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Bayrami S, Chamani M, JamaliMoghadamSiahkali S, SeyedAlinaghi S, Shirmard LR, Bayrami S, Javar HA, Ghahremani MH, Amini M, Tehrani MR, Shahsavari S, Dorkoosh FA. Preparation, characterization and in vitro evaluation of insulin-PHBV nanoparticles / alginate hydrogel composite system for prolonged delivery of insulin. J Pharm Sci 2024:S0022-3549(24)00094-7. [PMID: 38508339 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2024.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE In the present study, biodegradable poly (3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) nanoparticles (NPs) containing insulin were loaded in sodium alginate/jeffamine (ALG/jeff) hydrogel for prolonged delivery of insulin. The main aim of this work was to fabricate an efficient insulin delivery system to improve patient adherence by decreasing the repetition of injections. METHODS Swelling and morphological properties and crosslinking efficiency of ALG/jeff hydrogel were assessed. The composite hydrogel was prepared by adding PHBV NPs to ALG/jeff hydrogel concurrently with crosslinking process. The morphology and loading capacity of composite hydrogel were analyzed. RESULTS Circular dichroism measurement demonstrated that insulin remains stable following fabrication process. The release profile exhibited 54.6% insulin release from composite hydrogel within 31 days with minor initial burst release equated to nanoparticles and hydrogels. MTT cell viability analysis was performed by applying L-929 cell line and no cytotoxic effect was observed. CONCLUSIONS Favorable results clearly introduced fabricated composite hydrogel as an excellent candidate for drug delivery systems and also paves the route for prolonged delivery systems of other proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samane Bayrami
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Chamani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - SeyedAhmad SeyedAlinaghi
- Iranian Research Center for HIV/AIDS, Iranian Institute for Reduction of High Risk Behaviors, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Leila Rezaie Shirmard
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Sepide Bayrami
- Islamic Azad University, North Tehran Branch, Faculty of Bioscience, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Akbari Javar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Ghahremani
- Department of Toxicology-Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Amini
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Drug Design and Development Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Morteza Rafiee Tehrani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shadab Shahsavari
- Chemical Engineering Department, Varamin-Pishva Branch, Islamic Azad University, Varamin, Iran
| | - Farid Abedin Dorkoosh
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Medical Biomaterial Research Centre (MBRC), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 14399-56131, Iran.
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Rastegar Ramsheh ZS, Mohtashami Z, Kargar N, Akbari Javar H, Rafiee Tehrani M, Abedin Dorkoosh F. Design and In Vitro Evaluation of a Slow-Release Intraocular Implant of Betamethasone. AAPS PharmSciTech 2021; 22:174. [PMID: 34114068 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-021-02048-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Posterior eye diseases are a common cause of vision problems in developing countries, which have encouraged the development of new treatment models for these degenerative diseases. Intraocular implants are one of the drug delivery systems to the posterior region of the eye. Using these implants, the blood-eye barrier can be bypassed; the complications caused by repeated in vitro administrations can be eliminated, and smaller amounts of the drug would be used during the treatment process. Meanwhile, biodegradable implants have received more attention due to their biodegradable structure and the lack of need for re-surgery to remove the rest of the system from the eye. The aim of this study is to employ biodegradable implants composed of polyethylene glycol (PEG) and 3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerat (PHBV) to deliver betamethasone to the back of the eye in the treatment of retinopathy. PHBV polymer has been selected as the main polymer with a certain ratio of drug to polymer for fabrication of enamel and different amounts of PEG with three molecular weights used as pore generators to control drug release over a period of time. Based on the analysis of the results of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and FTIR spectroscopy, none of the polymers were degraded in the temperature range of the manufacturing process, and among betamethasone derivatives, the best option for implant preparation is the use of its basic form. Drug release studies over a period of three months showed that implants containing PHBV HV2% and PEG 6000 had a more appropriate release profile.
