistletoe, Viscum album L., and in the xylem sap of two host species, an evergreen conifer (Abies alba Mill.) and a deciduous broad-leaved tree (Populus x euramericana), were analyzed. The xylem sap of both hosts and mistletoe contained large, but similar amounts of total organic nitrogen in low molecular weight amino compounds (TONLW). Nevertheless, individual amino compounds accumulated in the xylem sap of mistletoe relative to the host xylem sap, indicating selective uptake. In the xylem sap of Populus, major amino compounds (asparagine (Asn) and glutamine (Gln)) and the bulk parameters, TONLW and proteinogenic amino acids, showed significant seasonal variation. In Abies and in mistletoe on either host, variation of amino compounds in xylem sap was largely explained by inter-annual differences, not by seasonal variation. In both hosts, TONLW in the xylem sap was dominated by Gln. There was a steady decrease in relative abundance of Gln from the host xylem sap to the mistletoe xylem sap and to the stems and leaves of mistletoe. Simultaneously, the abundance of arginine (Arg) increased. Arginine was the predominant amino compound in the stems and leaves of mistletoe, occurring at concentrations previously observed only in leaves of trees exposed to excess nitrogen. We conclude that Gln (2 mol N mol(-1)) delivered by the host xylem sap is converted, in mistletoe, to Arg (4 mol N mol(-1)) and that the organic carbon liberated from Gln contributes significantly to the parasite's heterotrophic carbon gain. Statistical analyses of the data support this conclusion. Accumulation of Arg in mistletoe is an indication of excess N supply as a result of the uptake of amino compounds from the host xylem sap and a lack of phloem uploading.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Escher
- Institute of Forest Botany and Tree Physiology, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 053/054, D-79110 Freiburg i.B., Germany
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Escher P, Eiblmeier M, Hetzger I, Rennenberg H. Seasonal and spatial variation of carbohydrates in mistletoes (Viscum album) and the xylem sap of its hosts (Populus x euamericana and Abies alba). Physiol Plant 2004; 120:212-219. [PMID: 15032855 DOI: 10.1111/j.0031-9317.2004.0230.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
In the present field study we analysed the seasonal pattern of carbohydrate composition and contents in the xylem sap of Viscum album and the xylem sap of a deciduous (Populusxeuramericana) and a coniferous (Abies alba) host tree species. The results were compared with the soluble carbohydrate composition and contents of mistletoe tissues. On both hosts significant amounts of glucose, fructose, and sucrose were found in the xylem sap of Viscum throughout the seasons. The general seasonal pattern of sugar contents, i.e. high concentrations in spring and lower concentrations in other seasons on Populus, and intermediate concentrations throughout the year on Abies, largely reflected the xylem sap carbohydrate composition and contents of the respective host. These observations provide indirect evidence for carbohydrate flux from the xylem sap of the host into the mistletoe. However, in both hosts xylem sap seems to be deviated into the mistletoe without specific control of carbohydrate flux. Differences observed between the seasonal pattern of xylem sap carbohydrate concentrations in Viscum on Populus and Abies may originate from the different time of leaf development of these species. A clear-cut seasonal pattern of soluble carbohydrates was not observed in the leaves of Viscum on both hosts. Still soluble carbohydrates seem to be reallocated from the senescing to the newly developed leaves of Viscum indicating that the seasonal requirement of carbohydrate for growth and development can only completely be met by carbohydrate acquisition from the host and their own photosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Escher
- Institute of Forest Botany and Tree Physiology, Chair of Tree Physiology, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 053/054, D-79110 Freiburg i.B., Germany
