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Rohit A, DSouza C, Kumar S, Ct M, V V, Perumal S, Philip M, George R, Karunasagar I. IgG responses against SARS-CoV-2 vaccines AZD1222 and BBV-152 and breakthrough infections among health care workers in southern India. Heliyon 2024; 10:e25528. [PMID: 38327428 PMCID: PMC10847638 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e25528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
IgG antibodies elicited in response to SARS-CoV-2 are critical in determining the protection achieved through vaccination. The present longitudinal study aims to assess the immune response generated through AZD1222 & BBV-152 vaccination among health care workers (HCWs) in a selected hospital. Serum IgG levels were measured approximately at 1.5 months and 6 months after the first and second vaccination. The final assessment was done 12 months after the first vaccination to analyse the sustained antibody levels. Results showed a progressive increase in antibody titres as a function of time. 26 HCWs in all had SARS-CoV-2 breakthrough infection, but their antibody titres were not significantly higher compared to COVID-19 naïve individuals. However, a comparative analysis showed considerably higher antibody titre in those who received the AZD1222 vaccine among this cohort. AZD1222 vaccination was significantly associated with seropositivity in the first and second assessments. Female HCWs showed significantly higher seropositivity, and participants above 60 years showed considerably reduced antibody titre in the first assessment. However, the final assessment showed no association with these variables, with 97.1 % of participants reporting to be seropositive. The results indicate good antibody response and potential protection against SARS CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anusha Rohit
- Madras Medical Mission, 4-A, Dr, Mogappair, Chennai 600037, India
- Nitte (Deemed to be University), University Enclave, Medical Sciences Complex, Deralakatte, Mangaluru 575018, India
| | - Caroline DSouza
- Nitte University Centre for Science Education and Research, Nitte (Deemed to be University), Deralakatte, Mangalore 575018, India
| | - Suresh Kumar
- Madras Medical Mission, 4-A, Dr, Mogappair, Chennai 600037, India
| | - Meenachi Ct
- Madras Medical Mission, 4-A, Dr, Mogappair, Chennai 600037, India
| | - Vinothini V
- Madras Medical Mission, 4-A, Dr, Mogappair, Chennai 600037, India
| | - Siva Perumal
- Madras Medical Mission, 4-A, Dr, Mogappair, Chennai 600037, India
| | - M. Philip
- Madras Medical Mission, 4-A, Dr, Mogappair, Chennai 600037, India
| | - Raju George
- Madras Medical Mission, 4-A, Dr, Mogappair, Chennai 600037, India
| | - Iddya Karunasagar
- Nitte (Deemed to be University), University Enclave, Medical Sciences Complex, Deralakatte, Mangaluru 575018, India
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Subhahar MB, Karakka Kal AK, Philip M, Muhammed Ajeebsanu M, Karatt TK, Perwad Z. Doping control approach: Identification of equine in vitro metabolites of voxelotor (GBT440), a hemoglobin S polymerization inhibitor. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 2024; 38:e9671. [PMID: 38124165 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.9671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Sickle cell disease, a debilitating genetic disorder affecting numerous newborns globally, has historically received limited attention in pharmaceutical research. However, recent years have witnessed a notable shift, with the Food and Drug Administration approving three innovative disease-modifying medications. Voxelotor, also known as GBT440, is a promising compound that effectively prevents sickling, providing a safe approach to alleviate chronic hemolytic anemia in sickle cell disease. It is a novel, orally bioavailable small molecule that inhibits hemoglobin S polymerization by enhancing oxygen affinity to hemoglobin. The investigation demonstrated that voxelotor led to an unintended elevation of hemoglobin levels in healthy individuals by increasing serum erythropoietin levels. METHODS Voxelotor and its metabolites in an in vitro setting utilizing equine liver microsomes were discussed. Plausible structures of the identified metabolites were inferred through the application of liquid chromatography in conjunction with high-resolution mass spectrometry. RESULTS Under the experimental conditions, a total of 31 metabolites were detected, including 16 phase I metabolites, two phase II metabolites, and 13 conjugates of phase I metabolites. The principal phase I metabolites were generated through processes such as hydroxylation, reduction, and dissociation. The presence of glucuronide and sulfate conjugates of the parent drug were also observed, along with hydroxylated, reduced, and dissociated analogs. CONCLUSIONS The data acquired will accelerate the identification of voxelotor and related compounds, aiding in the detection of their illicit use in competitive sports. It is crucial to emphasize that the metabolites detailed in this manuscript were identified through in vitro experiments and their detection in an in vivo study may not be guaranteed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Moses Philip
- Equine Forensic Unit, Central Veterinary Research Laboratory, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | | | - Tajudheen K Karatt
- Equine Forensic Unit, Central Veterinary Research Laboratory, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Zubair Perwad
- Equine Forensic Unit, Central Veterinary Research Laboratory, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
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Muhammed Ajeebsanu M, Subhahar MB, Karakka Kal AK, Philip M, Perwad Z, Karatt TK, Graiban FM, Joseph M, Jose SV. Comprehensive metabolic investigation of dopamine reuptake inhibitor HDMP-28 in equine liver microsomes and Cunninghamella elegans for doping control. Drug Test Anal 2024. [PMID: 38225724 DOI: 10.1002/dta.3642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
A dopamine reuptake inhibitor is a type of medication or substance that works by blocking the reuptake of dopamine in the brain. Dopamine reuptake inhibitors offer multiple effects, including increased alertness, improved mood, and therapeutic potential for conditions like depression, ADHD, and Parkinson's disease. HDMP-28, or methylnaphthidate, is a potent synthetic stimulant from the phenyltropane class. It surpasses methylphenidate in both dopamine reuptake inhibition and half-life. As a dopamine reuptake inhibitor, it boosts dopamine levels by hindering reuptake into nerve cells, resulting in heightened stimulation and increased energy. In order to comprehensively address both the tangible and potential repercussions of the unauthorized utilization of the aforementioned substance in sports, it is imperative to establish analytical methodologies for the identification of the parent drug and its primary metabolites. Additionally, a comprehensive analysis of the metabolic characteristics of HDMP-28 in both human and animal subjects has yet to be published. This study explores the metabolic conversion of HDMP-28 mediated by equine liver microsomes and Cunninghamella elegans. An extraction and detection method was developed, optimized, and validated for doping assessment in equine urine and plasma. Liquid chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry was employed to determine metabolite structures. The study identified 31 (22 phase I and 9 phase II) metabolites of HDMP-28, including hydroxylated, hydrogenated, and hydrolyzed analogs. Glucuronic acid-conjugated metabolites were also detected. This manuscript describes metabolites based on the in vitro studies, which might not be the same in vivo. These findings aid in the detection and understanding of the illicit use of HDMP-28 in equestrian sports.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Moses Philip
- Equine Forensic Unit, Central Veterinary Research Laboratory, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Zubair Perwad
- Equine Forensic Unit, Central Veterinary Research Laboratory, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | | | - Fatma Mohammed Graiban
- Equine Forensic Unit, Central Veterinary Research Laboratory, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Marina Joseph
- Department of Bacteriology, Diagnostic Section, Central Veterinary Research Laboratory, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Shantymol V Jose
- Department of Bacteriology, Diagnostic Section, Central Veterinary Research Laboratory, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
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Karatt TK, Sathiq MA, Laya S, Karakka Kal AK, Subhahar MB, M P MA, Philip M, Graiban FM, Caveney MR. Metabolic study of selective androgen receptor modulator LY2452473 in thoroughbred horses for doping control. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 2023; 37:e9491. [PMID: 36758220 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.9491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Since 2010, there has been an increasing number of adverse analytical findings related to selective androgen receptor modulators (SARMs) in competitive sports. It emphasizes the importance of comprehensive doping control analytical procedures that are capable of detecting SARM misuse. METHODS In this study, it is described how LY2452473, a SARM, was metabolized in thoroughbred horses after a single-dose oral administration and in vitro with equine liver microsome preparations. An investigation of the metabolism of LY2452473 in horses' urine, plasma, and hair matrices was carried out during the study. The plausible structures of the detected metabolites were postulated using high-performance liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry. RESULTS Under the experimental conditions 15 metabolites (12 phase I and three conjugates of phase I) were detected (M1-M15). The major phase I metabolites identified were formed by hydroxylation. Side-chain dissociated and methylated metabolites were also detected. In phase II, the glucuronic acid and sulfonic acid conjugates of hydroxy LY2452473 were detected as the major metabolites. In vitro analysis has confirmed the presence of all metabolites found in vivo except for the methylated analogs M11 and M12. A peak concentration of LY2452473 (0.5 pg/mg) in proximal hair segments was achieved 4 weeks after administration, according to hair analysis. CONCLUSIONS Data obtained will aid in identifying LY2452473 and related substances faster. Furthermore, the results will assist in checking for the illegal use of these substances in competitive sports.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tajudheen K Karatt
- Equine Forensic Unit, Central Veterinary Research Laboratory, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
- Post Graduate and Research Department of Chemistry, Jamal Mohamed College (Affiliated to Bharathidasan University), Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - M Anwar Sathiq
- Post Graduate and Research Department of Chemistry, Jamal Mohamed College (Affiliated to Bharathidasan University), Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Saraswathy Laya
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | | | | | - Muhammed Ajeebsanu M P
- Equine Forensic Unit, Central Veterinary Research Laboratory, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Moses Philip
- Equine Forensic Unit, Central Veterinary Research Laboratory, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Fatma Mohammed Graiban
- Equine Forensic Unit, Central Veterinary Research Laboratory, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
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Karatt TK, Sathiq MA, Laya S, Kal AKK, Subhahar MB, Muhammed Ajeebsanu MP, Philip M, Caveney MR, Graiban FM. In-depth metabolic study of non-steroidal selective androgen receptor modulator - GSK2881078 in thoroughbred horses and horse liver microsomes for doping control. Drug Test Anal 2023. [PMID: 36922727 DOI: 10.1002/dta.3469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