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Mohammadi Z, Eini M, Rastegari A, Tehrani MR. Chitosan as a machine for biomolecule delivery: A review. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 256:117414. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.117414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Mohtashami Z, Javar HA, Tehrani MR, Esfahani MR, Roohipour R, Aghajanpour L, Amoli FA, Vakilinezhad MA, Dorkoosh FA. Fabrication, Optimization, and In Vitro and In Vivo Characterization of Intra-vitreal Implant of Budesonide Generally Made of PHBV. AAPS PharmSciTech 2020; 21:314. [PMID: 33165678 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-020-01828-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug delivery to vitreous in comparison with drug delivery to the other parts of the eye is complicated and challenging due to the existence of various anatomical and physiological barriers. Developing injectable intra-vitreal implant could be beneficial in this regard. Herein, poly(hydroxybutyrate-co-valerate) (PHBV) implants were fabricated and optimized using response surface method for budesonide (BZ) delivery. The acquired implants were characterized in regard to the stability of the ingredients during fabrication process, drug loading amount, and drug release pattern (in PBS-HA-A and in vitreous medium). According to this research and statistical analysis performed, first HV% (hydroxyvalerate) then molecular weight and ratio of PEG as pore former affect respectively release rate and burst strength of BZ with different coefficients. Drug release profile in rabbit eye correlated well with that of in vitro (R2 = 0.9861, p ˂ 0.0001). No significant changes were seen in ERG waves, intraocular pressure, and histological studies during the in vivo part of the project. Using 8% HV, 20% PEG/PHBV, and higher molecular weight PEG (i.e., 6000), the optimum formulation was achieved. Toxicity and biocompatibility of the optimized formulation, which were evaluated in vivo, indicated the suitability of design implant for intra-vitreal BZ delivery. Grapical abstract.
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Akbari A, Akbarzadeh A, Rafiee Tehrani M, Ahangari Cohan R, Chiani M, Mehrabi MR. Development and Characterization of Nanoliposomal Hydroxyurea Against BT-474 Breast Cancer Cells. Adv Pharm Bull 2020; 10:39-45. [PMID: 32002360 PMCID: PMC6983993 DOI: 10.15171/apb.2020.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2019] [Revised: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Hydroxyurea (HU) is a well-known chemotherapy drug with several side effects which limit its clinical application. This study was conducted to improve its therapeutic efficiency against breast cancer using liposomes as FDA-approved drug carriers.
Methods: PEGylated nanoliposomes-containing HU (NL-HU) were made via a thin-film hydration method, and assessed in terms of zeta potential, size, morphology, release, stability, cellular uptake, and cytotoxicity. The particle size and zeta potential of NL-HU were specified by zeta-sizer. The drug release from liposomes was assessed by dialysis diffusion method. Cellular uptake was evaluated by flow cytometry. The cytotoxicity was designated by methyl thiazolyl diphenyl-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) test.
Results: The size and zeta value of NL-HU were gotten as 85 nm and -27 mV, respectively. NL-HU were spherical.NL-HU vesicles were detected to be stable for two months. The slow drug release and Weibull kinetic model were obtained. Liposomes considerably enhanced the uptake of HU into BT-474 human breast cancer cells. The cytotoxicity of NL-HU on BT-474 cells was found to be significantly more than that of free HU.