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Escher P, Eiblmeier M, Hetzger I, Rennenberg H. Seasonal and spatial variation of carbohydrates in mistletoes (Viscum album) and the xylem sap of its hosts (Populus x euamericana and Abies alba). Physiol Plant 2004. [PMID: 15032855 DOI: 10.1034/j.1399-3054.2003.1170109.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
In the present field study we analysed the seasonal pattern of carbohydrate composition and contents in the xylem sap of Viscum album and the xylem sap of a deciduous (Populusxeuramericana) and a coniferous (Abies alba) host tree species. The results were compared with the soluble carbohydrate composition and contents of mistletoe tissues. On both hosts significant amounts of glucose, fructose, and sucrose were found in the xylem sap of Viscum throughout the seasons. The general seasonal pattern of sugar contents, i.e. high concentrations in spring and lower concentrations in other seasons on Populus, and intermediate concentrations throughout the year on Abies, largely reflected the xylem sap carbohydrate composition and contents of the respective host. These observations provide indirect evidence for carbohydrate flux from the xylem sap of the host into the mistletoe. However, in both hosts xylem sap seems to be deviated into the mistletoe without specific control of carbohydrate flux. Differences observed between the seasonal pattern of xylem sap carbohydrate concentrations in Viscum on Populus and Abies may originate from the different time of leaf development of these species. A clear-cut seasonal pattern of soluble carbohydrates was not observed in the leaves of Viscum on both hosts. Still soluble carbohydrates seem to be reallocated from the senescing to the newly developed leaves of Viscum indicating that the seasonal requirement of carbohydrate for growth and development can only completely be met by carbohydrate acquisition from the host and their own photosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Escher
- Institute of Forest Botany and Tree Physiology, Chair of Tree Physiology, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 053/054, D-79110 Freiburg i.B., Germany
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Schraml C, Herschbach C, Eiblmeier M, Rennenberg H. Consequences of elevated CO2, augmented nitrogen-deposition and soil type on the soluble nitrogen and sulphur in the phloem of beech (Fagus sylvatica) and spruce (Picea abies) in a competitive situation. Physiol Plant 2002; 115:258-266. [PMID: 12060244 DOI: 10.1034/j.1399-3054.2002.1150212.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Mixed spruce-beech plantations grown in large open-top chambers (OTC) were used to study consequences of elevated CO2, nitrogen-deposition and soil type on plant internal nitrogen and sulphur cycling of juvenile beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) and spruce (Picea abies Karst.) in a competitive situation. Processes of re-cycling as a consequence of protein turnover during leaf senescence in autumn were of further interest. For this purpose, phloem sap was collected in September 1998 and analysed for the composition and concentrations of organic and inorganic nitrogen and sulphur compounds. The phloem exudate of spruce showed higher total soluble non-protein nitrogen (TSNN) concentration on calcareous soil than on acidic soil, independent of the treatment. N-fertilization increased the N-concentration of phloem exudate significantly on both soil types, mainly by an increase of Arg and Gln concentrations. Elevated CO2 slightly increased TSNN on calcareous, but not on acidic soil. The combination of elevated CO2 and augmented N-deposition induced a further increase of TSNN on calcareous soil, but caused a lower N-effect on TSNN on acidic soil. Arg, the main TSNN component in phloem exudate, mediated this effect. Since Arg is considered to be a major nitrogen storage compound, it is concluded that in autumn elevated CO2 and augmented N-deposition, influence storage of N rather than N-supply of spruce. An effect of elevated CO2 and augmented N-deposition on GSH and sulphate concentrations in phloem exudate of spruce was not observed on acidic soil. On calcareous soil augmented N-deposition enhanced, elevated CO2 decreased phloem exudate GSH contents. In combination, elevated CO2 compensated the positive effect of N-deposition. The effects of elevated CO2 and augmented N-deposition on phloem sap N- and S-contents described above were not observed for beech trees. Apparently, elevated CO2 and augmented N-deposition did not affect plants internal S and N cycling of beech grown in spruce-beech plantations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Schraml