Non-steroidal selective androgen receptor modulators (SARMs) are a novel class of compounds that have not yet been clinically approved; however, they appear to have a better anabolic/androgenic ratio than steroids and cause slighter side effects. Sports drug testing laboratories are required to maintain continuously updated doping control analytical methods in light of the widespread misuse of SARMs in elite and amateur sports. This paper describes the metabolic conversion of SARM - GSK2881078 in thoroughbred horses following oral administration and in vitro with equine liver microsomes. A liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry method was used to postulate the plausible structures of the detected metabolites. A total of five (M1-M5) in vivo metabolites and six (M1-M6) in vitro metabolites were detected under experimental conditions. Phase I metabolites mainly result from hydroxylation. Methoxylated and side chain dissociated metabolites were also detected. Neither sulfonic acid nor glucuronic acid conjugated metabolites were observed in this study. Data reported here could aid in the detection of non-steroidal selective androgen receptor modulator - GSK2881078 and reveal its illicit use in competitive sports.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tajudheen K Karatt
- Equine Forensic Unit, Central Veterinary Research Laboratory, Dubai, United Arab Emirates.,Post Graduate and Research Department of Chemistry, Jamal Mohamed College (Affiliated to Bharathidasan University), Tiruchirappal, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - M Anwar Sathiq
- Post Graduate and Research Department of Chemistry, Jamal Mohamed College (Affiliated to Bharathidasan University), Tiruchirappal, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Saraswathy Laya
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | | | | | - M P Muhammed Ajeebsanu
- Equine Forensic Unit, Central Veterinary Research Laboratory, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Moses Philip
- Equine Forensic Unit, Central Veterinary Research Laboratory, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | | | - Fatma Mohammed Graiban
- Equine Forensic Unit, Central Veterinary Research Laboratory, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
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Philip M, Karakka Kal AK, Subhahar MB, Karatt TK, Mathew B, Perwad Z, Graiban FM, Caveney MR, Sayed R, Kadry AM. Hydroxy levamisole and its phase II conjugates as potential indicators of levamisole doping in thoroughbred horses. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 2023; 37:e9430. [PMID: 36382989 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.9430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE According to previous research, aminorex is the major metabolite of levamisole; however, in the screening of levamisole-positive racehorse urine and plasma samples, aminorex could only be detected in trace amounts or not at all. In forensic laboratories, hydroxy levamisole and its phase II conjugates make it easier to confirm levamisole misuse and to differentiate between the abuse of levamisole and aminorex. This study aimed to identify the major levamisole metabolites that can be detected along with the parent drug. METHODS The study describes levamisole and its metabolites in thoroughbred horses following oral administration and in vitro with equine liver microsomes. The plausible structures of the detected metabolites were postulated using liquid chromatography combined with high-resolution mass spectrometry. RESULTS Under the experimental conditions 26 metabolites (17 phase I, 2 phase II, and 7 conjugates of phase I metabolites) were detected (M1-M26). The major phase I metabolites identified were formed by hydroxylation. In phase II, the glucuronic acid conjugates of levamisole and hydroxy levamisole were detected as the major metabolites. In plasma, the parent drug and major metabolites are detectable for up to eight days, while in urine, they are detectable for up to twenty days. Levamisole levels rapidly increased at 45 min following administration, then declined gradually until detectable levels were reached approximately 8 days after administration, according to a pharmacokinetics study. CONCLUSIONS A prolonged elimination profile and relatively high concentration of hydroxy metabolites suggest that the detection of hydroxy metabolites is imperative for investigating levamisole doping in horses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moses Philip
- Equine Forensic Unit, Central Veterinary Research Laboratory, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | | | | | - Tajudheen K Karatt
- Equine Forensic Unit, Central Veterinary Research Laboratory, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Binoy Mathew
- Equine Forensic Unit, Central Veterinary Research Laboratory, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Zubair Perwad
- Equine Forensic Unit, Central Veterinary Research Laboratory, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Fatma Mohammed Graiban
- Equine Forensic Unit, Central Veterinary Research Laboratory, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | | | - Ramy Sayed
- Equine Forensic Unit, Central Veterinary Research Laboratory, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ahmed Mahmoud Kadry
- Equine Forensic Unit, Central Veterinary Research Laboratory, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
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Karatt TK, Sathiq MA, Laya S, Philip M, Karakka Kal AK, Subhahar MB. Investigation of in vitro generated metabolites of GLPG0492 using equine liver microsomes for doping control. Drug Test Anal 2023. [PMID: 36762383 DOI: 10.1002/dta.3453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
An effective alternative to testosterone therapy is selective androgen receptor modulators, a class of compounds that has a tissue-specific effect on muscle and bone. These drugs, which enhance performance, pose a severe abuse risk in competitive sports. GLPG0492 is one of the selective androgen receptor modulators discovered in recent decades. This compound has a unique tissue-specific action for muscle and bone against steroid receptors and acts as a partial agonist for androgen receptors. This study examined GLPG0492 and its metabolites in vitro using equine liver microsomes. Liquid chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry was utilized to determine the probable structures of detected metabolites. This study identified 39 metabolites of GLPG0492 (21 phase I and 18 phase II). The hydroxylation of GLPG0492 results in monohydroxylated and dihydroxylated metabolites. Additionally, the study detected dissociated side chains (3-methyl and 4-(hydroxymethyl)) and corresponding hydroxylated metabolites. A series of glucuronic acid- and sulfonic acid-conjugated analogs of GLPG0492 were detected during phase II of the study. The findings might help in the detection of GLPG0492 and the elucidation of its illegal use in equestrian sports.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tajudheen K Karatt
- Equine Forensic Unit, Central Veterinary Research Laboratory, Dubai, United Arab Emirates.,Post Graduate and Research Department of Chemistry, Jamal Mohamed College (Affiliated to Bharathidasan University), Tamil Nadu, India
| | - M Anwar Sathiq
- Post Graduate and Research Department of Chemistry, Jamal Mohamed College (Affiliated to Bharathidasan University), Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Saraswathy Laya
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Moses Philip
- Equine Forensic Unit, Central Veterinary Research Laboratory, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
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Philip M, Karakka Kal AK, Subhahar MB, Karatt TK, Mathew B, Koshy SA. Characterization of growth hormone secretagogue small molecule ibutamoren (MK-0677) and its possible metabolites in thoroughbred horses for doping control. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 2022; 36:e9337. [PMID: 35716382 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.9337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE It is important to remember that performance-enhancing agents such as non-peptide growth hormone secretagogues present a significant risk of abuse. Ibutamoren (MK-0677) is a potent, long-acting, selective non-peptide growth hormone secretagogue that can be taken orally. METHODS This study examines ibutamoren and its metabolites in thoroughbred horses after oral administration. Liquid chromatography/high-resolution mass spectrometry was used to determine the probable structures of the detected metabolites. RESULTS In this study, 22 metabolites of ibutamoren were identified (17 phase I and 5 phase II). Oxidation of ibutamoren leads to hydroxylated metabolites (mono and di). The study also detected dissociated side chains (benzyl group and 2-amino-2-methylpropanamide) and hydrogenated metabolites. The glucuronic acid conjugated analogs of ibutamoren were detected during phase II of the study, but no sulfonic acid conjugated analogs were observed. The major metabolites can be detected up to 96 hours after a single dose, and ibutamoren can persist for up to 72 hours. CONCLUSIONS These findings will aid in the detection of ibutamoren and the detection of its illegal use in competitive sports.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moses Philip
- Equine Forensic Unit, Central Veterinary Research Laboratory, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | | | | | - Tajudheen K Karatt
- Equine Forensic Unit, Central Veterinary Research Laboratory, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Binoy Mathew
- Equine Forensic Unit, Central Veterinary Research Laboratory, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Shino Ann Koshy
- Equine Forensic Unit, Central Veterinary Research Laboratory, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
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Philip M, Kal AKK, Mathew B, Subhahar MB, Karatt TK, Perwad Z. Metabolic study of hypoxia‐inducible factor stabilizers BAY 87‐2243, MK‐8617, and PT‐2385 in equine liver microsomes for doping control. Drug Test Anal 2022; 14:1703-1723. [DOI: 10.1002/dta.3348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Moses Philip
- Equine Forensic Unit, Central Veterinary Research Laboratory Dubai United Arab Emirates
| | | | - Binoy Mathew
- Equine Forensic Unit, Central Veterinary Research Laboratory Dubai United Arab Emirates
| | | | - Tajudheen K. Karatt
- Equine Forensic Unit, Central Veterinary Research Laboratory Dubai United Arab Emirates
| | - Zubair Perwad
- Equine Forensic Unit, Central Veterinary Research Laboratory Dubai United Arab Emirates
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Arregle F, Iline N, Giorgi R, Gouriet F, Casalta J, Casalta A, Martel H, Philip M, Hubert S, Renard S, Camoin L, Lepidi H, Riberi A, Collart F, Drancourt M, Habib G. Influence of the health-care pathway on the outcome of patients with infective endocarditis: Should all patients be treated in referral centers? Archives of Cardiovascular Diseases Supplements 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.acvdsp.2021.09.134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Philip M, Karakka Kal AK, Subhahar MB, Perwad Z, Karatt TK. Characterization of equine liver microsome-generated metabolites of growth hormone secretagogue small molecule ibutamoren. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 2021; 35:e9201. [PMID: 34542924 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.9201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Interest in growth hormone secretagogues has intensified during the past several years based on capable, ever-widening investigational applications of recombinant growth hormone in animals and humans. Ibutamoren is a potent, long-acting, selective and orally active non-peptide growth hormone secretagogue, which has a great potential for abuse as a performance-enhancing agent in sports. METHODS To support drug metabolism and pharmacokinetic studies of chiral pharmaceuticals, it is necessary to combine the resolving power of high-performance liquid chromatography with the sensitivity of mass spectrometric techniques. This paper describes the metabolic conversion of ibutamoren using equine liver microsomes and metabolite characterization using a QExactive high-resolution mass spectrometer. RESULTS A total of 32 metabolites for ibutamoren (20 phase I and 12 phase II) were detected. The important findings of the current research are as follows: (1) the growth hormone secretagogue ibutamoren was prone to oxidation, resulting in corresponding hydroxylated metabolites; (2) in ibutamoren, the dissociation of the phenyl ring and 2-amino-2-methylpropanamide side chain was also observed; (3) the glucuronic acid conjugates of mono-, di- and trihydroxylated analogues were detected; and (4) no sulfonic acid conjugated metabolites were observed in this study of ibutamoren. CONCLUSIONS The reported data help in the speedy detection of the growth hormone secretagogue ibutamoren and reveal its illegal use in competitive sports.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moses Philip