Conclusion: The results confirmed these PEGylated nanoliposomes containing drug are potentially suitable against in vitro model of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azam Akbari
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Nanobiotechnology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Azim Akbarzadeh
- Department of Nanobiotechnology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Morteza Rafiee Tehrani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Mohsen Chiani
- Department of Nanobiotechnology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
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Kazemi MS, Mohammadi Z, Amini M, Yousefi M, Tarighi P, Eftekhari S, Rafiee Tehrani M. Thiolated chitosan-lauric acid as a new chitosan derivative: Synthesis, characterization and cytotoxicity. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 136:823-830. [PMID: 31228504 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.06.132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Revised: 06/15/2019] [Accepted: 06/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Chitosan as a biopolymer is an attractive vehicle for biomedical applications due to its unique characteristics. In order to improve chitosan's physicochemical features, chemical modification has been carried out to make it more suitable for such approaches. The aim of this study was to prepare and evaluate thiolated chitosan-lauric acid as a new chitosan derivative for biomedical use. Lauric acid was introduced to chitosan via stable amide bond between carboxylic acid group of fatty acid and the amine in the chitosan and thiolation was carried out using thioglycolic acid. Resulted polymers were characterized by FTIR, 1H NMR and TGA. Moreover, cell viability assessment of new derivative was performed using MTT method. FTIR and 1H NMR results showed that both substitution reactions were successfully completed. Furthermore, new synthesized polymer had no significant cytotoxicity against normal gingiva human cells (HGF1-PI 1).These findings confirm that this new derivative can be introduced as a suitable polymer for biomedical purposes such as mucosal drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mir Salar Kazemi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Iran
| | - Zohreh Mohammadi
- School of Pharmacy-International Campus, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mohsen Amini
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Yousefi
- Nanobiotechnology Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parastoo Tarighi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Samane Eftekhari
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Morteza Rafiee Tehrani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Barbari GR, Dorkoosh F, Amini M, Bahari Javan N, Sharifzadeh M, Atyabi F, Balalaie S, Rafiee Tehrani N, Rafiee Tehrani M. Synthesis and characterization of a novel peptide-grafted Cs and evaluation of its nanoparticles for the oral delivery of insulin, in vitro, and in vivo study. Int J Nanomedicine 2018; 13:5127-5138. [PMID: 30233176 PMCID: PMC6135219 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s161240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Despite years of experience and rigorous research, injectable insulin is the sole trusted treatment method to control the blood glucose level in diabetes type 1 patients, but injection of insulin is painful and poses a lot of stress to the patients, especially children, therefore, development of a non-injectable formulation of insulin is a major breakthrough in the history of medicine and pharmaceutical sciences. Methods In this study, a novel peptide grafted derivative of chitosan (CPP-g- chitosan) is synthesized and its potential for oral delivery of proteins and peptides is evaluated. Drug-loaded nanoparticles were developed from this derivative using ionic gelation method with application of sodium tripolyphosphate (TPP) as a cross-linking agent. Human insulin was used as the model protein drug and release kinetic was studied at gastrointestinal pH. Finally the developed nanoparticles were filled into very tiny enteric protective capsules and its effects on blood glucose level are evaluated in laboratory animals. Results Presence of the positively charged cell-penetrating peptide moiety in the structure of chitosan polymer had slight inhibitory effects on the release of insulin from the nanoparticles in simulated gastric fluid (pH 1.2) comparing to native chitosan. The nanoparticles were positively charged in gastrointestinal pH with size ranging from 180 nm to 326 nm. The polypeptide grafted to chitosan is a novel analog of Penetratin, presenting both the hydrophilic and hydrophobic characteristics altering the release behavior of the nanoparticles and significantly increase the absorption of insulin into the rat epithelium comparing to nanoparticles from simple chitosan. In-vivo results in diabetic rat proved that this nanoparticulate system can significantly lower the blood glucose levels in diabetic rats and remain effective for a duration of 9–11 hours. Conclusion The results indicate that nanoparticles developed from this new peptide conjugated derivative of chitosan are very promising for oral delivery of proteins and peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghullam Reza Barbari
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,
| | - Farid Dorkoosh
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,
| | - Mohsen Amini