- Institute for Forest Botany and Tree Physiology; Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee Geb. 053/054, D-79085 Freiburg i. Br., Germany
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Baumbusch LO, Eiblmeier M, Schnitzler JP, Heller W, Sandermann H, Polle A. Interactive effects of ozone and low UV-B radiation on antioxidants in spruce (Picea abies) and pine (Pinus sylvestris) needles. Physiol Plant 1998; 104:248-254. [PMID: 28244603 DOI: 10.1034/j.1399-3054.1998.1040213.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
To study the role of low UV-B radiation in modulating the response of antioxidants to ozone, 4-year-old pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) and spruce (Picea abies L.) seedlings potted in natural soil, were exposed in phytochambers to fluctuating ozone concentrations between 9 and 113 nl 1-1 according to field data recorded at Mt Wank (1175 m above sea level, Bavaria, Germany) and two-times ambient O3 levels. UV-B radiation was either added at a biologically effective level of ca 1.2 kJ m-2 day-1 , which is close to that found in March at Mt Wank, or was excluded by filters (<0.08 kJ m-2 day-1 ). After one growth phase current-year needles were collected and analysed for antioxidative enzyme activities (superoxide dismutase, SOD, EC 1.15.1.1; catalase, CAT, EC 1.11.1.6; guaiacol peroxidase, POD, EC 1.11.1.7) and soluble antioxidants (ascorbate, glutathione). CAT, POD, ascorbate and glutathione, but not SOD, were increased in needles of both species in response to twice ambient O3 levels. UV-B radiation in the presence of ambient O3 caused an increase in total SOD activity in spruce but had no effects on antioxidants in pine. Twice ambient O3 levels together with low UV-B radiation counteracted the O3 -induced increases in ascorbate and CAT in pine but not in spruce. Under these conditions spruce needles showed the highest antioxidative protection and revealed no indication of lipid peroxidation. Pine needles exposed to UV-B and elevated O3 levels showed elevated lipid peroxidation and a 5-fold increase in dehydroascorbate, suggesting that this species was less protected and suffered higher oxidative stress than spruce.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars O Baumbusch
- L. O. Baumbusch and M. Eiblmeier, Albert-Ludwigs-Univ. Freiburg, Inst für Forstbotanik und Baumphysiologie, Am Flughafen 17, D-79085 Freiburg, Germany; J.-P. Schnitzler, Fraunhofer Inst für Atmosphärische Umweltforschung, Kreuzeckbahnstr. 19, D-82467 Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany; W. Heller and H. Sandermann, Jr, GSF-Forschungszentrum für Umwelt und Gesundheit, Inst für Biochemische Pflanzenpathologie, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, D-85758 Oberschleissheim, Germany; A. Polle (corresponding author, e-mail ), Forstbotanisches Inst, Univ. Göttingen, Büsgenweg 2, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Monika Eiblmeier
- L. O. Baumbusch and M. Eiblmeier, Albert-Ludwigs-Univ. Freiburg, Inst für Forstbotanik und Baumphysiologie, Am Flughafen 17, D-79085 Freiburg, Germany; J.-P. Schnitzler, Fraunhofer Inst für Atmosphärische Umweltforschung, Kreuzeckbahnstr. 19, D-82467 Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany; W. Heller and H. Sandermann, Jr, GSF-Forschungszentrum für Umwelt und Gesundheit, Inst für Biochemische Pflanzenpathologie, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, D-85758 Oberschleissheim, Germany; A. Polle (corresponding author, e-mail ), Forstbotanisches Inst, Univ. Göttingen, Büsgenweg 2, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Jörg-Peter Schnitzler