- Equine Forensic Unit, Central Veterinary Research Laboratory, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | | | | | - Zubair Perwad
- Equine Forensic Unit, Central Veterinary Research Laboratory, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Tajudheen K Karatt
- Equine Forensic Unit, Central Veterinary Research Laboratory, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
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Das SK, Burma AD, Amudhan S, Mishra V, Mahapatra P, Ashok A, Philip M. Do children in India grow well into adolescents? Longitudinal analysis of growth transitions from Young Lives panel survey in India. Public Health 2021; 202:18-25. [PMID: 34875532 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2021.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Studies that examined the growth during late childhood and early adolescence beyond 8 years of age are very limited. Further, most studies have used dichotomized classification of stunting, thereby limiting the understanding of moderate stunting in childhood growth trajectory. We aimed to examine the course of stunting from childhood to adolescence by undertaking robust analyses of the Young Lives Survey (YLS) longitudinal data from India using multilevel categorization of stunting. STUDY DESIGN Retrospective cohort analysis was undertaken from YLS in India among 1827 children from the younger cohort born in 2001-02 with complete follow-up data in all five rounds of YLS collected in 2002, 2006, 2009, 2013, and 2016. METHODS A three-state multistate Markov model (not stunted, moderate, severe) was performed to estimate annual transition probabilities, mean sojourn-time, and transition-specific risk factors. RESULTS Between Round-one and Round-five, cross-sectional prevalence of severe stunting decreased from 10.4% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 7.8%, 13.7%) to 5.3% (95% CI: 3.8%, 7.3%), while moderate stunting increased from 19.9% (95% CI: 16.3%,23.9%) to 21.7% (95% CI: 18.4%, 24.9%). Mean Sojourn time estimation indicated a relatively concise state for moderate stunting. The stunting trajectory had shown gender differential where more faltering to severe stunting and lower recovery to the normal state was observed among girls between 8 and 12 years and among boys between 12 and 15 years. Compared with boys, girls had 40% excess likelihood (Hazard Ratio: 1.40; 95% CI 1.00 to 1.95) for moderate-to-severe stunting transition and also had 19% excess likelihood (Hazard Ratio: 1.19; 95% CI 1.01 to 1.40) of favorable transition (moderate-to-non-stunted). CONCLUSIONS The transition trajectory highlights preadolescence, especially among girls, as an additional window of opportunity to ensure better nutrition in adolescent life. With a fifth of adolescents living in India, study findings call for coordinated, multisectoral, age-appropriate, and gender-responsive approach to take India closer to meeting SDG-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- S K Das
- Department of Biostatistics, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bangalore, India
| | - A D Burma
- Department of Epidemiology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bangalore, India
| | - S Amudhan
- Department of Epidemiology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bangalore, India.
| | - V Mishra
- Consultant-Rapid Response Team, WHO, India
| | - P Mahapatra
- Department of Epidemiology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bangalore, India
| | - A Ashok
- Department of Epidemiology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bangalore, India
| | - M Philip
- Department of Biostatistics, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bangalore, India
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Philip M, Karakka Kal AK, Subhahar MB, Karatt TK, Mathew B, Perwad Z. In vitro studies of hypoxia inducible factor-prolyl hydroxylase inhibitors daprodustat, desidustat, and vadadustat for equine doping control. Drug Test Anal 2021; 14:317-348. [PMID: 34714596 DOI: 10.1002/dta.3188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Performance-enhancing substances and methods have become a serious problem in competitive sports. The hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) stabilizers can enhance the organism's capacity for molecular oxygen transport and are likely to be abused as performance-enhancing agents in sports. This paper describes the metabolic conversion of the popular hypoxia inducible factor-prolyl hydroxylase (HIF-PH) inhibitors, namely, daprodustat, desidustat, and vadadustat using equine liver microsomes, determined on a QExactive high-resolution mass spectrometer. During this study, a total of 10 metabolites for daprodustat (all are Phase I), 10 metabolites for desidustat (five each for Phase I and Phase II), and 15 metabolites for vadadustat (six for Phase I and nine for Phase II) were detected. The important findings of the current research are as follows: (1) All the three HIF-PH inhibitor drug candidates are prone to oxidation, which results in corresponding hydroxylated metabolites; (2) in desidustat, hydrolysis and dissociation of oxime linkage also observed; (3) the glucuronic acid conjugate (except daprodustat) of the parent drugs as well as the monohydroxylated analogs were observed; (4) sulfonic acid conjugated metabolites were observed only for vadadustat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moses Philip
- Equine Forensic Unit, Central Veterinary Research Laboratory, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | | | | | - Tajudheen K Karatt
- Equine Forensic Unit, Central Veterinary Research Laboratory, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Binoy Mathew
- Equine Forensic Unit, Central Veterinary Research Laboratory, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Zubair Perwad
- Equine Forensic Unit, Central Veterinary Research Laboratory, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
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14
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Mathew B, Philip M, Perwad Z, Karatt TK, Caveney MR, Subhahar MB, Karakka Kal AK. Identification of Hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) stabilizer roxadustat and its possible metabolites in thoroughbred horses for doping control. Drug Test Anal 2021; 13:1203-1215. [PMID: 33569900 DOI: 10.1002/dta.3014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 01/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) stabilizer belongs to a novel class of pharmacologically active substances, which are capable of inducing the endogenous erythropoietic system. The transcriptional activator HIF has been shown to significantly increase blood hemoglobin and is well set for the treatment of anemia resulting from chronic kidney disease. This research work reports a comprehensive study of the most popular HIF stabilizer roxadustat and its metabolites in thoroughbred horse urine after oral administration. The plausible structures of the detected metabolites were postulated using liquid chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry. Under the experimental condition 13 metabolites (7 phase I, 1 phase II, and 5 conjugates of phase I metabolism) were positively detected (M1-M13). The major phase I metabolites identified were formed by hydroxylation. Dealkylated and hydrolyzed phase I metabolites were also observed in this study. In phase II, a glucuronic acid conjugate of roxadustat was detected as the major metabolite. The sulfonic acid conjugates were observed to be formed from phase I metabolites. The characterized in vivo metabolites can potentially serve as target analytes for doping control analysis; hence, the result is an important tool for assessing its use and abuse in competitive sport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binoy Mathew
- Equine Forensic Unit, Central Veterinary Research Laboratory, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Moses Philip
- Equine Forensic Unit, Central Veterinary Research Laboratory, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Zubair Perwad
- Equine Forensic Unit, Central Veterinary Research Laboratory, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Tajudheen K Karatt
- Equine Forensic Unit, Central Veterinary Research Laboratory, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
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15
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Philip M, Mathew B, Karatt TK, Perwad Z, Subhahar MB, Karakka Kal AK. Metabolic studies of hypoxia-inducible factor stabilisers IOX2, IOX3 and IOX4 (in vitro) for doping control. Drug Test Anal 2021; 13:794-816. [PMID: 33458935 DOI: 10.1002/dta.3000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The transcriptional activator hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) is a vital arbitrator in the performance of cellular responses lacking oxygen supply in aerobic organisms. Because these compounds are capable of enhancing the organism's capacity for molecular oxygen transport, they possess great potential for abuse as a performance-enhancing agent in sports. A comprehensive study of the metabolic conversion of the most popular HIF stabilisers such as IOX2, IOX3 and IOX4 using equine liver microsomes (in vitro) is reported. The parents and their metabolites were identified and characterised by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry in negative ionisation mode using a QExactive high-resolution mass spectrometer. Under the current experimental condition, a total of 10 metabolites for IOX2 (three phase I and seven phase II), nine metabolites for IOX3 (four phase I and five phase II) and five metabolites for IOX4 (three phase I and two phase II) were detected. The outcome of the present study is as follows: (1) all the three IOX candidates are prone to oxidation, results in subsequent monohydroxylated, and some dihydroxylated metabolites. (2) Besides oxidation, there is a possibility of hydrolysis and de-alkylation, which results in corresponding carboxylic acid and amide, respectively. (3) The glucuronide and sulphate conjugate of the parent drugs as well as the monohydroxylated analogues were observed in this study. The characterised in vitro metabolites can potentially serve as target analytes for doping control analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moses Philip
- Equine Forensic Unit, Central Veterinary Research Laboratory, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Binoy Mathew
- Equine Forensic Unit, Central Veterinary Research Laboratory, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Tajudheen K Karatt
- Equine Forensic Unit, Central Veterinary Research Laboratory, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Zubair Perwad
- Equine Forensic Unit, Central Veterinary Research Laboratory, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
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16
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Philip M, Delcourt S, Cammilleri S, Gourriet F, Tessonnier L, Casalta J, Gardenat A, Gerard H, Riberi A, Hubert S, Habib G. 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography computed tomography (18F-PET/CT) for the diagnosis of native valve infective endocarditis (NVIE): a prospective study. Eur Heart J 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/ehjci/ehaa946.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background and objectives
18F-FDG PET/CT has recently been added as a major criterion in the ESC 2015 infective endocarditis (IE) guidelines. We and others have demonstrated that18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) / computed tomography (CT) was useful in patients with suspected prosthetic valve and cardiac device IE. However, the sensitivity and specificity of ESC classification is unknown in patients with native valve endocarditis (NVE) as well as the clinical impact of PET findings.