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nika Bahari Javan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,
| | - Mohammad Sharifzadeh
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fateme Atyabi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,
| | - Saeed Balalaie
- Department of Chemistry, Khajeh Nasir Toosi University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Morteza Rafiee Tehrani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,
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Bayrami S, Esmaili Z, SeyedAlinaghi S, Jamali Moghadam SR, Bayrami S, Akbari Javar H, Rafiee Tehrani M, Dorkoosh FA. Fabrication of long-acting insulin formulation based on poly (3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) nanoparticles: preparation, optimization, characterization, and in vitro evaluation. Pharm Dev Technol 2018; 24:176-188. [PMID: 29557733 DOI: 10.1080/10837450.2018.1452936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Samane Bayrami
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Esmaili
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - SeyedAhmad SeyedAlinaghi
- Iranian Research Center for HIV/AIDS, Iranian Institute for Reduction of High Risk Behaviors, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Sepide Bayrami
- Faculty of Bioscience, Islamic Azad University, North Tehran Branch, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Akbari Javar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Morteza Rafiee Tehrani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farid Abedin Dorkoosh
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Medical Biomaterial Research Centre (MBRC), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Jafary Omid N, Bahari Javan N, Dehpour AR, Partoazar A, Rafiee Tehrani M, Dorkoosh F. In-vitro and in-vivo cytotoxicity and efficacy evaluation of novel glycyl-glycine and alanyl-alanine conjugates of chitosan and trimethyl chitosan nano-particles as carriers for oral insulin delivery. Int J Pharm 2017; 535:293-307. [PMID: 29138048 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2017.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Revised: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 11/10/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this research work was to explore the possibility of providing multifunctional oral insulin delivery system by conjugating several types of dipeptides on chitosan and trimethyl chitosan to be used as drug carriers. METHOD Conjugates of Glycyl-glycine and alanyl-alanine of chitosan and trimethyl chitosan (on primary alcohol group of polymer located on carbon 6) were synthesized and nanoparticles containing insulin were prepared for oral delivery. Preparation conditions of nanoparticles were optimized and their performance to enhance the permeability of insulin as well as cytotoxicity of nanoparticles in Caco-2 cell line was evaluated. To evaluate the efficacy of orally administered nanoparticles, nanoparticles with the most permeability enhancing ability were studied in male Wistar rats as animal model by measuring insulin and glucose Serum levels. RESULT Structural study of all the conjugates by infrared spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance confirmed the successful formation of the conjugates with the desirable substitution degree. By optimizing preparation conditions, nanoparticles with expected size (157.3-197.7 nm), Zeta potential (24.35-34.37 mV), polydispersity index (0.365-0.512), entrapment efficiency (70.60-86.52%) and loading capacity (30.92-56.81%), proper morphology and desirable release pattern were obtained. Glycyl-glycine and alanyl-alanine conjugate nanoparticles of trimethyl chitosan showed 2.5-3.3 folds more effective insulin permeability in Caco-2 cell line than their chitosan counterparts. In animal model, oral administration of glycyl-glycine and alanyl-alanine conjugate nanoparticles of trimethyl chitosan demonstrated reasonable increase in Serum insulin level with relative bioavailability of 17.19% and 15.46% for glycyl-glycine and alanyl-alanine conjugate nanoparticles, respectively, and reduction in Serum glucose level compared with trimethyl chitosan nanoparticles (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION It seems that glycyl-glycine and alanyl-alanine conjugate nanoparticles of trimethyl chitosan have met the aim of this research work and have been able to orally deliver insulin with more than one mechanism in animal model. Hence, they are promising candidates for further research studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nersi Jafary Omid
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nika Bahari Javan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad-Reza Dehpour
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Partoazar
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Morteza Rafiee Tehrani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farid Dorkoosh