- L. O. Baumbusch and M. Eiblmeier, Albert-Ludwigs-Univ. Freiburg, Inst für Forstbotanik und Baumphysiologie, Am Flughafen 17, D-79085 Freiburg, Germany; J.-P. Schnitzler, Fraunhofer Inst für Atmosphärische Umweltforschung, Kreuzeckbahnstr. 19, D-82467 Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany; W. Heller and H. Sandermann, Jr, GSF-Forschungszentrum für Umwelt und Gesundheit, Inst für Biochemische Pflanzenpathologie, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, D-85758 Oberschleissheim, Germany; A. Polle (corresponding author, e-mail ), Forstbotanisches Inst, Univ. Göttingen, Büsgenweg 2, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Werner Heller
- L. O. Baumbusch and M. Eiblmeier, Albert-Ludwigs-Univ. Freiburg, Inst für Forstbotanik und Baumphysiologie, Am Flughafen 17, D-79085 Freiburg, Germany; J.-P. Schnitzler, Fraunhofer Inst für Atmosphärische Umweltforschung, Kreuzeckbahnstr. 19, D-82467 Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany; W. Heller and H. Sandermann, Jr, GSF-Forschungszentrum für Umwelt und Gesundheit, Inst für Biochemische Pflanzenpathologie, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, D-85758 Oberschleissheim, Germany; A. Polle (corresponding author, e-mail ), Forstbotanisches Inst, Univ. Göttingen, Büsgenweg 2, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Heinrich Sandermann
- L. O. Baumbusch and M. Eiblmeier, Albert-Ludwigs-Univ. Freiburg, Inst für Forstbotanik und Baumphysiologie, Am Flughafen 17, D-79085 Freiburg, Germany; J.-P. Schnitzler, Fraunhofer Inst für Atmosphärische Umweltforschung, Kreuzeckbahnstr. 19, D-82467 Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany; W. Heller and H. Sandermann, Jr, GSF-Forschungszentrum für Umwelt und Gesundheit, Inst für Biochemische Pflanzenpathologie, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, D-85758 Oberschleissheim, Germany; A. Polle (corresponding author, e-mail ), Forstbotanisches Inst, Univ. Göttingen, Büsgenweg 2, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Andrea Polle
- L. O. Baumbusch and M. Eiblmeier, Albert-Ludwigs-Univ. Freiburg, Inst für Forstbotanik und Baumphysiologie, Am Flughafen 17, D-79085 Freiburg, Germany; J.-P. Schnitzler, Fraunhofer Inst für Atmosphärische Umweltforschung, Kreuzeckbahnstr. 19, D-82467 Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany; W. Heller and H. Sandermann, Jr, GSF-Forschungszentrum für Umwelt und Gesundheit, Inst für Biochemische Pflanzenpathologie, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, D-85758 Oberschleissheim, Germany; A. Polle (corresponding author, e-mail ), Forstbotanisches Inst, Univ. Göttingen, Büsgenweg 2, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany
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McKee IF, Eiblmeier M, Polle A. Enhanced ozone-tolerance in wheat grown at an elevated CO 2 concentration: ozone exclusion and detoxification. New Phytol 1997; 137:275-284. [PMID: 33863181 DOI: 10.1046/j.1469-8137.1997.00801.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Elevated [CO2 ] has been shown to protect photosynthesis and growth of wheat against moderately elevated [O3 ]. To investigate the role of ozone exclusion and detoxification in this protection, spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L. ev. Wembley) was grown from seed, in controlled-environment chambers, under reciprocal combinations of [CO2 ] at 350 or 700 μmol mol-1 and [O3 ] peaking at < 5 or 60 nmol mol-1 , respectively. Cumulative ozone dose to the mesophyll and antioxidant status were determined throughout flag leaf development. Catalase activity correlated with rates of photorespiration and declined in response to elevated [CO2 ] and/or [O3 ]. Superoxide dismutase activity was not significantly affected by either condition. Neither ascorbate nor glutathione content was enhanced by elevated [CO2 ]. In wheat, at moderately elevated [O3 ], our results show that stomatal exclusion plays a major role in the protective effect of elevated [CO2 ] against O3 damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- I F McKee
- Department of Biological Sciences, John Tabor Laboratories, University of Essex, Wivenhoe Park, Colchester, Essex, CO4 3SQ, UK
| | - M Eiblmeier
- Institut für Forstbotanik und Baumphysiologie, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Am Flughafen 17, D-79085, Freiburg, Germany
| | - A Polle
- Institut für Forstbotanik, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Büsgenweg 2, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
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