Purposes
1. Primary objective: To assess the value of the new ESC criteria including 18F-FDG PET/CT in native valve infective endocarditis (NVIE).
2. Secondary objectives:
– to determine the usefulness of PET/CT concerning embolic or neoplastic detection.
– to describe a new PET/CT feature, i.e. the diffuse splenic uptake.
Methods
Between 2012 and 2017, 75 patients with suspected NVIE were prospectively included, after exclusion of patients with uninterpretable or not feasible PET/CT. Using the expert consensus of the Endocarditis Team after a 3-month follow-up as gold standard, 63 IE were confirmed and 12 were rejected. Patients follow-up was scheduled at one and three months after hospitalization.
Results
Significant cardiac uptake by PET/CT (major criterion) was observed in 11 among 63 patients with definite NVIE and no patients with rejected IE (sensitivity 18%, specificity 100%). Among the 63 patients with a final diagnosis of NVE, a peripheral embolism or mycotic aneurysm was observed in 20 cases (32%). Considering this, the ESC 2015 classification increased the sensitivity of Duke criteria from 64 to 70% (p<0.001) without no change on specificity (p<0.001). Twenty-four patients (38%) were diagnosed with secondary infectious sites or infectious portal of entry. A diffuse splenic uptake was observed in 39 (52%) patients, including 37 (59%) of patients with a final diagnosis of NVE (specificity 83%).
Conclusion
1. The value of 18F-FDG PET/CT in NVE diagnosis is poor (18% sensitivity)
2. Usefulness of PET/CT remains high when concerning embolic or neoplastic detection.
3. Our study describes for the first time in NVE a new potential endocarditis criterion, i.e. the presence of a diffuse splenic uptake on 18F-FDG PET/CT
Diffuse splenic uptake
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding source: None
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Affiliation(s)
- M Philip
- Hospital La Timone of Marseille, Marseille, France
| | - S Delcourt
- Hospital La Timone of Marseille, Marseille, France
| | - S Cammilleri
- Hospital La Timone of Marseille, Marseille, France
| | - F Gourriet
- Hospital La Timone of Marseille, Marseille, France
| | - L Tessonnier
- Hospital La Timone of Marseille, Marseille, France
| | - J.P Casalta
- Hospital La Timone of Marseille, Marseille, France
| | - A Gardenat
- Hospital La Timone of Marseille, Marseille, France
| | - H Gerard
- Hospital La Timone of Marseille, Marseille, France
| | - A Riberi
- Hospital La Timone of Marseille, Marseille, France
| | - S Hubert
- Hospital La Timone of Marseille, Marseille, France
| | - G Habib
- Hospital La Timone of Marseille, Marseille, France
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17
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Subhahar MB, Karakka Kal AK, Philip M, K Karatt T, N I, Vazhat RA, M P MA. Detection and identification of ACP-105 and its metabolites in equine urine using LC/MS/MS after oral administration. Drug Test Anal 2020; 13:299-317. [PMID: 32852865 DOI: 10.1002/dta.2918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
ACP-105 is a novel nonsteroidal selective androgen receptor modulator (SARM) with a tissue-specific agonist effect and does not have side effects associated with the use of common androgens. This research reports a comprehensive study for the detection of ACP-105 and its metabolites in racehorses after oral administration (in vivo) and postulating its structures using mass spectrometric techniques. To obtain the metabolic profile of ACP-105, a selective and reliable LC-MS/MS method was developed. The chemical structures of the metabolites were determined based on their fragmentation pattern, accurate mass, and retention time. Under the current experimental condition, a total of 19 metabolites were detected in ACP-105 drug administered equine urine samples. The study results suggest the following: (1) ACP-105 is prone to oxidation, which gives corresponding monohydroxylated, dihydroxylated, and trihydroxylated metabolites; (2) along with oxidation, there is a possibility of elimination of water molecule (dehydration) from the third position of the tropine moiety, resulting in the dehydrated analogs of corresponding monohydroxylated, dihydroxylated, and trihydroxylated metabolites; (3) from the study on the metabolites using LC-MS/MS, it is clear that the fragmentation pattern is identical and a great number of fragment ions are common in all the metabolites and the parent drug. (4) The ACP-105 and its metabolites were detected for up to 72 h; thus, the result is a valuable tool for evaluating its use and/or misuse in sport.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Moses Philip
- Equine Forensic Unit, Central Veterinary Research Laboratory, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Tajudheen K Karatt
- Equine Forensic Unit, Central Veterinary Research Laboratory, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ibrahimwaseem N
- Equine Forensic Unit, Central Veterinary Research Laboratory, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ramees Abdulla Vazhat
- Equine Forensic Unit, Central Veterinary Research Laboratory, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Muhammed Ajeebsanu M P
- Equine Forensic Unit, Central Veterinary Research Laboratory, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
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18
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Karakka Kal AK, Karatt TK, Philip M, Meissir S, Nalakath J. Separation and Determination of the Enantiomeric Levamisole and Dexamisole in Equine Plasma Samples Using Chiral Polysaccharide Column/ LC-MS/MS. CURR ANAL CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.2174/1573411015666190808103143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Drug Enforcement Administration confirmed that many manufacturers began
adding tetramisole or its individual isomers to cocaine as an adulterant, and believed that
tetramisole may augment cocaine’s effects. In recent times, there is an increasing trend in the usage
of tetramisole and its individual enantiomer in race sports especially in horse and camel races. So it’s
is very much required to confirm the stereochemistry of this illicit drug in the routine race day samples
coming to the anti-doping labs in order to avoid legal arguments and challenges to the analytical
findings.
Methods:
The aim of the study was to develop a simple, rapid and accurate method for the chiral
separation and determination of enantiomeric mixtures of levamisole and dexamisole using Thermo
Q-Exactive High-Resolution Mass Spectrometer. In order to evaluate the suitability of the method for
determining the enantiomeric purity of tetramisole, validation studies were also carried out by using
equine plasma.
Results:
The enantio-separation was achieved using the Lux i-cellulose-5 column. Isocratic flow was
used with a 1:1 mixture of mobile phase A (10 mM ammonium acetate in water) and mobile phase B
(acetonitrile), at a flow rate of 0.6 mL/min. The run time was 8.0 min, and the column temperature
was 50°C. Dexamisole eluted at 5.94 min, and levamisole eluted at 6.62 min, giving the R-value of
1.50. The obtained inter-day precisions of dexamisole, levamisole were 3.16% and 2.85%, respectively.
The accuracy of dexamisole was in the range of 97.78 to 102.44%, and that for levamisole
was 99.16 to 102.82%. The limit of quantification value for both isomers in this method was 0.1 ng/
mL. The method was linear in the range of 0 to 50 ng/mL.