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Medical Biomaterial Research Center (MBRC), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Barbari GR, Dorkoosh FA, Amini M, Sharifzadeh M, Atyabi F, Balalaie S, Rafiee Tehrani N, Rafiee Tehrani M. A novel nanoemulsion-based method to produce ultrasmall, water-dispersible nanoparticles from chitosan, surface modified with cell-penetrating peptide for oral delivery of proteins and peptides. Int J Nanomedicine 2017; 12:3471-3483. [PMID: 28496323 PMCID: PMC5422456 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s116063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A simple and reproducible water-in-oil (W/O) nanoemulsion technique for making ultrasmall (<15 nm), monodispersed and water-dispersible nanoparticles (NPs) from chitosan (CS) is reported. The nano-sized (50 nm) water pools of the W/O nanoemulsion serve as “nano-containers and nano-reactors”. The entrapped polymer chains of CS inside these “nano-reactors” are covalently cross-linked with the chains of polyethylene glycol (PEG), leading to rigidification and formation of NPs. These NPs possess excessive swelling properties in aqueous medium and preserve integrity in all pH ranges due to chemical cross-linking with PEG. A potent and newly developed cell-penetrating peptide (CPP) is further chemically conjugated to the surface of the NPs, leading to development of a novel peptide-conjugated derivative of CS with profound tight-junction opening properties. The CPP-conjugated NPs can easily be loaded with almost all kinds of proteins, peptides and nucleotides for oral delivery applications. Feasibility of this nanoparticulate system for oral delivery of a model peptide (insulin) is investigated in Caco-2 cell line. The cell culture results for translocation of insulin across the cell monolayer are very promising (15%–19% increase), and animal studies are actively under progress and will be published separately.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Mohammad Sharifzadeh
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences
| | | | | | - Niyousha Rafiee Tehrani
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Bahari Javan N, Rezaie Shirmard L, Jafary Omid N, Akbari Javar H, Rafiee Tehrani M, Abedin Dorkoosh F. Preparation, statistical optimisation andin vitrocharacterisation of poly (3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate)/poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) blend nanoparticles for prolonged delivery of teriparatide. J Microencapsul 2016; 33:460-474. [DOI: 10.1080/02652048.2016.1208296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Omid NJ, Babanejad N, Amini H, Amini M, Rafiee Tehrani M, Dorkoosh F. Preparation and characterization of novel derivatives of chitosan and trimethyl chitosan conjugated with dipeptides and vitamin B12 as candidates for oral delivery of insulin. J Polym Res 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-014-0510-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Abstract
Flurbiprofen, a 2-arylpropionic acid (2-APA) nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), exists as racemate and is used as such. Although the activity of 2-APAs is due mainly to their S-enantiomers, information on the pharmacokinetics of flurbiprofen is usually based on the measurement of total concentrations of S- and R-flurbiprofen. In this work, the pharmacokinetics of flurbiprofen enantiomers following single doses were studied in humans and rats. Upon iv administration of 10 mg/kg of racemic flurbiprofen to male Sprague-Dawley rats, the plasma concentrations were consistently higher for S-flurbiprofen than for R-flurbiprofen (AUC = 134 +/- 39 versus 41 +/- 9 mg.L-1 h). In bile duct-cannulated rats, the biliary excretion contained only 3.6-5.2% of the dose as conjugated flurbiprofen (S:R = 1.2-2.1). After administration of R-flurbiprofen to the rat, both enantiomers were found in plasma [AUC(R):AUC(S) = 0.10-0.16], indicating a limited extent of enantiomeric bioinversion. This is consistent with the previously reported limited extent of flurbiprofen uptake into fat. In healthy volunteers also, significant stereoselectivity was observed in the plasma concentration of the drug after 100-mg oral racemic doses [AUC-(S):AUC(R) = 45.4 +/- 12.7:40.1 +/- 14.3 mg.L-1.h]. As compared with the R-enantiomer, S-flurbiprofen has a smaller volume of distribution (7.23 +/- 1.9 versus 8.41 +/- 3.0 L) and total clearance (1.23 +/- 0.34 versus 1.47 +/- 0.50 L/h), but an equal half-life (4.21 +/- 1.2 versus 4.18 +/- 1.3 h). In urine, on the other hand, the R-configuration was predominant, as greater amounts of the R-enantiomer were found both as conjugated flurbiprofen and as an unidentified metabolite. Negligible amounts of intact flurbiprofen enantiomers were detected in urine. The observed stereoselectivity in humans cannot be attributed to enantiomeric bioinversion, as S-flurbiprofen was not detected in plasma and urine after oral administration of R-flurbiprofen.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Jamali
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
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Abstract
Thirty healthy term gravidas in active labor received a paracervical block (PCB) with the ester-type local anesthetic, 2-chloroprocaine (2CP). Good to excellent pain relief resulted in all but 1 case. The duration of action was short (mean 38.9 min), requiring repeat blocks in 6/30 cases. Fetal heart rate and uterine contractions were electronically monitored, and fetal acid-base status was periodically checked by fetal scalp pH measurements. PCB-related fetal bradycardia was observed in 3 cases, but in only 1 case was PCB the only cause for the bradycardia. Fetal acidosis was not observed. No instance of neonatal depression or acidosis as expressed by the 1- and 5-minute Apgar scores and cord blood acid-base evaluation was observed. No maternal complications were observed. It is concluded that paracervical block using 2CP is an effective though short-acting method of pain relief which, when properly monitored, is safe for both mother and fetus.
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