Conclusion:
Chromatographic separation was achieved using the polysaccharide cellulose chiral
column, and the reverse-phase separation approach was found to have the highest potential for successful
chiral resolution in LC-MS. Linearity, precision, accuracy, detection limit, recovery, and the
matrix effect in equine plasma were determined. Under the optimized conditions, the validated method
can be applied for the identification and detection of the tetramisole enantiomers in different
sources of illicit drugs of abuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Khader Karakka Kal
- Equine Forensic Unit, Central Veterinary Research Laboratory, PO Box 597, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Tajudheen K. Karatt
- Equine Forensic Unit, Central Veterinary Research Laboratory, PO Box 597, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Moses Philip
- Equine Forensic Unit, Central Veterinary Research Laboratory, PO Box 597, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Samir Meissir
- Equine Forensic Unit, Central Veterinary Research Laboratory, PO Box 597, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Jahfar Nalakath
- Equine Forensic Unit, Central Veterinary Research Laboratory, PO Box 597, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
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19
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San S, Ravis E, Tessonier L, Philip M, Oliver L, Arregle F, Martel H, Renard S, Gouriet F, Casalta J, Collart F, Drancourt M, Raoult D, Habib G. Prognostic value of 18-Fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography in infective endocarditis. Archives of Cardiovascular Diseases Supplements 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.acvdsp.2019.09.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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20
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Arregle F, Lavagna F, Philip M, Gouriet F, Casalta J, Riberi A, Torras O, Martel H, Casalta A, Renard S, Collart F, Hubert S, Raoult D, Habib G. Infective endocarditis with neurological complications: Bad outcome is predicted by the delay in cardiac surgery but not by the neurological complication itself. Archives of Cardiovascular Diseases Supplements 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.acvdsp.2019.09.172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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21
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Carbone A, Mouhat B, Philip M, Gouriet F, Cammilleri S, Tessonnier L, Casalta J, Riberi A, Bohbot Y, Santelli F, Tribouilloy C, Habib G. Spondylitis: A frequent and severe complication of infective endocarditis. Archives of Cardiovascular Diseases Supplements 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.acvdsp.2019.09.174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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22
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Carbone A, Mouhat B, Lieu A, Santelli F, Bohbot Y, Tessonnier L, D'Andrea A, Cammilleri S, Gouriet F, Camoin L, Casalta JP, Riberi A, Philip M, Tribouilloy C, Habib G. P3666Spondylitis: a frequent and severe complication of infective endocarditis. Eur Heart J 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehz745.0521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Spondylodiscitis (SP) is a rare, but severe complication of infective endocarditis (IE). The incidence, clinical features and prognosis of SP in IE are unknown.
Purpose
The primary objective of our study was to assess the incidence, epidemiology, clinical presentation, prognosis, and therapeutic implications of SP in patient with IE. The secondary objectives were to assess factors associated with occurrence of spondylitis and to assess the value of imaging techniques.
Methods
In a French bi-center prospective study of patients who presented in our endocarditis reference centers with a diagnosis of definite IE from 1990 to 2018 (n=1755), 150 (8.5%) presented with SP. Clinical, epidemiological, microbiological, and prognostic variables were prospectively recorded and compared between patients with (n=150) and without (n=1605) SP.
Results
Patients with SP were older (mean age 69.7±18 vs 66.2±14; p=0.004), had more arterial hypertension (48% vs 34,5%; p<0.001) and autoimmune disease (5% vs 2%; p=0.03) than patients without SP. The lumbar vertebrae were the most frequently involved (84 patients, 66%), especially L3-L4. Neurological symptoms were observed in 59% of patients. Enterococci et Gallolyticus streptococci were more frequent (24% vs 12% and 24% vs 11%; p<0,001, respectively) in the SP group. Observed sensitivities of full spine contrast-enhanced MRI and CT were 95% and 89%, respectively. PET/CT had a great power to differentiate infective to degenerative vertebral processes, and to find embolic foci with a sensitivity of 90%. Clinical outcome did not differ between patients with or without SP, including similar in-hospital mortality (16% vs 13,5%, p=0.38).
Conclusions
We describe the largest ever reported series of patients with spondylodiscitis complicating IE. Spondylodiscitis is a more frequent complication of IE than previously reported (8.5% of IE), is observed in older hypertensive patients with Enterococcal or Streptococcus gallolyticus IE and has a similar prognosis than other forms of IE. Since SP is associated with prolonged antibiotic therapy and may need specific surgical therapy, multimodality imaging including MRI, CT, and PET/CT should be used for early diagnosis of this IE complication.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Carbone
- La Timone Hospital, Marseille, France
| | - B Mouhat
- La Timone Hospital, Marseille, France
| | - A Lieu
- University Hospital of Amiens, Amiens, France
| | - F Santelli
- Vincenzo Monaldi Hospital, Naples, Italy
| | - Y Bohbot
- University Hospital of Amiens, Amiens, France
| | | | - A D'Andrea
- Vincenzo Monaldi Hospital, Naples, Italy
| | | | - F Gouriet
- La Timone Hospital, Marseille, France
| | - L Camoin
- La Timone Hospital, Marseille, France
| | | | - A Riberi
- La Timone Hospital, Marseille, France
| | - M Philip
- La Timone Hospital, Marseille, France
| | | | - G Habib
- La Timone Hospital, Marseille, France
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23
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Philip M, Tessonnier L, Mancini J, Mainardi JL, Lussato D, Cammillieri S, Weinmann P, Hagege A, Gouriet F, Camoin L, Casalta JP, Riberi A, Drancourt M, Lepidi H, Habib G. 333018F-Fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography (PET/CT) for the diagnosis of prosthetic valve infective endocarditis (PVIE): a prospective multicenter study. Eur Heart J 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehz745.0082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background and objectives
18F-FDG PET/CT has recently been added as a major criterion in the ESC 2015 infective endocarditis (IE) guidelines, but the value of this new diagnostic algorithm has never been prospectively assessed.
Purposes
1. Primary objective: to assess the value of the new ESC criteria including 18F-FDG PET/CT in prosthetic valve infective endocarditis (PVIE).
2. Secondary objectives: to determine the reproducibility of 18F-FDG PET/CT; to assess its ability to predict embolic events.
Methods
Between 2014 and 2017, 175 patients with suspected PVIE were prospectively included in 3 French centers. After exclusion of patients with uninterpretable or not feasible PET/CT,115 patients were finally included in the analysis, including 91 definite IE and 24 rejected IE, as defined by an expert Consensus of Endocarditis Team after 3-month follow-up as Gold Standard
Nuclear data were blindly analyzed by two independent nuclear medicine physicians.
Patients follow-up was scheduled at one and three months after hospitalization
Results
Significant cardiac uptake by PET/CT (major criterion) was observed in 67 among 91 patients with definite PVIE and 6 patients with rejected IE (sensitivity 73.6%, specificity 75%, positive predictive value 91%, negative predictive value 42%). Considering cardiac uptake as a major criterion, the ESC 2015 classification increased the sensitivity of Duke criteria from 57 to 84% (p<0.001) but decreased its specificity from 84 to 70% (p<0.001).
Intraobserver reproducibility of cardiac uptake evaluation was good (kappa = 0.84) but inter observer reproductibility was less satisfactory (kappa = 0.63).
Embolic events occurred in 31 patients (27%) and were correlated with vegetation size by ECHO (p<0.001), Staphylococcus infection (p=0.003), and PET/CT cardiac uptake (p=0.02).
Conclusion
1. the value of PET CT and ESC criteria is confirmed and may allow earlier diagnosis of PVIE
2. PET CT is associated with an increased risk of false positive results probably related to the technical improvements
3. Reproducibility of nuclear measurements seems unsatisfactory, justifying efforts to standardize PET studies interpretation
4. Our study describes for the first time a positive correlation between a positive PET/Ct and occurrence of embolic events, warranting additional studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Philip
- La Timone Hospital, Marseille, France
| | | | - J Mancini
- La Timone Hospital, Marseille, France
| | - J L Mainardi
- Hopital Europeen Georges Pompidou - University Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - D Lussato
- Centre Cardiologique du Nord (CCN), Paris, France
| | | | - P Weinmann
- Hopital Europeen Georges Pompidou - University Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - A Hagege
- Hopital Europeen Georges Pompidou - University Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - F Gouriet
- La Timone Hospital, Marseille, France
| | - L Camoin
- La Timone Hospital, Marseille, France
| | | | - A Riberi
- La Timone Hospital, Marseille, France
| | | | - H Lepidi
- La Timone Hospital, Marseille, France
| | - G Habib
- La Timone Hospital, Marseille, France
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24
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Sovannarith S, Ravis E, Tessonnier L, Philip M, Cammilleri S, Oliver L, Arregle F, Martel H, Renard S, Gouriet F, Casalta JP, Collart F, Drancourt M, Raoult D, Habib G. P2760Prognostic value of 18-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography in infective endocarditis. Eur Heart J 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehz748.1077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
18-Fluorodeoxyglucose Positron emission tomography (18F-FDG PET/CT) has been shown to be useful for the diagnosis of IE, but its prognostic value is unknown.
Objectives
This study sought to assess the prognostic value of 18F-FDG PET/CT in prosthetic (PVE) and native valve endocarditis (NVE).
Methods
We prospectively studied 173 consecutive patients (109 PVE and 64 NVE) with definite IE who underwent a 18F-FDG PET/CT study and were follow-up for one year. Primary end-point was a composite of major cardiac events i.e. death, recurrence of IE, acute cardiac failure, non-scheduled hospitalization for cardiovascular reason, and new embolic event
Results
18F-FDG PET/CT was positive in 98 (57%) patients, 82% (n=88/109) in the PVE and 16% (n=10/64) in the NVE group. At a mean follow of 225±18 days, the primary end-point occurred in 94 (55%) patients, 63 (58%) in the PVE group and 31 (48%) in the NVE group. In the PVE group, positive 18F-FDG PET/CT was significantly associated with higher rate of primary end-point (OR=2.6, IC95%=1.04 to 6.6; p=0.04). Moderate to intense 18F-FDG valvular uptake was also associated with worse outcome (OR=2.1; IC95%=1.1 to 4.0; p=0.03) and to new embolic events, (OR: 8.8; IC95%= 1.1 to 69.5; p=0.02). In the NVE group, 18F-FDG PET/CT was not associated with occurrence of the primary end-point.
Conclusion
In addition to be an accurate diagnostic tool, 18F-FDG PET/CT is predictive of major cardiac events in PVE and to embolic events during the first year following IE episode
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Affiliation(s)
| | - E Ravis
- La Timone Hospital, Marseille, France
| | | | - M Philip
- La Timone Hospital, Marseille, France
| | | | - L Oliver
- La Timone Hospital, Marseille, France
| | - F Arregle
- La Timone Hospital, Marseille, France
| | - H Martel
- La Timone Hospital, Marseille, France
| | - S Renard
- La Timone Hospital, Marseille, France
| | - F Gouriet
- La Timone Hospital, Marseille, France
| | | | - F Collart
- La Timone Hospital, Marseille, France
| | | | - D Raoult
- La Timone Hospital, Marseille, France
| | - G Habib
- La Timone Hospital, Marseille, France
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Karakka Kal AK, Karatt TK, Sayed R, Philip M, Meissir S, Nalakath J. Separation of ephedrine and pseudoephedrine enantiomers using a polysaccharide-based chiral column: A normal phase liquid chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry approach. Chirality 2019; 31:568-574. [PMID: 31250489 DOI: 10.1002/chir.23104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Revised: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Chiral considerations are found to be very much relevant in various aspects of forensic toxicology and pharmacology. In forensics, it has become increasingly important to identify the chirality of doping agents to avoid legal arguments and challenges to the analytical findings. The scope of this study was to develop an liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LCMS) method for the enantiomeric separation of typical illicit drugs such as ephedrines (ie, 1S,2R(+)-ephedrine and 1R,2S(-)-ephedrine) and pseudoephedrine (ie, R,R(-)-pseudoephedrine and S,S(+)-pseudoephedrine) by using normal phase chiral liquid chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry technique. Results show that the Lux i-amylose-1 stationary phase has very broad and balancing-enantio-recognition properties towards ephedrine analogues, and this immobilized chiral stationary phase may offer a powerful tool for enantio-separation of different types of pharmaceuticals in the normal phase mode. The type of mobile phase and organic modifier used appear to have dramatic influences on separation quality. Since the developed method was able to detect and separate the enantiomers at very low levels (in pico grams), this method opens easy access for the unambiguous identification of these illicit drugs and can be used for the routine screening of the biological samples in the antidoping laboratories.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tajudheen K Karatt
- Equine Forensic Unit, Central Veterinary Research Laboratory, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ramy Sayed
- Equine Forensic Unit, Central Veterinary Research Laboratory, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Moses Philip
- Equine Forensic Unit, Central Veterinary Research Laboratory, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Samir Meissir
- Equine Forensic Unit, Central Veterinary Research Laboratory, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Jahfar Nalakath
- Equine Forensic Unit, Central Veterinary Research Laboratory, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
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Paterson C, Morton A, Lamb C, Wilson C, Grose D, Rizwanullah M, Schipani S, Easton F, Campbell F, James A, Philip M, Thomson M. PO-060 Outcomes from concomitant cetuximab with radiotherapy in HNSCC: A retrospective cohort study. Radiother Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(19)30226-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Muthuchellappan R, Shaikh NA, Surve RM, Ganne URS, Philip M. Regional cerebral tissue oxygen saturation changes following blood transfusion in neuro-intensive care unit patients - a pilot observational study. Transfus Med 2018; 28:304-309. [PMID: 29318718 DOI: 10.1111/tme.12504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Revised: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although central venous oxygen saturation (ScvO2 ) is used to decide on red blood cell (RBC) transfusion, whether its improvement is associated with parallel improvement in cerebral oxygenation is not adequately studied. This study looked at changes in regional cerebral tissue oxygen saturation (rSO2 ) following RBC transfusion in neuro-intensive care unit (ICU) patients. METHODS In this prospective observational pilot study, rSO2 was measured in adult neuro-ICU patients before RBC transfusion, at the end and at 6, 12, 18 and 24 h after RBC transfusion. rSO2 measurements were taken using cerebral oximetry on both sides of the hemicraniums. Haemoglobin, central venous pressure, ScvO2 and temperature were recorded during the study period. Arterial oxygen content, central venous oxygen content and cerebral fractional oxygen extraction were calculated. Mann Whitney U test was used to study the changes in variables at baseline and at 24 h following RBC transfusion. Friedman's test was used to study changes in parameters from baseline to 24 h post-transfusion. A P value of <0·05 was considered to be significant. RESULTS The data from 13 subjects were analysed. rSO2 increased significantly following RBC transfusion on both sides of the brain (P = 0·002, P = 0·007), with a corresponding decrease in cerebral fractional oxygen extraction (P = 0·001, P = 0·007). CONCLUSIONS RBC transfusion increased rSO2 significantly on both sides of the brain. As patients' outcomes were not studied, whether this increase in regional cerebral oxygen saturation is beneficial or if it is because of excess DO2 is still unclear. Further studies are required to clarify this issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Muthuchellappan
- Department of Neuroanaesthesia and Neurocritical Care, National Institute of Mental Health and NeuroSciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru, India
| | - N A Shaikh
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care, Dr Ram Manohar Lohia Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India
| | - R M Surve
- Department of Neuroanaesthesia and Neurocritical Care, National Institute of Mental Health and NeuroSciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru, India
| | - U R S Ganne
- Department of Neuroanaesthesia and Neurocritical Care, National Institute of Mental Health and NeuroSciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru, India
| | - M Philip
- Department of Biostatistics, National Institute of Mental Health and NeuroSciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru, India
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R S, Mustare V, Philip M, K T, Periyavan S. Early electrophysiological abnormalities in Guillain Barre syndrome (GBS) and the diagnostic yield of various demyelination criteria. J Neurol Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2017.08.3087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Surve RM, Muthuchellappan R, Rao GSU, Philip M. The effect of blood transfusion on central venous oxygen saturation in critically ill patients admitted to a neurointensive care unit. Transfus Med 2016; 26:343-348. [PMID: 27476492 DOI: 10.1111/tme.12332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2015] [Revised: 06/13/2016] [Accepted: 07/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Literature suggests poorer outcomes during anaemia as well as following red blood cell transfusion (BT) in brain injured patients. Recently, central venous oxygen saturation (ScvO2 ) has been proposed as a physiological trigger to guide red BT. In this study, we looked at ScvO2 changes following BT in patients admitted to a neurointensive care unit (NICU). STUDY DESIGN In this prospective, observational study, adult, acutely ill neurological patients of >18 years were recruited. The following parameters were measured before and immediately after transfusion and then at 6, 12, 18 and 24 h after transfusion: haemoglobin (Hb), ScvO2 and central venous oxygen partial pressure (PcvO2 ) (blood sampled from central venous catheter). Simultaneously, hemodynamic parameters [central venous pressure (CVP), heart rate (HR), mean arterial pressure (MAP) and systolic blood pressure (SBP)] were also noted. RESULTS Data from 70 adult patients were analysed. Following BT, significant improvement was noted in Hb, ScvO2 and all hemodynamic parameters. The ScvO2 changes correlated significantly with the number of units of BT (P = 0·039), pre-transfusion Hb (P = 0·010), ScvO2 (P = 0·001) and PcvO2 (P = 0·001). When receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were drawn, optimum cut-off values of baseline ScvO2 and Hb to predict the need for transfusion in terms of oxygen delivery were 70% and 8·6 gm dL-1 respectively. DISCUSSION Baseline ScvO2 <70% appears to be a useful physiological trigger for deciding the need for BT in brain injured patients. Whether improvement in ScvO2 leads to improvement in regional brain oxygenation needs to be studied.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - M Philip
- Department of Biostatistics, National Institute of Mental Health and NeuroSciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru, India
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Biester T, Remus K, Gottwald I, Muller I, Atlas E, Nimri R, Philip M, Kordonouri O, Danne T. 60 Stunden kontinuierliche Anwendung eines Hybrid-Closed-Loop (HCL) Systems im Alltag: Erste Ergebnisse der DREAM5-Studie. DIABETOL STOFFWECHS 2016. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0036-1584096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Kamalesh NP, Prakash K, Philip M, Pramil K, Sylesh A, Shaji P, Deepak GT, Rohan S. Menetrier’s Disease with Early Gastric Cancer. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 37:58-61. [PMID: 29668181 DOI: 10.7869/tg.323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Joy SP, Sinha S, Pal PK, Panda S, Philip M, Taly AB. Serial macro-architectural alterations with levodopa in Parkinson's disease: Polysomnography (PSG)-based analysis. Ann Indian Acad Neurol 2015; 18:309-13. [PMID: 26425009 PMCID: PMC4564466 DOI: 10.4103/0972-2327.160102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: We studied the sleep macroarchitecture with polysomnography (PSG) in drug naïve patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) and reassessed them following treatment with levodopa. Materials and Methods: This prospective hospital-based study included 15 patients with PD (age: 59 ± 11.2 years, duration of PD: 11.8 ± 12.3 months; and male: female (M:F) = 11:4). They were assessed for demography, phenotype, modified Hoehn and Yahr staging (H & Y); Schwab and England and Activities of Daily Living (S and E ADL) Scale; and Unified PDRating Scale (UPDRS). Sleep was assessed using Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), and National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS) comprehensive sleep disorder questionnaire. They underwent overnight PSG at baseline and after13.3 ± 5.7 months of levodopa (440 mg/day). Results: Patients with PD had responded to levodopa as indicated by the significant improvement in UPDRS motor score in ON state compared to OFF state. Nocturnal sleep quality indices did not vary significantly, but the excessive daytime somnolence improved (P = 0.04) with levodopa. Sleep efficiency (P = 0.65), latency to sleep onset (P = 0.19), latency to stage 1 (P = 0.12), and duration of stage 1 (P = 0.55) had increased. Duration of ‘awake in bed’ (P = 0.24), slow wave sleep (P = 0.29), and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep (P = 0.24) decreased with treatment. Periodic leg movements (PLMs) had reduced (P = 0.68) and mean oxygen saturation during sleep improved (P = 0.002). Surprisingly, snore index (P < 0.03) during sleep had increased with levodopa. Conclusions: Sleep alterations in PD occur even in early stages due to the disease process. There was improvement in most of the parameters of sleep macroarchitecture with levodopa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanju P Joy
- Department of Neurology, National Institute of Mental health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Sanjib Sinha
- Department of Neurology, National Institute of Mental health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Pramod Kumar Pal
- Department of Neurology, National Institute of Mental health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Samhita Panda
- Department of Neurology, National Institute of Mental health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - M Philip
- Department of Biostatistics, National Institute of Mental health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Arun B Taly
- Department of Neurology, National Institute of Mental health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
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Graf SA, Stevenson PA, Holmberg LA, Till BG, Press OW, Chauncey TR, Smith SD, Philip M, Orozco JJ, Shustov AR, Green DJ, Libby EN, Bensinger WI, Pagel JM, Maloney DG, Zhou Y, Cassaday RD, Gopal AK. Maintenance rituximab after autologous stem cell transplantation in patients with mantle cell lymphoma. Ann Oncol 2015; 26:2323-8. [PMID: 26347113 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdv364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2015] [Accepted: 08/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND High-dose therapy and autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) improves outcomes for patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL), but relapse ultimately occurs in most patients. Recently presented interim results from a phase III prospective trial suggest maintenance rituximab (MR) after ASCT for MCL improves progression-free survival (PFS). The maturation of these data and any benefit of MR on overall survival (OS) remain to be defined. PATIENTS AND METHODS In this retrospective study, we examined a cohort of consecutive patients with MCL that underwent ASCT for MCL at our center and evaluated their outcomes according to whether they received MR after ASCT (n = 50) or did not (n = 107). MR was treated as a time-dependent covariate to account for variation in timing of its initiation. RESULTS MR was associated with an improved PFS [hazard ratio (HR) 0.44; confidence interval (CI) (0.24-0.80), P = 0.007] and overall survival (OS; HR 0.46; CI 0.23-0.93, P = 0.03) following a multivariate adjustment for confounding factors with a median follow-up of ∼5 years. Grade 4 neutropenia was increased (34% versus 18%, P = 0.04) in the MR group, but no effect on the rate of mortality unrelated to relapse was observed. CONCLUSIONS These data support that MR after ASCT for MCL confers a benefit in PFS and additionally suggest it may improve OS. General application of this strategy will require confirmation of benefit in prospective randomized trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Graf
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, Washington Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - P A Stevenson
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - L A Holmberg
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - B G Till
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - O W Press
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - T R Chauncey
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, Washington Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - S D Smith
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - M Philip
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - J J Orozco
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - A R Shustov
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - D J Green
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - E N Libby
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - W I Bensinger
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - J M Pagel
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - D G Maloney
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Y Zhou
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - R D Cassaday
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - A K Gopal
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
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Umadevi P, Ramachandra, Varambally S, Philip M, Gangadhar BN. Effect of yoga therapy on anxiety and depressive symptoms and quality-of-life among caregivers of in-patients with neurological disorders at a tertiary care center in India: A randomized controlled trial. Indian J Psychiatry 2013; 55:S385-9. [PMID: 24049204 PMCID: PMC3768217 DOI: 10.4103/0019-5545.116304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT The concerns of caregivers of patients with neurological disorders have been a felt need for a long time, with many of them experiencing significant psychiatric morbidity. AIMS This study aimed to find the effect of yoga in reducing anxiety and depression, as well as improving quality-of-life in caregivers of patients with neurological disorders. SETTINGS AND DESIGN The study was conducted using a randomized controlled design, with yoga intervention and waitlisted controls. METHODOLOGY SIXTY CONSENTING CAREGIVERS OF INPATIENTS IN NEUROLOGY WARDS WERE RANDOMIZED INTO TWO GROUPS: Yoga and control. Demographic variables except years of education and length of caretaking were comparable in the two groups, as also baseline scores of anxiety, depression and quality-of-life. A specific yoga module comprising yogāsanas, prāṇāyāma, and chanting was taught to the participants in the yoga group by the researcher. At follow-up 43 patients (yoga n=20 and control group n=23) were available. Two-way repeated measures analysis of variance was used to test the change from pre-test to post-test scores within and between groups. Analysis of covariance was performed to compare the post-test scores between the groups adjusting for education and length of caretaking. RESULTS Following one month intervention of yoga therapy, there was a significant (P<0.001) decrease in anxiety and depression scores, as well as improved quality-of-life among the participants in the yoga group as compared with the control group. CONCLUSION This study highlights the usefulness of a yoga intervention for caregivers of inpatients with neurological problems. The small sample size and lack of blinding were some of the limitations of this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Umadevi
- Department of Nursing, Advanced Centre for Yoga, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
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Philip M. Robert Matthew Hay McMinn. Assoc Med J 2012. [DOI: 10.1136/bmj.e7102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Murphy J, Philip M, Macken S, Meehan J, Roche E, Mayne PD, O'Regan M, Hoey HMCV. Thyroid dysfunction in Down's syndrome and screening for hypothyroidism in children and adolescents using capillary TSH measurement. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2008; 21:155-63. [PMID: 18422028 DOI: 10.1515/jpem.2008.21.2.155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Thyroid dysfunction is more common in individuals with Down's syndrome (DS) than in the general population, whose clinical features can mask the presenting signs and symptoms of hypothyroidism. Biochemical screening is necessary; however, venepuncture may be difficult. AIMS To assess the prevalence of thyroid dysfunction in children and adolescents with DS and the feasibility of screening for hypothyroidism using capillary dried blood spot thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) from infancy. METHODS 394 children (217 boys, 177 girls) were clinically assessed for thyroid dysfunction and 305 children (aged 4 months to 18.9 years) were screened for hypothyroidism by capillary whole blood TSH sample. RESULTS Thyroid dysfunction was detected in 4.6%, with 50% unscreened since neonatal screening. Parents reported minimal distress by fingerprick screening. CONCLUSION DS is associated with an increased prevalence of thyroid dysfunction, particularly in preschool children. Biochemical screening is essential and capillary whole blood TSH sampling for hypothyroidism is feasible, less invasive and acceptable.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Murphy
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Dublin, Trinity College, Tallaght, Dublin, Ireland.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - M. Philip
- Chem. Laborat. der k. Akad. der Wissensch. zu München
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Murphy J, Hoey HMCV, Philip M, Roche EF, Macken S, Mayne P, Duff D, O'Keefe M, McShane D, Fogarty E, O'Regan M. Guidelines for the medical management of Irish children and adolescents with Down syndrome. Ir Med J 2005; 98:48-52. [PMID: 15835512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Down syndrome (DS) is the most common chromosomal cause of developmental disability in Ireland. Children with DS have a high incidence of associated treatable medical disorders where early intervention carries a better outcome. Currently there are no agreed protocols for the screening and management of children and adults with DS in Ireland. A cross-sectional study of 394 children and adolescents was undertaken in the Eastern Regional Health Authority (ERHA) to assess the medical needs of children and adolescents with DS, in order to develop medical management guidelines. This study provides evidence-based data that children and adolescents with DS have a high incidence of treatable medical disorders, which supports the need for the medical management guidelines presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Murphy
- Department of Paediatrics, The National Children's Hospital, AMNCH, Tallaght, Dublin.
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Ramesh H, Philip M, Jacob G, Lekha V, Venugopal A, Mahadevan P. Isolated duodeno-pancreatic involvement due to metastatic dysgerminoma ovary and its management by a modified pancreatico-duodenal resection. Dig Surg 2002; 18:479-82. [PMID: 11799300 DOI: 10.1159/000050198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
Dysgerminomas of the ovary rarely metastasize to abdominal viscera and when they do, the involvement is a part of a disseminated disease. A 30-year-old woman developed isolated duodenopancreatic dysgerminoma 14 years after salpingo-oophorectomy. The clinical picture was complicated by the presence of tuberculous lesions in the liver which mimicked metastatic disease. Surgical excision was carried out using a modified pancreatic head resection.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Ramesh
- Department of Gastroenterology, PVS Memorial Hospital, Cochin, Kerala, India
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Mall ML, Rai RR, Philip M, Naik G, Parekh P, Bhawnani SC, Olowokure B, Shamanna M, Weil J. Seroepidemiology of hepatitis A infection in India: changing pattern. Indian J Gastroenterol 2001; 20:132-5. [PMID: 11497169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Recent changes in the epidemiology of hepatitis A virus (HAV) infection and the availability of effective vaccines have renewed interest in this infection. We determined the age-related prevalence of anti-HAV antibodies in India and looked for differences by known risk factors for HAV infection. METHODS In this prospective study, serum samples obtained from 1612 subjects aged 1 to 60 at six centers in five cities (Calcutta, Cochin, Indore, Jaipur and Patna) during the period February to August 1998 were tested for anti-HAV antibodies. Demographic and socio-economic information was obtained by questionnaire. RESULTS The overall seroprevalence rate was 65.9%, varying from 26.2% to 85.3% in various cities; there was no difference between males and females. Seropositivity increased with age from 52.2% in the 1-5 year age group to 80.8% in those aged 16 years or more. Seroprevalence rates were significantly lower in those aged 1-5 years compared with other age groups (p<0.0001). There was no difference in seroprevalence between those with monthly family income <Rs 5000 and >Rs 5001. Multivariate analysis showed that anti-HAV seroprevalence varied significantly by source of water supply, being highest when the supply was municipal. CONCLUSION Our results indicate an epidemiological pattern of intermediate endemicity. This finding has public health implications as it indicates that a significant proportion of the Indian adolescent and adult population is at risk of HAV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- M L Mall
- Marwari Relief Society Hospital and The Calcutta Research Institute
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Majumdar AS, Zolotorev A, Samuel S, Tran K, Vertin B, Hall-Meier M, Antoni BA, Adeline E, Philip M, Philip R. Efficacy of herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase in combination with cytokine gene therapy in an experimental metastatic breast cancer model. Cancer Gene Ther 2000; 7:1086-99. [PMID: 10917212 DOI: 10.1038/sj.cgt.7700215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Immunotherapy in combination with suicide gene therapy for breast cancer was tested using a metastatic animal model. Subcutaneous injection of the nonimmunogenic breast cancer cell line 4T1 in BALB/C mice gave rise to tumors in 100% of mice with both micrometastases and macrometastases in the lung. We used the herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase (HSV-TK) gene along with the cytokine genes granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and interleukin-2 (IL-2) to determine their effect on tumor regression and inhibition of lung metastasis. Adenoviral (AV) vectors carrying these transgenes, in separate constructs, were used in this study. Intratumoral administration of AV-TK followed by 10 days of ganciclovir treatment resulted in a delay in tumor growth and, in some cases, in a low to moderate reduction in tumor volume. Inclusion of either GM-CSF or IL-2 gene with HSV-TK resulted in a slightly greater reduction in tumor volume, although these data were not significantly different from those obtained for TK treatment alone. However, when both cytokine genes were combined with TK, a substantial reduction in tumor growth was observed compared with HSV-TK alone (P < .02). Tumor weight data also exhibited superior efficacy of TK/GM-CSF/IL-2 treatment when compared with animals treated with TK gene only (P < .01). More importantly, TK/GM-CSF/IL-2 combination gene therapy induced a significant reduction in lung metastasis compared with any other treatment groups in the 4T1 model (P < .001 between TK GM-CSF/IL-2 versus TK only). Surgical excision of primary tumors after TK/GM-CSF/IL-2 plus ganciclovir treatment resulted in anti-metastatic activity that was similar to that observed for animals in which no surgery was performed. Survival analysis showed a significant difference between animals treated with AV-TK/GM-CSF/IL-2 and animals treated with TK only at 35 days after virus injection (P < .01). Immunophenotypic data suggest infiltration of lymphocytes within the tumor microenvironment in TK- and cytokine gene-treated animals. Thus, the overall data presented here demonstrate that TK gene therapy in combination with GM-CSF and IL-2 gene-mediated immunotherapy strategies have important implications in the treatment of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- A S Majumdar
- Department of Oncology, Rhône-Poulenc Rorer Gencell, Discovery Research, Hayward, California 94545, USA.
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Philip R, Alters SE, Brunette E, Ashton J, Gadea J, Yau J, Lebkowski J, Philip M. Dendritic cells loaded with MART-1 peptide or infected with adenoviral construct are functionally equivalent in the induction of tumor-specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte responses in patients with melanoma. J Immunother 2000; 23:168-76. [PMID: 10687150 DOI: 10.1097/00002371-200001000-00020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Immunization with tumor-specific-associated antigen--pulsed dendritic cells has proved to be efficacious in various animal models and is being evaluated for the treatment of cancer in humans. Use of dendritic cells pulsed with specific peptides or transfected with tumor-associated antigen genes has been a focused area of investigation for inducing potent tumor and viral immune responses. In this study, the authors demonstrate transgene expression, including the lacZ and MART-1 genes, in dendritic cells infected with adenoviral constructs. These transiently transduced dendritic cells, derived from melanoma patients' monocytes cultured with granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor and interleukin-4, express the transgene and can stimulate patients' CD8+ T cells to elicit an antitumor immune response comparable to dendritic cells loaded with a defined peptide. These cytotoxic T lymphocytes were able to recognize both known and unknown tumor-associated antigen epitopes and exhibited cytolytic activity against HLA-matched tumor cells expressing the antigen. The ability to induce tumor-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes in vitro using gene-modified dendritic cells that transiently express tumor-associated antigens demonstrates the potential use of these antigen-presenting cells for developing in vivo cancer vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Philip
- RPR Gencell, Hayward, California, USA
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Mumberg D, Monach PA, Wanderling S, Philip M, Toledano AY, Schreiber RD, Schreiber H. CD4(+) T cells eliminate MHC class II-negative cancer cells in vivo by indirect effects of IFN-gamma. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1999; 96:8633-8. [PMID: 10411927 PMCID: PMC17568 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.96.15.8633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 285] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
CD4(+) T cells can eliminate tumor cells in vivo in the absence of CD8(+) T cells. We have CD4(+) T cells specific for a MHC class II-restricted, tumor-specific peptide derived from a mutant ribosomal protein expressed by the UV light-induced tumor 6132A-PRO. By using neutralizing mAb specific for murine IFN-gamma and adoptive transfer of CD4(+) T cells into severe combined immunodeficient mice, we show that anti-IFN-gamma treatment abolishes the CD4(+) T cell-mediated rejection of the tumor cells in vivo. The tumor cells were MHC class II negative, and IFN-gamma did not induce MHC class II expression in vitro. Therefore, the tumor-specific antigenic peptide must be presented by host cells and not the tumor cells. Tumor cells transduced to secrete IFN-gamma had a markedly reduced growth rate in severe combined immunodeficient mice, but IFN-gamma did not inhibit the growth of the tumor cells in vitro. Furthermore, tumor cells stably expressing a dominant-negative truncated form of the murine IFN-gamma receptor alpha chain, and therefore insensitive to IFN-gamma, nevertheless were rejected by the adoptively transferred CD4(+) T cells. Thus, host cells, and not tumor cells, seem to be the target of IFN-gamma. Together, these results show that CD4(+) T cells can eliminate IFN-gamma-insensitive, MHC class II-negative cancer cells by an indirect mechanism that depends on IFN-gamma.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Mumberg
- Department of Pathology, The University of Chicago, 5841 South Maryland Avenue, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
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Philip M, Sivarajasingam V, Shepherd J. Bilateral reflex fracture of the coronoid process of the mandible. A case report. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 1999; 28:195-6. [PMID: 10355941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
Bilateral fractures of the coronoid process of the mandible occurred following a blow to the left temporal region in an assault. There was no evidence of direct trauma and the zygoma and other facial bones were intact. The probable cause was acute reflex contraction of the temporalis muscles leading to bilateral stress coronoid fractures. Conservative management was followed by complete resolution of symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Philip
- Department of Oral Surgery, Medicine and Pathology, University Dental Hospital, Cardiff, Wales, UK
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Balakrishnan V, Philip M. Cytokines as predictors of severity in acute pancreatitis. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 1998; 13:1177-9. [PMID: 9918421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
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Philip R, Brunette E, Ashton J, Alters S, Gadea J, Sorich M, Yau J, O'Donoghue G, Lebkowski J, Okarma T, Philip M. Transgene expression in dendritic cells to induce antigen-specific cytotoxic T cells in healthy donors. Cancer Gene Ther 1998; 5:236-46. [PMID: 9694075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Immunization with specific tumor-associated antigen (Ag) (TAA)-pulsed dendritic cells (DC) has proven to be efficacious in a variety of animal models and is being investigated for the treatment of cancer patients. Use of DC pulsed with specific peptides or transfected with TAA genes has been a focused area of investigation for the induction of potent tumor and viral immune responses. In this study we demonstrate transgene expression, including expression of the MART-1 gene, in DC transfected with plasmid DNA and cationic liposome complexes. These transiently transfected DC, derived from healthy donor monocytes cultured with granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor and interleukin-4, express the transgene and can stimulate naive CD8+ T cells to elicit an antitumor immune response. These cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) were capable of recognizing both known and unknown TAA epitopes and were able to exhibit cytolytic activity against human histocompatibility leukocyte Ag-matched tumor cells expressing the Ag. In addition to their cytolytic function, the CTL displayed an oligoclonal T-cell receptor repertoire, indicating that the presented Ag induced alterations in the T-cell population. The ability to induce tumor-specific CTL in vitro using gene-modified DC transiently expressing TAAs demonstrates the potential use of these Ag-presenting cells to generate future in vivo cancer vaccine strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Philip
- RPR Gencell, Santa Clara, California 95054, USA.
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Abstract
In adults clinically silent adrenal masses can be discovered incidentally in imaging studies. Most of these 'incidentalomas' are benign, non-functioning adenomas. In contradistinction, in infancy and childhood the most common adrenal mass is the neuroblastoma, a malignant neural crest tumour. Four children are described, each with a benign neural crest tumour - ganglioneuroma - incidentally discovered by conventional radiography or sonographic examination. Complete surgical excision resulted in total recovery of all the children.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Schulman
- Department of Radiology, Soroka Medical Centre, Ben-Gurion University, P. O. Box 151, Beer-Sheva, Israel
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